A shredder-type grating machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of can handle domestic sewage garbage's comminution type grating machine.The utility model provides a kind of grating machine, by being equipped with the spindle hob of hammer cutter and being equipped with the auxiliary shaft hob of spiral cutter group, garbage in sewage is comminuted into a kind of comminution type grating machine that is small enough not to jam pump station water pump especially impeller.By being equipped with the spindle hob of hammer cutter and being equipped with the auxiliary shaft hob of spiral cutter group, garbage in sewage is comminuted into a kind of comminution type grating machine that is small enough not to jam pump station water pump especially impeller.A kind of comminution type grating machine, including shell, the shell is box structure, the shell includes feed inlet, comminution bin, discharge port, gear box, the feed inlet, comminution bin, discharge port jointly constitute an inner cavity structure that penetrates the front and rear ends of shell, main shaft hob, auxiliary shaft hob are installed in the comminution bin, the auxiliary shaft hob is located in the front of main shaft hob, form stepped broken flow channel and enhance garbage comminution effect, the shell is installed motor, the main shaft hob is hammer cutter, the auxiliary shaft hob is spiral cutter group.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a shredder-type bar screen that can process domestic sewage and garbage. Background Technology

[0002] Due to incomplete separation of rainwater and sewage in the sewage pipe network, residents' living environment generates sewage containing various kinds of garbage. This sewage flows directly through the sewage pipes. However, some textile waste is soft and easily gets tangled with other garbage, forming large pieces of debris. This causes blockage of the sewage pipe booster pump station, preventing water from being pumped. Furthermore, garbage blockage of the sewage pump can cause impeller jamming, vibration, and even overflow, leading to the burnout of the pump motor. Therefore, the applicant has developed a shredder-type bar screen that effectively crushes large pieces of garbage, especially textile waste, in sewage. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model provides a bar screen, which uses a main shaft cutter equipped with hammer blades and a secondary shaft cutter equipped with a spiral cutter group to pulverize garbage in sewage into sufficiently fine particles that will not clog pumping stations, especially the impeller.

[0004] A crushing bar screen includes a housing, which is a box structure. The housing includes a feed inlet, a crushing chamber, a discharge outlet, and a gearbox. The feed inlet, crushing chamber, and discharge outlet together form an internal cavity structure that runs through the front and rear ends of the housing. The crushing chamber is equipped with a main shaft roller cutter and a secondary shaft roller cutter. The secondary shaft roller cutter is located in front of the main shaft roller cutter, forming a stepped crushing channel to enhance the waste crushing effect. The housing is equipped with a motor. The main shaft roller cutter is a hammer cutter, and the secondary shaft roller cutter is a spiral cutter assembly.

[0005] This crushing bar screen also includes a gearbox, comprising a main shaft gear fixedly mounted to the main shaft hob, a secondary shaft gear fixedly mounted to the secondary shaft hob, and a motor gear fixedly mounted to the motor's output shaft. One end of the motor gear meshes with the main shaft gear, and the other end meshes with the secondary shaft gear. The hammer blades of the main shaft blades consist of six sets of fan-shaped cross-section blades with a cutting angle of 120° and a circumferential spacing of 60°. The secondary shaft blade assembly is a three-head spiral blade assembly with a pitch of 150mm, forming a 30° staggered angle with the hammer blades.

[0006] Preferably, a cylindrical drum is provided on the side of the crushing chamber near the feed inlet. The drum is adjacent to the main shaft cutter. The outer surface of the drum has a plurality of drum grids parallel to the drum's axis, and a filter opening is formed between each drum grid. The drum and the main shaft cutter are parallel to each other and rotate in opposite directions. The drum grids are used to separate large and small waste from sewage. The size of the filter openings between the drum grids is smaller than the size of the waste after being crushed by the main and auxiliary cutters. When sewage flows into the drum of this bar screen, waste larger than the size of the filter opening is blocked by the drum grid bars and cannot pass through the drum to the discharge port and pass through the bar screen. Waste smaller than the size of the filter opening will pass through the drum grid with the water and continue flowing through the bar screen.

