A blood sample smear staining device

Abstract

The utility model provides a blood sample smear dyeing device, the device includes base, conveyer belt and the smear mechanism, dyeing mechanism who sets up in sequence along the convey direction of conveyer belt. When working, the glass slide with blood sample is placed in the conveyer belt, is transported to the gantry frame pause, after the guide seat drives the transmission member movement through the push groove, makes the transmission member both ends guide shaft along the inclined section of gantry frame downlink, drives the push piece to descend and abuts the glass slide, subsequently enters the horizontal section and carries out linear push scraping and forms the even blood film, after the completion guide seat reverse reset, makes the guide shaft exit through the horizontal section and goes up along the inclined section, the push piece rises and separates the glass slide. The conveyer belt restarts and removes the glass slide to the dyeing mechanism, and the buffer liquid spray head and buffer liquid spray head are in turn to the blood film step by step injection dyeing liquid and buffer liquid, and the glass slide output is completed. The above process automation implements blood film coating process and dyeing process, is favorable for promoting the production efficiency of blood sample smear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of blood sample smear preparation, and in particular to a blood sample smear staining device. Background Technology

[0002] Microscopic examination of blood smears is a fundamental method in hematological cytology, with wide applications, particularly valuable for the diagnosis of various hematological diseases. To improve the efficiency of blood smear preparation, existing technologies are increasingly replacing manual labor with automated equipment. For example, a blood smear staining device disclosed in application number 202122779884.3 precisely adds a quantitative amount of blood sample using a quantitative pipette, and coordinates the work of the slide-pushing component, drying component, multi-station staining component (including crystal violet staining, iodine staining, decolorizing solution staining, and safranin counterstaining) and air-drying component through a control component. This significantly improves staining efficiency and the consistency of blood sample thickness, avoiding the instability of manual operation.

[0003] However, the aforementioned patented device, after the blood sample is added to the slide using a quantitative pipette, directly dries it rapidly through a drying component (such as a heating plate) and immediately proceeds to the staining process, completely omitting the traditional step of spreading the blood sample into a uniform blood film. This not only causes the blood sample to aggregate in droplets on the slide rather than be evenly distributed (such as red blood cells and white blood cells stacking), but also leads to problems such as uneven staining penetration and cell deformation. Therefore, although this device has advantages in automated control, the lack of a blood film spreading step limits its accuracy and applicability in clinical microscopic diagnosis. Future technological optimization needs to integrate an automated spreading module to compensate for this deficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings mentioned above in the background technology, this utility model provides a blood sample smear staining device.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A blood sample smear staining apparatus, the apparatus comprising: a base, a conveyor belt, and a smearing mechanism;

[0007] The conveyor belt is disposed on the base, and the bearing surface of the conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of blocking parts at intervals along the conveying direction. The glass slide to be processed is placed on the conveyor belt, and the end of the glass slide abuts against the blocking part.

[0008] The coating mechanism includes:

[0009] A gantry frame is fixedly installed above the base, and guide grooves consisting of continuous inclined and horizontal sections are respectively provided on the upright plates on both sides of the gantry frame;

[0010] A movable guide seat is disposed inside the gantry frame, with movable plates on both sides of the guide seat, and the movable plates are provided with vertical push grooves;

[0011] A transmission component is disposed between the two movable plates. The transmission component has a rectangular cross-section, and both ends of the transmission component are fixed with guide shafts. The guide shafts are slidably embedded in guide grooves, and both ends of the transmission component are respectively adapted to be embedded in the push grooves of the two movable plates.

[0012] A pusher plate fixed to the transmission component, the pusher plate being inclined relative to the conveyor belt;

[0013] When the glass slide is intermittently transported to the working position inside the gantry frame, the guide seat moves along a predetermined path, driving the guide shaft to move downward along the inclined section and then enter the horizontal section to perform translational movement, so that the pusher moves downward onto the glass slide to perform the coating operation.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the device further includes a staining mechanism comprising a protective box, a staining solution nozzle, and a buffer solution nozzle, wherein the staining solution nozzle and the buffer solution nozzle are sequentially arranged above the protective box along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the conveyor belts are provided on both sides of the base, and the glass slides are placed above the two conveyor belts for transport.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the blocking portion has a first blocking edge and a second blocking edge that are perpendicular to each other. The first blocking edge is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt, and the second blocking edge is parallel to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt. The blocking portions on both sides of the bearing surface formed by the conveyor belt are mirror images of each other. After the glass slide is placed on the conveyor belt, the glass slide is embedded between the two second blocking edges, and the end of the glass slide at the front end in the conveying direction abuts against the first blocking edge of the two blocking portions.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the guide seat fixes a crossbeam plate between the two movable plates, and an electric push rod is fixed above the base, with the telescopic end of the electric push rod connected and fixed to the crossbeam plate.

