A system for cultivating a volvate mushroom
The automated control system, which integrates modular cultivation boxes and environmental management modules, solves the problems of high labor intensity, low space utilization, and unstable environmental control in existing mushroom cultivation technologies, and achieves efficient and standardized mushroom production.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SICHUAN LIYUN FUNGUS TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing mushroom cultivation technology relies on manual operation, which is labor-intensive, has poor uniformity, low space utilization, and unstable environmental control, making it difficult to achieve large-scale and efficient production.
It adopts modular cultivation boxes and environmental management modules, and achieves precise control of temperature, light, air and humidity through an automated control system. It integrates air supply and water supply systems to realize fully automated operation.
It has increased mushroom yield and output, reduced labor costs, achieved standardized cultivation conditions, shortened the cultivation cycle, and improved space utilization and production efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224521940U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of mushroom cultivation technology, specifically relating to a soil-covered mushroom cultivation system. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional mushroom cultivation techniques rely on natural fermentation and manual management. The process begins with the pretreatment of raw materials, where straw, manure, and other manure are mixed in a specific ratio and undergo pre-composting fermentation. Temperature and humidity are regulated by building and turning the compost pile to achieve initial decomposition. This is followed by a post-fermentation stage, where high temperatures further kill unwanted microorganisms and promote nutrient conversion. Some steps involve final maturation fermentation on the mushroom house shelves. Once the mycelium has fully colonized the substrate, soil is added, and specific granular soil is laid out while temperature and humidity are controlled to stimulate fruiting body formation. The entire process relies on open composting sites, fixed mushroom house shelves, and other facilities, supplemented by manual turning, manual spraying, and empirical temperature control to complete the entire process from raw material decomposition to mushroom production.
[0003] Existing technologies suffer from several drawbacks: First, they rely on manual operation, which is labor-intensive and results in poor uniformity during the turning process, easily leading to insufficient fermentation or localized overheating, affecting the quality of the culture medium. Second, the sites are fixed and space utilization is low, requiring large areas of open or indoor space for composting and fermentation, making overlapping cultivation difficult and resulting in serious waste of land and space resources. Third, environmental control is extensive, with key parameters such as temperature, humidity, and aeration relying on natural conditions or simple equipment for adjustment, leading to poor stability and susceptibility to external climate influences, causing batch yield fluctuations. Fourth, the processes are fragmented, with fermentation, inoculation, and covering requiring separate steps in different locations, resulting in low efficiency and difficulty in achieving precise and standardized management, thus hindering the large-scale and efficient development of mushroom cultivation. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a soil-covered mushroom cultivation system, which aims to achieve efficient automated or semi-automated mushroom cultivation and production through a modular system with cultivation boxes as the main body, thereby increasing yield and reducing costs.
[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: In the first aspect, this utility model discloses a soil-covered mushroom cultivation system for automated batch cultivation of mushrooms, including an environmental management module and a cultivation chamber; The cultivation chamber is equipped with several mobile platforms, and each mobile platform is equipped with several rows of cultivation boxes. The cultivation boxes are open and contain culture medium. Each row of cultivation boxes is stacked. The liquid required for cultivation is supplied to each cultivation box through the water supply channel provided in the cultivation chamber, and the aeration gas required for fermentation of the culture medium is supplied to each cultivation box individually through the air supply channel provided in the cultivation chamber. The management module includes an air pump connected to the air supply path in the cultivation chamber and a water supply component connected to the water supply path in the cultivation chamber. It also includes a temperature control component for regulating the temperature in the cultivation chamber. Temperature and humidity sensors connected to the management module are installed in the cultivation chamber and each cultivation box. Based on the real-time temperature feedback from the temperature sensor, the temperature of the culture medium in each cultivation box is controlled to aerate and supply fermentation broth, so that the culture medium undergoes at least two fermentations.
[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, this utility model provides a first embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the temperature control component is an air conditioning system, and an air inlet and an air outlet connected to the air conditioning system are provided in the cultivation chamber for controlling the ambient temperature of the cultivation chamber.