[0007] Preferably, a cylindrical drum is located on the side of the crushing chamber near the feed inlet. The drum is adjacent to the secondary shaft cutter. The outer surface of the drum has a plurality of drum baffles parallel to the drum's axis. These baffles do not contact the drum's arc surface, and filter openings are formed between each baffle. The drum and the secondary shaft cutter are parallel to each other and rotate in opposite directions. The drum baffles are used to separate large and small waste from wastewater. The size of the filter openings between the drum baffles is smaller than the size of the waste after being crushed by the main and secondary cutters. When wastewater enters the drum of this bar screen, waste larger than the filter opening size is blocked by the drum baffles and cannot pass through the drum to the discharge outlet. Waste smaller than the filter opening size passes through the drum baffle with the water and continues flowing through the bar screen.

[0008] Another implementation scheme involves two drums located on the outer side of the main shaft cutter and the auxiliary shaft cutter of the bar screen. One drum is located on the side of the main shaft cutter but away from the auxiliary shaft cutter, and the other drum is located on the side of the auxiliary shaft cutter but away from the main shaft cutter. This design aims to prevent larger debris from passing between the main shaft cutter and the auxiliary shaft cutter and ensuring that the larger debris is crushed into smaller pieces by the combined action of the two cutters before reaching the discharge port.

[0009] Preferably, overflow grilles are provided on both the left and right sides of the outer casing. Each overflow grille consists of a grille shell and a grille mesh. The grille shell has an overflow port extending from front to back, and the grille mesh covers the overflow port. Sometimes, the volume of wastewater flowing into this bar screen is relatively large. The overflow grilles on both sides of the bar screen can perform a simple filtration of the excessively large flow of wastewater, allowing smaller debris to pass through the overflow grilles with the water flow, while larger debris is blocked outside the overflow grilles and awaits pulverization by the bar screen. The overflow grilles on the left and right sides form an acute angle, allowing the wastewater flowing into the bar screen to converge towards the inlet.

[0010] Preferably, the differential speed ratio between the main shaft roller cutter and the auxiliary shaft roller cutter is 1.5:1, meaning the main shaft roller cutter rotates faster than the auxiliary shaft roller cutter. The main shaft roller cutter assembly uses hammer cutters to impact and crush the waste, while the auxiliary shaft roller cutter assembly uses a spiral cutter assembly to cut and tear the waste. The two cutter assemblies work together through differential transmission. The core function of differential transmission is to optimize crushing efficiency and prevent clogging. The differential transmission and collaborative operation of the two roller cutters is reflected in the following aspects:

[0011] 1. Enhanced tearing and shearing effects. Differential operation allows the hammer blades of the main shaft hob to impact large debris such as plastic bottles or branches at a higher speed, while the spiral blade assembly of the secondary shaft hob cuts at a lower speed for fine cutting. This creates axial and radial cross-shearing, thoroughly pulverizing flexible waste such as fibers and hair, avoiding the formation of long strip-shaped residues, and ensuring uniform particle size, typically achieving a particle size between 6-12mm.

[0012] 2. Anti-tangling and automatic cleaning: The differential speed design causes the blade cutting lines to cross and overlap, automatically peeling off attached impurities during operation, preventing garbage from tangling around the blades or clogging the screen, and reducing the need for manual cleaning.

[0013] 3. Improve energy efficiency and equipment lifespan: By differentially matching the load of the cutter set, the hammer cutter of the main spindle hob provides high impact force, while the helical cutter set of the secondary spindle hob provides high cutting accuracy, reducing ineffective energy consumption and preventing insufficiently small particles of debris from passing directly through. At the same time, it reduces blade wear and extends the service life of key components such as titanium alloy helical cutters.

