Tunnel drainage structure

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a tunnel drainage structure. The tunnel drainage structure includes a main tunnel and a pilot tunnel. The main tunnel includes a section to be excavated. The bottom surface of the pilot tunnel is lower than the bottom surface of the main tunnel. Water collection boreholes are provided on the sidewalls of the pilot tunnel, with at least some of the ends of the water collection boreholes extending into the section to be excavated in the main tunnel. The tunnel drainage structure of this utility model, by setting a pilot tunnel on the side of the section to be excavated in the main tunnel and setting water collection boreholes on the sidewalls of the pilot tunnel, can reduce the groundwater content and pressure in the section to be excavated in the main tunnel, thereby reducing the probability of water and mud inrush during the excavation of the main tunnel. Setting the bottom surface of the pilot tunnel lower than the bottom surface of the main tunnel can prevent or reduce the flow of groundwater into the main tunnel, which is beneficial to ensuring the safety of construction personnel. The tunnel drainage structure of this utility model is suitable for situations where the main tunnel passes through a groundwater zone or groundwater layer area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a tunnel drainage structure. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction, it is common to encounter situations where the main tunnel passes through underground aquifers. Current technology usually involves drilling water exploratory boreholes at the tunnel face to detect the groundwater situation ahead, and then drilling advance drainage holes to guide the groundwater out. However, when the groundwater volume or pressure is too high, drilling advance drainage holes at the tunnel face may cause sudden water and mud inrushes, endangering the safety of construction workers. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the problem in the prior art that drilling advanced drainage holes from the tunnel face may cause water and mud inrush, endangering the safety of construction personnel, and to provide a tunnel drainage structure.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a tunnel drainage structure, including a main tunnel and a pilot tunnel, wherein the main tunnel includes a section to be excavated, the bottom surface of the pilot tunnel is lower than the bottom surface of the main tunnel, and the sidewall of the pilot tunnel is provided with water collection boreholes, at least a portion of the ends of the water collection boreholes extending to the section to be excavated in the main tunnel.

[0005] The tunnel drainage structure described in this utility model involves setting up a pilot tunnel on the side of the section to be excavated in the main tunnel, and setting water collection boreholes on the sidewall of the pilot tunnel. The water collection boreholes can reduce the groundwater content and pressure in the section to be excavated in the main tunnel, thereby reducing the probability of water and mud inrush during the excavation of the main tunnel. Setting the bottom of the pilot tunnel lower than the bottom of the main tunnel can prevent or reduce the flow of groundwater into the main tunnel, which is beneficial to ensuring the safety of construction personnel. The tunnel drainage structure described in this utility model is suitable for working conditions where the main tunnel passes through a groundwater zone or groundwater layer area.

[0006] Preferably, the pilot tunnel is connected to the main tunnel excavation section via a cross passage.

[0007] Preferably, the guide hole is parallel to the main hole.

[0008] Preferably, at least a portion of the end of the water collection borehole extends above the section of the main tunnel to be excavated.

[0009] Preferably, a guide pit is excavated on the side wall of the horizontal guide tunnel, the guide pit is located between the horizontal guide tunnel and the section of the main tunnel to be excavated, and the head end of the water collection borehole is set on the wall of the guide pit.

[0010] Preferably, a second working face is provided in the pilot tunnel, the second working face facing the section of the main tunnel to be excavated, and the head end of the water collection borehole is located on the top surface of the pilot tunnel and / or the second working face.

[0011] Preferably, the water collection borehole is inclined, and the head end of the water collection borehole is located below the inclination.

[0012] Preferably, the pilot tunnel is provided with a first working face, and the first working face is provided with a water outlet probe hole and an advanced drainage hole, the advanced drainage hole being inclined upward from the first working face.

[0013] Preferably, at least three of the advanced drainage holes are arranged around the water outlet probe.

[0014] Preferably, the water outlet probe is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the horizontal guide tunnel.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0016] The tunnel drainage structure described in this utility model involves setting up a pilot tunnel on the side of the section to be excavated in the main tunnel, and setting water collection boreholes on the sidewall of the pilot tunnel. The water collection boreholes can reduce the groundwater content and pressure in the section to be excavated in the main tunnel, thereby reducing the probability of water and mud inrush during the excavation of the main tunnel. Setting the bottom of the pilot tunnel lower than the bottom of the main tunnel can prevent or reduce the flow of groundwater into the main tunnel, which is beneficial to ensuring the safety of construction personnel. The tunnel drainage structure described in this utility model is suitable for working conditions where the main tunnel passes through a groundwater zone or groundwater layer area. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a side view of the pilot tunnel described in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a front view of the first working face in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first arrangement of the water collection boreholes described in the embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a second arrangement of the water collection boreholes described in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the transverse passage described in the embodiments of this application.

