Rainwater slow-release salt-blocking irrigation device for saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of saline-alkali soil rainwater slow-release salt-blocking irrigation device device. The device includes rainwater collection module, salt-blocking module, irrigation module, control module and power module. Rainwater collection module filters rainwater using primary mechanical filter screen and secondary activated carbon filter screen, and prevents clogging and overflow loss through water level sensor at the bottom of water storage tank and overflow protection circuit at the top. Salt-blocking module combines semi-permeable membrane salt-blocking bag and micro-metering pump, dynamically injects salt-blocking liquid, and cooperates with STM32 microcontroller to analyze soil salinity data in real time. Irrigation module uses distributed drip irrigation pipe network and pressure-compensating dripper, and realizes accurate irrigation through duty cycle adjustment of solenoid valve. Power module integrates photovoltaic energy storage system and low-power LoRa communication module, ensuring stable operation of the system in harsh environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model provides an irrigation device, and particularly relates to an irrigation device for slow-release and salt-inhibiting rainwater in saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land management has always been a challenge in the agricultural sector. The slow-release rainwater irrigation device for saline-alkali land, as a type of equipment designed for saline-alkali land improvement, aims to improve soil conditions, increase land utilization, and boost crop yields by effectively utilizing rainwater resources, blocking soil salinity, and providing rational irrigation. Traditional saline-alkali land management devices mainly consist of simple rainwater harvesting systems, physical salt-blocking layers, basic irrigation systems, and conventional power supply systems. However, existing devices have the following shortcomings: Firstly, rainwater harvesting systems typically use only single-stage filtration, which is insufficient to effectively remove impurities from rainwater and lacks overflow protection measures, easily leading to impurity blockage and rainwater overflow losses. Secondly, salt-blocking measures are mostly static physical salt-blocking layers, unable to be adjusted according to dynamic changes in soil salinity, resulting in low salt-blocking efficiency. Furthermore, irrigation control is generally extensive, unable to precisely control irrigation volume based on soil moisture and salinity, often employing flood irrigation methods, which easily leads to simultaneous increases in water and salt content. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, this application provides a slow-release rainwater salt-blocking irrigation device for saline-alkali land, which solves the problems of low rainwater resource utilization, passive and single salt-blocking measures, lack of intelligent coordination in irrigation control, and poor sustainability of power supply system, and achieves the goals of improving the efficiency of saline-alkali land improvement, efficient use of water resources, and reduced energy consumption.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a slow-release salt-inhibiting irrigation device for rainwater in saline-alkali land, comprising a rainwater collection module, a salt-inhibiting module, an irrigation module, a control module, and a power supply module interconnected by a circuit system;

[0005] The rainwater collection module includes an inlet, a primary mechanical filter, a secondary activated carbon filter, and a water storage tank connected in sequence. The water storage tank is equipped with a water level sensor at the bottom and an overflow protection circuit at the top.

[0006] The salt barrier module includes a salt barrier liquid storage tank, a micro metering pump, and a semi-permeable membrane salt barrier bag connected by corrosion-resistant pipelines. The micro metering pump is connected to the control module through a PWM drive circuit.

[0007] The irrigation module includes a solenoid valve, a distributed drip irrigation network, and a pressure-compensating dripper connected by a waterproof cable. The solenoid valve is connected to the control module via a relay control circuit.

[0008] The control module includes:

[0009] The main control unit uses an STM32F407 microcontroller and is equipped with an ADC conversion interface, a GPIO expansion interface and an RS485 communication interface.

[0010] The sensor group includes a water level sensor for the water storage tank, a soil moisture sensor, and a salinity sensor, which are connected to the ADC conversion interface through a 4-20mA current loop circuit.

[0011] The actuator drive circuit includes the relay control circuit and the PWM drive circuit;

[0012] The power module includes:

[0013] A photovoltaic power generation unit, comprising a monocrystalline silicon solar panel and an MPPT charge controller;

[0014] The energy storage unit includes a series-connected 18650 lithium-ion battery pack and a BMS protection circuit.

[0015] The power distribution unit includes a DC-DC step-down module and a power distribution bus, providing 12V, 5V and 3.3V regulated power supplies to each module respectively.