[0014] In practical applications, the differential speed mechanism combines the impact crushing characteristics of the hammer blade with the spiral shearing advantages of the spiral blade, which can efficiently treat mixed impurities such as flexible fibers and brittle waste in municipal sewage and industrial wastewater, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the system.

[0015] The core reason for using a 1.5:1 differential speed ratio between the two roller cutters, instead of the more common 1:1 ratio, is that it achieves a more efficient balance between crushing force and shearing accuracy, while optimizing equipment reliability and energy consumption. Specific differences are analyzed below:

[0016] 1. In terms of crushing efficiency and material adaptability, a differential speed ratio of 1.5:1 can create a more significant cross-action of axial tearing force and radial shear force, thoroughly crushing mixed waste, such as plastic-fiber composites commonly found in municipal sewage, and avoiding residual long strips entangled.

[0017] 2. Regarding particle size control, at a 1.5:1 differential speed, the blade gap can be precisely controlled to 0.2mm. Combined with the 45-50HRC hardness of the titanium alloy blades, this ensures a uniform crushed particle size of 6-12mm, meeting subsequent processing requirements. If a 1:1 speed difference is used, insufficient speed difference may result in flexible impurities not being completely sheared, increasing the risk of clogging in subsequent equipment.

[0018] 3. Regarding the dynamic slag removal mechanism for anti-entanglement and self-cleaning capabilities, the 1.5:1 differential speed causes the main and auxiliary blades to move in a periodic, staggered shearing pattern. The blades automatically detach attached materials during rotation, preventing fibers from entangled on the blade shaft. If the differential speed ratio is too small, the spiral blade assembly may experience excessive torque due to excessive rotational speed, accelerating blade wear.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model utilizes a combination of a main shaft roller cutter with a fan-shaped hammer cutter structure and a secondary shaft roller cutter with a spiral cutter group structure. Through a differential dual-shaft cutter group collaborative crushing system, it can crush garbage hidden in sewage into homogeneous particles with a particle size of ≤10mm. This ensures that the crushed particles can freely pass through the impeller of the subsequent water pump with the fluid, eliminating the risk of impeller jamming caused by long fiber residue in traditional bar screens, and effectively reducing the failure rate of the pumps in the pumping station by ≥90%. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a crushing bar screen according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the rotating drum 4 of a crushing bar screen according to this utility model.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing operation of the main shaft roller cutter 2 and the auxiliary shaft roller cutter 3 of a crushing bar screen according to this utility model. The arrows indicate the direction of waste feeding.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the main shaft roller cutter 2 and the auxiliary shaft roller cutter 3 of a crushing bar screen according to this utility model, with them arranged vertically. Two rotating drums 4 are provided on the outer sides of the main shaft roller cutter 2 and the auxiliary shaft roller cutter 3.

[0024] Attached diagram descriptions: 11-Outer shell, 12-Motor, 2-Main shaft cutter, 3-Secondary shaft cutter, 4-Drum, 41-Drum grid, 5-Overflow grid, 51-Grid mesh, 61-Blocking waste, 62-Small waste, 63-Discharged waste. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Reference Figure 1-4This utility model discloses a crushing bar screen, including a housing 11, which is a box structure. The housing 11 includes a feed inlet, a crushing chamber, a discharge outlet, and a gearbox. The feed inlet, crushing chamber, and discharge outlet together form an internal cavity structure that runs through the front and rear ends of the housing. The crushing chamber is equipped with a main shaft roller cutter 2 and a secondary shaft roller cutter 3. The secondary shaft roller cutter 3 is located in front of the main shaft roller cutter 2. The housing 11 is equipped with a motor 12. The main shaft roller cutter 2 is a hammer cutter, and the secondary shaft roller cutter 3 is a spiral cutter assembly.

