Automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using earth pressure cells

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring discloses the automatic monitoring structure of stratum collapse is monitored with soil pressure gauge, including monitoring hole, sleeve tube, multiple soil pressure gauge, data acquisition appearance, power supply equipment and monitoring early warning platform, monitoring hole sets in stratum collapse hidden danger point area, sleeve tube fixed mounting is in monitoring hole, multiple soil pressure gauge is arranged in the internal cavity along the length direction of sleeve tube layer, and the internal wall interval of soil pressure and internal cavity forms and has filled area, and the backfill layer is filled in filled area, data acquisition appearance is connected with every soil pressure gauge through data transmission wire, power supply equipment and data acquisition appearance electricity are connected, through layering setting multiple soil pressure gauge in sleeve tube, can layering capture the soil pressure change of different depth stratum, solved the problem that traditional monitoring point is single, the cooperation of data acquisition appearance and monitoring early warning platform realized the real -time transmission and analysis early warning of data, improved the timeliness and accuracy of monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, and more specifically, to an automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge. Background Technology

[0002] Geological disasters such as cave collapse, ground subsidence caused by pipeline damage, and deep soil or rock collapse can pose a serious threat to surrounding buildings, transportation facilities, and the safety of residents' lives and property.

[0003] Traditional methods for monitoring ground subsidence rely heavily on manual inspections, which are not only inefficient and time-consuming, but also make it difficult to achieve real-time and accurate monitoring of potential deep ground subsidence hazards.

[0004] Although some existing monitoring technologies have introduced sensors, they suffer from problems such as single monitoring points, inability to capture changes in soil pressure in layers, data transmission delays, and untimely early warnings, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of monitoring ground subsidence under complex geological conditions. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge, aiming to solve the problems in the existing technology, such as the single monitoring point and the inability to capture changes in soil pressure in layers.

[0006] This utility model is an automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using earth pressure gauges. It includes a monitoring hole, a casing, multiple earth pressure gauges, a data acquisition instrument, a power supply, and a monitoring and early warning platform. The monitoring hole is located in the area of ​​potential ground subsidence points. The casing has a through-hole and is fixedly installed inside the monitoring hole. Multiple earth pressure gauges are arranged in layers within the internal cavity along the length of the casing. The earth pressure gauges and the inner wall of the internal cavity are spaced apart to form filling areas, which are filled with backfill layers.

[0007] The data acquisition instrument is connected to each of the earth pressure gauges via a data transmission cable to receive and temporarily store the earth pressure data transmitted by the earth pressure gauges; the power supply device is electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument to provide power for the data acquisition; the monitoring and early warning platform is communicatively connected to the data acquisition instrument to receive the earth pressure data transmitted by the data acquisition instrument and to provide early warning of ground subsidence based on the earth pressure data.

[0008] Furthermore, the earth pressure gauge includes a pressure sensing probe and a circular waterproof housing. The pressure sensing probe is located at the front end of the circular waterproof housing, extends out of the circular waterproof housing and is in contact with and presses against the backfill layer. The circular waterproof housing is spaced apart from the inner wall of the internal cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, the plurality of earth pressure gauges are arranged vertically along the length of the internal cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, the backfill layer is a clay layer located between the casing and the earth pressure gauge, and the clay layer is compacted to enhance the bonding stability between the casing and the earth pressure gauge, thereby enabling the earth pressure gauge to generate pre-pressure.

[0011] Furthermore, the power supply equipment includes a solar panel, a battery, and a charging controller. The charging controller is electrically connected to the solar panel and the battery, and the battery is electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument and the earth pressure gauge.

[0012] Furthermore, the sleeve is coaxially fixed inside the monitoring hole, and the top of the sleeve protrudes above the ground.