[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, this utility model provides a second embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the management module further includes a gas filtration and circulation system, which is connected to the gas supply path in the cultivation chamber via an air pump.
[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, this utility model provides a third embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the water supply component includes a storage tank, a mixing tank, and a water pump. The mixing tank mixes the materials entering from several storage tanks to form a liquid supply material, which is then injected into the water supply path by the water pump.
[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, this utility model provides a fourth embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the cultivation chamber is provided with a track, and the mobile platform moves by means of the track.
[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, this utility model provides a fifth embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the mobile platform is provided with water channels and air channels, each having two connecting ends. The water channels and air channels of adjacent mobile platforms are connected to each other through sealed plugging of the connecting ends. The air channels of all mobile platforms in the cultivation chamber are interconnected to form an air supply road, and the water channels of all mobile platforms in the cultivation chamber are interconnected to form a water supply road. The air and water supply are connected to the connecting ends of the air channels and water channels at any end of the mobile platform convoy that forms a head-to-tail connection in the cultivation chamber.
[0011] In conjunction with the fifth embodiment of the first aspect, this utility model provides a sixth embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the incubation box has an internal air channel and an internal water channel, the air channel on the moving platform is connected to the internal air channel of the bottommost incubation box in each column, and the water channel is connected to the internal water channel of the bottommost incubation box in each column. The internal air channels and internal water channels between adjacent stacked incubation boxes are connected.
[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: (1) This utility model uses a cultivation box as a cultivation unit, with built-in water channels and air channels, and an aeration layer at the bottom to achieve quantitative and precise multiple fermentation of the culture medium. The aeration achieves the turning effect, effectively controls the fermentation temperature, and supplies nutrients through water channel spraying, providing a suitable growth environment for mushrooms, reducing manual operation, improving efficiency, saving costs, standardizing cultivation conditions, increasing yield and product quality, and shortening the cultivation cycle. (2) This utility model adopts full-process automated control to realize the automatic operation of the entire process from fermentation to mushroom production, which greatly saves labor costs and improves the standardization. The environmental management module in the system integrates multiple functional components to realize precise control of temperature, light, air and humidity, thereby improving mushroom yield and large-scale production capacity. (3) The present invention can form a space at the bottom of the box through the provided aeration structure, which is used to arrange air, and the culture medium above the aeration layer can be periodically aerated through the perforated plate. The detachable structure design makes it easy to replace and clean, and the corresponding internal air channel achieves a better bottom aeration effect. (4) This utility model uses a mobile platform to fix several boxes in place. At the same time, it uses a pipeline structure such as a main water channel and a main air channel to supply air and water to the boxes stacked on the mobile platform. It can also be automatically managed and controlled by an external control system. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a first planar schematic diagram of the mushroom cultivation system in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a first axonometric view of the mushroom cultivation system in the embodiments of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a second axonometric view of the mushroom cultivation system in the embodiments of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a second planar schematic diagram of the mushroom cultivation system in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 5 This is an isometric view of one embodiment of the mobile trolley in this utility model.
[0014] In the diagram: 1-Incubation box, 2-Management module, 3-Airway, 4-Mobile platform, 5-Waterway, 6-Incubation chamber, 7-Track. Detailed Implementation
[0015] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0017] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0018] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0019] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationships commonly used when the product is in use. These terms are used solely for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in the description of this application is only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0020] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" in the description of this application does not imply that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it may be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it may be slightly tilted.
[0021] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0022] Example 1: This embodiment discloses a soil-covered mushroom cultivation system, which improves yield and output by cultivating mushrooms in large-scale warehouses.
[0023] Specifically, the cultivation system disclosed in this embodiment utilizes a sealed space as a cultivation chamber 6, and then sets up several independent cultivation boxes 1 as the smallest cultivation unit in the cultivation chamber 6. The cultivation is managed by an external environmental management module 2 that controls the environment and material conditions of each cultivation box 1. Culture medium is set up in the cultivation box 1 for cultivating mushrooms, and cultivation is carried out by implanting mushroom spawn into each cultivation box 1.
