Deep well high stress broken surrounding rock yielding ductile support structure

Abstract

The application relates to a deep-well high-stress broken surrounding rock yielding toughness supporting structure, which comprises a bearing structure and a reinforcing structure. Anchor nets of the bearing structure are arranged along the outer contour of a roadway. Pre-stressed anchor rods penetrate the anchor nets. Anchor cables are arranged along the roadway in a ring shape at intervals. After penetrating anchor cable beams, the anchor cables penetrate the anchor nets and broken surrounding rocks and are anchored to deep hard rock layers. The anchor cable beams are connected with telescopic arches. The telescopic arches are arranged in the roadway and fixedly arranged with toughness round steel on the outside. The bottom of the telescopic arches is embedded into a closed circle pouring body of the reinforcing structure. The closed circle pouring body is excavated as a reverse circular arc and forms a closed supporting circle with the telescopic arches. A full-section protective layer covers the surface of the bearing structure and the closed circle pouring body to form integral support. Through graded controllable yielding, the excess stress is released, the supporting structure is prevented from being fractured due to instantaneous overload, the whole bearing capacity is improved by relying on full-section collaborative stress, the roof and floor bulging and the two-side shrinkage are obviously inhibited, and the safety risks such as roof falling and side falling are greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of deep well tunnel technology, and in particular to a high-stress fractured surrounding rock pressure relief toughness support structure for deep wells. Background Technology

[0002] As the depth of mineral resource extraction continues to increase, the geological conditions faced by deep mine tunnels become increasingly complex, and the problem of high-stress fractured surrounding rock becomes increasingly prominent. In deep mines, the ground stress increases significantly, and the surrounding rock is not only subjected to high ground stress but also often accompanied by complex geological structures such as faults and joints, leading to rock mass fracture and severe damage to its integrity. In the environment of high-stress fractured surrounding rock in deep mines, tunnels are prone to problems such as large deformation, collapse, and floor heave.

[0003] Traditional support technologies are relatively limited in variety and difficult to adapt to complex and variable geological conditions at depth. For example, while bolt support works well in shallow roadways, in deep, high-stress environments, the limited anchoring force and shear resistance of bolts often fail to effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, leading to frequent problems such as bolt breakage and loosening of support supports. Furthermore, existing support technologies often fail to provide sufficient initial support load during installation, resulting in significant deformation of the roadway in the early stages of excavation, compromising the integrity of the surrounding rock and further reducing its self-supporting capacity. In addition, many mines do not fully consider the mechanical properties and deformation patterns of deep rock masses in their deep roadway support, leading to poor support performance or even support failure. This not only increases the frequency and cost of roadway repairs but also poses a serious threat to mine safety. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address or partially address the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides a high-stress fractured surrounding rock pressure relief toughness support structure for deep wells. The high-strength deformable pressure relief structure allows the anchor bolts to undergo a certain amount of tensile deformation, thereby releasing the deformation energy of the surrounding rock and preventing excessive deformation of the surrounding rock due to energy accumulation.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a pressure-yielding toughness support structure for deep well high-stress fractured surrounding rock, including a load-bearing structure and a reinforcement structure. The load-bearing structure includes an anchor mesh, prestressed anchor rods, anchor cables, anchor cable support beams, tough round steel bars, and a telescopic arch frame. The reinforcement structure includes a sealed ring grouting body and a full-section protective layer. The anchor mesh is laid along the outer contour of the roadway. The prestressed anchor rods penetrate the anchor mesh. The anchor cables are arranged circumferentially along the roadway. After penetrating the anchor cable support beams, the anchor cables pass through the anchor mesh and the fractured surrounding rock and are anchored to the deep hard rock layer. The anchor cable support beams are connected to the telescopic arch frame. The telescopic arch frame is laid in the roadway and tough round steel bars are fixedly installed on its outer side. The bottom of the telescopic arch frame is embedded with a sealed ring grouting body. The sealed ring grouting body is excavated as a reverse arc and forms a sealed support ring with the telescopic arch frame. The full-section protective layer covers the surface of the load-bearing structure and the sealed ring grouting body to form an integral support.

[0006] The telescopic arch frame is erected at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the roadway, and the arch frame segments are connected by flanges.

[0007] The round steel bar extends to the flange and is fixedly connected to the flange.

