Tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system for cleaning roadway bottom slag in the process of tunneling. The system comprises a large negative pressure fan, a slag discharge pipeline, a gravity cyclone integrated separation device and a dry dust collector. The large negative pressure fan provides a suction negative pressure of -10kPa to -50kPa, and the slag discharge pipeline sucks 0-70mm particle size slag. The gravity cyclone integrated separation device classifies and separates more than 20mm and more than 100um slag through a gravity separation chamber and a cyclone separation chamber, and the separated slag is centrally treated. The dry dust collector adopts a multi-stage filtration structure, and the dust removal efficiency reaches more than 99%, and the purified air is directly discharged. The system is equipped with a frequency conversion control device, optimizes energy consumption, and the slag discharge pipeline adopts wear-resistant materials, prolonging the service life. The utility model has compact structure, high cleaning efficiency, complete dust treatment and is suitable for narrow roadway environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction equipment technology, specifically to a tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system for cleaning slag at the bottom of the tunnel during tunnel excavation. Background Technology

[0002] Tunneling is a core technology in infrastructure construction such as railways, highways, subways, and mining. With the rapid development of modern tunnel construction technology, the issue of slag removal during the tunneling process has received increasing attention. During tunneling, a large amount of slag of varying particle sizes accumulates at the bottom of the tunnel, typically including fine dust to larger particles. This slag not only affects the construction progress but can also cause dust pollution, posing a threat to the health of construction workers and causing wear and tear on construction equipment. Therefore, how to efficiently and environmentally clean up slag at the bottom of the tunnel has become a key technical challenge in tunnel construction.

[0003] Currently, the cleaning of mine slag in tunnels mainly relies on traditional manual sweeping or mechanical equipment. Manual sweeping involves collecting and transporting slag out of the tunnel using tools; however, this method is labor-intensive and inefficient, especially in narrow or complex tunnel environments where manual operation is more difficult, and workers are exposed to high dust levels for extended periods, posing health risks. Mechanical cleaning equipment, such as excavators or loaders, can quickly handle large pieces of slag, but their effectiveness in cleaning smaller dust particles is limited. Furthermore, the mobility of these machines in narrow tunnels is restricted, operation is complex, and maintenance costs are high. In addition, traditional cleaning methods typically focus only on the physical removal of slag, lacking effective dust control, resulting in pervasive dust at the construction site, affecting construction safety and environmental quality. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to solve the current problem of cleaning tunnel slag and to provide a tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system. This system uses negative pressure suction power, combined with graded separation and high-efficiency dust removal technology, to achieve cleaning and dust purification of slag with a wide particle size range. It has a compact structure and is suitable for tunnel construction environment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system includes:

[0007] A large negative pressure fan is used to provide suction power, and the suction negative pressure range of the large negative pressure fan is -10kPa to -50kPa;

[0008] Slag discharge pipes are used to pump out slag deposited at the bottom of the roadway, wherein the slag particle size is between 0-70mm;

[0009] The gravity cyclone integrated separation device has its air inlet connected to the slag discharge pipe for separating the sucked-in slag. The gravity separation part separates slag with a particle size of 20mm or larger, and the cyclone separation part separates slag with a particle size of 100μm or larger. The separated slag is centrally processed through the slag discharge port.

[0010] The dry dust collector has its inlet end connected to the outlet of the gravity cyclone integrated separation device, and its tail end connected to the large negative pressure fan. It is used to process the remaining dust-laden airflow, and the small-diameter dust particles processed are centrally processed through the ash discharge port.

[0011] The purified air is then directly discharged into the air through the large negative pressure fan.

[0012] Furthermore, the gravity cyclone integrated separation device includes a housing, and a partition is provided inside the housing to divide the housing into a gravity separation chamber and a cyclone separation chamber; the partition is provided with a through hole located at the upper part of the partition to connect the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber; the upper part of the gravity separation chamber is provided with an air inlet for receiving dust-laden airflow; and one side of the cyclone separation chamber is provided with an air outlet for discharging the separated dust-laden airflow.

[0013] Furthermore, the gravity cyclone integrated separation device also includes a gravity settling plate, which is vertically installed in the gravity separation chamber and located between the air inlet and the through hole. The upper end of the gravity settling plate is connected to the top of the gravity separation chamber, and the lower end is suspended in the air. In the gravity separation chamber, the airflow is folded back, and slag with a particle size greater than 20mm is separated by gravity.

[0014] Furthermore, the gravity settling plate is a vertically arranged plate structure with its lower end suspended and maintaining a distance from the bottom of the gravity separation chamber, forming an airflow reversal channel. This, combined with the upper position of the air inlet and through hole, enhances the reversal path of the dust-laden airflow within the gravity separation chamber.