[0013] Furthermore, the top of the sleeve is provided with a protective cap, which is threadedly connected to the sleeve, and the center of the protective cap is provided with a wire hole for the data transmission wire to pass through, and a sealing ring is provided in the wire hole.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a core rod, the top of which is detachably connected to a protective cover. The core rod is installed inside the sleeve, and multiple earth pressure gauges are installed in layers along the length of the core rod. The core rod is spaced apart from the inner wall of the internal cavity, and the middle of the core rod has a wire cavity for data transmission wires to pass through.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer side of the core rod is provided with multiple circular frames for fixing the earth pressure gauge. The circular frames are arranged vertically, and the center of the circular frames is provided with a wire hole that communicates with the wire cavity.

[0016] Furthermore, the sleeve is provided with a fixing structure to fix the sleeve to the ground.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using earth pressure gauges provided by this utility model can capture changes in earth pressure at different depths by layering multiple earth pressure gauges inside the casing, thus solving the problem of single monitoring points in traditional methods. The cooperation between the data acquisition instrument and the monitoring and early warning platform enables real-time data transmission, analysis, and early warning, improving the timeliness and accuracy of monitoring. The backfill layer enhances the interaction between the earth pressure gauges and the ground, ensuring the reliability of monitoring data. The power supply equipment uses solar power, meeting the energy needs of long-term field monitoring while being more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural layout of the automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge, provided by this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a utility model Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of A in the middle;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge, provided by this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a top view of the circular frame, rear guide rod, and side guide rod provided by this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram: Monitoring hole 10, sleeve 20, earth pressure gauge 30, core rod 40, data acquisition instrument 50, power supply equipment 60, data transmission wire 70, fixing structure 80, backfill layer 21, protective cover 22, sealing ring 23, circular waterproof shell 31, pressure sensing probe 32, wire cavity 41, circular frame 42, rear guide support rod 43, side guide support rod 44, pressure strip 45, rolling ball 46, solar panel 61, battery 62. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0024] The implementation of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] In the accompanying drawings of this embodiment, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] Reference Figure 1-4 The image shown is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] An automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using earth pressure gauges 30 includes a monitoring hole 10, a casing 20, multiple earth pressure gauges 30, a data acquisition instrument 50, a power supply device 60, and a monitoring and early warning platform. The monitoring hole 10 is located in the area of ​​potential ground subsidence points. The casing 20 has an internal cavity that runs vertically through it and is fixedly installed inside the monitoring hole 10. Multiple earth pressure gauges 30 are arranged in layers in the internal cavity along the length of the casing 20. The earth pressure gauges and the inner wall of the internal cavity are separated to form a filling area, and the filling area is filled with a backfill layer 21.

[0028] The data acquisition instrument 50 is connected to each earth pressure gauge 30 via a data transmission cable 70 to receive and temporarily store the earth pressure data transmitted by the earth pressure gauge 30; the power supply equipment 60 is electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument 50 to provide power for data acquisition; the monitoring and early warning platform is communicatively connected to the data acquisition instrument 50 to receive the earth pressure data transmitted by the data acquisition instrument 50 and to provide early warning of ground subsidence based on the earth pressure data.

[0029] The automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using earth pressure gauges 30 described above, by layering multiple earth pressure gauges 30 within the casing 20, can capture earth pressure changes at different depths, solving the problem of single monitoring points in traditional methods. The cooperation between the data acquisition instrument 50 and the monitoring and early warning platform enables real-time data transmission, analysis, and early warning, improving the timeliness and accuracy of monitoring. The backfill layer 21 enhances the interaction between the earth pressure gauges 30 and the ground, ensuring the reliability of monitoring data. The power supply equipment 60 uses solar power, meeting the energy needs of long-term field monitoring while being more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0030] The data acquisition unit 50 includes a data receiving module, a data storage module, a data preprocessing module, and a wireless communication module (4G / 5G or LoRa module). The data receiving module is electrically connected to the signal processing module of the earth pressure gauge 30 via a data transmission cable 70. The data preprocessing module is electrically connected to both the receiving module and the storage module. The wireless communication module is electrically connected to the preprocessing module. The monitoring and early warning platform includes a cloud server, a client, and an early warning module. The cloud server is communicatively connected to the wireless communication module, and the client and early warning module are electrically connected to the cloud server. The sampling frequency of the data acquisition unit 50 is adjustable.