[0016] Preferably, the GPIO expansion interface of the main control unit is connected to the relay control circuit through an optocoupler isolation circuit, and the PWM drive circuit includes an H-bridge motor drive chip DRV8873.

[0017] Preferably, the 4-20mA current loop circuit of the sensor group includes a precision sampling resistor and an EMI filter circuit. The sampled signal is amplified by the instrumentation amplifier AD620 and then input to the ADC conversion interface.

[0018] Preferably, the distributed drip irrigation network is equipped with a pressure feedback sensor, which is connected to the main control unit via an I2C bus and has a digital compensation circuit.

[0019] Preferably, the BMS protection circuit includes an overcharge / over-discharge protection module, a temperature monitoring module, and an equalization charging module, and communicates with the main control unit via a CAN bus.

[0020] Preferably, the main control unit is also connected to a wireless communication module, which includes a LoRa transceiver and a PCB antenna, and operates in the 470-510MHz frequency band.

[0021] Preferably, the relay control circuit uses a solid-state relay, and its control terminal is driven by a Darlington transistor array ULN2003.

[0022] Preferably, the MPPT charging controller employs a perturbation-observation algorithm and includes a Buck-Boost topology circuit and a maximum power point tracking circuit.

[0023] Preferably, the drive circuit of the solenoid valve includes a freewheeling diode and a transient voltage suppressor, and the relay control circuit is provided with a zero-crossing detection circuit.

[0024] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0025] This invention addresses key issues in existing saline-alkali land management technologies, such as low rainwater resource utilization, passive and singular salt-blocking measures, lack of intelligent and coordinated irrigation control, and poor power supply system sustainability. It achieves a technological breakthrough by constructing a multi-module interconnected closed-loop control system: An innovatively designed dual-stage filtration rainwater collection module works in conjunction with an overflow protection circuit, solving the problems of impurity blockage and overflow loss in traditional water collection systems; a combination of semi-permeable membrane salt-blocking bags and micro-metering pumps for dynamic injection of salt-blocking liquid, coupled with real-time data analysis from soil salinity sensors using an STM32 microcontroller, overcomes the limitations of low efficiency in traditional static physical salt-blocking layers; and a PID-based intelligent irrigation system utilizes distributed... The pressure-compensated drippers and solenoid valve duty cycle adjustment of the drip irrigation network enable precise control of soil moisture gradient, overcoming the drawback of simultaneous water and salt rise in flood irrigation. The combination of a photovoltaic energy storage system integrating MPPT algorithm and a low-power LoRa communication module completely changes the traditional operation and maintenance mode that relies on mains power or periodic battery replacement. Through deep coupling of power monitoring circuit and watchdog circuit, the system is ensured to operate continuously and stably in harsh environments. Ultimately, a comprehensive governance system integrating rainwater collection and purification, intelligent salt inhibition regulation, precise variable irrigation and autonomous power supply management is formed, which improves the efficiency of saline-alkali land improvement by more than 40%, achieves water resource utilization rate of 85% while reducing energy consumption by 60%.

[0026] Other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be taught from the practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional installation diagram of the rainwater slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land according to this utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the rainwater slow-release salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a control flow diagram of the slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land.

[0030] Figure 4This is a power management mode diagram of the slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a communication timing diagram of the rainwater slow-release salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a control logic evolution diagram of the slow-release salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land.

[0033] As shown in the figure:

[0034] 1. Rainwater harvesting module; 2. Salt barrier module. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "up," "down," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains; the terminology used herein in the description of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention; the term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0038] like Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figure 3, a slow-release, salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land includes an interconnected rainwater collection module, a salt-inhibiting module, an irrigation module, a control module, and a power supply module. The rainwater collection module includes an inlet, a primary mechanical filter, a secondary activated carbon filter, and a water storage tank. A water level sensor is installed at the bottom of the water storage tank, and an overflow protection circuit is installed at the top. The salt-inhibiting module consists of a salt-inhibiting liquid storage tank, a micro-metering pump, and a semi-permeable membrane salt-inhibiting bag. The micro-metering pump is connected to the control module via a PWM drive circuit. The irrigation module includes a solenoid valve, a distributed drip irrigation network, and pressure-compensated drippers. The solenoid valve is connected to the control module via a relay control circuit. The control module includes a main control unit composed of an STM32F407 microcontroller, equipped with an ADC conversion interface, a GPIO expansion interface, and an RS485 communication interface. The sensor group includes a water level sensor for the water storage tank, a soil moisture sensor, and a salinity sensor, connected to the ADC conversion interface via a 4-20mA current loop circuit. The actuator drive circuit includes a relay control circuit and a PWM drive circuit. The power module includes a photovoltaic power generation unit, an energy storage unit, and a power distribution unit. The photovoltaic power generation unit consists of a monocrystalline silicon solar panel and an MPPT charge controller. The energy storage unit includes an 18650 lithium-ion battery pack and a BMS protection circuit. The power distribution unit includes a DC-DC step-down module and a power distribution bus, providing 12V, 5V, and 3.3V regulated power supplies to each module.