[0027] During operation, the main shaft roller 2 and the auxiliary shaft roller 3 rotate in opposite directions. At the feed inlet, the main shaft roller 2 rotates towards the auxiliary shaft roller 3, allowing waste in the sewage to be fed into the space between the main shaft roller 2 and the auxiliary shaft roller 3, where it is crushed by the rollers. Drums 4 are located on the outer side of the main shaft roller 2 and the inner side of the auxiliary shaft roller 3. The drum 4 closer to the main shaft roller 2 rotates in the opposite direction to the main shaft roller 2, and the drum 4 closer to the auxiliary shaft roller 3 rotates in the opposite direction to the auxiliary shaft roller 3. This provides a reaction force to the sewage impacting the drums 4, pushing away larger pieces of waste hidden in the sewage. This prevents large pieces of waste from "escaping" into the gap between the drum 4 and the main shaft roller 2 or the auxiliary shaft roller 3, passing through the crushing process of the two rollers, and directly reaching the discharge outlet. These large pieces of waste would then freely enter the pump casing with the water flow, causing the pump impeller to jam.

[0028] Assuming the sewage contains rags and other garbage, when the rags enter between the two roller cutters, they will get stuck between the blades of the main roller cutter 2. As the rollers rotate, the rags will wrap around the blades of the main roller cutter 2. At this time, the rotation of the secondary roller cutter 3 will cause the blades of its spiral cutter group to rotate between the blades of the main roller cutter 2, that is, to continuously apply cutting force to the rags wrapped around the main roller cutter 2, so that the rags are cut into pieces and can no longer wrap around the main roller cutter 2.

[0029] refer to Figure 3 Suppose the sewage contains hard, lumpy debris 61 that could easily jam the pump impeller. When this debris 61 enters between the two roller cutters, it gets stuck between the blades of the main shaft roller cutter 2. The protruding end of the debris 61 is "bitten" off by the two roller cutters, forming smaller debris 62 that enters the concave surface of the auxiliary shaft roller cutter 3 of the spiral cutter assembly. The smaller debris 62 is then further crushed by the two roller cutters into very fine pieces that will not jam the pump impeller, resulting in discharged debris 63. At this point, after one protruding end of the debris 61 is "bitten off," it becomes even smaller and, under the impact of the water flow, returns between the two roller cutters to have other protruding ends "bitten off" until it is completely crushed.

[0030] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A crushing bar screen, characterized in that, Includes an outer shell (11), which is a box structure. The outer shell (11) includes a feed inlet, a crushing chamber, a discharge outlet, and a gearbox. The feed inlet, crushing chamber, and discharge outlet together form an inner cavity structure that runs through the front and rear ends of the outer shell. The crushing chamber is equipped with a main shaft hob (2) and a secondary shaft hob (3). The secondary shaft hob (3) is located in front of the main shaft hob (2). The outer shell (11) is equipped with a motor (12). The main shaft hob (2) is a hammer cutter, and the secondary shaft hob (3) is a spiral cutter group.

2. The crushing bar screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cylindrical drum (4) is provided on the side of the crushing chamber and near the feed inlet. The drum (4) is adjacent to the main shaft cutter (2). The outer surface of the drum (4) is provided with a plurality of drum grates (41) parallel to the axis of the drum. A filter is formed between each of the grates (41).

3. A crushing bar screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cylindrical drum (4) is provided on the side of the crushing chamber and near the feed inlet. The drum (4) is adjacent to the secondary shaft cutter (3). The outer surface of the drum (4) is provided with a plurality of drum grates (41) parallel to the axis of the drum. A filter is formed between each of the grates.

4. A crushing bar screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, Overflow grilles (5) are provided on both the left and right sides of the outer shell (11). The overflow grilles (5) are composed of a grille shell and a grille mesh (51). The grille shell is provided with an overflow port that runs through the front and back, and the grille mesh (51) covers the overflow port.

5. A crushing bar screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The differential speed ratio between the main shaft hob (2) and the secondary shaft hob (3) is 1.5:1.

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