Liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet, it includes cabinet, and the cabinet is set with spray plate in upper end;Multiple layers of battery PACK are stacked in vertical direction in the cabinet, and the top layer battery PACK top is opposite with the spray plate, and the bottom layer battery PACK is set with water tank directly below;Liquid cooling unit is set in the bottom end of the cabinet, and the liquid cooling unit is communicated with the water tank and the spray plate by liquid cooling pipeline, and constitutes cooling liquid circulation loop.The utility model has the effect that heat dissipation is uniform, cooling liquid circulation is efficient and can guarantee long-term stable operation of battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of liquid-cooled energy storage technology, and in particular to an integrated liquid-cooled energy storage cabinet. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of centralized energy storage systems, the liquid-cooled integrated energy storage cabinet directly determines the battery pack's efficiency, lifespan, and system safety through its thermal management performance. With the continuous increase in battery energy density, the heat generated during charging and discharging increases dramatically. If this heat cannot be dissipated evenly and promptly, it will lead to excessive temperature differences within the battery pack, accelerating performance degradation and even triggering thermal runaway. Therefore, an efficient and reliable liquid cooling system has become an essential technical guarantee for large-capacity energy storage equipment.

[0003] In existing technologies, liquid-cooled energy storage cabinets mostly employ indirect cooling methods, resulting in limited contact area between the cooling medium and the battery surface, leading to low heat dissipation efficiency. Traditional liquid cooling systems suffer from uneven coolant distribution, resulting in significant differences in cooling effects between different battery modules, impacting the overall performance and lifespan of the battery pack. At the battery module level, the coolant flow path lacks effective guidance, easily causing localized overheating or insufficient cooling. Furthermore, existing battery trays only have a simple load-bearing function, lacking fluid distribution and guidance capabilities. When collecting coolant, uneven surfaces often cause random flow deviations, further exacerbating temperature differences within the battery pack. These shortcomings result in low heat dissipation efficiency and poor operational safety in existing liquid cooling systems, making it difficult to meet the requirements for long-term stable operation of energy storage cabinets. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet that features uniform heat dissipation, efficient coolant circulation, and the ability to ensure long-term stable battery operation.

[0005] The above-mentioned utility model objective is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet includes a cabinet body, and a spray plate is provided at the upper part of the cabinet body;

[0007] The cabinet contains multiple battery packs stacked vertically. The top of the top battery pack is directly opposite the spray plate, and a water tank is located directly below the bottom battery pack.

[0008] A liquid cooling unit is installed at the bottom of the cabinet. The liquid cooling unit is connected to the water tank and the spray plate through liquid cooling pipes to form a coolant circulation loop.

[0009] Through the above technical solutions, an integrated liquid cooling circulation architecture of "top spray cooling - middle layer battery energy storage - bottom liquid recovery - unit power circulation" is constructed. With the connection design of liquid cooling unit and pipeline, a closed loop circulation of coolant is realized in the cabinet of "spraying-flowing-recovery-reuse". This architecture enables coolant to accurately cover multiple layers of battery PACK from top to bottom, continuously supplying cooling medium to each layer of PACK. It not only ensures the comprehensiveness of the cooling range, but also improves the utilization efficiency of coolant through circulation design. Ultimately, it ensures the uniformity and stability of overall heat dissipation of the energy storage cabinet during operation, and provides basic support for the long-term efficient operation of the battery system.

[0010] As a further technical solution of this utility model: the spray plate has multiple internal flow channels and multiple spray holes communicating with the internal flow channels; the cross-sectional dimensions of the internal flow channels and the diameter of the spray holes are configured to ensure that the flow rate of coolant flowing out of each spray hole is balanced.

[0011] Through the above technical solutions, the cross-sectional dimensions of the internal flow channels of the spray plate and the diameter of the spray holes are designed differently. This can actively adjust and balance the flow rate of coolant from each spray hole, overcoming the problem of uneven distribution caused by uneven fluid resistance and positional differences. This ensures that the coolant supply to the top of all battery packs is uniform (within 3%), laying the foundation for overall balanced heat dissipation.