[0018] As can be seen from the above description of the structure of this utility model, compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages: After the slide with blood sample is placed on the carrier surface of the conveyor belt, the conveyor belt transports the slide to the gantry frame through intermittent step transmission and pauses. Then, the guide seat moves, driving the transmission component to move through the push groove. The guide shafts at both ends of the transmission component slide downward along the inclined section of the gantry frame, driving the pusher slide to descend and abut against the slide. Then, it enters the horizontal section to perform linear scraping to form a uniform blood film. After completion, the guide seat reverses and resets, causing the guide shaft to exit through the horizontal section and move upward along the inclined section. The pusher slide rises and detaches from the slide. The conveyor belt restarts and transfers the slide to the protective box. The staining solution nozzle and the buffer solution nozzle sequentially spray staining solution and buffer solution onto the blood film step by step. After completion, the slide is output, and the next slide is processed in a cycle. The above process automates the blood film coating and staining processes, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of blood sample smear preparation. Furthermore, the integrated blood film coating process is beneficial to improving the accuracy and applicability of this utility model in clinical microscopic diagnosis. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified three-dimensional structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified diagram of point B in the middle.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified diagram of point C.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the gantry frame.

[0025] Figure 7 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the telescopic rod connecting the guide seat to the electric push rod.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the transmission component.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention from the perspective of the front end face of the conveyor belt. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Hereinafter, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0030] Furthermore, in this application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the indicated placement of the components in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the placement of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0031] This invention provides a blood sample smear staining device, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 and attached Figure 4 As shown, the device includes a base 1, a conveyor belt 2, and a smearing mechanism 3 and a staining mechanism 4 arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 2. The conveyor belt 2 is housed within the base 1, with its upper bearing surface protruding from the base 1. Both the smearing mechanism 3 and the staining mechanism 4 are fixed to the base 1. A glass slide 5 containing a blood sample is placed on the bearing surface of the conveyor belt 2, thereby sequentially conveying the slide 5 to the smearing mechanism 3 and the staining mechanism 4 for smearing and staining operations.

[0032] As attached Figure 5 To be continued Figure 9 As shown, the coating mechanism 3 includes a gantry frame 31, a guide seat 32, a transmission component 33, and a pusher plate 34. The gantry frame 31 is fixedly installed on the base 1 and spans over the bearing surface of the base 1. Guide grooves 311 are formed on the vertical plates on both sides of the gantry frame 31. The guide grooves 311 are composite slides composed of continuously transitioning inclined sections 3111 and horizontal sections 3112. The guide seat 32 has two moving plates 321 on each side, each with a vertically extending pusher groove 3211. The two moving plates 321 are rigidly connected by a crossbeam plate 322, forming an overall frame structure for the guide seat 32. The guide seat 32 is located within the gantry frame 31, and the pusher grooves 3211 are correspondingly close to the guide grooves 311 to maintain spatial correspondence.

[0033] As attached Figure 5 To be continued Figure 8As shown, the pusher 34 is fixed to the middle of the transmission component 33. Specifically, an inclined through slot can be provided in the middle of the transmission component 33, through which the pusher 34 passes. A bolt is spirally connected from the outside to the inside of the transmission component 33 until the bolt presses and fixes the pusher 34, thus allowing the pusher 34 to pass through the transmission component 33 at an incline and form a rigid fixed structure. The cross-section of the transmission component 33 is rectangular, that is, the main body of the transmission component 33 is a rectangular columnar structure, and the end faces of both ends of the transmission component 33 are fixed with guide shafts 331 to form a synchronous drive unit at both ends. The transmission component 33 is set between the two moving plates 321, and the two ends of the transmission component 33 are respectively embedded in the two push slots 3211. The geometric fit between the push slots 3211 and the cross-section of the transmission component 33 forms a unidirectional vertical constraint mechanism. This constraint mechanism not only limits the transmission component 33 to displacement relative to the guide seat 32 in the vertical direction, but also forces the pusher 34 to maintain a working posture with a constant angle to the plane of the conveyor belt 2. The guide shafts 331 at both ends of the transmission component 33 are embedded in the guide grooves 311 and slide. This constraint structure restricts the transmission component 33 to only perform bidirectional reversible motion relative to the gantry frame 31: when moving forward, it moves down along the inclined section 3111 and then enters the horizontal section 3112 to advance in a straight line; when moving in reverse, it resets along the horizontal section 3112 and then moves up through the inclined section 3111. This movement path is automatically realized through the cooperative constraint of the push groove 3211 and the guide groove 311.