[0008] The telescopic arch frame is connected to the anchor cable support beam via a connecting plate. One end of the connecting plate is welded to the telescopic arch frame, and the other end is fixed to the anchor cable support beam with bolts.

[0009] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects: This application provides a pressure-yielding toughness support structure for deep wells with high-stress fractured surrounding rock. Under the action of surrounding rock pressure, it releases excess stress through staged and controllable pressure yielding, avoiding the support structure from breaking due to instantaneous overload. It also relies on the synergistic force distribution across the entire cross section to enhance the overall bearing capacity, significantly suppressing roof and floor bulging and sidewall shrinkage, and greatly reducing safety risks such as roof falls and sidewall spalling. At the same time, this structure can reduce the number of support repairs, reduce material consumption and labor costs, and extend the roadway stabilization period, providing reliable support for safe and efficient mining in areas with high-stress fractured surrounding rock in deep wells.

[0010] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure label: In the figure, 1—anchor mesh, 2—prestressed anchor rod, 3—anchor cable, 4—tough round steel, 5—expandable arch frame, 6—closed-loop grouting body, 7—full-section protective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0013] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0014] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0015] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0016] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a high-stress fractured surrounding rock pressure-resistant support structure for deep wells, comprising a load-bearing structure and a reinforcement structure. The load-bearing structure includes an anchor mesh 1, prestressed anchor rods 2, anchor cables 3, anchor cable 3 support beams, tough round steel bars 4, and a telescopic arch frame 5. The reinforcement structure includes a closed-loop grouting body 6 and a full-section protective layer 7.

[0019] The prestressed anchor rod 2 of the load-bearing structure penetrates the anchor mesh 1. The front end of the anchor rod is inserted into the deep, stable rock mass through a drilled hole, and the rear end is fitted with a steel plate tray with a disc spring relief nut. After tightening the nut, the tray tightly presses the anchor mesh 1 against the surface of the surrounding rock. This connection method allows the anchor mesh 1 to form a "mesh constraint layer" through the pre-tightening force of the anchor rod, wrapping the fractured rock mass to prevent it from falling off. At the same time, when the surrounding rock undergoes initial micro-deformation, the relief nut of the anchor rod is compressed by the spring to achieve relief, and the anchor mesh 1 extends synchronously with the displacement of the anchor rod. The two work together to complete the dual functions of initial anchoring and relief.

[0020] Anchor cables 3 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the roadway. Each anchor cable 3 passes through a pre-designed anchor cable 3 support beam, which has pre-drilled holes for the anchor cable 3. The anchor cable 3 then penetrates the anchor mesh 1 and the fractured surrounding rock, anchoring to the deep, hard rock strata. The adjustable pressure relief lock at the end of the anchor cable 3 fits tightly with the anchor cable 3 support beam. Both ends of the support beam are fixed to the trays of adjacent prestressed anchor rods 2 by bolts, forming a rigid connection system. The support beam disperses the concentrated pressure of the anchor cables 3, preventing local tearing of the anchor mesh 1. This allows the pressure relief of the anchor cables 3 and the anchor rods to work synergistically: when the mid-term stress of the surrounding rock increases sharply, the anchor cable 3 lock first initiates pressure relief to release the stress, while the anchor rods assist in limiting local deformation, preventing rock instability during the pressure relief process of the anchor cables 3.

[0021] The telescopic arch frame 5 is erected longitudinally along the roadway at intervals, forming an arch frame. The arch frame segments are connected by flange bolts, and the expansion adjustment holes of the flanges can adjust the arch frame curvature in real time according to the deformation of the surrounding rock. Tough round steel 4 is fixed to the outside of the arch frame by full welding. Both ends of the round steel extend to the arch frame flanges and are welded to the flanges for reinforcement, forming an integrated tough structure of arch frame and round steel. Simultaneously, the arch frame is connected to the anchor cable 3 support beam via an L-shaped connecting plate. One end of the connecting plate is welded to the arch frame, and the other end is bolted to the anchor cable 3 support beam, allowing the circumferential pressure borne by the arch frame to be transferred to the anchor cable 3, preventing the arch frame from being overloaded alone. The round steel absorbs the impact energy of the surrounding rock through bending deformation, and the telescopic arch frame 5 adapts to radial deformation through segmental expansion and contraction. The two work together to form a flexible buffer and rigid support impact resistance system, suitable for impact loads under high stress in deep wells.

