Short-circuit braking system for moving-coil electromagnetic catapults

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of electromechanical brake, concretely relates to a moving coil type electromagnetic catapult short circuit brake system, including power supply device, A phase conducting rail, B phase conducting rail, C phase conducting rail, first switch group, second switch group, third switch group, runner coil and a plurality of stator, the A phase conducting rail, the B phase guiding rail and the C phase guiding rail are parallelly laid along the catapult track, the A phase conducting rail, the B phase guiding rail and the C phase guiding rail are divided into acceleration section and deceleration section, the A phase conducting rail, the B phase guiding rail and the C phase guiding rail of the deceleration section are short circuited through the third switch group, the utility model discloses through adopting the third switch group direct short circuit A phase conducting rail, B phase guiding rail and C phase guiding rail, can realize very fast response speed brake runner coil, has solved the technical problem such as the brake system response slow of prior art, maintenance cost is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electromechanical braking technology, specifically to a moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system. Background Technology

[0002] In a moving-coil electromagnetic catapult, the mover coil is powered through sliding contact between the collector brush and the three-phase current-collecting rail. Traditional braking systems rely on physical braking during deceleration, while electromagnetic catapults require the instantaneous release of enormous electrical energy. Traditional mechanical braking is slow to respond, depends on friction materials, has a limited lifespan, and struggles to dissipate energy quickly, easily leading to system overheating or inefficiency. Current methods to improve traditional braking systems involve upgrading materials, such as using carbon-ceramic composites that can withstand temperatures above 1200℃ and reduce wear by 80%. Alternatively, nano-coatings or graphene coatings improve heat dissipation efficiency, but these still suffer from energy waste, slow response, and high maintenance costs.

[0003] In summary, there is an urgent need for a braking system that provides contactless deceleration and reduces maintenance requirements to address the problems existing in the current technology. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system to solve the technical problems of slow response and high maintenance cost in existing braking systems. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] This utility model provides a moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system, including a power supply device, an A-phase conductive rail, a B-phase conductive rail, a C-phase conductive rail, a first switch group, a second switch group, a third switch group, a moving coil, and multiple stators. The A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are laid parallel to the catapult track, and are divided into acceleration and deceleration sections. The power supply device is connected to the acceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail through the first switch group, and to the deceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail through the second switch group. The A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are short-circuited in the deceleration section through the third switch group. The multiple stators are laid in an array along the catapult track, and the moving coil makes sliding contact with the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail through a collector brush.

[0006] A further improvement of the moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of this utility model is that the first switch group includes a first contactor, a second contactor and a third contactor. The power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the first contactor, the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the second contactor, and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the third contactor.

[0007] A further improvement of the moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of this utility model is that the second switch group includes a fourth contactor, a fifth contactor and a sixth contactor. The power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fourth contactor, the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fifth contactor, and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the sixth contactor.

[0008] A further improvement of the moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of this utility model is that the third switch group includes a seventh contactor and a sixth contactor. The A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited to the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the seventh contactor, and the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited to the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the eighth contactor.

[0009] A further improvement of this utility model's moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system is that it also includes a PWM rectifier and an energy storage device, wherein the PWM rectifier is connected between the moving coil and the energy storage device.

[0010] The application of the technical solution of this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] This utility model relates to a moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system. By controlling the closing of the second and third switch groups in the deceleration section (where the closing of the second switch group supplies power to the three-phase current-receiving rails of the deceleration section, and the closing of the third switch group short-circuits the three-phase current-receiving rails of the deceleration section), the output terminals of the A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail of the deceleration section are short-circuited, forming a low-impedance loop. The current direction is opposite to the catapult direction, generating a reverse braking force to achieve braking. By directly short-circuiting the A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail of the deceleration section using the third switch group, an extremely fast response speed braking rotor coil can be achieved, solving the technical problems of slow response and high maintenance costs in existing braking systems. This invention's short-circuit braking converts kinetic energy into electrical or thermal energy through electromagnetic induction, eliminating mechanical contact and avoiding the overheating and wear problems associated with friction braking, which relies on physical contact. Furthermore, since short-circuit braking uses no friction materials, it is unaffected by ambient humidity and can be used in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. In high-load scenarios, it can handle instantaneous currents without the risk of mechanical overload. This invention's three-phase current-collecting rails (A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail) and coils are used for both acceleration and deceleration, saving hardware costs.

[0012] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, this utility model has other objectives, features, and advantages. The present utility model will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of this utility model.

[0015] Among them, K1 is the first contactor; K2 is the second contactor; K3 is the third contactor; K4 is the fourth contactor; K5 is the fifth contactor; K6 is the sixth contactor; K7 is the seventh contactor; and K8 is the eighth contactor. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Electromagnetic catapults are a technology that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy using the Lorentz force, and generally fall into two categories:

[0018] Coil-based acceleration: This method involves sequentially energizing multiple coils, utilizing the alternating magnetic field generated by the pulsed electromagnetic coils to interact with the projectile (such as a permanent magnet). By controlling the timing of the energizing and de-energizing of multiple coils, a moving magnetic field is created, gradually accelerating the projectile.