[0012] As a further technical solution of this utility model: each layer of the battery PACK is provided with multiple battery modules, each battery module includes multiple battery cells, and a cell separator is provided between two adjacent battery cells.

[0013] The above technical solution clarifies the internal structure of the battery pack. The partition between the cells not only ensures a safe distance between the cells and prevents the spread of thermal runaway, but also provides a regular channel for the flow of coolant, which helps the coolant to have full contact with the cell surface and exchange heat.

[0014] As a further technical solution of this utility model: each battery module is provided with a battery module cover on top, and the battery module cover is provided with multiple flow guide holes, the positions of which correspond to the aluminum bar area of ​​the battery cell.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, the battery module cover and its guide holes can accurately guide the coolant from above to the most critical heat point of the battery cell—the aluminum bar area, realizing the directional distribution and precise spraying of coolant, greatly improving the heat dissipation efficiency of this core heat-generating area, and avoiding coolant waste and turbulence.

[0016] As a further technical solution of this utility model: a battery collection tray is provided under the top cover of each battery module, and the battery collection tray has a hollowed-out clearance groove for accommodating the aluminum battery.

[0017] Through the above technical solution, the hollow clearance groove and the embedded aluminum bar not only provide an unobstructed flow channel for the coolant to be accurately sprayed into the aluminum bar area through the guide hole, but also, because the clearance groove only adapts to and accommodates the aluminum bar, it does not interfere with the battery acquisition tray's function of acquiring signals such as voltage and temperature. At the same time, this structure can physically separate electrical components such as the aluminum bar from the coolant. Combined with the insulation characteristics of the battery acquisition tray itself, it further enhances the insulation and short-circuit protection safety performance, ensuring the operational stability of the integrated energy storage cabinet.

[0018] As a further technical solution of this utility model: a battery tray is provided at the bottom of each layer of the battery PACK, and the battery tray is provided with a liquid outlet structure for collecting and guiding liquid.

[0019] Through the above technical solution, the battery tray set at the bottom of each battery pack can collect the coolant flowing through the battery module, and the coolant outflow is managed and redistributed in an orderly manner through the liquid outlet structure on it, preventing the liquid from dripping randomly and ensuring that the coolant can flow smoothly into the lower layer or collect in the water tank, thus completing the final stage of the cooling cycle.

[0020] As a further technical solution of this utility model: the liquid outlet structure includes multiple grooves opened at the bottom of the battery tray, each groove is provided with multiple liquid outlet hole groups, and every two liquid outlet hole groups correspond to one battery cell; the battery tray is provided with upwardly protruding guide baffles on both sides of the extension direction of the grooves.

[0021] Through the above technical solution, the groove and the group of outlet holes therein constitute a sophisticated coolant distribution system. For example, by designing that each pair of outlet hole groups corresponds to one battery cell, the collected coolant can be directionally distributed to each cell area, achieving targeted coolant supply to individual cells. At the same time, the guide baffle can effectively constrain the flow of coolant in the groove, preventing it from escaping from both sides of the tray, ensuring that all coolant is discharged through the designed outlet hole group, thus improving coolant utilization and controllability of distribution.

[0022] In summary, this utility model has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] 1. This utility model discloses a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet, which achieves efficient closed-loop circulation of coolant in the cabinet and uniform full-coverage heat dissipation of multi-layer battery PACK by constructing an integrated liquid-cooling architecture of "top spraying - middle layer battery - bottom recycling", thus ensuring the thermal stability of the system operation.

[0024] 2. This utility model discloses a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet, which achieves balanced liquid flow from each spray hole by differentiating the cross-section of the spray plate flow channel and the diameter of the spray hole, overcoming the problem of uneven fluid distribution and ensuring uniform coolant supply to the top of the battery PACK.

[0025] 3. This utility model discloses a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet, which achieves directional guidance and precise spraying of coolant to the core heat-generating point through the precise alignment design of the guide hole on the battery module cover and the aluminum bar area of ​​the battery cell, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency and coolant utilization rate of the key area. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a partial internal structure diagram of a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single-layer battery pack structure of a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a right view of a single-layer battery pack of a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to this utility model.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a front view of the spray plate in a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to this utility model.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module cover in a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to this utility model.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the battery tray in a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to the present invention.

