An automatic voltage regulator with speed and charging function
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHONGQING LIHUA GENJIN TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
Smart Images
Figure CN224555505U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of generator set control technology, specifically to an automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions. Background Technology
[0002] A generator set is a complete set of mechanical equipment that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. It consists of a power system, control system, noise reduction system, vibration damping system, and exhaust system. Driven by a water turbine, steam turbine, diesel engine, or other power machinery, it converts energy from water flow, airflow, fuel combustion, or nuclear fission into mechanical energy, which is then transferred to the generator. The generator then converts this mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is output to electrical equipment. Generators have wide applications in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, science and technology, and daily life.
[0003] The inventors of this application discovered through research and use that the automatic voltage regulators of existing generator sets can only regulate voltage and cannot charge the batteries (storage batteries) on the generator set. To achieve the charging function, a separate charger needs to be added. Furthermore, they cannot adjust the generator speed. Traditional engine speed adjustment generally uses mechanical devices, which have low speed regulation accuracy and poor consistency. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the technical problem that existing automatic voltage regulators for generator sets can only regulate voltage and cannot charge the generator battery or adjust the generator speed, this utility model provides an automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions. It has three functions: voltage regulation, battery charging, and speed regulation, in order to meet the requirements of low cost, high quality, easy production, easy maintenance, and small installation space for the entire generator set.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] An automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions includes a power supply circuit, a speed control circuit, a voltage regulation control circuit, and an MCU main control unit; wherein,
[0007] The power supply circuit includes a constant voltage power supply unit, a constant current charging circuit, a power distribution circuit for the control unit, and a battery voltage detection unit. The input terminal of the constant voltage power supply unit is connected to the DC winding of the generator, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the constant current charging circuit and the first input terminal of the power distribution circuit for the control unit. The output terminal of the constant current charging circuit is connected to the battery input terminal. The second input terminal of the power distribution circuit for the control unit and the input terminal of the battery voltage detection unit are connected to the battery output terminal. The output terminals of the power distribution circuit for the control unit and the battery voltage detection unit are connected to the MCU main control unit.
[0008] The speed control circuit includes a speed acquisition unit, a choke stepper motor control circuit, a throttle stepper motor control circuit, and a solenoid valve control circuit. The speed acquisition unit is used to acquire the speed of the generator igniter or trigger. The output terminal of the speed acquisition unit and the input terminals of the choke stepper motor control circuit, the throttle stepper motor control circuit, and the solenoid valve control circuit are respectively connected to the MCU main control unit. The output terminal of the choke stepper motor control circuit is connected to the choke stepper motor. The output terminal of the throttle stepper motor control circuit is connected to the throttle stepper motor. The output terminal of the solenoid valve control circuit is connected to the fuel solenoid valve.
[0009] The voltage regulation control circuit includes a main winding voltage detection circuit, a voltage regulator rectifier and filter circuit, a voltage regulator power control circuit, and a voltage regulator excitation drive circuit. The output terminal of the main winding voltage detection circuit is connected to the MCU main control unit. The input terminal of the voltage regulator rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the generator auxiliary winding, and the output terminal is connected to the power supply terminal of the voltage regulator power control circuit. The input terminal of the voltage regulator excitation drive circuit is connected to the MCU main control unit, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator power control circuit. The output terminal of the voltage regulator power control circuit is connected to the generator excitation winding.
