Synthesizing ammonia column internals reactor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a synthetic ammonia tower inner part reactor, it includes outer tube and center tube, outer tube sets up in pressure container, and center tube inserts outer tube from upper end, and center tube is equipped with first grade heat exchanger, and second grade heat exchanger sets up just below first grade heat exchanger, and second grade heat exchanger center is provided with second grade heat exchanger breather pipe, and it is coaxial with center tube, and its pipe diameter is same with breather pipe, and the top of second grade heat exchanger breather pipe is fixedly connected with cylindrical support ring I, and the bottom outer wall of center tube is equipped with piston ring, and the piston ring is matched with second grade heat exchanger support ring I inboard wall gap, second grade heat exchanger thermal expansion, and second grade heat exchanger breather pipe expands and drives support ring I to move up, and the upper end of breather pipe is in contact with the lower end of center tube, and drives center tube to slide up, and effectively solve the thermal stress problem caused by internal thermal expansion of inner part reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chemical equipment manufacturing, specifically to an internal reactor for a synthetic ammonia tower that can eliminate the problem of thermal expansion of internal reactors. Background Technology

[0002] In many fields of the chemical industry, synthesis towers, as core equipment for realizing exothermic multi-molecular synthesis reactions, directly impact the efficiency and safety of the entire production process through their performance and reliability. Chemical reactions occurring inside synthesis towers, such as those in the Haber process for ammonia synthesis, are typical exothermic processes. The outer cylinder houses both a first and second heat exchanger system, resulting in the release of significant amounts of heat. This heat needs to be transferred to other media through the internal heat exchangers to maintain the required temperature range for the reaction and ensure its smooth progress. However, the heat exchange between the high-temperature gas and the heat exchanger inevitably causes significant thermal expansion on the heat exchanger tube walls. During the contact between the high-temperature gas and the heat exchanger tube walls, due to uneven temperature distribution, varying degrees of thermal expansion occur on the heat exchanger tube walls and the central tube. If this thermal expansion is not effectively controlled and released, it will lead to stress concentration on the heat exchanger tube wall, which in turn will cause deformation, cracks or even damage to the heat exchanger equipment. Especially in critical parts such as welded joints and tube sheet connections, the accumulation of thermal stress may seriously damage the heat exchanger, affect the safe and stable operation of the synthesis tower, and may cause production accidents. In addition, the presence of thermal stress will also reduce the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, affecting the overall energy efficiency and production efficiency of the synthesis tower. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a reactor for the internal components of an ammonia synthesis tower, which has a reasonable structural design and can effectively release the thermal stress generated by the thermal expansion of the reactor for the ammonia synthesis tower.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows: A reactor for an ammonia synthesis tower includes an outer cylinder and a central tube. The outer cylinder is housed within a pressure vessel, and the central tube is inserted into the outer cylinder from the top. A first-stage heat exchanger is fitted onto the central tube, and a second-stage heat exchanger is positioned directly below the first-stage heat exchanger. A second-stage heat exchanger vent pipe is located at the center of the second-stage heat exchanger, coaxial with the central tube, and has the same diameter as the vent pipe. A cylindrical support ring I is fixedly connected to the top of the second-stage heat exchanger vent pipe, and a piston ring is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the central tube. The piston ring is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the second-stage heat exchanger support ring I. When the second-stage heat exchanger thermally expands, the support ring moves upward. This linkage structure can transmit the internal thermal stress generated by the thermal expansion of the second-stage heat exchanger vent pipe upward through the support ring I, causing the central tube to slide upward.

[0005] Furthermore, the support ring I is also provided with a gasket, which is located between the top of the vent pipe and the central pipe. When the support ring I moves upward, the upper and lower ends of the gasket contact and connect with the lower end of the central pipe and the upper end of the vent pipe, respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, a short central tube is fitted around the central tube. The top of the short central tube is fixedly connected to the top of the central tube, but the short central tube is not connected to the central tube. The short central tube is provided with a start-up air inlet and an air outlet at its lower end. The upper end of the outer cylinder is a cylindrical cover plate with an insertion hole at its center. The outer wall of the middle part of the short central tube is slidably connected to the insertion hole through a loose flange. A support ring II is fixedly provided at the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger, and a piston ring is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the short central tube. The piston ring is clearance-fitted with the support ring II of the first-stage heat exchanger. The piston ring of the short central tube slides up and down in contact with the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger, which can buffer the problem of thermal expansion and upward movement of the first-stage heat exchanger. More thermal expansion is transferred out through contact with the condenser. The sliding linkage device formed by the first-stage heat exchanger and the short central tube further reduces the damage of thermal internal stress to the first-stage heat exchanger and reactor.