[0024] Among them, reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, the cultivation chamber 6 is not limited to a specific indoor structure, i.e., it can hold several Figure 1 The cultivation box 1 shown can be a space with a certain degree of isolation between it and the external environment. For example, an underground space, a concrete structure built on the ground, a container with insulation material, or a tunnel-like space carved into a mountain can all serve as the cultivation chamber 6 to achieve a certain degree of isolation from the external environment.
[0025] In this embodiment, the cultivation chamber 6 is illustrated as a concrete structure on the ground. The cultivation chamber 6 is constructed with an arched structure. In addition to the good insulation and heat preservation effect of the structure itself, lightweight insulation materials are provided inside or outside the cultivation chamber 6 to further improve its heat preservation performance. At the same time, sealing insulation materials are installed in the channels connecting the cultivation chamber 6 to the external environment and in various gaps. This not only has a good heat preservation effect, but also can isolate the gas flow efficiency between the cultivation chamber 6 and the external environment, and can also provide a good control effect for the gaseous environment of the cultivation chamber 6.
[0026] Furthermore, the cultivation chamber 6 is equipped with several mobile platforms 4. These mobile platforms 4 serve as mobile carriers for transporting cultivation boxes 1 in and out of the cultivation chamber 6, and also as material supply carriers, equipped with numerous pipes and material supply equipment. The mobile platforms 4 themselves have multiple movement modes, mainly including track-based (7-type) and free-moving (free-moving) modes. Track-based (7-type) modes are stable, convenient, and low-cost, suitable for applications with low movement frequency and high load capacity. However, as an application method, using omnidirectional rollers or a free-moving independent mobile platform 4 with motor drive can also achieve the corresponding technical effects. This embodiment uses the track-based (7-type) mobile platform 4 for explanation.
[0027] The mobile platform 4 has a large placement surface on which several cultivation boxes 1 are arranged. Each cultivation box 1 is an open box structure with an enlarged upper opening, allowing two cultivation boxes 1 to be stacked one on top of the other. The bottom of the upper cultivation box 1 can be embedded into the opening of the lower cultivation box 1 to a certain depth, thus limiting the stacking connection. Several columns are arranged on the placement surface of the mobile platform 4, each column containing several stacked cultivation boxes 1. Each cultivation box 1 contains a certain depth of cultivation substrate, which can be used for fermentation or directly for cultivating mushrooms.
[0028] Furthermore, the cultivation chamber 6 is equipped with water supply channels and air supply channels connecting each cultivation box 1. The water supply channel 5 within the cultivation chamber 6 supplies the liquid required for cultivation to each cultivation box 1, and the air supply channel 3 within the cultivation chamber 6 provides the aeration gas required for fermentation of the culture medium to each cultivation box 1 individually. The bottom of the cultivation box 1 is equipped with a grid plate, and the lower part of the grid plate has an opening that connects to the internal air channel 3. During aeration, aeration is performed from the lower part of the grid plate upwards, and the culture medium is placed on the grid plate. The upper and lower parts of the cultivation box 1 are equipped with openings that connect to the internal water channel 5, allowing fermentation broth to be sprayed from the upper part of the culture medium and collected from the lower part of the grid plate and discharged from the cultivation box 1.
[0029] The management module 2 includes an air pump connected to the air supply channel 3 in the cultivation chamber 6 and a water supply component connected to the water supply channel 5 in the cultivation chamber 6. It also includes a temperature control component for adjusting the temperature in the cultivation chamber 6. Temperature sensors and humidity sensors connected to the management module 2 are installed in the cultivation chamber 6 and each cultivation box 1. Based on the real-time temperature feedback from the temperature sensors, the temperature of the culture medium in each cultivation box 1 is controlled to aerate the culture medium and supply fermentation broth, so that the culture medium undergoes at least two fermentations.