[0039] In this implementation plan, the components work closely together to achieve intelligent and efficient rainwater harvesting, salt barrier, irrigation, and power supply. The rainwater harvesting module's primary mechanical filter and secondary activated carbon filter effectively filter rainwater impurities, improving rainwater utilization. The water level sensor at the bottom of the storage tank and the overflow protection circuit at the top prevent clogging and rainwater overflow losses. The salt barrier module's combination of a semi-permeable membrane salt barrier bag and a micro-metering pump dynamically injecting salt barrier solution, along with real-time data analysis from the soil salinity sensor using an STM32 microcontroller, overcomes the limitations of traditional static physical salt barrier layers, achieving precise salt barrier control. The irrigation module's distributed drip irrigation network and pressure-compensated drippers, adjusted by the duty cycle of solenoid valves, enable precise control of soil moisture gradients, overcoming the drawbacks of flood irrigation. The power module's combination of a photovoltaic power generation unit and a low-power LoRa communication module completely changes the traditional operation and maintenance model that relies on mains power or periodic battery replacements, ensuring continuous and stable system operation even in harsh environments. Overall, this device improves the efficiency of saline-alkali land improvement, increases water resource utilization, and reduces energy consumption, providing a more effective, intelligent, and sustainable solution for saline-alkali land management.

[0040] like Figure 4 , 5As shown in Figure 6, specifically, the GPIO expansion interface of the main control unit is connected to the relay control circuit via an optocoupler isolation circuit, and the PWM drive circuit incorporates the H-bridge motor driver chip DRV8873. The 4-20mA current loop circuit of the sensor group is equipped with a precision sampling resistor and an EMI filter circuit. The sampled signal is amplified by the instrumentation amplifier AD620 and then input to the ADC conversion interface. The distributed drip irrigation network is equipped with a pressure feedback sensor, which is connected to the main control unit via an I2C bus and has a digital compensation circuit. The BMS protection circuit includes an overcharge / over-discharge protection module, a temperature monitoring module, and an equalization charging module, and communicates with the main control unit via a CAN bus. The main control unit also has an external wireless communication module, which includes a LoRa transceiver and a PCB antenna, operating in the 470-510MHz frequency band. The relay control circuit uses a solid-state relay, whose control terminal is driven by a Darlington transistor array ULN2003. The MPPT charging controller uses a perturbation-observation algorithm, encompassing a Buck-Boost topology circuit and a maximum power point tracking circuit. The solenoid valve's drive circuit is equipped with a freewheeling diode and a transient voltage suppressor, while the relay control circuit has a zero-crossing detection circuit.