[0010] Furthermore, the power supply constant voltage unit and charging constant current circuit include diodes D65 to D69, capacitors C95 to C104, resistors R209 to R226, NMOS transistor Q46, inductor L1, power supply PWM control chip U14, optocoupler U15, voltage reference chip U16, positive terminal current amplifier chip U17, and operational amplifier U18. The anode of diode D65 is connected to the cathode of diode D68, and the connection line between diodes D65 and D68 has a terminal for connecting the DC winding AC1. The anode of diode D66 is connected to the cathode of diode D69, and the connection line between diodes D66 and D69 has a terminal for connecting the DC winding AC2. The cathodes of diodes D65 and D66 are connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q46, one end of capacitors C95 and C96, and one end of resistor R209. The source of NMOS transistor Q46 is connected to one end of resistor R211, the cathode of diode D67, and pin 8 of chip U14. The gate of NMOS transistor Q46 is connected to pin 1 of chip U14 via resistor R210. Pin 2 of chip U14 is connected to one end of capacitor C97 and the other end of resistor R209. Pin 3 is connected to one end of resistors R216 and R217. Pin 4 is connected to one end of resistors R218 and R219. Pin 5 is connected to the other end of capacitor C97, the other end of resistors R216 and R219, and chip U14 via capacitor C99. Pins 6 and 7 of resistor 4, the other end of resistor R211, and one end of inductor L1 are connected. The other end of resistor R217 is connected to the other end of inductor L1, one end of resistors R212, R213, and R214, the collector of the output terminal of optocoupler U15, the 14.3V power supply, one end of capacitor C98, and pin 4 of the positive current amplifier chip U17. The other end of resistor R218 is connected to one end of capacitors C100 and C102, the other end of resistor R214, and pin 2 of voltage reference chip U16. The other end of capacitor C100 is connected to pin 1 of voltage reference chip U16, one end of resistors R223 and R215, via resistor R220. The other end of resistor R215 is connected to the other end of resistor R213 and optocoupler U17. The emitter of the output terminal of optocoupler U15 is connected. The positive terminal of the input terminal of optocoupler U15 is connected to a 3.3V power supply. The negative terminal of the input terminal of optocoupler U15 is connected to pin 4 of operational amplifier U18 via resistor R221. Pin 1 of operational amplifier U18 is connected to one end of resistors R222 and R226 and capacitor C104 via resistor R224. The other end of resistor R222 is connected to the 3.3V power supply, one end of capacitor C101 is connected to pin 5 of operational amplifier U18, and pin 3 of operational amplifier U18 is connected to pin 6 of positive current amplifier chip U17 via resistor R225. Pin 5 of positive current amplifier chip U17 and the other end of resistor R212 are connected to the positive input terminal of the battery. Pin 3 is connected to the 3.3V power supply.The 3V power supply and one end of capacitor C103 are connected. Pins 1 and 2, the other ends of capacitors C95 and C96, C98, C101, C102, C103, and C104, the other ends of resistors R226 and R223, pin 2 of operational amplifier U18, pin 3 of voltage reference chip U16, and the positive terminals of diodes D67, D68, and D69 are all grounded.
[0011] Furthermore, the stepper motor control circuit for the choke door includes dual diodes D25 to D28, transistors Q20 to Q23, resistors R83, resistors R97 to R100, resistors R110 to R112, resistor R116, and capacitors C26 and C27. The second negative terminal of the dual diode D25 is connected to the collector of transistor Q20, and the base of transistor Q20 is connected to one end of resistors R97 and R110. The second negative terminal of the dual diode D26 is connected to the collector of transistor Q21, and the base of transistor Q21 is connected to one end of resistors R98 and R116. The second negative terminal of the dual diode D27 is connected to the collector of transistor Q22, and the base of transistor Q22 is connected to one end of resistors R99 and R111. The second negative terminal of transistor D28 is connected to the collector of transistor Q23. The base of transistor Q23 is connected to one end of resistors R100 and R112. The emitters of transistors Q20, Q21, Q22, and Q23, as well as the other ends of resistors R110, R116, R111, and R112, are grounded. The other ends of resistors R97 to R100 are connected to the MCU main control unit. The positive terminals of dual diodes D25 to D28 are connected to pins 5, 4, 3, and 2 of the 5-wire stepper motor, respectively. The first negative terminals of dual diodes D25 to D28 are all connected to one end of capacitor C27 and resistor R83. The other ends of capacitor C27 and resistor R83 are connected to the 12V power supply and one end of capacitor C26. The other end of capacitor C26 is grounded.