[0015] Furthermore, both the air inlet and the through hole are located at the upper part of the housing to increase the reversal path of the dust-laden airflow within the gravity separation chamber.

[0016] Furthermore, the gravity cyclone integrated separation device also includes a cyclone separator, which is located inside the cyclone separation chamber to perform secondary separation of the dust-laden airflow passing through the gravity settling plate, separating slag particles with a diameter greater than 100μm.

[0017] Furthermore, there are at least two cyclones arranged side by side in the cyclone separation chamber; each cyclone includes a cyclone cylinder and a conical bottom, the cyclone cylinder is used to generate the cyclone separation effect, and the conical bottom is used to collect the slag separated by the cyclone.

[0018] Furthermore, both the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber are provided with slag discharge ports at their bottoms, and gravity discharge valves and cyclone discharge valves are respectively provided on the two slag discharge ports for discharging the separated slag.

[0019] Furthermore, the shell is a rectangular or cylindrical structure, and the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber are arranged sequentially along the length of the shell to achieve a compact overall layout.

[0020] Furthermore, the through-hole is equipped with a grid to prevent large-diameter slag particles from entering the cyclone separation chamber.

[0021] Furthermore, the slag discharge pipe is made of wear-resistant material to accommodate the suction and transport of slag with a particle size of 0-70mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the dry dust collector includes a multi-stage filtration dust collector for filtering small-particle dust in stages.

[0023] Furthermore, the large negative pressure fan is equipped with a frequency converter control device to adjust the fan power according to the slag suction volume in order to optimize energy consumption.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0025] This invention solves the problems of low cleaning efficiency, easy equipment clogging, incomplete dust treatment, and high energy consumption in existing technologies through efficient suction, graded separation, thorough dust removal, and energy-saving design. It provides an efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical slag cleaning solution for tunnel construction. The specific technical advantages are reflected in the following aspects:

[0026] Firstly, this system provides a suction negative pressure of -10kPa to -50kPa through a large negative pressure fan, enabling efficient suction of slag with a wide particle size range of 0-70mm, adapting to the complex slag cleaning needs during tunnel excavation. Compared with traditional manual or mechanical cleaning, this system has a high degree of automation, significantly reducing labor intensity, improving cleaning efficiency, and reducing the exposure of construction workers to high-dust environments, thus ensuring their health and safety.

[0027] Secondly, the integrated gravity cyclone separator combines gravity separation and cyclone separation functions. It achieves graded separation through gravity settling plates and cyclones, effectively separating large-diameter slag particles (over 20mm) and smaller particles (over 100μm). This graded treatment method not only improves separation efficiency but also avoids the risk of clogging by large-diameter slag particles, extending the equipment's service life and reducing the processing load on subsequent dry dust collectors.

[0028] Third, the dry dust collector adopts a multi-stage filtration structure with a dust removal efficiency of over 99%, which can thoroughly purify small-particle dust and avoid the dust-laden wastewater problem caused by wet dust collection, simplifying the environmental protection process at the construction site. Compared with traditional dry dust collection equipment, this multi-stage filtration design enhances durability and anti-clogging ability, making it suitable for tunnel construction environments with high dust loads.

[0029] Fourth, the large negative pressure fan is equipped with a frequency converter, which can dynamically adjust the power according to the actual demand for slag suction, significantly reducing energy consumption and improving the economic efficiency of system operation. Compared with existing fixed-power fans, the energy-saving design of this utility model can effectively reduce construction costs in long-term operation.

[0030] Finally, this system features a compact structure, with the slag discharge pipeline, gravity cyclone integrated separation device, dry dust collector, and large negative pressure fan connected sequentially. Its rational layout and small overall size make it suitable for installation and maintenance in narrow tunnel environments. The slag discharge pipeline is made of wear-resistant materials, capable of withstanding the impact and abrasion of wide-diameter slag particles, ensuring long-term stable operation of the system.

[0031] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination and study, or may be learned from practice of this invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the preferred embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gravity cyclone integrated separation device in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0035] Attached reference numerals: 1-Slag discharge pipe; 2-Integrated gravity cyclone separator; 3-Dry dust collector; 4-Ash discharge port; 5-Large negative pressure fan; 21-Gravity separation chamber; 22-Cyclone separation chamber; 23-Air inlet; 24-Air outlet; 25-Gravity settling plate; 26-Cyclone separator; 27-Gravity discharge valve; 28-Cyclone discharge valve; 29-Through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. This utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this utility model. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0037] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the present invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0038] In the accompanying drawings of this utility model, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system for cleaning slag at the bottom of the tunnel during tunnel excavation. The system includes a slag discharge pipe 1, a gravity cyclone integrated separation device 2, a dry dust collector 3, and a large negative pressure fan 5. The components are connected in sequence to form an efficient slag cleaning and dust purification process.