[0031] The data receiving module enables synchronous reception of data from multiple earth pressure gauges (30 units); the preprocessing module filters and reduces noise in the data to remove interference signals and ensure data accuracy; the storage module backs up the data to prevent data loss; and the wireless communication module enables remote data transmission, eliminating the need for manual on-site data collection and achieving automated monitoring.

[0032] The early warning module automatically triggers an early warning based on instantaneous changes in pressure (sudden collapse) or cumulative changes (slow settlement), and can distinguish the warning level (such as general warning and emergency warning), which makes it easier for staff to quickly judge the degree of collapse risk and take timely countermeasures, thereby improving the practicality and safety of the early warning system.

[0033] The casing 20 is fixedly connected to the monitoring hole 10 through the soil layer to ensure the stability of the casing 20 during the monitoring process and avoid the impact of casing 20 displacement on the accuracy of monitoring data. The casing 20 is fixed inside the monitoring hole 10 and can adapt to various stratum collapse scenarios such as karst cave collapse and ground collapse caused by pipeline damage, meet the monitoring needs under complex geological conditions, and provide effective protection for the safety of surrounding buildings, transportation facilities and residents' lives and property.

[0034] The pressure sensing probe 32 is a strain gauge probe. Strain gauge probes have advantages such as high sensitivity, wide measurement range, and good stability. They can accurately capture minute changes in soil pressure and improve the reliability of monitoring data.

[0035] The internal cavity of the casing 20 is connected to the monitoring hole 10, so that the soil pressure can be transmitted through the backfill layer 21 to the pressure sensing probe 32 of the soil pressure gauge 30, ensuring that the soil pressure gauge 30 can accurately reflect the pressure of the stratum.

[0036] The earth pressure gauge 30 can be either a vibrating wire earth pressure gauge 30 or a resistance strain gauge earth pressure gauge 30. The vibrating wire earth pressure gauge 30 has the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability and good long-term stability, while the resistance strain gauge earth pressure gauge 30 has the advantages of high sensitivity and fast response speed. The appropriate type of earth pressure gauge 30 can be selected according to different monitoring needs and geological conditions.

[0037] In this embodiment, the earth pressure gauge 30 includes a pressure sensing probe 32 and a circular waterproof housing 31. The pressure sensing probe 32 is located at the front end of the circular waterproof housing 31. The pressure sensing probe 32 extends out of the circular waterproof housing 31 and is attached to and presses against the backfill layer 21. The circular waterproof housing 31 is spaced apart from the inner wall of the internal cavity.

[0038] The circular waterproof housing 31 can effectively protect the electronic components inside the earth pressure gauge 30 from external environmental factors such as groundwater and moisture, and extend the service life of the earth pressure gauge 30; the pressure sensing probe 32 extends out of the circular waterproof housing 31 and fits against the backfill layer 21 to ensure that the pressure sensing probe 32 can directly sense the changes in the soil pressure of the stratum, and improve the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0039] In this embodiment, multiple earth pressure gauges 30 are arranged vertically along the length of the internal cavity.

[0040] The vertical arrangement allows each earth pressure gauge 30 to monitor earth pressure at different depths, and each earth pressure gauge 30 is independent of the others, avoiding mutual interference of monitoring data. This allows for a clearer and more accurate reflection of the pressure change trend at different depths, providing more comprehensive and reliable data support for early warning of ground subsidence.

[0041] In this embodiment, the backfill layer 21 is a clay layer, which is located between the casing 20 and the earth pressure gauge 30. The clay layer is compacted to enhance the bonding stability between the casing 20 and the earth pressure gauge 30, so that the earth pressure gauge 30 generates pre-pressure.

[0042] After compaction, the clay can tightly fill the gap between the casing 20 and the earth pressure gauge 30, so that the earth pressure gauge 30, the casing 20 and the stratum form a stable contact relationship, ensuring that the earth pressure can be uniformly and effectively transmitted to the pressure sensing probe 32. At the same time, it avoids the monitoring data error caused by uneven or loose backfill material, and improves the stability of the monitoring structure and the reliability of the monitoring data.