[0033] Attached reference numerals: 1. Cabinet; 2. Spray plate; 21. Internal flow channel; 22. Spray hole; 3. Liquid cooling unit; 4. Battery PACK; 41. Battery module; 5. Water tank; 6. Liquid cooling pipe; 7. Battery module cover; 71. Guide hole; 8. Battery collection tray; 81. Clearance groove; 9. Battery tray; 91. Groove; 911. Liquid outlet group; 92. Guide baffle; 10. Battery cell; 11. Cell separator; 12. Aluminum bar. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "top / bottom," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "sleeved / connected," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 This utility model discloses a liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet, including a cabinet body 1. A spray plate 2 is provided at the upper end of the cabinet body 1. Five layers of battery PACK4 are stacked vertically inside the cabinet body 1. The top of the top battery PACK4 is directly opposite the spray plate 2, and a water tank 5 is provided directly below the bottom battery PACK4. A liquid cooling unit 3 is provided at the bottom of the cabinet body 1. The liquid cooling unit 3 is connected to the water tank 5 and the spray plate 2 through a liquid cooling pipe 6 to form a coolant circulation loop. Through the above technical solution, an integrated liquid cooling circulation architecture of "top spray cooling - middle layer battery energy storage - bottom liquid recovery - unit power circulation" is constructed. With the connection design between the liquid cooling unit 3 and the liquid cooling pipe 6, a closed loop circulation of "spraying-flowing-recovery-reuse" of coolant is realized inside the cabinet 1. This architecture enables the coolant to accurately cover the multiple layers of battery PACK4 from top to bottom, continuously supplying cooling medium to each layer of battery PACK4. This not only ensures the comprehensiveness of the cooling range, but also improves the utilization efficiency of coolant through the circulation design. Ultimately, it ensures the uniformity and stability of the overall heat dissipation of the energy storage cabinet during operation, providing basic support for the long-term efficient operation of the battery system.

[0039] To further improve cooling accuracy and efficiency, refer to Figure 5 The spray plate 2 has multiple internal flow channels 21, including one main inlet flow channel and two sets of mirror-symmetrical parallel branch flow channels (symmetry error ≤ 0.1 mm), ensuring the symmetry of fluid distribution. A total of 104 spray holes 22 are provided, all of which are connected to the internal flow channels 21 and evenly distributed to eight branch flow channels (13 holes per branch). The 13 spray holes 22 are evenly arranged along the length of the branch flow channels. Simultaneously, the hole walls of the spray holes 22 and the inner walls of the internal flow channels 21 adopt a smooth transition structure, avoiding local turbulence when the fluid flows through the interface from the source and reducing additional resistance interference. The cross-sectional dimensions of the internal flow channels 21 and the diameters of the spray holes 22 are configured to ensure a balanced flow rate of coolant from each spray hole 22. As a preferred embodiment, the specific gradient design is as follows: the cross-section of the same branch flow channel is fixed throughout, and the cross-section of different branches decreases as they move away from the main inlet flow channel (approaching 40 mm). 2 32mm away 2 This design balances the inlet resistance caused by distance differences between branches, preventing excessive flow in near branches and insufficient flow in far branches. Secondly, the diameter of the spray holes 22 in all branches increases gradually along the fluid flow direction (away from the main inlet channel) (1.2mm near the end, 1.5mm in the middle, and 1.8mm at the end) to compensate for pressure loss along the flow path, preventing excessive flow due to high pressure near the end and insufficient flow due to low pressure at the end. Finally, through the synergy of "cross-sectional area gradient balancing of global inlet flow + orifice diameter gradient balancing of local outlet flow," the resistance differences are effectively offset, ensuring precise and balanced coolant flow from each spray hole 22 (difference within a single branch ≤1%, standard deviation of the entire plate ≤2.8%), completely avoiding insufficient local cooling and meeting the high requirements for heat dissipation uniformity in liquid-cooled energy storage cabinets. The above specific parameters are only a preferred embodiment for achieving flow balance; this invention does not limit the specific configuration of the internal flow channel 21 and spray holes 22.