[0030] It should be noted that aeration is mainly used for the fermentation of the culture medium and for gaseous environment or temperature control during the cultivation of mushrooms. Unlike external gas environment and temperature control methods, this method, which focuses on heat and gas exchange within the culture medium, is more effective and has better conductivity. However, in this embodiment, aeration can be used for the fermentation of the culture medium, and is not limited to the requirement that the cultivation system must undergo fermentation.
[0031] Furthermore, the temperature control component is an air conditioning system. Air inlets and outlets connected to the air conditioning system are installed within the cultivation chamber 6 to control the ambient temperature of the cultivation chamber 6. The management module 2 also includes a gas filtration and circulation system, which is connected to the air supply duct 3 within the cultivation chamber 6 via an air pump. It should be noted that the management module 2 primarily manages and controls the environmental conditions within the cultivation chamber 6. The air conditioning system used in the temperature control component utilizes a gaseous working fluid as a heat exchange medium to exchange heat with the gas within the cultivation chamber 6, thereby achieving temperature control. However, it is not limited to this. The medium can also be a liquid medium. That is, the water supply channel 5 set in the cultivation chamber 6 is used. Before water is supplied to the cultivation box 1, it first passes through the heat exchange water pipe group with a large surface area arranged in the cultivation chamber 6 for heat exchange. Then, it enters each cultivation box 1 through the moving platform 4 to supply liquid. That is, the liquid entering the cultivation chamber 6 is cooled or heated. After entering the cultivation chamber 6, the liquid undergoes sufficient heat exchange before entering the cultivation box 1. The temperature of the liquid entering the cultivation box 1 is controlled by the management module 2 to ensure sufficient heat exchange temperature control.
[0032] However, the air conditioning system used in this embodiment uses gas as the heat exchange medium. This gas, along with a gas supply pipe connected to a gas filtration and circulation system, allows the gas entering the cultivation chamber 6 to be filtered and meet the gaseous environment requirements of the cultivation chamber 6. This gas then directly enters the cultivation box 1 for aeration, controlling not only the gaseous environment but also the temperature. The water supply components in this embodiment include a storage tank, a mixing tank, and a water pump. The mixing tank mixes the materials entering from several storage tanks to form a liquid supply material, which is then pumped into the water supply channel 5.
[0033] Furthermore, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The mobile platform 4 is equipped with water channels 5 and air channels 3. Each water channel 5 and air channel 3 has two connecting ends. The water channels 5 and air channels 3 of adjacent mobile platforms 4 are connected by a sealed plug-in connection at the connecting ends. The air channels 3 on all mobile platforms 4 in the cultivation chamber 6 are interconnected to form an air supply channel 3. The water channels 5 on all mobile platforms 4 in the cultivation chamber 6 are interconnected to form a water supply channel 5. The air and water supply are connected to the connecting ends of the air channels 3 and water channels 5 at any end of the mobile platform 4 convoy that forms a head-to-tail connection in the cultivation chamber 6.
[0034] The incubation box 1 has an internal air channel 3 and an internal water channel 5. The air channel 3 on the moving platform 4 is connected to the internal air channel 3 of the bottom incubation box 1 in each column, and the water channel 5 is connected to the internal water channel 5 of the bottom incubation box 1 in each column. The internal air channel 3 and internal water channel 5 between adjacent stacked incubation boxes 1 are connected respectively.
[0035] As one implementation method, this embodiment provides a specific implementation approach.
[0036] The cultivation chamber 6 is a closed cavity structure consisting of an outer shell and a polyurethane insulation layer with a thickness of not less than 80mm. Inside the cultivation chamber 6 are multiple sets of mobile platform 4 support frames, on which several rows of top open cultivation boxes 1 are arranged in parallel and overlapped, and the cultivation boxes 1 are filled with culture medium.