[0043] In this embodiment, the power supply device 60 includes a solar panel 61, a battery 62, and a charging controller. The charging controller is electrically connected to the solar panel 61 and the battery 62, and the battery 62 is electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument 50 and the earth pressure gauge 30.

[0044] The solar panel 61 can convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is used to charge the battery 62 through the charging controller. The battery 62 provides continuous and stable power support for the data acquisition instrument 50 and the soil pressure gauge 30. This solar power supply method does not require an external power grid and is suitable for monitoring ground subsidence in remote areas. It also has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, low operating cost and convenient maintenance, and can ensure the long-term stable operation of the monitoring structure.

[0045] In this embodiment, the sleeve 20 is coaxially fixed inside the monitoring hole 10, and the top of the sleeve 20 is above the ground.

[0046] The sleeve 20 is coaxially fixed inside the monitoring hole 10 to ensure that the sleeve 20 is centered inside the monitoring hole 10, so as to avoid inaccurate monitoring data of the earth pressure gauge 30 due to the eccentricity of the sleeve 20. The top of the sleeve 20 is higher than the ground, which can prevent rainwater, debris and other objects from entering the inside of the sleeve 20 and protect the earth pressure gauge 30, data transmission wire 70 and other components inside the sleeve 20 from damage. On the other hand, it is convenient for staff to maintain and repair the monitoring structure, such as replacing the earth pressure gauge 30 and checking the connection of the data transmission wire 70.

[0047] In this embodiment, the top end of the sleeve 20 is provided with a protective cover 22, which is threadedly connected to the sleeve 20. The center of the protective cover 22 is provided with a wire hole for the data transmission wire 70 to pass through, and a sealing ring 23 is provided in the wire hole.

[0048] The protective cover 22 is fixed to the sleeve 20 by a threaded connection, which is firm and easy to disassemble. It can effectively block external dust, rainwater, insects and other substances from entering the inside of the sleeve 20, protecting the components inside the sleeve 20. The wire hole is used to pass through the data transmission wire 70. The sealing ring 23 can fill the gap between the data transmission wire 70 and the wire hole, which can play a good sealing role and further prevent rainwater, moisture and other substances from entering the inside of the sleeve 20, ensuring the normal working environment of the components inside the sleeve 20 and extending the service life of the monitoring structure.

[0049] In this embodiment, a core rod 40 is also included. The top of the core rod 40 is detachably connected to the protective cover 22. The core rod 40 is installed inside the sleeve 20. Multiple earth pressure gauges 30 are installed in layers along the length of the core rod 40. The core rod 40 is spaced apart from the inner wall of the internal cavity. The middle part of the core rod 40 has a wire cavity 41 through which the data transmission wire 70 passes.

[0050] The core rod 40 provides a stable mounting platform for the earth pressure gauge 30, enabling multiple earth pressure gauges 30 to be accurately installed according to the preset layer positions, preventing displacement or tilting of the earth pressure gauges 30 during installation and use, and ensuring the accuracy of monitoring data; the core rod 40 is detachably connected to the protective cover 22, facilitating the installation, debugging and replacement of the earth pressure gauge 30; the wire cavity 41 is used to accommodate the data transmission wire 70, allowing the data transmission wire 70 to be arranged in an orderly manner, avoiding signal interference or damage caused by messy tangling of wires, while protecting the wires from the influence of external environmental factors, ensuring the stability and reliability of data transmission.

[0051] In this embodiment, a plurality of circular frames 42 for fixing the earth pressure gauge 30 are provided on the outer side of the core rod 40. The circular frames 42 are arranged vertically, and a wire hole communicating with the wire cavity 41 is opened in the middle of the circular frame 42.