[0019] Orbit-accelerated type: A super-strong current is passed through the parallel rails, and the moving coil is powered to form an alternating magnetic field, which interacts with the permanent magnet stator, and the projectile is accelerated by the Lorentz force.

[0020] The electromagnetic catapult principle of this invention is track-acceleration type. A high-current is passed through parallel guide rails, and the mover contacts the rails through a collector brush, supplying power to the mover coil. The coil power supply creates an alternating magnetic field, which interacts with the permanent magnet stator, and the catapult is accelerated by the Lorentz force.

[0021] See Figure 1As shown, a moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system includes a power supply device, an A-phase conductive rail, a B-phase conductive rail, a C-phase conductive rail, a first switch group, a second switch group, a third switch group, a moving coil, and multiple stators. The A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are laid parallel to the catapult track, and are divided into acceleration and deceleration sections. The power supply device is connected to the acceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail through the first switch group, and is connected to the deceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail through the second switch group. The A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are short-circuited in the deceleration section through the third switch group. The multiple stators are laid in an array along the catapult track, and the moving coil makes sliding contact with the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail through a collector brush.

[0022] The braking method of this invention is short-circuit braking. Short-circuit braking converts kinetic energy into electrical energy, which is then directly consumed as heat, by short-circuiting the three-phase current-collecting rails in the deceleration section. Simultaneously, the system can also feed back a portion of the short-circuit current to the energy storage capacitor through a rectifier circuit for storage, achieving energy recovery and utilization, improving overall energy efficiency, and reducing maintenance requirements. This system is a short-circuit braking system for a moving-coil electromagnetic catapult, where the current-collecting rails mainly consist of three parallel conductive rails (phase A conductive rail, phase B guide rail, and phase C guide rail), laid along the entire catapult track. The three-phase current-collecting rails in the deceleration section are short-circuited to each other. Based on the movement of the moving coil, the power supply device controls the contactor switch, which short-circuits the three-phase current-collecting rails in the deceleration section. In this embodiment, the contactor is a high-speed contactor. This invention features no mechanical wear, long lifespan, high response speed, large energy recovery potential, suitability for extreme environments, and high system integration. The operating frequency of a high-speed contactor is determined by the length of the deceleration section and the speed of the mover: for example, if the final velocity of the ejection reaches 100-300 m / s and the length of the deceleration section is about 10-30 meters, then the single pass time is 30-100 milliseconds.

[0023] Preferably, the first switch group includes a first contactor K1, a second contactor K2, and a third contactor K3. The power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the first contactor K1, the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the second contactor K2, and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the third contactor K3.

[0024] Preferably, the second switch group includes a fourth contactor K4, a fifth contactor K5, and a sixth contactor K6. The power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fourth contactor K4, the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fifth contactor K5, and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the sixth contactor K6.

[0025] Preferably, the third switch group includes a seventh contactor K7 and a sixth contactor K6. The A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited to the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the seventh contactor K7, and the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited to the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the eighth contactor K8.

[0026] Preferably, if braking energy recovery is selected, the moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system further includes a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) rectifier and an energy storage device. The PWM rectifier is connected between the mover coil and the energy storage device. The energy storage device can be a supercapacitor. The PWM rectifier can feed the induced electrical energy back to the grid or store it in the energy storage device. The specific energy recovery structure is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. Alternatively, the energy generated during braking can also be dissipated as heat, but forced air cooling / liquid cooling is required for heat dissipation. This method is kinetic energy → electrical energy → Joule heat (dissipated through the braking resistor), which is simple and reliable, but wasteful of energy.

[0027] This utility model mainly consists of three parallel conductive rails (phase A conductive rail, phase B guide rail, and phase C guide rail), laid along the entire length of the launch track. The launch track adopts a segmented power supply method, divided into an acceleration section (power supply) and a deceleration section (short circuit). Each phase rail in the acceleration section is isolated from the others by a high-strength insulating support to prevent phase-to-phase short circuits; the three phases in the deceleration section are mutually short-circuited. Based on the movement of the mover coil, the power supply device controls the contactor's switch, which switches the power supply to either the acceleration or deceleration section.

[0028] The permanent magnet array of the stator is laid along the track, generating a strong magnetic field. The mover coil makes sliding contact with the A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail through independent collector brushes, drawing power in real time. When current is applied, it generates a reverse magnetic field, which interacts with the stator to form a Lorentz force. When the mover enters the deceleration section, the fourth contactor K4, the fifth contactor K5, and the sixth contactor K6, which control the power supply to the deceleration section, close. The output terminals of the A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail are short-circuited, forming a low-impedance circuit, making the mover coil a "generator".

