Railway special heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance

Abstract

This application relates to the field of railway engineering technology, and in particular to a railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance. The heat exchanger includes a positioning plate, a heat exchange mechanism at its bottom, and a receiving cavity shell at its bottom. This application utilizes components such as an electrically controlled lifting rod, a piston plate, and a preheating cavity shell to dynamically adjust the upper and lower cavity volumes of the preheating cavity by moving the piston plate up and down. When the electrically controlled lifting rod drives the piston plate to change the cavity volume, the storage amount and flow space of the fluid within the preheating cavity can be flexibly controlled. This allows the device to optimize the preheating process of the fluid through volume adjustment, improving preheating efficiency and enhancing overall heat exchange performance. Through the connection and cooperation between the distribution ring and the heat exchange tubes, the distribution ring can evenly distribute the coolant through its internal guiding channels, allowing the coolant to flow into each spiral cooling tube.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of railway engineering technology, and in particular to a railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance. Background Technology

[0002] In the railway transportation sector, with the increasing speed of locomotives and the widespread application of high-power equipment, the large amount of heat generated during system operation, if not dissipated in a timely manner, will seriously affect equipment performance and operational safety. Traditional railway heat exchangers mostly adopt fixed-volume heat exchange chambers and simple straight-tube heat exchange structures, which have obvious limitations when facing dynamic heat load changes under complex locomotive operating conditions.

[0003] Fixed-volume heat exchange chambers make it difficult to adjust the coolant storage and preheating level according to the actual heat load. When the heat load fluctuates drastically due to changes in operating conditions such as locomotive starting, acceleration, or braking, insufficient heat exchange or excessive coolant flow can easily occur, leading to energy waste. Straight-tube heat exchangers have limited heat exchange area and a single coolant flow pattern, which cannot effectively promote heat exchange, resulting in low heat transfer efficiency and failing to meet the stringent requirements of high-efficiency heat dissipation in railway transportation. In addition, existing heat exchangers lack effective mechanisms for utilizing and dissipating heat from the outer shell, causing heat accumulation and further reducing overall heat dissipation efficiency.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the inventors have discovered the following drawbacks: Existing devices lack designs similar to electrically controlled lifting rods and piston plates, making it impossible to flexibly adjust the preheating chamber volume according to different working conditions and heat transfer requirements. This results in insufficient preheating in some situations, affecting overall heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, the heat exchange tube design is simplistic: existing devices may not employ a circumferential array of multiple spiral cooling tubes, leading to a smaller contact area and insufficient heat exchange between the coolant and the medium to be exchanged, thus reducing heat exchange efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, this application provides a railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance.

[0006] This application provides a railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance, which adopts the following technical solution: A railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance includes a positioning plate, a heat exchange mechanism is provided at the bottom of the positioning plate, and a receiving cavity shell is provided at the bottom of the heat exchange mechanism.

[0007] A heat exchange mechanism includes an adjustment component for adjusting the volume of the preheating chamber and a heat exchange component. The heat exchange mechanism includes a preheating chamber formed by a preheating chamber shell, a sealing top plate, and a sealing bottom plate, and a piston plate movably installed inside the preheating chamber. The piston plate is fixedly installed at the output end of an electrically controlled lifting rod, which is fixedly installed on the top of a positioning plate. The electrically controlled lifting rod drives the piston plate to move, adjusting the volume of the upper and lower independent cavities of the preheating chamber, thereby controlling the fluid state and volume within the preheating chamber. The piston plate divides the preheating chamber into upper and lower independent cavities, and the volume of the two independent cavities is adjusted by the piston plate driven by the electrically controlled lifting rod.

[0008] Optionally, the heat exchange mechanism comprises a heat exchange chamber consisting of a preheating chamber shell, a sealing shell, and a flow divider ring, and heat exchange tubes for conveying coolant. The heat exchange tubes are composed of multiple spiral cooling tubes arranged in a circumferential array inside the heat exchange chamber. These tubes, used to convey coolant, achieve cooling or heating of the fluid through heat exchange between the coolant and the surrounding fluid, and are a key component for the heat exchanger to perform its heat exchange function. The heat exchange tubes are connected to the flow divider ring.