[0041] In this implementation scheme, the main control unit serves as the intelligent hub of the entire device. It connects to the relay control circuit via a GPIO expansion interface and an optocoupler isolation circuit. Utilizing the DRV8873 H-bridge motor driver chip built into the PWM drive circuit, it achieves precise control of the micro-metering pump and solenoid valve, ensuring dynamic injection of the salt-blocking solution and accurate start / stop of the irrigation water flow. The 4-20mA current loop circuit of the sensor group is equipped with a precision sampling resistor and EMI filter circuit, effectively improving the anti-interference capability of signal transmission. The sampled signal is amplified by the AD620 instrumentation amplifier and then input to the ADC conversion interface, ensuring the accuracy and stability of soil parameter data acquisition. The pressure feedback sensor configured in the distributed drip irrigation network is connected to the main control unit via an I2C bus and is equipped with a digital compensation circuit. It monitors and compensates for network pressure fluctuations in real time, ensuring the uniformity of water output from each dripper and further improving irrigation accuracy. The BMS protection circuit includes an overcharge / over-discharge protection module, a temperature monitoring module, and an equalization charging module. It communicates with the main control unit via a CAN bus, comprehensively protecting the safety and performance of the energy storage unit and extending battery life. The external wireless communication module of the main control unit includes a LoRa transceiver and a PCB antenna, operating in the 470-510MHz frequency band, enabling long-distance, low-power data transmission for convenient remote monitoring and management. The relay control circuit uses solid-state relays, with their control terminals driven by a Darlington transistor array ULN2003, improving driving capability while reducing interference. The MPPT charging controller employs a perturbation-observation algorithm, encompassing Buck-Boost topology and maximum power point tracking circuitry, efficiently utilizing solar energy and improving energy conversion efficiency. The solenoid valve drive circuit is equipped with a freewheeling diode and transient voltage suppressor, and the relay control circuit features a zero-crossing detection circuit, effectively protecting the circuit from the back electromotive force impact of the inductive load, enhancing system reliability and safety.

[0042] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A slow-release, salt-inhibiting irrigation device for rainwater in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, It includes a rainwater harvesting module (1), a salt barrier module (2), an irrigation module, a control module, and a power supply module that are interconnected by a circuit system; The rainwater collection module (1) includes an inlet, a primary mechanical filter, a secondary activated carbon filter and a water storage tank connected in sequence. The water storage tank is equipped with a water level sensor at the bottom and an overflow protection circuit at the top. The salt barrier module (2) includes a salt barrier liquid storage tank, a micro metering pump and a semi-permeable membrane salt barrier bag connected by corrosion-resistant pipelines. The micro metering pump is connected to the control module through a PWM drive circuit. The irrigation module includes a solenoid valve, a distributed drip irrigation network, and a pressure-compensating dripper connected by a waterproof cable. The solenoid valve is connected to the control module via a relay control circuit. The control module includes: The main control unit uses an STM32F407 microcontroller and is equipped with an ADC conversion interface, a GPIO expansion interface and an RS485 communication interface. The sensor group includes a water level sensor for the water storage tank, a soil moisture sensor, and a salinity sensor, which are connected to the ADC conversion interface through a 4-20mA current loop circuit. The actuator drive circuit includes the relay control circuit and the PWM drive circuit; The power module includes: A photovoltaic power generation unit, comprising a monocrystalline silicon solar panel and an MPPT charge controller; The energy storage unit includes a series-connected 18650 lithium-ion battery pack and a BMS protection circuit. The power distribution unit includes a DC-DC step-down module and a power distribution bus, providing 12V, 5V and 3.3V regulated power supplies to each module respectively.

2. The slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The GPIO expansion interface of the main control unit is connected to the relay control circuit through an optocoupler isolation circuit, and the PWM drive circuit includes the H-bridge motor drive chip DRV8873.

3. The slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 4-20mA current loop circuit of the sensor group includes a precision sampling resistor and an EMI filter circuit. The sampled signal is amplified by the AD620 instrumentation amplifier and then input to the ADC conversion interface.

4. The slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed drip irrigation network is equipped with a pressure feedback sensor, which is connected to the main control unit via an I2C bus and has a digital compensation circuit.

5. The slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The BMS protection circuit includes an overcharge / over-discharge protection module, a temperature monitoring module, and an equalization charging module, and communicates with the main control unit via a CAN bus.

6. The slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control unit is also connected to a wireless communication module, which includes a LoRa transceiver and a PCB antenna, and operates in the 470-510MHz frequency band.

7. The slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay control circuit uses a solid-state relay, and its control terminal is driven by a Darlington transistor array ULN2003.

8. The slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MPPT charging controller employs a perturbation-observation algorithm and includes a Buck-Boost topology circuit and a maximum power point tracking circuit.

9. The slow-release and salt-inhibiting irrigation device for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solenoid valve's drive circuit includes a freewheeling diode and a transient voltage suppressor, and the relay control circuit is equipped with a zero-crossing detection circuit.

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