[0037] Integrated transmission and distribution pipeline system, including: An independent liquid supply unit precisely dispenses nutrient solution or humidifying mist to each incubation box 1; The modular aeration unit provides phased gas regulation for each cultivation box 1. Water and air are provided by the environmental management module 2 and supplied to the cultivation box 1 through the mobile platform 4 via pipelines. The cultivation box 1 can overlap and seal its own water and air pipelines.
[0038] The Environment Management Module 2 integrates the following subsystems: The system includes a temperature control unit, a gas circulation unit, a photoperiod control unit, and a humidity maintenance unit. Each incubation box 1 is equipped with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor connected to the management module 2. Based on the real-time temperature feedback from the temperature sensor, the system aerates the culture medium, supplies fermentation broth, and adds water for humidification within each incubation box 1. The incubation chamber 6 is equipped with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor, ammonia sensor, and a carbon dioxide sensor, all connected to the management module 2. Temperature and humidity sensors are also present outside the incubation chamber 6. Based on real-time sensor feedback, the system manages the temperature, light, gas, and humidity within the incubation chamber 6.
[0039] The temperature control unit consists of an air source heat pump unit, a hot water storage tank, a plate heat exchanger, a circulating water pump, and a fan. The output of the air source heat pump unit is connected to the hot water storage tank, which forms a closed loop with the water-side piping of the plate heat exchanger via the circulating water pump. The air-side of the plate heat exchanger is connected to the air inlet channel of the cultivation chamber 6.
[0040] Air is driven by a fan to flow across the surface of a plate heat exchanger, thereby achieving heat exchange between the air and circulating water. This temperature control component uses the heat exchange between the circulating water and air within the heat exchanger to regulate temperature. This method replaces the traditional air conditioning system's direct cooling or heating mode using a compressor, effectively overcoming the problems of increased failure rate and significantly increased energy consumption caused by frequent compressor start-stop in high-temperature and high-humidity environments.
[0041] The gas circulation unit of management module 2 includes the gas management unit of cultivation chamber 6 and the aeration management unit of cultivation box 1. The aeration management unit of cultivation box 1 includes: A centrifugal fan, an independently temperature-controlled heat exchanger, and a three-stage air filtration system are connected in sequence. The three-stage air filtration system consists of a pre-filter, a medium-efficiency filter, a filter cotton layer, and a HEPA high-efficiency filter connected in series. An aeration delivery pipe is connected at one end to the outlet of the three-stage air filtration system, and at the other end to the aeration port of each incubation box 1 via a moving platform 4.
[0042] The temperature regulation end of the heat exchanger is linked to the temperature control component. Air pressurized by the centrifugal fan is regulated by the heat exchanger and sterilized by a three-stage air filtration device before being delivered by the mobile platform 4 to the cultivation box 1 in stages according to a preset program. The gas flow rate is 10-15 m³ / h during the fermentation stage, decreases to 5-8 m³ / h during the mycelium cultivation stage, and reaches 3-5 m³ / h during the fruiting stage.
[0043] The gas management unit of the incubation chamber 6 includes a dual-mode circulating fan, whose air inlet is connected to the inside of the incubation chamber 6, and whose air outlet is connected in sequence to a two-stage air filtration device consisting of a primary filter and a medium-efficiency filter; a switchable air valve is set at the outlet of the two-stage air filtration device, which adjusts the opening ratio of the internal circulation air duct and the external circulation fresh air inlet.
[0044] The photoperiod control unit installed in the cultivation chamber 6 consists of a full-spectrum LED array and a light intensity sensor. The wavelength of the LED array covers 400-730nm, which can simulate the natural light spectrum and adjust the light intensity and irradiation period in real time through feedback from the light intensity sensor.