[0040] Reference Figure 3 Each battery pack 4 contains multiple battery modules 41 arranged side by side. Each battery module 41 includes thirteen battery cells 10 arranged in a straight line. A cell separator 11 is fixedly installed between two adjacent battery cells 10. The cell separator 11 not only provides a safe distance between adjacent battery cells 10 to prevent the risk of thermal runaway from spreading, but also provides a regular channel for the flow of coolant between battery cells 10, ensuring that the coolant and the surface of the battery cells 10 are in full contact for efficient heat exchange.

[0041] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 6Each battery module 41 has a battery module cover 7 made of insulating material on its top, and each battery pack 4 is equipped with four battery module covers 7. Multiple through-holes 71 are opened on it, and the position of each through-hole 71 is precisely corresponding to the aluminum bar 12 area of ​​the battery cell 10 (especially the electrode welding point), which can guide the coolant sprayed above to the core heat-generating area of ​​the aluminum bar 12 and avoid disorderly flow of coolant.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 Each battery module cover 7 can also be detachably installed with a battery acquisition tray 8 below it. The battery acquisition tray 8 has a hollow clearance groove 81 that corresponds exactly to the position of the guide hole 71 and the aluminum bar 12 area. The aluminum bar 12 of the battery cell 10 is embedded in the groove. This design provides an unobstructed channel for the coolant to flow from the guide hole 71 to the aluminum bar 12 area without affecting the acquisition of battery voltage and temperature signals by the tray. In addition, the insulation characteristics of the battery acquisition tray 8 and the battery module cover 7 work together to achieve physical isolation between electrical components and coolant, ensuring insulation and short circuit prevention.

[0043] Reference Figure 4 Each battery pack 4 has a battery tray 9 at its bottom. The battery tray 9 has a coolant outlet structure for directional distribution of coolant to the battery module 41. This structure can collect the coolant flowing through the battery module 41 and manage and redistribute it in an orderly manner. The coolant outlet structure includes thirteen equally spaced grooves 91 at the bottom of the battery tray 9. Two adjacent grooves 91 form a truncated trapezoidal protrusion. The supporting surface of the protrusion is used to support the battery module 41.

[0044] Reference Figure 4 The number of grooves 91 is consistent with the number of battery cells 10 in each row of battery modules 41, as shown in the reference. Figure 7 Each groove 91 has multiple groups of eight liquid outlet holes 911 spaced apart along its length. Every two groups of liquid outlet holes 911 correspond to one battery cell 10. The number of liquid outlet hole groups 911, the number of small holes in each group, and their distribution positions can be adjusted according to heat dissipation requirements. In a preferred embodiment, each group of liquid outlet holes 911 consists of four closely arranged small liquid outlet holes, which are respectively set at positions corresponding to both ends of each battery cell 10. The battery tray 9 has upwardly protruding guide baffles 92 on both sides of its extension direction along the groove 91. The guide baffles 92 can effectively restrict the flow of coolant in the groove 91, prevent it from overflowing from both sides of the tray, and ensure that all coolant is distributed to the target area through the liquid outlet hole groups 911.

[0045] The working process of this utility model liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet is as follows:

[0046] After the liquid cooling system is started, it first enters the circulation preparation stage. The liquid pump in the liquid cooling unit 3 starts first to provide stable pressure for the flow of coolant. If it is in a low temperature environment, the PTC heater starts simultaneously to adjust the coolant temperature to a suitable range of about 25°C, completing the initialization preparation before circulation.

[0047] Next, the coolant is transported and sprayed. Under the pressure of the liquid cooling unit 3, the coolant is transported through the liquid cooling pipe 6 to the spray plate 2 at the top of the cabinet 1. The coolant entering the spray plate 2 flows along the internal flow channel 21. The coordinated design of the internal flow channel 21 and the spray hole 22 forms a balanced flow rate, which is then sprayed downward from each spray hole 22 to accurately cover the top battery PACK 4.