[0022] The tunnel floor is excavated into a reverse circular arc. Concrete is poured into the arc area to form a closed-loop grouting body 6. During pouring, the bottom of the expandable arch frame 5 is embedded into the grouting body. At the same time, a steel mesh is laid inside the grouting body, with both ends of the steel mesh overlapping the edges of the anchor mesh 1 on both sides. Through the embedded connection between the reverse circular arc grouting body and the bottom of the arch frame, combined with the overlap of the steel mesh and the anchor mesh 1, the floor slab grouting body and the flexible arch frame form a closed-loop support ring at the bottom, converting the vertical expansion force of the floor slab into circumferential distributed pressure.

[0023] The full-section protective layer 7 completely encloses and covers the anchor mesh 1, prestressed anchor rods 2, anchor cables 3, support beams, telescopic arch frames 5, tough round steel 4, and the bottom plate sealed ring grouting body 6. The concrete is tightly bonded to the surfaces of each structure, forming a fused full-section integral support system. The shotcrete layer blocks groundwater infiltration and prevents softening of the surrounding rock, and integrates the scattered support structures into a unified load-bearing body, achieving the goal of stable support after pressure relief, and meeting the long-term use requirements of deep wells with high-stress fractured surrounding rock.

[0024] Construction Process: In the construction of the fractured zone under high stress in the deep well, short excavation and short support are adopted. After excavation, resin anchor bolts and mesh 1 are used for pre-support to create conditions for continuous roadway construction. After support, the fractured surrounding rock can initially achieve stress release. As construction continues forward, depending on the deformation conditions of the surrounding rock, a suitable support time is selected (usually 8 to 48 hours after the initial support) to reinforce the anchor cable 3 support. After anchor cable 3 support, the fractured surrounding rock is further reinforced, while providing further stress release for the high-stress surrounding rock. Once the fractured surrounding rock is basically stable, arch frames combined with round steel for tough support are immediately adopted. Through the arch frames, the round steel along the outer edge of the arch frames forms tough support for the fractured surrounding rock. The roadway floor is excavated into a reverse arc, and concrete is poured to form a closed support ring with the tough arch frames, balancing and controlling the changing stress of the fractured rock mass. Finally, shotcrete support is used for the entire supported roadway, forming a reinforced concrete structure with the surrounding rock, completely solving the problem of high-stress fractured rock mass control.

[0025] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relationships such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "include," "contain," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0026] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0027] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A high-stress fractured surrounding rock pressure relief toughness support structure for deep wells, characterized in that, The system includes a load-bearing structure and a reinforcement structure. The load-bearing structure includes an anchor mesh, prestressed anchor bolts, anchor cables, anchor cable supports, tough round steel bars, and a telescopic arch frame. The reinforcement structure includes a sealed ring grouting body and a full-section protective layer. The anchor mesh is laid out along the outer contour of the roadway. The prestressed anchor bolts penetrate the anchor mesh. The anchor cables are arranged at intervals around the roadway in a circumferential direction. After penetrating the anchor cable supports, the anchor cables pass through the anchor mesh and the fractured surrounding rock, anchoring to a deep, hard rock layer. The anchor cable supports are connected to the telescopic arch frame. The telescopic arch frame is laid out in the roadway, and the tough round steel bars are fixedly installed on its outer side. The bottom of the telescopic arch frame is embedded in the sealed ring grouting body. The sealed ring grouting body is excavated as a reverse arc and forms a sealed support ring with the telescopic arch frame. The full-section protective layer covers the surface of the load-bearing structure and the sealed ring grouting body to form an integral support.

2. The deep well high-stress fractured surrounding rock pressure relief toughness support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retractable arch frame is erected at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the roadway, and the arch frame segments are connected by flanges.

3. The deep well high-stress fractured surrounding rock pressure relief toughness support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The round steel bar extends to the flange and is fixedly connected to the flange.

4. The deep well high-stress fractured surrounding rock pressure relief toughness support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic arch frame is connected to the anchor cable support beam via a connecting plate. One end of the connecting plate is welded to the telescopic arch frame, and the other end is fixed to the anchor cable support beam via bolts.

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