[0045] The humidity maintenance unit inside cultivation chamber 6 achieves dual humidification through the spray system integrated into cultivation box 1. It directly and precisely humidifies the culture medium by spraying, and also regulates the overall humidity of the space within cultivation chamber 6 by spraying mist. Simultaneously, this spray system has multi-functional expansion capabilities, allowing for precise spraying of fermentation agents and nutrient solutions required for growth onto the culture medium via pipeline switching. Humidity control employs a two-way adjustment mechanism: on one hand, airflow is introduced into the culture medium through the aeration unit to accelerate moisture evaporation and achieve dehumidification; on the other hand, air exchange is driven inside and outside cultivation chamber 6 through the gas circulation unit to complete spatial ventilation and dehumidification, forming a closed-loop control system of humidification, nutrient replenishment, and dehumidification. The environmental management module 2 is equipped with a water pump, water tank, and liquid tank.
[0046] This embodiment also provides a method for cultivating mushrooms using the above-described cultivation system, the specific steps of which are as follows: First, culture medium is filled into several culture boxes 1. Then, the culture boxes 1 filled with culture medium are stacked on the moving platform 4 by a stacking machine, so that the internal air channels 3 and internal water channels 5 of the culture boxes 1 in the stacked state are connected to each other, and the air channels 3 and water channels 5 of the moving platform 4 are connected to the internal air channels 3 and internal water channels 5 of each row of culture boxes 1. Next, several mobile platforms 4 are transferred into the incubation chamber 6, and each mobile platform 4 is connected to the other in sequence, so that the air passages 3 and water passages 5 of all mobile platforms 4 in the incubation chamber 6 are interconnected to form an air supply passage and a water supply passage. Then, any end of the mobile platform 4 convoy is connected to the management module 2. Finally, based on the temperature and humidity parameters of the culture environment, the management module 2 first supplies fermentation broth to each culture box 1 synchronously. After the temperature in each culture box 1 reaches the set threshold, the culture medium in each culture box 1 is aerated through the gas supply channel.
[0047] After fermentation and pasteurization of the culture medium, the culture medium of each cultivation box 1 is inoculated with spawn and covered with a layer of soil. The ambient temperature of the cultivation box 1 and the cultivation chamber 6 is controlled again to cultivate mushrooms. After the mushrooms have finished growing, they enter through the harvesting channel and are harvested from the harvesting port of cultivation box 1. After one round of cultivation is completed, all the mobile carts are moved out of cultivation chamber 6 for the next batch of mushroom cultivation.
[0048] The culture medium (containing sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, etc.) in the incubation box 1 is fermented and pasteurized. The specific process is as follows: I. Fermentation Stage This stage involves the phased fermentation and decomposition of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose in the culture medium. The temperature is gradually increased primarily through fermentation metabolism and heat generation. A room temperature control system assists in heating during the initial fermentation phase, combined with an aeration system (powered by a high-pressure fan and equipped with an independently temperature-controlled heat exchanger) to achieve both oxygen supply and temperature control. Details are as follows: Initial conditions: Incubation box 1 is placed in an insulated room with an initial temperature of 20-25℃. In winter, the room temperature control system is used to help raise the temperature to above 20℃.
[0049] First fermentation: The target temperature is to gradually raise the culture medium temperature from the initial temperature to 52-58℃ over a period of 8-10 days. Within 12-24 hours after fermentation starts, a starter culture, such as a white rot fungus preparation, is sprayed into the culture medium at a rate of 1.2-1.8 grams per kilogram of culture medium. The heat released during the metabolic decomposition of lignin will drive the temperature to rise gradually.
[0050] During temperature control, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature in real time: if the temperature exceeds 58℃, the aeration system is activated, and ambient air is introduced by a high-pressure blower, cooled by a heat exchanger, and then introduced into culture box 1 to lower the temperature to the range of 52-58℃; if the temperature rise rate is less than 0.5℃ / day during the heating phase, the aeration system is used for intermittent aeration to supply oxygen to the culture medium while avoiding temperature fluctuations.