[0009] Optionally, the sealing base plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the preheating chamber shell, and a one-way valve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sealing base plate. The sealing base plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the preheating chamber shell, sealing the lower part of the preheating chamber, and providing support for the installation of the one-way valve and the first circulation pump. The first circulation pump is connected to one side of the sealing base plate, and the first circulation pump is connected to both the sealing base plate and the heat exchange chamber.

[0010] Optionally, the heat exchange mechanism further includes a second circulation pump fixedly installed on the top of the positioning plate. The second circulation pump is fixedly installed on the top of the positioning plate and is connected to the distribution ring and the preheating chamber through an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, respectively, to realize the circulation of coolant between the heat exchange tubes and the preheating chamber. The second circulation pump is connected to the distribution ring and the preheating chamber through an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, respectively.

[0011] Optionally, a heat-conducting ring is fixedly installed on one side of the preheating chamber shell. The heat-conducting ring includes an annular heat-conducting pipe and heat dissipation fins fixedly connected to the inner wall of the annular heat-conducting pipe. The heat-conducting pipe and heat dissipation fins increase the contact area with the surrounding environment, improve heat dissipation or heat conduction efficiency, and assist the heat exchange process. The heat-conducting ring includes an annular heat-conducting pipe and heat dissipation fins fixedly connected to the inner wall of the annular heat-conducting pipe.

[0012] Optionally, the flow distribution ring has multiple flow guiding channels inside, each of which is connected to one of the spiral cooling tubes. These channels communicate with the heat exchange tubes and are used to distribute the incoming fluid into each spiral cooling tube, ensuring uniform fluid distribution within the heat exchange tubes and improving heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, the inlet end of each flow guiding channel is sealed to the end of the heat exchange tube.

[0013] Optionally, the one-way valve is configured to allow fluid to flow unidirectionally from the lower cavity of the preheating chamber into the housing shell of the receiving chamber only.

[0014] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0015] 1. This utility model, by incorporating components such as an electrically controlled lifting rod, a piston plate, and a preheating chamber shell, utilizes the driving relationship between the electrically controlled lifting rod and the piston plate to dynamically adjust the upper and lower cavity volumes of the preheating chamber through the up-and-down movement of the piston plate. When the electrically controlled lifting rod drives the piston plate to change the cavity volume, the storage amount and flow space of the fluid within the preheating chamber can be flexibly controlled. This allows the device to optimize the fluid preheating process through volume adjustment, improving preheating efficiency and enhancing overall heat exchange performance.

[0016] 2. This utility model incorporates components such as a heat exchange tube composed of spiral cooling pipes, a flow distribution ring, and a heat-conducting ring. Through the interconnected relationship between the flow distribution ring and the heat exchange tubes, the flow distribution ring can evenly distribute the coolant through its internal guiding channels, allowing the coolant to flow into each spiral cooling pipe. The spiral structure increases the contact area between the coolant and the heat exchange chamber, while the heat-conducting ring enhances heat conduction through annular heat-conducting pipes and heat dissipation fins. Therefore, this device achieves efficient heat exchange through the cooperation of multiple components, significantly improving the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the heat exchange mechanism in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a partial structural installation diagram of the heat exchange mechanism in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Reference numerals: 1. Positioning plate; 2. Heat exchange mechanism; 201. Electrically controlled lifting rod; 202. Piston plate; 203. Preheating chamber shell; 204. Heat exchange tube; 205. Sealing shell; 206. Diverting ring; 207. Sealing top plate; 208. Sealing bottom plate; 209. One-way valve; 210. First circulation pump; 211. Second circulation pump; 212. Liquid outlet pipe; 213. Liquid inlet pipe; 214. Heat-conducting ring; 3. Receiving chamber shell. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0023] This application discloses a railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance. Example

[0024] High-temperature coolant waste heat recovery scenario for locomotive engines

[0025] During operation of a mainline electric locomotive at a speed of 200 km / h, when the diesel engine coolant temperature reaches 85°C, the heat exchanger initiates a waste heat recovery program.