[0034] It is worth mentioning that after the transmission component 33 moves to the guide shaft 331 in the horizontal section 3112, the pusher 34 can be moved downwards to be grounded on the glass slide 5 located in the gantry frame 31, and then the pusher 34 can be fixed by bolts to ensure that after the transmission component moves down to the horizontal section, the pusher 34 can abut against the glass slide 5.

[0035] When the guide seat 32 moves from the inclined section 3111 to the horizontal section 3112, it pushes the transmission component 33 to move along with it through the push groove 3211. At the same time, the guide shaft 331 is restricted by the inclined section 3111, so that the transmission component 33 can perform a combined action of descending in the push groove 3211 and sliding in the direction of the inclined section 3111. This causes the pusher 34 to move downward at an angle until it comes into contact with the glass slide 5 on which the blood sample is dripped. Then the guide seat 32 continues to advance, so that the transmission component 33 performs a pure linear displacement along the horizontal section 3112. The pusher 34 performs a linear pushing and scraping operation at a constant rate, flattening the blood sample on the glass slide 5 to form a blood film. Afterwards, the guide seat 32 resets (when moving from the horizontal section 3112 to the inclined section 3111), and the push groove 3211 reverses the drive of the transmission component 33 from the horizontal section 3112 to the inclined section 3111. The guide shaft 331 is constrained by the inclined section 3111, so that the transmission component 33 moves vertically and slides in the direction of the inclined section 3111 in the push groove 3211, realizing the rise of the pusher 34 relative to the conveyor belt 2, automatically releasing the contact state between the pusher 34 and the glass slide 5, and establishing a non-interference channel to ensure that the processed glass slide 5 moves out smoothly while avoiding blocking the subsequent glass slide 5 with blood samples from moving into the gantry frame 31.

[0036] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 3 An electric push rod 35 is fixed above the base 1. The end of the telescopic rod 351 of the electric push rod 35 is connected and fixed to the crossbeam plate 322. The guide seat 32 is moved by the movement of the telescopic rod 351 of the electric push rod 35, thereby realizing the movement of the guide seat 32 within the gantry frame 31 and realizing the automatic lifting and translation of the push plate 34.

[0037] As attached Figure 2As shown, the bearing surface of the conveyor belt 2 is provided with multiple blocking parts 21 at intervals along the conveying direction, and the front end of the glass slide 5 abuts against the blocking part 21 along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 2. When the glass slide 5 is moved by the conveyor belt 2 into the gantry frame 31, the conveyor belt 2 enters a stationary state and maintains a static condition. At this time, the glass slide 5 achieves precise positioning and locking by abutting the blocking part 21 at its front end. This achieves self-stabilized positioning of the glass slide 5 during the smearing process, ensuring operational accuracy without the need for additional clamping devices, and ultimately achieving a high-consistency diagnostic-grade blood smear preparation standard. Furthermore, the blocking portion 21 has a first blocking edge 211 and a second blocking edge 212 that are perpendicular to each other. The first blocking edge 211 is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 2, and the second blocking edge 212 is parallel to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 2. The blocking portions 21 on both sides of the bearing surface formed by the conveyor belt 2 are mirror images of each other. After the glass slide 5 is placed on the conveyor belt 2, the glass slide 5 is embedded between the two second blocking edges 212, and the end of the glass slide 5 at the front end in the conveying direction abuts against the first blocking edge 211 of the two blocking portions 21. In this structure, the first blocking edge 211 blocks the front end of the glass slide 5, and the second blocking portion 21 limits the position of the glass slide 5 on both sides, preventing the glass slide 5 from shifting relative to the sides of the conveyor belt 2.