[0051] Second fermentation: After the first fermentation, the culture medium temperature stabilizes at 52-58℃, and the second fermentation begins, with the target temperature rising to 58-62℃, a cycle of 6-8 days. During the second fermentation, a Trichoderma preparation is sprayed in at a dosage of 1.5-2.0 grams per kilogram of culture medium. Its cellulose decomposition process enhances heat generation, allowing the temperature to naturally transition to 58-62℃. Temperature control is primarily achieved through the aeration system: if the temperature exceeds 62℃, ambient air is introduced via a high-pressure blower, cooled by a heat exchanger, and then introduced into incubation box 1; if the temperature remains below 58℃ for more than 24 hours, the aeration system is used to raise the temperature. Utilizing the high-pressure blower's outlet air temperature characteristics, the heat exchanger adjusts the air temperature to 60-65℃ before introducing the air, assisting the fermenting agent in continuously generating heat to reach the target temperature. Intermittent aeration is maintained throughout this period, with the heat exchanger adjusting the air temperature to match the target temperature of the current fermentation stage to ensure oxygen supply.
[0052] Third fermentation: After the second fermentation, maintain the culture medium temperature at 50-55℃ for 5-7 days. Within 8-12 hours of initiating the third fermentation, spray in *Trichoderma reesei* preparation at a rate of 1.0-1.5 grams per kilogram of culture medium to maintain mild heat production by decomposing hemicellulose. During this stage, reduce aeration frequency to once every 6-8 hours for 15-20 minutes each time to retain heat. Only activate the aeration system to continuously cool down when the temperature exceeds 55℃; if the temperature is below 50℃, switch the aeration system to heating mode, and adjust the air temperature of the heat exchanger to 55-60℃ to assist fermentation heat production and maintain the target temperature. During each aeration, adjust the air temperature of the heat exchanger to match the current target temperature to ensure oxygen supply while maintaining a stable environment.
[0053] II. Pasteurization Stage After the third fermentation, the pasteurization stage begins. Temperature is maintained primarily by the heat accumulated during the initial fermentation and the residual metabolic heat from the starter culture, keeping the culture medium temperature between 65-70℃ for 5-6 hours. During sterilization, the aeration system dynamically adjusts according to the temperature: when the temperature exceeds the upper limit, a high-pressure blower introduces air that has been cooled by a heat exchanger before being introduced; when the temperature is insufficient, the heat exchanger adjusts the air temperature to the upper limit of the sterilization target temperature, supplementing heat through aeration. Simultaneously, the room temperature control system maintains a stable ambient temperature, minimizing temperature fluctuations inside and outside the incubation box 1, ensuring the elimination of contaminating microorganisms while preserving the effective components of the culture medium.
[0054] After sterilization, it is naturally cooled to 25-30℃, which is suitable for the large-scale cultivation of various fungi such as bamboo fungus and Armillaria mellea with sawdust as the main culture medium. The fermentation time and temperature parameters corresponding to different fungi species and culture medium formulas can be adjusted appropriately. For example, the first fermentation time for bamboo fungus cultivation can be extended by 1-2 days, and the upper limit of the second fermentation temperature can be increased by 2-3℃ for Armillaria mellea cultivation.
[0055] The entire process takes 24-33 days. When the sawdust particles in the culture medium are coarser or have a higher lignin content, the time can be extended by 3-4 days. When the sawdust particles are finer or have a higher proportion of wheat bran, the time can be shortened by 2-3 days.
[0056] III. Inoculation, Mycelium Cultivation, and Fruiting Stages After fermentation and sterilization, solid spawn is manually filled into the cultivation box 1 through the harvesting port, and then covered with soil. Alternatively, the mobile platform 4 can be pushed out of the cultivation chamber 6, and the cultivation box 1 can be removed from the stack, spawn and soil can be added, and then the stack can be pushed back into the cultivation chamber 6. During this process, automated management of temperature, light, air and humidity is implemented for mycelium cultivation, mushroom production, harvesting and sales. Because the fermentation material cannot provide sufficient nutrients for some mushrooms that require a long fruiting period and rely on a continuous supply of lignin, sawdust sticks need to be added during the inoculation stage in addition to the spawn to provide a long-term nutrient supply.