[0007] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the upper part of the short central tube is larger than that of the lower part, and the gap formed between the short central tube and the central tube is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, which can increase the flow velocity when the starting gas enters the lower part, which is beneficial to improving the preheating efficiency.

[0008] The lower outer wall of the short central tube is provided with multiple annular grooves for installing piston rings to prevent the reverse permeation of the reaction gas.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner interface of the starting gas inlet pipe is connected to the starting gas inlet pipe, and the other end of the starting gas inlet pipe is connected to the starting gas main pipeline system on the inner wall of the pressure vessel. The inlet is located above the cylindrical cover plate. During installation, the inner interface of the starting gas inlet pipe is lower than the starting gas main pipeline system on the inner wall of the pressure vessel. An expansion joint is provided in the middle of the starting gas inlet pipe. The expansion joint of the starting gas inlet pipe is installed at an angle with the upper part higher than the lower part. When the reactor is started and working, the generated thermal internal stress causes the central pipe to push the starting gas inlet pipe system to produce axial displacement, dispersing the thermal expansion force to the radial direction.

[0010] Furthermore, this utility model also includes an auxiliary support platform and a condenser box. The auxiliary support platform is fixedly installed on the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger. The condenser box is located below the cylindrical cover plate and above the auxiliary support platform of the first-stage heat exchanger, and is sleeved around the central tube. The cylindrical cover plate is provided with a through hole, and the condenser box is hung on the through hole. The side wall of the condenser box is provided with a condensate gas inlet pipe inner interface. The condensate gas inlet pipe inner interface is connected to the condensate gas inlet pipe. After extending horizontally, the condensate gas inlet pipe passes through the through hole of the cylindrical cover plate vertically upward. The condensate gas inlet pipe includes a vertical pipe part, which is connected to the through hole through a loose flange. The lower outer wall of the loose flange is in sliding clearance fit with the through hole.

[0011] The top side of the condensate inlet pipe is equipped with a condensate vertical pipe interface. One end of the condensate inlet pipe is connected to the condensate vertical pipe interface, and the other end is connected to the interface on the inner wall of the pressure vessel. When the reactor is started, the thermal expansion force of the first-stage heat exchanger is transmitted through the auxiliary support platform, pushing the condenser box upward and dispersing it radially through the inlet pipe system.

[0012] Furthermore, during installation, a gap is left between the bottom of the condenser box and the auxiliary support platform of the first-stage heat exchanger as a buffer distance for thermal expansion.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower part of the condenser box near the central tube is a slope, and the auxiliary support platform of the first-stage heat exchanger is also provided with a slope. During installation, the two slopes are spaced apart and kept parallel.

[0014] Furthermore, the centerline of the start-up gas inlet pipe, the axis of the vertical pipe of the condensate gas inlet pipe, and the axis of the central pipe are on the same plane to ensure that the overall stress on the internal reactor of the ammonia synthesis tower is balanced.

[0015] Furthermore, a lifting lug is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cylindrical cover plate, and the lifting lug is provided with a vertical strip hole. A hanging lug is provided at the upper part of one end of the condenser box. The hanging lug is slidably connected to the strip hole through a horizontal shaft pin. In the natural state, the hanging lug pin of the condenser box is located at the bottom of the strip hole, the loose flange is fitted into the through hole, and the condenser box is located at the bottom position. When the container is turned on and reacts, the condenser box is lifted up, and the loose flange drives the vertical pipe part to move upward.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The internal reactor structure of the ammonia synthesis tower of this utility model is reasonably designed. The upward movement of the central tube and short central tube effectively solves the thermal stress problem caused by the thermal expansion inside the main internal reactor. The thermal expansion problem of the heat exchanger system can be solved by the auxiliary support platform, thereby improving the safety and stability of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a short central tube structure; Figure 3 This is a top view of the cylindrical cover plate structure.