[0048] Then, the cooling process of the top battery module 41 begins. After the coolant falls onto the top battery PACK4, it contacts the top cover 7 of the battery module 41 and enters the module through the guide hole 71 on the top cover 7. It can be sprayed directly onto the area of ​​the aluminum bar 12 embedded in the hollow clearance groove 81 to accurately absorb the heat generated by the aluminum bar 12 during operation.

[0049] Then, the coolant flows and is cooled in layers. The coolant, after absorbing heat, flows downward along the surface of the battery cell 10, is guided by the cell separator 11 and gathers in the battery tray 9. Under the constraint of the flow guide baffle 92, it flows into the groove 91 and is evenly distributed through the liquid outlet group 911. If it is not the bottom battery PACK4, the coolant continues to flow downward to the bottom battery PACK4 and repeats the cooling process. If it is the bottom battery PACK4, it flows directly into the water tank 5 for storage.

[0050] Finally, the coolant is recycled and circulated. The coolant in the water tank 5 is transported back to the liquid cooling unit 3 through the liquid cooling pipe 6. After being temperature controlled and pressurized by the liquid cooling unit 3, it re-enters the next cycle, realizing continuous circulation and heat dissipation of the coolant.

[0051] The implementation principle of this utility model is as follows: This utility model constructs a closed-loop liquid cooling circulation path from top to bottom through the integrated layout of the spray plate 2, multi-layer battery PACK 4, water tank 5 and liquid cooling unit 3 inside the cabinet 1; the differentiated configuration of the cross section of the internal flow channel 21 and the diameter of the spray hole 22 of the spray plate 2 achieves flow balance, ensuring consistent liquid output at each spray point; the alignment design of the guide hole 71 of the battery module cover 7 with the area of ​​the aluminum bar 12 achieves precise flow guidance, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of key areas; the structure of the groove 91 of the battery tray 9 and the liquid outlet hole group 911 achieves orderly collection and directional distribution of liquid flow, avoiding flow uncertainty; the components work together to ultimately achieve efficient and uniform heat dissipation and stable and reliable operation of the entire energy storage system.

[0052] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet, comprising a cabinet body (1), characterized in that, A spray plate (2) is provided at the upper part of the cabinet (1); The cabinet (1) contains multiple battery packs (4) stacked vertically. The top of the top battery pack (4) is directly opposite the spray plate (2), and a water tank (5) is located directly below the bottom battery pack (4). The cabinet (1) is equipped with a liquid cooling unit (3) at the bottom. The liquid cooling unit (3) is connected to the water tank (5) and the spray plate (2) through a liquid cooling pipe (6) to form a coolant circulation loop.

2. The liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray plate (2) has multiple internal flow channels (21) and multiple spray holes (22) communicating with the internal flow channels (21); the cross-sectional dimensions of the internal flow channels (21) and the diameter of the spray holes (22) are configured to ensure that the flow rate of coolant flowing out of each spray hole (22) is balanced.

3. The liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each layer of the battery PACK (4) is provided with multiple battery modules (41), each battery module (41) includes multiple battery cells (10), and a cell separator (11) is provided between two adjacent battery cells (10).

4. The liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each battery module (41) is provided with a battery module cover (7) on top. The battery module cover (7) has multiple flow guide holes (71) and the position of the flow guide holes (71) corresponds to the aluminum bar (12) area of ​​the battery cell (10).

5. The liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each of the battery modules has a battery collection tray (8) below its top cover (7). The battery collection tray (8) has a hollowed-out clearance groove (81) for accommodating the aluminum bar (12).

6. The liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each layer of the battery PACK (4) has a battery tray (9) at the bottom, and the battery tray (9) has an outlet structure for collecting and guiding liquid.

7. The liquid-cooled energy storage integrated cabinet according to claim 6, characterized in that, The liquid outlet structure includes multiple grooves (91) formed at the bottom of the battery tray (9), each groove (91) having multiple liquid outlet hole groups (911), and each pair of liquid outlet hole groups (911) corresponding to one battery cell (10); both sides of the battery tray (9) along the extension direction of the grooves (91) are provided with upwardly protruding guide baffles (92).

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