[0041] The large negative pressure fan 5 uses a high-performance centrifugal fan with a rated power of 75kW. Its suction negative pressure range is -10kPa to -50kPa, and the negative pressure can be adjusted according to the amount of slag accumulated in the tunnel and the cleaning requirements. The fan is equipped with a frequency converter control device, which monitors the suction volume in real time through a PLC controller and automatically adjusts the speed to optimize energy consumption. For example, when handling a small amount of fine dust, the negative pressure can be maintained at around -10kPa, while when suctioning large-particle slag, the negative pressure can be increased to -40kPa to ensure efficient suction.

[0042] The slag discharge pipe 1 is a steel pipe lined with wear-resistant ceramic, with a diameter of 300mm and a length customized according to the tunnel depth (50m in this embodiment). One end of the slag discharge pipe 1 is connected to the air inlet 23 of the gravity cyclone integrated separator 2, and the other end sucks up the slag from the bottom of the tunnel and transports the slag to the gravity cyclone integrated separator 2.

[0043] The gravity cyclone integrated separation device 2 is the core component of the system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes a rectangular shell made of stainless steel, 2.5m long, 1.2m wide, and 1.8m high, suitable for narrow tunnel environments. A partition inside the shell divides it into a gravity separation chamber 21 and a cyclone separation chamber 22. A through-hole 29 (200mm diameter) at the upper part of the partition connects the two chambers. A stainless steel grid with a 15mm aperture is installed on the through-hole 29 to prevent large-diameter slag particles from entering the cyclone separation chamber 22. An air inlet 23 (250mm diameter) at the upper part of the gravity separation chamber 21 receives dust-laden airflow from the slag discharge pipe 1. A gravity settling plate 25, 10mm thick, is installed inside the gravity separation chamber 21, vertically arranged, welded to the top of the chamber at the upper end and suspended at the lower end, maintaining a 100mm gap from the bottom of the chamber, forming an airflow reversal channel. After the dust-laden airflow enters the gravity separation chamber 21, it is guided by the gravity settling plate 25 to veer back. Slag particles larger than 20mm settle to the bottom of the chamber due to gravity and are discharged through the gravity discharge valve 27. The cyclone separation chamber 22 contains three parallel cyclones 26. Each cyclone 26 includes a cyclone body with a diameter of 400mm and a conical bottom. The conical bottom collects slag particles larger than 100μm, which are then discharged through the cyclone discharge valve 28. An air outlet 24 (200mm in diameter) is located on one side of the cyclone separation chamber 22 to discharge the separated dust-laden airflow into the dry dust collector 3. The shell has a rectangular structure, with the gravity separation chamber 21 and the cyclone separation chamber 22 arranged sequentially along the length of the shell to achieve a compact overall layout. The air inlet 23 and the through hole 29 are both located at the top of the shell to increase the veer path of the dust-laden airflow within the gravity separation chamber 21.

[0044] The dry dust collector 3 employs a multi-stage filtration system, including a primary filter (50μm pore size), a secondary filter bag (10μm pore size), and a high-efficiency HEPA filter element (0.3μm pore size), achieving a total dust removal efficiency of over 99.5%. Its inlet is connected to the outlet 24 of the gravity cyclone integrated separator 2 via a flange, and its tail end is connected to a large negative pressure fan 5 via a pipe. Small-diameter dust particles are filtered stage by stage and collected through the ash discharge port 4. A removable dust collection box is located below the ash discharge port 4 for easy periodic cleaning. The purified air is directly discharged into the air by the large negative pressure fan 5, with an emission dust concentration below 10mg / m³. 3 This meets the environmental protection requirements for tunnel construction.

[0045] In practical applications, the system first activates the large negative pressure fan 5, generating a negative pressure of -30 kPa, which draws slag (particle size 0-70 mm) from the bottom of the tunnel through the slag discharge pipe 1. The dust-laden airflow enters the gravity cyclone integrated separator 2. Slag larger than 20 mm settles in the gravity separation chamber 21, while particles larger than 100 μm are separated in the cyclone separation chamber 22. The separated slag is collected through its respective discharge ports. The remaining dust-laden airflow enters the dry dust collector 3, and after multi-stage filtration, the purified air is discharged by the large negative pressure fan 5. This system, as described in this embodiment, was applied in the construction of a railway tunnel, achieving a cleaning efficiency of over 95%, processing approximately 2 tons of slag per hour, significantly superior to traditional manual cleaning (approximately 0.5 tons per hour).