[0029] Electromagnetic braking principle: The moving coil continues to move due to inertia, cutting the stator magnetic field and generating a reverse current in the moving coil (I=-vBL / R). This current generates Joule heat in the short-circuit circuit (P=I²R), and simultaneously generates a reverse braking force (F=-I×B×L).

[0030] The working process of the moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of this utility model is as follows:

[0031] ① Catapult acceleration phase:

[0032] The power supply unit controls the closure of the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, and the third contactor K3, outputting frequency-converted three-phase AC power to the current-collecting rails (phase A conductive rail, phase B guide rail, and phase C guide rail) in the acceleration section. The collector brushes on the mover coil slide in contact with the current-collecting rails (phase A conductive rail, phase B guide rail, and phase C guide rail), supplying power to the mover coil. The three-phase current generates a rotating magnetic field in the mover coil, which interacts with the stator magnetic field to produce a unidirectional thrust, propelling the mover to accelerate. The mover speed can be adjusted by regulating the frequency / amplitude of the three-phase current to achieve constant or variable acceleration.

[0033] ②Deceleration and braking phase:

[0034] As the mover enters the deceleration section, the power supply unit disconnects the switches of the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, and the third contactor K3, cutting off the power supply to the current-collecting rails (phase A conductive rail, phase B guide rail, and phase C guide rail) in the acceleration section. Simultaneously, the fourth contactor K4, the fifth contactor K5, the sixth contactor K6, the seventh contactor K7, and the eighth contactor K8 are closed, short-circuiting the three-phase current-collecting rails (phase A conductive rail, phase B guide rail, and phase C guide rail) in the deceleration section. At this time, the mover continues its inertial motion, and the mover coil cuts the stator magnetic field, inducing a three-phase short-circuit current. The direction of the current is opposite to the ejection direction, generating a reverse braking force.

[0035] The following are examples of implementations of this utility model:

[0036] Taking electromagnetic catapult drones as an example: During the catapult phase, the energy storage capacitor discharges, driving the linear motor (stator) to accelerate the drone to takeoff speed.

[0037] During the braking phase, after the drone detaches, the mover coil continues to move due to inertia. This triggers short-circuit braking, generating a reverse current and rapidly decelerating the drone to a stop. Some of the braking energy is stored back in the capacitor, while the remaining energy is dissipated through the braking resistor.

[0038] The advantages of using short-circuit braking include: fast braking response (millisecond level), no mechanical wear, energy recovery, and reduced system power consumption. It is suitable for high-frequency, high-precision braking scenarios.

[0039] This utility model relates to a moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system. By controlling the closing of the second and third switch groups in the deceleration section (where the closing of the second switch group supplies power to the three-phase current-collecting rails of the deceleration section, and the closing of the third switch group short-circuits the three-phase current-collecting rails of the deceleration section), the output ends of the A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail of the deceleration section are short-circuited, forming a low-impedance loop. The current direction is opposite to the catapult direction, generating a reverse braking force to achieve braking. By directly short-circuiting the A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail with the third switch group, an extremely fast response speed braking rotor coil can be achieved, solving the technical problems of slow response and high maintenance costs in existing braking systems. This invention's short-circuit braking converts kinetic energy into electrical or thermal energy through electromagnetic induction, eliminating mechanical contact and avoiding the overheating and wear problems associated with friction braking, which relies on physical contact. Furthermore, since short-circuit braking uses no friction materials, it is unaffected by ambient humidity and can be used in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. In high-load scenarios, it can handle instantaneous currents without the risk of mechanical overload. This invention's three-phase current-collecting rails (A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail) and coils are used for both acceleration and deceleration, saving hardware costs.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system, characterized in that, It includes a power supply device, an A-phase conductive rail, a B-phase conductive rail, a C-phase conductive rail, a first switch group, a second switch group, a third switch group, a moving coil, and multiple stators; the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are laid parallel to the launch track, and the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are divided into acceleration sections and deceleration sections; The power supply device is connected to the acceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail via a first switch group, and the power supply device is connected to the deceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail via a second switch group; the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are short-circuited in the deceleration section via a third switch group; multiple stators are laid along the catapult track array, and the mover coil slides in contact with the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail respectively via collector brushes.

2. The moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first switch group includes a first contactor (K1), a second contactor (K2), and a third contactor (K3). The power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the first contactor (K1), the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the second contactor (K2), and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the third contactor (K3).

3. The moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second switch group includes a fourth contactor (K4), a fifth contactor (K5), and a sixth contactor (K6). The power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fourth contactor (K4), the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fifth contactor (K5), and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the sixth contactor (K6).

4. The moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third switch group includes a seventh contactor (K7) and a sixth contactor (K6). The A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited to the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the seventh contactor (K7), and the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited to the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the eighth contactor (K8).

5. The moving-coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a PWM rectifier and an energy storage device, wherein the PWM rectifier is connected between the mover coil and the energy storage device.

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