[0052] The circular frame 42 can fix and limit the earth pressure gauge 30, preventing the earth pressure gauge 30 from sliding or rotating on the core rod 40, ensuring that the installation position of the earth pressure gauge 30 is accurate and stable. The vertically arranged circular frame 42 facilitates the layered installation of the earth pressure gauge 30 along the length of the core rod 40, maintaining a reasonable distance between each earth pressure gauge 30 and avoiding mutual interference. The wire hole is connected to the wire cavity 41, which facilitates the data transmission wire 70 to pass through the wire cavity 41 and connect to the earth pressure gauge 30, making the wire arrangement more regular, reducing friction and compression between wires, and ensuring smooth data transmission.

[0053] The circular frame 42 is slidably and adjustablely mounted on the core rod 40. The circular frame 42 can slide and adjust its position along the length of the core rod 40, which makes it easy for multiple earth pressure gauges 30 to be accurately installed according to the preset layer positions.

[0054] In this embodiment, the sleeve 20 is provided with a fixing structure 80 for fixing the sleeve 20 to the ground.

[0055] The fixed structure 80 can enhance the connection stability between the casing 20 and the ground, prevent the casing 20 from tilting, shifting or collapsing due to external wind force, ground vibration, ground settlement and other factors, ensure the stable position of the casing 20 during the monitoring process, thereby ensuring that the earth pressure gauge 30 can accurately monitor changes in ground earth pressure and improve the overall stability and reliability of the monitoring structure.

[0056] The fixed structure 80 includes a ground fixing frame, which is fixed at the opening of the monitoring hole 10, and the top of the sleeve 20 is detachably connected to the ground fixing frame.

[0057] The ground fixing frame is directly fixed to the opening of the monitoring hole 10, which can form precise radial limit and vertical support for the top of the casing 20, and prevent the casing 20 from tilting or shifting due to external wind force, ground vibration or slight settlement of the backfill soil layer.

[0058] The fixed structure 80 includes a reinforcing bar, one end of which is fixedly connected to the sleeve 20, and the other end of which is embedded in the ground. The reinforcing bar is fixed to the ground by concrete pouring to form a fixed layer.

[0059] The reinforcing bars are fixed to the ground by pouring concrete. After the concrete hardens, it will form a tightly integrated structure with the reinforcing bars and the surrounding soil.

[0060] In this embodiment, a rear guide rod 43 is assembled at the rear end of the circular frame 42. The inner end of the rear guide rod 43 is fixedly connected to the circular frame 42, and the outer end of the rear guide rod 43 is in a sliding contact with the inner wall of the internal cavity. The rear guide rod 43 and the front opening of the circular frame 42 are arranged opposite to each other, that is, they are located on opposite sides of the circular frame 42. The earth pressure gauge 30 is installed inside the circular frame 42 through the front opening.

[0061] The circular frame 42 is also symmetrically provided with side guide rods 44 on both sides. The inner end of each side guide rod 44 is fixedly connected to the circular frame 42, and the outer end of each side guide rod 44 slides against the inner wall of the internal cavity. The two side guide rods 44 and the rear guide rod 43 are both in a horizontal state. The two side guide rods 44 are arranged in a deviated shape from the rear guide rod 43 from the inside out. That is, the outer end of the side guide rod 44 is offset away from the rear guide rod 43 compared to the inner end. Through the coordinated cooperation of the rear guide rod 43 and the two side guide rods 44, the circular frame 42 is stably supported and guided in the internal cavity.

[0062] The coordinated operation of the rear guide rod 43 and the side guide rod 44 provides support and guidance for the circular frame 42 from multiple directions, effectively limiting the radial movement and rotation of the earth pressure gauge 30 within the inner cavity of the casing 20. This ensures that the circular frame 42 and the earth pressure gauge 30 mounted on it maintain a stable monitoring posture, preventing data distortion caused by displacement of the circular frame 42. The side guide rod 44's arrangement, offset from the rear guide rod 43 from the inside out, allows the guide rod to form a more stable support structure with the inner wall of the cavity, dispersing the external forces on the circular frame 42, enhancing the deformation resistance of the entire support structure, adapting to minor deformations that may occur in the strata, and ensuring the stability of the monitoring system.