[0022] Marked in the image:

[0023] 1-The section of the main tunnel to be excavated;

[0024] 2-Pilot tunnel;

[0025] 21-First working face;

[0026] 3-Water outlet probe;

[0027] 4-Advanced drainage holes;

[0028] 5-Water collection borehole;

[0029] 51 - Head end; 52 - End end;

[0030] 6-Guide pit;

[0031] 61-Second working face;

[0032] 7-Horizontal channel. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of this utility model is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the utility model solution or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0035] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0036] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0037] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this utility model, "several", "multiple", and "several" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0038] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "equipped with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0039] Example

[0040] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in a first aspect, the embodiments of this application provide a tunnel drainage structure, including a main tunnel and a pilot tunnel 2. The main tunnel includes a section to be excavated 1 and a section to be excavated. The excavation progress of the pilot tunnel 2 is faster than that of the main tunnel, that is, the working face of the pilot tunnel 2 corresponds to the section to be excavated 1 of the main tunnel.

[0041] In some embodiments, the working face of the pilot tunnel 2 is defined as the first working face 21. The first working face 21 is provided with a water outlet 3 and an advance drainage hole 4. The advance drainage hole 4 is inclined upward from the first working face 21. That is, the end of the advance drainage hole 4 away from the first working face 21 is higher than the end of the advance drainage hole 4 near the first working face 21, so that groundwater can flow into the pilot tunnel 2 along the advance drainage hole 4, so as to drain the groundwater in front of the pilot tunnel 2 at the excavation location as much as possible and reduce the excavation risk of the pilot tunnel 2.

[0042] Preferably, the water outlet borehole 3 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the horizontal guide tunnel 2, and the water outlet borehole 3 is set horizontally. Its function is to initially detect the groundwater content in front, and setting it horizontally can reduce the amount of groundwater inflow.

[0043] In some embodiments, the sidewall of the pilot tunnel 2 is provided with water collection boreholes 5, and at least part of the end 52 of the water collection boreholes 5 extends to the section 1 to be excavated in the main tunnel.

[0044] The end 52 of the water collection borehole 5 refers to the end of the water collection borehole 5 away from the pilot tunnel 2. By drilling the water collection borehole 5 on the side wall of the pilot tunnel 2 and extending the end 52 of the water collection borehole 5 to the section 1 to be excavated in the main tunnel, the groundwater content and pressure of the section 1 to be excavated in the main tunnel can be reduced by using the pilot tunnel 2 and the water collection borehole 5, thereby reducing the probability of water and mud inrush during the excavation of the main tunnel.

[0045] In some embodiments, the bottom surface of the pilot tunnel 2 is lower than the bottom surface of the section 1 to be excavated in the main tunnel, which facilitates the flow of groundwater along the water collection borehole 5 to the pilot tunnel 2 and can prevent or reduce the flow of groundwater into the main tunnel, thus benefiting the safety of construction personnel.

[0046] In some embodiments, the pilot tunnel 2 is parallel to the main tunnel and also parallel to the section of the main tunnel to be excavated 1.

[0047] In some embodiments, the pilot tunnel 2 is further connected to the main tunnel excavation section via a cross passage 7. When constructing the main tunnel, if it is found that there is a groundwater zone or groundwater layer in the section 1 to be excavated in the main tunnel, the pilot tunnel 2 can be excavated on one side of the main tunnel. Specifically, the cross passage 7 can be excavated from the side wall of the main tunnel excavation section until it is a certain distance away from the main tunnel. Then, the pilot tunnel 2 parallel to the main tunnel is excavated at the end of the cross passage 7. The location of the pilot tunnel 2 should take into account the groundwater volume, water pressure, and the location of the water outlet, so that the pilot tunnel 2 avoids groundwater as much as possible to ensure the construction safety of the pilot tunnel 2.

[0048] Preferably, multiple transverse passages 7 can be constructed during the excavation of the pilot tunnel 2 to connect with the main tunnel, serving as escape routes for construction personnel. Furthermore, the transverse passages 7 are inclined longitudinally to both the pilot tunnel 2 and the main tunnel, and the inclination directions of adjacent transverse passages 7 are opposite, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0049] In some embodiments, at least part of the end 52 of the water collection borehole 5 extends above the section 1 to be excavated in the main tunnel, in order to drain the groundwater above the section 1 to be excavated in the main tunnel.