[0026] First, after receiving a command from the ECU, the electronically controlled lifting rod 201, mounted on top of the positioning plate 1, drives the piston plate 202 to move downwards by 50mm. The volume of the lower cavity of the preheating chamber, composed of the preheating chamber shell 203, the sealing top plate 207, and the sealing bottom plate 208, expands to 1.2L. At this time, the piston plate 202 divides the preheating chamber into an upper 0.8L buffer chamber and a lower 1.2L preheating chamber. The 90°C high-temperature coolant flowing from the engine block is pressurized by the second circulation pump 211 and enters the upper cavity of the preheating chamber through the inlet pipe 213. Under the obstruction of the piston plate 202, it flows evenly to the lower part of the preheating chamber.

[0027] Secondly, the preheated coolant enters the heat exchange chamber inside the housing shell 3 at a pressure of 0.8 MPa through the one-way valve 209 at the bottom of the sealing base plate 208. This heat exchange chamber is composed of the bottom of the preheating chamber shell 203, the sealing shell 205, and the flow distribution ring 206. Twelve sets of spiral cooling tubes arranged in a circular array inside begin operation. Six guide channels within the flow distribution ring 206 evenly distribute the coolant to each spiral tube. The coolant flowing along the spiral path exchanges heat with the 35°C ambient air outside the tubes. The spiral structure increases the heat exchange area by 40% compared to straight tubes.

[0028] Finally, the coolant, having completed heat exchange, is pressurized by the first circulation pump 210 and returned to the preheating chamber through the side interface of the sealed base plate 208. Simultaneously, the electronically controlled lifting rod 201 raises the piston plate 202, squeezing the low-temperature coolant in the lower part of the preheating chamber into the upper cavity, and then sending it back to the engine cooling system through the outlet pipe 212. The heat-conducting ring 214, installed on the side of the preheating chamber outer shell 203, simultaneously absorbs heat from the outer shell through its annular heat-conducting pipe and inner wall cooling fins, further improving heat dissipation efficiency through air convection.

[0029] Further explanation is needed: Heat exchange mechanism 2 is the core functional unit of the railway-specific heat exchanger, achieving efficient heat transfer. It has the dual functions of dynamic volume adjustment and multi-dimensional heat exchange enhancement. Its adjustment components consist of an electrically controlled lifting rod 201, a piston plate 202, a preheating chamber shell 203, a sealing top plate 207, and a sealing bottom plate 208. The electrically controlled lifting rod 201 drives the piston plate 202 to move up and down within the preheating chamber, dividing the preheating chamber into two independent cavities. The volume ratio of the two cavities is adjusted in real time according to the heat load changes during locomotive operation. This design can intelligently control the storage capacity and preheating degree of the coolant, ensuring that the coolant reaches a suitable temperature before entering the heat exchange stage, avoiding the problem of unstable heat exchange efficiency that occurs in traditional fixed-volume structures under load fluctuations. Its heat exchange components include a heat exchange chamber composed of a preheating chamber shell 203, a sealing shell 205, and a flow divider ring 206, as well as spiral cooling pipes. The spiral cooling pipes arranged in a circumferential array significantly increase the heat exchange area through a special structure, while simultaneously promoting… The coolant creates turbulence during flow, which, combined with the flow channel within the distribution ring 206, ensures uniform fluid distribution and effectively enhances the heat exchange efficiency between the coolant and the external medium. The one-way valve 209 at the bottom of the sealing base plate 208 works in conjunction with the first circulation pump 210 and the second circulation pump 211 to ensure that the coolant forms a closed-loop circulation between the preheating chamber and the heat exchange chamber in a preset direction, preventing backflow or turbulence. In addition, the heat-conducting ring 214 on the side of the preheating chamber shell 203 quickly dissipates heat from the shell surface through the annular heat-conducting pipe and the inner wall heat dissipation fins, forming a three-dimensional heat transfer system with the heat dissipation structure outside the spiral tube, further improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency. Through the coordinated operation of the adjustment component and the heat exchange component, the heat exchange mechanism 2 achieves precise control over the coolant flow path, temperature state, and heat exchange process. It can adaptively adjust the heat exchange mode during locomotive operation under varying conditions, ensuring that the heat exchanger always maintains efficient and stable heat transfer performance, meeting the heat dissipation requirements of high reliability and complex operating conditions in railway transportation.

[0030] The implementation principle of a railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance according to an embodiment of this application is as follows:

[0031] First, dynamic volume adjustment: when the locomotive's heat load changes, the electronically controlled lifting rod 201 drives the piston plate 202 to move up and down in the preheating chamber, changing the volume ratio of the two independent cavities of the preheating chamber, which are composed of the preheating chamber shell 203, the sealing top plate 207, and the sealing bottom plate 208, so as to intelligently regulate the coolant flow rate and the degree of preheating.