[0046] Example 2

[0047] This embodiment optimizes the system based on Embodiment 1, making it suitable for more complex mining tunnel environments. The power of the large negative pressure fan 5 is increased to 90kW, while the negative pressure range remains -10kPa to -50kPa. A remote monitoring module is added to the frequency converter control device, allowing for real-time remote adjustment of the negative pressure. The diameter of the slag discharge pipe 1 is increased to 350mm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant ceramic lining is increased to 8mm, further improving wear resistance. The shell of the gravity cyclone integrated separator 2 is changed to a cylindrical shape (1.5m in diameter, 2m in height), and the number of cyclones 26 is increased to four, improving the separation efficiency for particles larger than 100μm. The HEPA filter element of the dry dust collector 3 is replaced with a washable type, extending its service life. This embodiment's system was tested in a mining tunnel, processing approximately 2.5 tons of slag per hour with a dust removal efficiency of 99.8%, and energy consumption is reduced by approximately 10% compared to Embodiment 1.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of this technical solution, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system, characterized in that, include: A large negative pressure fan is used to provide suction power, and the suction negative pressure range of the large negative pressure fan is -10kPa to -50kPa; Slag discharge pipes are used to pump out slag deposited at the bottom of the roadway, wherein the slag particle size is between 0-70mm; The gravity cyclone integrated separation device has its air inlet connected to the slag discharge pipe for separating the sucked-in slag. The gravity separation part separates slag with a particle size of 20mm or larger, and the cyclone separation part separates slag with a particle size of 100μm or larger. The separated slag is centrally processed through the slag discharge port. The dry dust collector has its inlet end connected to the outlet of the gravity cyclone integrated separation device, and its tail end connected to the large negative pressure fan. It is used to process the remaining dust-laden airflow, and the small-diameter dust particles processed are centrally processed through the ash discharge port. The purified air is then directly discharged into the air through the large negative pressure fan.

2. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gravity-cyclone integrated separation device includes a housing, and a partition is provided inside the housing to divide the housing into a gravity separation chamber and a cyclone separation chamber. The partition is provided with a through hole located at the upper part of the partition, which connects the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber. The upper part of the gravity separation chamber is provided with an air inlet for receiving dust-laden airflow. The cyclone separation chamber is provided with an air outlet on one side for discharging the separated dust-laden airflow.

3. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gravity cyclone integrated separation device also includes a gravity settling plate, which is vertically installed in the gravity separation chamber, located between the air inlet and the through hole. The upper end of the gravity settling plate is connected to the top of the gravity separation chamber, and the lower end is suspended in the air. In the gravity separation chamber, the airflow is folded back, and slag with a particle size greater than 20mm is separated by gravity.

4. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gravity settling plate is a vertically arranged plate structure. The lower end of the gravity settling plate is suspended and maintains a distance from the bottom of the gravity separation chamber, forming an airflow reversal channel. This, together with the upper position of the air inlet and the through hole, enhances the reversal path of the dust-laden airflow within the gravity separation chamber.

5. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the air inlet and the through hole are located at the upper part of the housing to increase the reversal path of the dust-laden airflow within the gravity separation chamber.

6. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gravity cyclone integrated separation device also includes a cyclone separator, which is located in the cyclone separation chamber to perform secondary separation of the dust-laden airflow passing through the gravity settling plate, separating slag particles with a diameter greater than 100μm.

7. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 6, characterized in that, There are at least two cyclones arranged side by side in the cyclone separation chamber; each cyclone includes a cyclone cylinder and a conical bottom, the cyclone cylinder is used to generate the cyclone separation effect, and the conical bottom is used to collect the slag separated by the cyclone.

8. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber are equipped with slag discharge ports at their bottoms. The two slag discharge ports are equipped with gravity unloading valves and cyclone unloading valves, respectively, for discharging the separated slag.

9. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shell is a rectangular or cylindrical structure, and the gravity separation chamber and the cyclone separation chamber are arranged sequentially along the length of the shell to achieve a compact overall layout.

10. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The through-hole is equipped with a grid to prevent large-diameter slag particles from entering the cyclone separation chamber.

11. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag discharge pipe is made of wear-resistant material to accommodate the suction and transport of slag with a particle size of 0-70mm.

12. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry dust collector includes a multi-stage filtration dust collector for filtering small-particle dust in stages.

13. The tunnel slag negative pressure cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The large negative pressure fan is equipped with a frequency converter control device, which is used to adjust the fan power according to the amount of slag suction to optimize energy consumption.

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