[0038] Furthermore, the conveyor belt 2 adopts an intermittent stepping transmission mode, which periodically starts and pauses when performing the slide 5 transport operation, intermittently transporting the slide 5 to the smear mechanism 3 and the staining mechanism 4. This intermittent movement mechanism of the conveyor belt 2 and the action sequence of the smear mechanism 3 are strictly matched by the control system, that is, the pause phase of the conveyor belt 2 is precisely the critical window period for the slide pusher 34 to perform the smear operation. The stationary slide 5 provides an absolutely stable operating reference plane for the slide pusher 34, completely eliminating the uneven film thickness or cell tailing phenomenon caused by relative sliding. The synergistic effect of the blocking part 21 and the gap transmission system ensures that the positioning error of the slide 5 is less than the fit tolerance of the mechanism kinematic pair. When the slide pusher 34 performs the smear operation on the static slide 5, it can accurately control the blood sample spreading rate, significantly improving the uniformity and integrity of the monolayer distribution of cells in the blood film. At the same time, the intermittent movement design of the conveyor belt 2 allows the control system to complete the parallel operation of resetting the smear mechanism 3 and pre-positioning the next slide 5 within a single smear cycle, realizing the cycle time optimization of the equipment during continuous operation.

[0039] As attached Figure 4As shown, the staining mechanism 4 includes a protective box 41 and staining solution nozzles 42 and buffer solution nozzles 43 integrated inside the protective box 41. The staining solution nozzles 42 and buffer solution nozzles 43 are arranged along the conveyor belt 2 on the top wall of the protective box 41 to form a dual-station processing unit. The upper end of the staining solution nozzles 42 extends to the outside through corrosion-resistant pipes penetrating the side wall of the box, and is connected to a special container for Wright's Gymnastics staining solution via a flexible conduit. The buffer solution nozzles 43 use the same piping structure to connect to an independent buffer solution container. Both containers are equipped with precision metering pumps to achieve directional fluid delivery. When the conveyor belt 2 carrying the blood film slide 5 moves to the processing station inside the protective box 41, the staining solution nozzles 42 first spray staining solution onto the surface of the blood film to achieve specific staining of the cell nucleus and cytoplasm. Then, the buffer solution nozzles 43 precisely apply phosphate buffer to adjust the pH environment to stabilize the staining reaction. Finally, the conveyor belt 2 removes the processed slide 5 from the protective box 41. This integrated design effectively prevents organic solvents from evaporating and contaminating the laboratory environment through the physical isolation of the protective box 41, while the dual-nozzle axial timing control ensures the precise stepwise application of staining solution and buffer solution.

[0040] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 2 The base 1 has conveyor belts 2 on both sides, and the upper surfaces of the two conveyor belts 2 together form a bearing surface. The aforementioned blocking parts 21 are mirror images of the surfaces of the two conveyor belts 2. When the slide 5 is placed above the two conveyor belts 2 for transport, the middle position of the slide 5 is suspended, preventing excessive staining solution and buffer solution from coating the conveyor belts 2. Preferably, the base 1 has rotatable shafts at both ends, and synchronous pulleys are provided at both ends of the shafts. The conveyor belts 2 are synchronous belts, and the conveyor belts 2 on both sides of the base 1 mesh with the synchronous pulleys at the same end of the two shafts, thereby achieving synchronous transmission between the two conveyor belts 2 through the two shafts. Additionally, a motor can be fixed outside the base 1, driving one of the shafts to rotate.

[0041] As attached Figure 3 As shown, the electric push rod 35 can be fixed to the protective box 41 of the dyeing mechanism 4, and a connecting rod 323 is fixed to the crossbeam plate 322. The connecting rod 323 extends out of the gantry frame 31. The connecting rod 323 and the telescopic rod 351 of the electric push rod 35 are respectively fixed to the two ends of a connecting plate 324 to avoid the pipe position of the dyeing liquid nozzle 42.

[0042] Preferably, position sensors are fixed in the gaps between the two conveyor belts 2, one above the gantry frame 31, one above the staining solution nozzle 42 inside the protective box, and one above the buffer solution basin inside the protective box 41. A limit switch is fixed on the protective box 41, which is located at a position where the connecting plate 324 can be triggered when the electric push rod 35 pushes the guide shaft 331 of the transmission component 33 to the high position of the inclined groove. When the position sensor detects that the slide 5 has reached the gantry frame 31, the position sensor immediately sends a position signal to the control system. The control system then triggers a dual response mechanism, namely, simultaneously stopping the power supply to the drive motor of the conveyor belt 2 and activating the electromagnetic brake to achieve millisecond-level mechanical locking, and simultaneously sending a pulse command to the electric push rod 35 of the coating mechanism 3 to start a preset motion program. This program strictly follows the constraint of the guide groove 311 to drive the slide pusher 34 to perform a cycle of descent and coating actions. This control method uses the position sensor to monitor the displacement trajectory of the slide 5 in real time, realizing the timing matching between the intermittent movement of the conveyor belt 2 and the action of the coating mechanism 3. After the electric push rod 35 drives the pusher 34 to complete the coating operation, it immediately resets. Then, it sends a reset signal to the control system by triggering the limit switch. The control system then reactivates the stepper motor of the conveyor belt 2 to execute the next glass slide 5 conveying command.