[0012] Furthermore, the throttle stepper motor control circuit includes a motor driver chip U5, a capacitor C21, and diodes DW5, DW7, DW8, and DW10. Pins 2, 3, 6, and 7 of the motor driver chip U5 are connected to the MCU main control unit, and pin 4 is connected to one end of capacitor C21 and a 12V power supply. The other end of capacitor C21 is grounded. Pins 16, 13, 12, and 9 of the motor driver chip U5 are connected to pins 1, 2, 3, and 1 of the 4-wire stepper motor and the negative terminals of diodes DW5, DW7, DW8, and DW10, respectively. The positive terminals of diodes DW5, DW7, DW8, and DW10, as well as pins 15, 14, 11, and 10 of the motor driver chip U5, are all grounded.
[0013] Furthermore, the main winding voltage detection circuit includes diodes D22, D29, D32, D34, and D35; resistors R67, R72 to R75, R77, R79 to R82, R84 to R86, R88 to R92, R94 and R95, R143, and a sliding resistor W1; capacitors C31, C32, C35, C36, C37, and C46; and operational amplifiers U9A, U9B, and U10B. The anodes of diodes D32, D29, and D22 are connected to the U, V, and W terminals of the generator main winding, respectively. The cathodes of diodes D32, D29, and D22 are all connected to resistors R79, R80, and R81 and resistor R8. 2. Connect one end of capacitor C35. The cathodes of diodes D34 and D35 are connected to the U and V phases of the generator main winding, respectively. The anodes of diodes D34 and D35 are connected to resistor R89 and the generator neutral wire. The other end of resistor R89 is grounded via resistors R90 and R91 and the other end of capacitor C35. The other end of resistor R82 is connected to one fixed end of sliding resistor W1. The other fixed end of sliding resistor W1 is grounded via resistor R92. The sliding end of sliding resistor W1 is connected to the non-inverting input of operational amplifier U10B. The inverting input and output of operational amplifier U10B are connected to one end of resistor R86. The other end of resistor R86 is connected to the inverting input of operational amplifier U9B. The input terminal, one end of capacitor C36, and one end of resistor R143 are connected. The other end of capacitor C36 and the other end of resistor R143 are connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U9B and one end of resistor R88 via capacitor C46. The other end of resistor R88 is connected to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U9A. The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U9B is connected to one end of resistor R84. The other end of resistor R84 is connected to one end of resistor R75, resistor R94, and capacitor C37. The other ends of resistor R94 and capacitor C37 are grounded. The other end of resistor R75 is connected to resistors R73 and R67. The other end of resistor R73 is connected to the MCU main control unit. The other end of resistor R67 is connected to the VCC power supply, capacitor C31, and resistor R67. One end of resistor R72 is connected to the voltage terminal of operational amplifier U9A. The other end of resistor R72 is connected to one end of resistors R77 and R95. Resistor R95, one end of capacitor C31, and the ground terminal of operational amplifier U9A are grounded. The other end of resistor R77 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U9A and one end of resistor R74. The other end of resistor R74 is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U9A and one end of resistor R85. The other end of resistor R85 is connected to the gate of NMOS transistor Q17 through the excitation drive circuit of the voltage regulator. The drain of NMOS transistor Q17 is connected to one end of capacitor C32 and the 400V power supply through the generator excitation winding. The other end of capacitor C32 and the source of NMOS transistor Q17 are grounded.