[0019] 1 Outer cylinder, 2 Central tube, 3 Short central tube, 4 First stage heat exchanger, 41 First stage heat exchanger support ring II, 42 Auxiliary support platform, 5 Second stage heat exchanger, 51 Second stage heat exchanger support ring I, 6 Piston ring, 7 Starting gas inlet pipe, 71 Starting gas inlet pipe expansion joint, 8 Pressure vessel, 9 Cylindrical cover plate, 10 Condensation box, 101 Condensate gas inlet pipe, 102 Vertical pipe section, 103 Condensate gas inlet pipe expansion joint, 104 Condensate gas side inlet pipe, 11 Vent pipe, 12 Lifting lug, 13 Gasket ring, 14 Connector. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0021] like Figure 1-3 As shown in the figure, this utility model embodiment provides a reactor for the internal components of an ammonia synthesis tower, which includes an outer cylinder 1 and a central tube 2. The outer cylinder 1 is installed inside a pressure vessel 8, and the central tube 2 is inserted into the outer cylinder 1 from the top. A first-stage heat exchanger 4 is fitted onto the central tube 2, and a second-stage heat exchanger 5 is located directly below the first-stage heat exchanger 4. A second-stage heat exchanger vent pipe 11 is located at the center of the second-stage heat exchanger 5, which is coaxial with the central tube 2 and has the same diameter as the vent pipe. A cylindrical support ring I is fixedly connected to the top of the second-stage heat exchanger vent pipe, and a piston ring is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the central tube 2. The piston ring is in clearance fit with the inner side wall of the second-stage heat exchanger support ring I 51. When the second-stage heat exchanger expands thermally, the support ring moves upward. This linkage structure can transmit the thermal internal stress generated by the thermal expansion of the second-stage heat exchanger vent pipe upward through the support ring I, causing the central tube 2 to slide upward.

[0022] Furthermore, the support ring I is also provided with a gasket, which is located between the top of the vent pipe and the central pipe 2. When the support ring I moves upward, the upper and lower ends of the gasket contact and connect with the lower end of the central pipe 2 and the upper end of the vent pipe, respectively.

[0023] Furthermore, a short central tube 3 is sleeved around the central tube 2. The top of the short central tube 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the central tube 2, but the short central tube 3 is not connected to the central tube 2. The short central tube 3 is provided with a start-up air inlet and an air outlet at its lower end. The upper end of the outer cylinder 1 is a cylindrical cover plate 9 with an insertion hole at its center. The middle outer wall of the short central tube 3 is slidably connected to the insertion hole through a loose flange. A support ring II is fixedly provided at the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger 4. A piston ring 6 is provided on the bottom outer wall of the short central tube 3. The piston ring 6 is clearance-fitted with the support ring II 41 of the first-stage heat exchanger. The piston ring of the short central tube 3 slides up and down in contact with the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger, which can buffer the problem of thermal expansion and upward movement of the first-stage heat exchanger. More thermal expansion is transferred out through contact with the condenser. The sliding linkage device formed by the first-stage heat exchanger and the short central tube 3 further reduces the damage of thermal internal stress to the first-stage heat exchanger and reactor.

[0024] The outer cylinder 1 is the main container of the internal reactor of the ammonia synthesis tower, used to house the central tube 2 and the heat exchanger system. The material selection for the outer cylinder 1 should consider properties such as high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. The central tube 2 is the core component of the internal reactor of the ammonia synthesis tower, located inside the outer cylinder 1. The central tube 2 is fitted with the first-stage heat exchanger, and the vent pipe is fitted with the second-stage heat exchanger. The function of the central tube 2 and the vent pipe is to transfer the reaction gas and withstand thermal stress.

[0025] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the upper part of the short central tube 3 is larger than that of the lower part, and the gap formed between the short central tube 3 and the central tube 2 is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, which can increase the flow velocity when the starting gas enters the lower part, which is beneficial to improving the preheating efficiency.

[0026] The lower outer wall of the short central tube 3 is provided with multiple annular grooves for installing piston rings to prevent the reverse permeation of the reaction gas.