[0043] In summary, the working process of this utility model is as follows: A glass slide 5 containing a blood sample is placed on the bearing surface of the conveyor belt 2. When the glass slide 5 is conveyed into the gantry frame 31 via intermittent stepping transmission, the blocking part 21 locks the position of the glass slide 5 and the conveyor belt 2 stops. At this time, the position sensor triggers a signal, and the control system starts the electric push rod 35 to drive the guide seat 32 to move. The guide shafts 331 at both ends of the transmission component 33 slide downwards along the inclined section 3111 of the guide groove 311 of the gantry frame 31, driving the pusher 3... 4. The slide descends to meet the glass slide 5, then enters the horizontal section 3112 to perform a linear scraping motion to form a uniform blood film. After completion, the electric push rod 35 reverses and resets, the guide shaft 331 exits through the horizontal section 3112 and moves upward along the inclined section 3111, and the pusher 34 rises and detaches from the glass slide 5. The conveyor belt 2 restarts and transfers the glass slide 5 into the protective box 41. The staining solution nozzle 42 and the buffer solution nozzle 43 sequentially spray staining solution and buffer solution onto the blood film in steps. After completion, the glass slide 5 is output, and the next glass slide 5 is processed in a cycle. The above process requires no manual intervention, and the blood film coating and staining processes are automated, which helps to improve the efficiency of blood sample smear preparation.

[0044] The above are merely specific embodiments of this utility model, but the design concept of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any non-substantial modifications made to this utility model using this concept shall be considered as an infringement of the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A blood sample smear staining apparatus, characterized in that, The device includes: a base, a conveyor belt, and a coating mechanism; The conveyor belt is disposed on the base, and the bearing surface of the conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of blocking parts at intervals along the conveying direction. The glass slide to be processed is placed on the conveyor belt, and the end of the glass slide abuts against the blocking part. The coating mechanism includes: A gantry frame is fixedly installed above the base, and guide grooves consisting of continuous inclined and horizontal sections are respectively provided on the upright plates on both sides of the gantry frame; A movable guide seat is disposed inside the gantry frame, with movable plates on both sides of the guide seat, and the movable plates are provided with vertical push grooves; A transmission component is disposed between the two movable plates. The transmission component has a rectangular cross-section, and both ends of the transmission component are fixed with guide shafts. The guide shafts are slidably embedded in guide grooves, and both ends of the transmission component are respectively adapted to be embedded in the push grooves of the two movable plates. A pusher plate fixed to the transmission component, the pusher plate being inclined relative to the conveyor belt; When the glass slide is intermittently transported to the working position inside the gantry frame, the guide seat moves along a predetermined path, driving the guide shaft to move downward along the inclined section and then enter the horizontal section to perform translational movement, so that the pusher moves downward onto the glass slide to perform the coating operation.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a staining mechanism, which includes a protective box, a staining solution nozzle, and a buffer solution nozzle. The staining solution nozzle and the buffer solution nozzle are arranged sequentially above the protective box along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.

3. The apparatus as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The base is provided with conveyor belts on both sides, and the glass slides are placed on top of the two conveyor belts for transport.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The blocking portion has a first blocking edge and a second blocking edge that are perpendicular to each other. The first blocking edge is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt, and the second blocking edge is parallel to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt. The blocking portions on both sides of the bearing surface formed by the conveyor belt are mirror images of each other. After the glass slide is placed on the conveyor belt, the glass slide is embedded between the two second blocking edges, and the end of the glass slide at the front end in the conveying direction abuts against the first blocking edge of the two blocking portions.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide seat fixes a crossbeam plate between the two movable plates, and an electric push rod is fixed above the base. The telescopic end of the electric push rod is connected and fixed to the crossbeam plate.

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