[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions provided by this utility model, on the one hand, obtains a stable voltage from the generator's DC winding through a constant voltage power supply unit, and the constant current charging circuit charges the generator set battery with a constant current through the stable voltage, preventing excessive current from damaging the battery; on the other hand, based on the speed signal from the generator igniter or trigger, the MCU main control unit controls the opening of the choke and throttle valve through the choke stepper motor control circuit and the throttle stepper motor control circuit, so that the generator set output speed (frequency) is stable at the set value under various operating conditions, with good speed control consistency, and when the load changes suddenly, the fuel solenoid valve is controlled by the solenoid valve control circuit to control the opening and closing of the fuel solenoid valve to control the fuel supply speed, thereby assisting speed control; furthermore, based on the generator main winding voltage signal fed back by the main winding voltage detection circuit, the MCU main control unit controls the generator excitation winding current through the voltage regulator excitation drive circuit and the voltage regulator power control circuit, so that the generator set output voltage is stable at the set value under various operating conditions. Therefore, this voltage regulator integrates voltage regulation, speed regulation, and charging functions into one unit, resulting in lower cost, better performance, and higher reliability. When applied to a generator, this voltage regulator can save installation space, reduce installation costs, reduce the number of connecting wires and terminals between modules, and improve the reliability of the control system. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the principle of the automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions provided by this utility model.
[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply constant voltage unit and charging constant current circuit provided by this utility model.
[0017] Figure 3 This is the schematic diagram of the stepper motor control circuit for the choke door provided by this utility model.
[0018] Figure 4 This is the schematic diagram of the throttle stepper motor control circuit provided by this utility model.
[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main winding voltage detection circuit, the voltage regulator power control circuit, and the voltage regulator excitation drive circuit provided by this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0020] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the following description, in conjunction with specific illustrations, further elaborates on this utility model.
[0021] Please refer to Figure 1As shown, this utility model provides an automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions, including a power supply circuit, a speed control circuit, a voltage regulation control circuit, and an MCU main control unit; wherein,
[0022] The power supply circuit includes a constant voltage power supply unit, a constant current charging circuit, a power distribution circuit for the control unit, and a battery voltage detection unit. The input terminal of the constant voltage power supply unit is connected to the DC winding of the generator, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the constant current charging circuit and the first input terminal of the power distribution circuit for the control unit. The output terminal of the constant current charging circuit is connected to the battery input terminal. The second input terminal of the power distribution circuit for the control unit and the input terminal of the battery voltage detection unit are connected to the battery output terminal. The output terminals of the power distribution circuit for the control unit and the battery voltage detection unit are connected to the MCU main control unit.
[0023] The speed control circuit includes a speed acquisition unit, a choke stepper motor control circuit, a throttle stepper motor control circuit, and a solenoid valve control circuit. The speed acquisition unit is used to acquire the speed of the generator igniter or trigger. The output terminal of the speed acquisition unit and the input terminals of the choke stepper motor control circuit, the throttle stepper motor control circuit, and the solenoid valve control circuit are respectively connected to the MCU main control unit. The output terminal of the choke stepper motor control circuit is connected to the choke stepper motor. The output terminal of the throttle stepper motor control circuit is connected to the throttle stepper motor. The output terminal of the solenoid valve control circuit is connected to the fuel solenoid valve.
[0024] The voltage regulation control circuit includes a main winding voltage detection circuit, a voltage regulator rectifier and filter circuit, a voltage regulator power control circuit, and a voltage regulator excitation drive circuit. The output terminal of the main winding voltage detection circuit is connected to the MCU main control unit. The input terminal of the voltage regulator rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the generator auxiliary winding, and the output terminal is connected to the power supply terminal of the voltage regulator power control circuit. The input terminal of the voltage regulator excitation drive circuit is connected to the MCU main control unit, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator power control circuit. The output terminal of the voltage regulator power control circuit is connected to the generator excitation winding.