[0027] The first-stage heat exchanger 4 is not in contact with the central tube 2, and there is a gap between them. The first-stage heat exchanger 4 and the second-stage heat exchanger 5 are connected through the connector 14 to facilitate the flow of heat exchange medium. The connector is a cylindrical structure that is sleeved around the support ring I.

[0028] Furthermore, the inner interface of the starting gas inlet pipe is connected to the starting gas inlet pipe 7, and the other end of the starting gas inlet pipe 7 is connected to the starting gas main pipeline system on the inner wall of the pressure vessel. The inlet is located above the cylindrical cover plate 9. During installation, the inner interface of the starting gas inlet pipe is lower than the starting gas main pipeline system on the inner wall of the pressure vessel. The starting gas inlet pipe is provided with a starting gas inlet pipe expansion joint 71 in the middle. The starting gas inlet pipe expansion joint is installed at an angle with the upper part higher than the lower part. When the reactor is started, the generated thermal internal stress causes the central pipe 2 to push the starting gas inlet pipe system to produce axial displacement, dispersing the thermal expansion force to the radial direction.

[0029] Furthermore, this utility model also includes an auxiliary support platform 42 and a condenser box 10. The auxiliary support platform 42 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger. The condenser box is located below the cylindrical cover plate and above the auxiliary support platform 42 of the first-stage heat exchanger, and is sleeved around the central tube 2. The cylindrical cover plate 9 is provided with a through hole, and the condenser box 10 is hung on the through hole. The side wall of the condenser box 10 is provided with a condensate gas inlet pipe inner interface. The condensate gas inlet pipe inner interface is connected to the condensate gas inlet pipe 101. After the condensate gas inlet pipe extends horizontally, it passes through the through hole of the cylindrical cover plate vertically upward. The condensate gas inlet pipe includes a vertical pipe part 102. The vertical pipe part is connected to the through hole through a loose flange. The lower outer wall of the loose flange is in sliding clearance fit with the through hole.

[0030] The top side of the condensate inlet pipe is equipped with a condensate vertical pipe interface. One end of the condensate inlet pipe is connected to the condensate vertical pipe interface, and the other end is connected to the interface on the inner wall of the pressure vessel. When the reactor is started, the thermal expansion force of the first-stage heat exchanger is transmitted through the auxiliary support platform 42 to push the condenser box upward, and then dispersed in the radial direction through the inlet pipe system.

[0031] Furthermore, during installation, a gap is left between the bottom of the condenser box and the auxiliary support platform 42 of the first-stage heat exchanger as a buffer distance for thermal expansion. When this gap decreases to zero due to thermal expansion, the auxiliary support platform 42 of the first-stage heat exchanger contacts the condenser box, transferring the thermal internal stress of the first-stage heat exchanger to the condenser box. The condenser box then transfers the thermal internal stress to the top condensate gas inlet pipe expansion joint 103. The expansion joint is pre-stressed. After the thermal internal stress offsets the pre-stress of the expansion joint, the condenser expansion joint absorbs the remaining thermal internal stress, and the expansion joint is compressed. The vertical pipe section moves upward along the axial direction, and the pre-installed top condensate gas side inlet pipe 104 with an inclined angle reaches a horizontal position. In this embodiment, this gap is set to 5-10 cm.

[0032] Furthermore, the lower part of the condenser box near the central tube 2 is an inclined surface, and the auxiliary support platform 42 of the first-stage heat exchanger is also provided with an inclined surface. During installation, the two inclined surfaces are spaced apart and kept parallel.

[0033] Furthermore, a lifting lug is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cylindrical cover plate, and the lifting lug is provided with a vertical strip hole. A hanging lug is provided at the upper part of one end of the condenser box. The hanging lug is slidably connected to the strip hole through a horizontal shaft pin. In the natural state, the hanging lug pin of the condenser box is located at the bottom of the strip hole, the loose flange is fitted into the through hole, and the condenser box is located at the bottom position. When the container is turned on and reacts, the condenser box is lifted up, and the loose flange drives the vertical pipe part to move upward.

[0034] Furthermore, by setting the centerline of the start-up gas inlet pipe, the axis of the condensate vertical pipe, and the axis of the central pipe 2 on the same plane in space, the overall stress on the internal components of the ammonia synthesis tower reactor can be kept from conflict, thereby improving the stability and safety of the equipment.