[0057] After the mushrooms have grown, they are harvested through the harvesting channel from the harvesting port of cultivation box 1. After one round of cultivation is completed, all mobile platforms 4 are transferred out of cultivation chamber 6 for the next batch of mushroom cultivation.
[0058] The entire fermentation and pasteurization process takes 24-33 days. The fermentation time and temperature parameters can be adjusted appropriately for different mushroom species and culture medium formulas. For example, the first fermentation time for bamboo fungus cultivation can be extended by 1-2 days, and the upper limit of the second fermentation temperature can be increased by 2-3 days for Armillaria mellea cultivation. When the sawdust particle size in the culture medium is relatively coarse or the lignin content is relatively high, the fermentation time can be extended by 3-4 days, and when the sawdust particle size is relatively fine or the proportion of wheat bran is relatively high, the fermentation time can be shortened by 2-3 days.
[0059] This utility model is not limited to the optional embodiments described above, and anyone can derive other various forms of products under the guidance of this utility model. The specific embodiments described above should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model shall be determined by the claims, and the description can be used to interpret the claims.
Claims
1. A soil-covered mushroom cultivation system for automated batch cultivation of mushrooms, characterized in that: Includes management module (2) and incubation chamber (6); The cultivation chamber (6) is equipped with several mobile platforms (4), and several rows of cultivation boxes (1) are placed on each mobile platform (4). The cultivation boxes (1) are open structures and contain culture medium. Each row of cultivation boxes (1) is stacked. The liquid required for cultivation is supplied to each cultivation box (1) through the water supply road provided in the cultivation chamber (6), and the aeration gas required for fermentation of culture medium is supplied to each cultivation box (1) individually through the gas supply road provided in the cultivation chamber (6). The management module (2) includes an air pump connected to the air supply road in the cultivation chamber (6) and a water supply component connected to the water supply road in the cultivation chamber (6). It also includes a temperature control component for adjusting the temperature in the cultivation chamber (6). Temperature sensors and humidity sensors connected to the management module are provided in the cultivation chamber (6) and each cultivation box (1). The temperature is controlled by aerating the culture medium and supplying fermentation liquid in each cultivation box (1) based on the real-time temperature feedback from the temperature sensors, so that the culture medium undergoes at least two fermentations.
2. The soil-covered mushroom cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control component is an air conditioning system. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided in the culture chamber (6) to connect to the air conditioning system and to control the ambient temperature of the culture chamber (6).
3. The soil-covered mushroom cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The management module (2) also includes a gas filtration and circulation system, which is connected to the gas supply road in the cultivation chamber (6) via an air pump.
4. The soil-covered mushroom cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply assembly includes a storage tank, a mixing tank, and a water pump. The mixing tank mixes the materials entering from several storage tanks to form a liquid supply material, which is then injected into the water supply path by the water pump.
5. The soil-covered mushroom cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation chamber (6) is equipped with a track, and the mobile platform (4) moves by means of the track.
6. The soil-covered mushroom cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile platform (4) is provided with water channels and air channels. Each water channel and air channel has two connecting ends. The water channels and air channels of adjacent mobile platforms (4) are connected by a sealed plug-in at the connecting ends. The air channels on all mobile platforms (4) in the cultivation chamber (6) are interconnected to form an air supply road. The water channels on all mobile platforms (4) in the cultivation chamber (6) are interconnected to form a water supply road. The air and water supply are connected to the air channels and water channels at any end of the mobile platform (4) convoy that forms a head-to-tail connection in the cultivation chamber (6).
7. The soil-covered mushroom cultivation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The incubation box (1) has an internal air channel and an internal water channel. The air channel on the moving platform (4) is connected to the internal air channel of the bottommost incubation box (1) in each column, and the water channel is connected to the internal water channel of the bottommost incubation box (1) in each column. The internal air channels and internal water channels between adjacent stacked incubation boxes (1) are connected.