[0032] Secondly, the coolant is preheated through circulation. The coolant sent from the locomotive system enters the upper part of the preheating chamber through the second circulation pump 211 and the inlet pipe 213. Under the action of the piston plate 202, it flows into the lower cavity to complete the preheating and prepare for subsequent heat exchange.

[0033] Next, the heat exchange process is enhanced. The preheated coolant enters the heat exchange chamber through the one-way valve 209 at the bottom of the sealing base plate 208 and under the action of the first circulation pump 210. In the heat exchange chamber, which is composed of the preheating chamber shell 203, the sealing shell 205 and the flow divider ring 206, the spiral cooling pipes in a circular array cooperate with the flow divider ring 206 to guide the flow. The turbulence effect generated by the spiral structure enhances the heat exchange between the coolant and the external medium.

[0034] Next, heat removal assistance is provided by the heat-conducting ring 214 on the side of the preheating chamber shell 203. Through the annular heat-conducting pipe and the heat dissipation fins on the inner wall, the heat on the surface of the shell is quickly removed. Combined with the fin structure outside the spiral tube, three-dimensional heat transfer is achieved.

[0035] Finally, in the closed-loop operation, the coolant that has completed heat exchange returns to the preheating chamber through the outlet pipe 212. With the cooperation of the electrically controlled lifting rod 201 and the piston plate 202, the closed-loop circulation of "preheating chamber-heat exchange chamber-preheating chamber" continues, ensuring that the heat exchanger can dissipate heat stably and efficiently when the locomotive is operating under different conditions.

[0036] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance, comprising a positioning plate (1), characterized in that: The bottom of the positioning plate (1) is provided with a heat exchange mechanism (2), and the bottom of the heat exchange mechanism (2) is provided with a receiving cavity shell (3). The heat exchange mechanism (2) includes an adjustment component for adjustable preheating chamber volume and a heat exchange component. The heat exchange mechanism (2) includes a preheating chamber composed of a preheating chamber shell (203), a sealing top plate (207) and a sealing bottom plate (208), and a piston plate (202) movably installed inside the preheating chamber. The piston plate (202) is fixedly installed at the output end of an electrically controlled lifting rod (201), which is fixedly installed on the top of a positioning plate (1). The piston plate (202) divides the preheating chamber into two independent cavities, and the volume of the two independent cavities is adjusted by the electrically controlled lifting rod (201) driving the piston plate (202).

2. A railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange mechanism (2) comprises a heat exchange cavity consisting of a preheating chamber shell (203), a sealing shell (205), and a flow divider ring (206), and a heat exchange tube (204) for conveying coolant; the heat exchange tube (204) is composed of multiple spiral cooling tubes, and the multiple spiral cooling tubes are arranged in a circumferential array inside the heat exchange cavity, and the heat exchange tube (204) is connected to the flow divider ring (206).

3. A railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing base plate (208) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the preheating chamber shell (203). A one-way valve (209) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sealing base plate (208). A first circulation pump (210) is connected to one side of the sealing base plate (208). The first circulation pump (210) is connected to the sealing base plate (208) and the heat exchange chamber respectively.

4. A railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange mechanism (2) also includes a second circulation pump (211) fixedly installed on the top of the positioning plate (1). The second circulation pump (211) is connected to the diversion ring (206) and the preheating chamber through the inlet pipe (213) and the outlet pipe (212), respectively.

5. A railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heat-conducting ring (214) is fixedly installed on one side of the preheating chamber shell (203). The heat-conducting ring (214) includes an annular heat-conducting pipe and heat dissipation fins fixedly connected to the inner wall of the annular heat-conducting pipe.

6. A railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow divider ring (206) has multiple flow channels inside, each flow channel is connected to a spiral cooling pipe, and the inlet end of the flow channel is sealed to the end of the heat exchange pipe (204).

7. A railway-specific heat exchanger with enhanced heat transfer performance according to claim 3, characterized in that: The one-way valve (209) is configured to allow fluid to flow unidirectionally from the lower cavity of the preheating chamber into the housing shell (3) of the receiving chamber.

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