[0050] In some embodiments, a pilot pit 6 is excavated on the side wall of the horizontal pilot tunnel 2. The pilot pit 6 is located between the horizontal pilot tunnel 2 and the section to be excavated in the main tunnel 1. The pilot pit 6 protrudes from the side wall of the horizontal pilot tunnel 2, and the water collection borehole 5 is set in the pilot pit 6.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, the pilot tunnel 6 can be perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the horizontal pilot tunnel 2. The pilot tunnel 6 can be formed by excavating from the side wall of the horizontal pilot tunnel 2. In this embodiment, the working face of the pilot tunnel 6 is defined as the second working face 61, and the second working face 61 faces the section 1 to be excavated in the main tunnel.

[0052] In some embodiments, the water collection borehole 5 further has a head end 51 and an end end 52 distributed along its length, and the head end 51 of the water collection borehole 5 is disposed on the wall surface of the guide pit 6; specifically, the head end 51 of the water collection borehole 5 is disposed on the top surface of the guide pit 6 and / or the second working face 61.

[0053] Preferably, the water collection borehole 5 is inclined, and the head end 51 of the water collection borehole 5 is located below the inclination, so that the groundwater flows along the water collection borehole 5 to the horizontal guide tunnel 2 or the guide pit 6.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, at least three advanced drainage holes 4 are arranged around the water outlet probe hole 3.

[0055] In a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide a construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Excavating the main tunnel forms the main tunnel excavation section;

[0057] When a local aquifer is detected ahead, a transverse passage 7 is excavated from the side wall of the main tunnel excavation section, and then a pilot tunnel 2 is excavated from the end of the transverse passage 7. The working face of the pilot tunnel 2 is excavated before the working face of the main tunnel at the same cross section.

[0058] Water collection boreholes 5 are drilled from the side wall of the pilot tunnel 2. The end 52 of part of the water collection boreholes 5 extends to the section 1 to be excavated in the main tunnel, and the end 52 of part of the water collection boreholes 5 extends above the section 1 to be excavated in the main tunnel.

[0059] Excavation of the main tunnel, section 1 to be excavated.

[0060] The arrangement, length, and number of holes in the attached drawings of this embodiment are for illustrative purposes only. The specific arrangement should be determined based on comprehensive advanced geological forecasts and the surrounding rock conditions, water volume, and water pressure revealed by excavation, and adjusted and optimized according to the drainage effect [water volume and water pressure attenuation].

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A tunnel drainage structure, characterized in that, It includes a main tunnel and a pilot tunnel (2), the main tunnel includes a section to be excavated (1), the bottom surface of the pilot tunnel (2) is lower than the bottom surface of the main tunnel, and the side wall of the pilot tunnel (2) is provided with a water collection borehole (5), at least part of the end (52) of the water collection borehole (5) extends to the section to be excavated (1) of the main tunnel.

2. The tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pilot tunnel (2) is connected to the main tunnel excavation section via a cross passage (7).

3. The tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide tunnel (2) is parallel to the main tunnel.

4. The tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least part of the end (52) of the water collection borehole (5) extends above the section (1) to be excavated in the main tunnel.

5. The tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the horizontal guide tunnel (2) is excavated with a guide pit (6), which is located between the horizontal guide tunnel (2) and the section to be excavated in the main tunnel (1). The head end (51) of the water collection borehole (5) is set on the wall of the guide pit (6).

6. The tunnel drainage structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pilot tunnel (6) is provided with a second working face (61), which faces the section (1) to be excavated in the main tunnel. The head end (51) of the water collection borehole (5) is located on the top surface of the pilot tunnel (6) and / or the second working face (61).

7. The tunnel drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water collection borehole (5) is inclined, and the head end (51) of the water collection borehole (5) is located below the inclination.

8. The tunnel drainage structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The guide tunnel (2) is provided with a first working face (21), and the first working face (21) is provided with a water outlet probe (3) and an advanced drainage hole (4). The advanced drainage hole (4) is set inclined upward from the first working face (21).

9. The tunnel drainage structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, At least three of the aforementioned advanced drainage holes (4) are arranged around the water outlet probe (3).

10. The tunnel drainage structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The water outlet probe (3) is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the guide tunnel (2).

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