[0063] In this embodiment, both the outer ends of the rear guide rod 43 and the outer ends of the side guide rod 44 are provided with vertically arranged abutment strips 45. The abutment strips 45 have abutment surfaces that slide against the inner wall of the internal cavity. The abutment surfaces are arranged in an arc shape. Multiple rolling balls 46 are arranged on the abutment surfaces. The multiple rolling balls 46 are arranged sequentially at intervals along the length direction of the abutment strips 45. The abutment strips 45 maintain a sliding abutment state with the inner wall of the internal cavity through the rolling balls 46.

[0064] The arc-shaped contact surface of the pressure strip 45 fits more closely to the inner wall of the casing 20, increasing the contact area between the pressure strip 45 and the inner wall, improving support stability, and thus preventing the earth pressure gauge 30 from tilting and avoiding distortion of the monitoring data. The rolling balls 46 on the contact surface convert the sliding friction between the pressure strip 45 and the inner wall into rolling friction, significantly reducing the friction between the core rod 40 and the circular frame 42 and the inner wall of the casing 20 during installation or when the ground is slightly deformed. This facilitates the installation and adjustment of the core rod 40, and also reduces wear on the inner wall of the casing 20 and the guide rod caused by friction, extending the service life of the equipment. The spaced arrangement of the rolling balls 46 ensures a uniform friction reduction effect, guaranteeing the smoothness and stability of the core rod 40's movement inside the casing 20.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using earth pressure gauges, characterized in that, The system includes a monitoring hole, a casing, multiple earth pressure gauges, a data acquisition instrument, power supply equipment, and a monitoring and early warning platform. The monitoring hole is located in the area of ​​potential ground subsidence. The casing has a through-hole and is fixedly installed inside the monitoring hole. Multiple earth pressure gauges are arranged in layers in the internal cavity along the length of the casing. The earth pressure gauges and the inner wall of the internal cavity are spaced apart to form a filling area, which is filled with a backfill layer. The data acquisition instrument is connected to each of the earth pressure gauges via a data transmission cable, and is used to receive and temporarily store the earth pressure data transmitted by the earth pressure gauges. The power supply equipment is electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument and is used to supply power to the data acquisition; the monitoring and early warning platform is communicatively connected to the data acquisition instrument and is used to receive the earth pressure data transmitted by the data acquisition instrument and to provide early warning of ground subsidence based on the earth pressure data.

2. The automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The earth pressure gauge includes a pressure sensing probe and a circular waterproof housing. The pressure sensing probe is located at the front end of the circular waterproof housing. The pressure sensing probe extends out of the circular waterproof housing and is in contact with and presses against the backfill layer. The circular waterproof housing is spaced apart from the inner wall of the internal cavity.

3. The automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The earth pressure gauges are arranged vertically along the length of the internal cavity.

4. The automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The backfill layer is a clay layer located between the casing and the earth pressure gauge. The clay layer is compacted to enhance the bonding stability between the casing and the earth pressure gauge, thereby enabling the earth pressure gauge to generate pre-pressure.

5. The automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply equipment includes a solar panel, a battery, and a charging controller. The charging controller is electrically connected to the solar panel and the battery, and the battery is electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument and the earth pressure gauge.

6. The automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The sleeve is coaxially fixed inside the monitoring hole, and the top of the sleeve is above the ground.

7. The automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the sleeve is provided with a protective cap, which is threaded to the sleeve. The protective cap has a through hole in the center for the data transmission wire to pass through, and a sealing ring is provided in the through hole.

8. The automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge as described in claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a core rod, the top of which is detachably connected to a protective cover. The core rod is installed inside the sleeve. Multiple earth pressure gauges are installed in layers along the length of the core rod. The core rod is spaced apart from the inner wall of the internal cavity. The middle part of the core rod has a wire cavity for data transmission wires to pass through.

9. The automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The outer side of the core rod is provided with multiple circular frames for fixing the earth pressure gauge. The circular frames are arranged vertically, and the center of the circular frame is provided with a wire hole that communicates with the wire cavity.

10. The automated monitoring structure for monitoring ground subsidence using an earth pressure gauge as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The sleeve is provided with a fixing structure to fix the sleeve to the ground.

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