[0035] The ammonia synthesis tower internal reactor provided in this embodiment can more effectively solve the problem of thermal expansion of the ammonia synthesis tower internal reactor, improve the stability and safety of the equipment, reduce production costs, and increase production efficiency.

[0036] The above provides several embodiments for solving the problem of thermal expansion of the reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower. It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reactor for the internal components of an ammonia synthesis tower, comprising an outer cylinder and a central tube, the outer cylinder being disposed within a pressure vessel, the central tube being inserted into the outer cylinder from its upper end, a first-stage heat exchanger being fitted onto the central tube, a second-stage heat exchanger being disposed directly below the first-stage heat exchanger, and a second-stage heat exchanger vent pipe being disposed at the center of the second-stage heat exchanger, coaxial with the central tube, and having the same diameter as the vent pipe, characterized in that… A cylindrical support ring I is fixedly connected to the top of the vent pipe of the second-stage heat exchanger, and a piston ring is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the central tube. The piston ring is in clearance fit with the inner side wall of the support ring I of the second-stage heat exchanger. When the second-stage heat exchanger expands thermally, the vent pipe of the second-stage heat exchanger expands and drives the support ring I to move upward. The upper end of the vent pipe contacts the lower end of the central tube, which drives the central tube to slide upward.

2. The reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gasket is also provided inside the support ring I, which is located between the top of the vent pipe and the central pipe. When the support ring I moves upward, the upper and lower ends of the gasket contact and connect with the lower end of the central pipe and the upper end of the vent pipe, respectively.

3. The reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: A short central tube is also sleeved outside the central tube. The top of the short central tube is fixedly connected to the top of the central tube, but the short central tube is not connected to the central tube. The short central tube is provided with a start-up air inlet and an air outlet at its lower end. The upper end of the outer cylinder is a cylindrical cover plate with an insertion hole at its center. The outer wall of the middle part of the short central tube is slidably connected to the insertion hole through a loose flange. A support ring II is fixedly provided at the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger. A piston ring is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the short central tube. The piston ring is clearance-fitted with the support ring II of the first-stage heat exchanger. The piston ring of the short central tube slides in contact with the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger.

4. The reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the upper part of the short central tube is larger than that of the lower part, and the cavity formed between the short central tube and the central tube is funnel-shaped.

5. The reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower outer wall of the short central tube is provided with multiple annular grooves for installing piston rings.

6. The reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 3, characterized in that: The starting air inlet is connected to the starting air inlet pipe, and the other end of the starting air inlet pipe is connected to the starting air main pipeline system on the inner wall of the pressure vessel. The inlet is located above the cylindrical cover plate, and an expansion joint is provided in the middle of the starting air inlet pipe.

7. The reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes an auxiliary support platform and a condenser box. The auxiliary support platform is fixedly installed at the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger. The condenser box is located below the cylindrical cover plate and above the auxiliary support platform of the first-stage heat exchanger, and is fitted around the central tube. The cylindrical cover plate is provided with a through hole, and the condenser box is hung on the through hole. The side wall of the condenser box is provided with a condensate gas inlet pipe interface. The condensate gas inlet pipe interface is connected to the condensate gas inlet pipe. The condensate gas inlet pipe extends horizontally and then passes through the through hole of the cylindrical cover plate vertically. The condensate gas inlet pipe includes a vertical pipe part, which is connected to the through hole through a loose flange. The lower outer wall of the loose flange is in sliding clearance fit with the through hole.

8. The reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top side of the condensate inlet pipe is equipped with a condensate vertical pipe interface. One end of the condensate inlet pipe is connected to the condensate vertical pipe interface, and the other end is connected to the inner wall interface of the pressure vessel.

9. The reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 8, characterized in that: There is a gap between the bottom of the condenser box and the auxiliary support platform of the first-stage heat exchanger. The lower part of the condenser box near the central tube is a slope. The auxiliary support platform of the first-stage heat exchanger is also provided with a slope. During installation, the two slopes are spaced apart and kept parallel.

10. The reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 7, characterized in that: Furthermore, the centerline of the starter air intake pipe, the axis of the vertical pipe of the condenser air intake pipe, and the axis of the center pipe are on the same plane.

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