[0025] In a specific implementation, the power supply circuit utilizes the existing generator DC winding for power supply. The constant voltage unit obtains a stable voltage, such as 14.3V, through a power supply topology such as a BUCK power supply topology or other power supply topologies. The constant current charging circuit provides a constant current to the generator battery through the 14.3V, preventing excessive current from damaging the battery. The control unit power distribution circuit provides 5V and 3.3V power to the control system, such as the MCU main control unit, and switches to battery power to supply the entire control system when the generator is in standby mode. The battery voltage detection unit provides signal basis for system undervoltage and overvoltage protection. Using this power supply circuit implementation, the battery charging function, speed control circuit, and voltage regulation control circuit can share a single power supply, resulting in lower cost, fewer inter-module connection lines, reduced antenna effect, stronger anti-interference capability, lower failure rate, and lower system power consumption.
[0026] For a specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 2As shown, the power supply constant voltage unit and charging constant current circuit include diodes D65 to D69, capacitors C95 to C104, resistors R209 to R226, NMOS transistor Q46, inductor L1, power supply PWM control chip U14, optocoupler U15, voltage reference chip U16, positive terminal current amplifier chip U17, and operational amplifier U18. The anode of diode D65 is connected to the cathode of diode D68. A DC winding AC1 terminal is provided on the connection line between diodes D65 and D68. The anode of diode D66 is connected to the cathode of diode D69. A DC winding AC2 terminal is provided on the connection line between diodes D66 and D69. The cathodes of diodes D65 and D66 are connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q46, one end of capacitors C95 and C96, and one end of resistor R209. The source of NMOS transistor Q46 is connected to one end of resistor R211, the cathode of diode D67, and pin 8 of chip U14. The gate of NMOS transistor Q46 is connected to pin 1 of chip U14 via resistor R210. Pin 2 of chip U14 is connected to one end of capacitor C97 and the other end of resistor R209. Pin 3 is connected to one end of resistors R216 and R217. Pin 4 is connected to one end of resistors R218 and R219. Pin 5 is connected to the other end of capacitor C97, the other end of resistors R216 and R219, and chip U14 via capacitor C99. Pins 6 and 7 of resistor 4, the other end of resistor R211, and one end of inductor L1 are connected. The other end of resistor R217 is connected to the other end of inductor L1, one end of resistors R212, R213, and R214, the collector of the output terminal of optocoupler U15, the 14.3V power supply, one end of capacitor C98, and pin 4 of the positive current amplifier chip U17. The other end of resistor R218 is connected to one end of capacitors C100 and C102, the other end of resistor R214, and pin 2 of voltage reference chip U16. The other end of capacitor C100 is connected to pin 1 of voltage reference chip U16, one end of resistors R223 and R215, via resistor R220. The other end of resistor R215 is connected to the other end of resistor R213 and optocoupler U17. The emitter of the output terminal of optocoupler U15 is connected. The positive terminal of the input terminal of optocoupler U15 is connected to a 3.3V power supply. The negative terminal of the input terminal of optocoupler U15 is connected to pin 4 of operational amplifier U18 via resistor R221. Pin 1 of operational amplifier U18 is connected to one end of resistors R222 and R226 and capacitor C104 via resistor R224. The other end of resistor R222 is connected to the 3.3V power supply, one end of capacitor C101 is connected to pin 5 of operational amplifier U18, and pin 3 of operational amplifier U18 is connected to pin 6 of positive current amplifier chip U17 via resistor R225. Pin 5 of positive current amplifier chip U17 and the other end of resistor R212 are connected to the positive input terminal of the battery. Pin 3 is connected to the 3.3V power supply.The 3V power supply and one end of capacitor C103 are connected. Pins 1 and 2, the other ends of capacitors C95 and C96, C98, C101, C102, C103, and C104, the other ends of resistors R226 and R223, pin 2 of operational amplifier U18, pin 3 of voltage reference chip U16, and the positive terminals of diodes D67, D68, and D69 are all grounded.
[0027] Figure 2 In the specific embodiment shown, the power supply buck constant current uses a BUCK power supply topology; diodes D65, D66, D68, D69 and capacitors C95, C96 form a full-bridge rectifier circuit to obtain a higher DC voltage; resistor R209 and capacitor C97 provide power to chip U14; C99 is the internal low-voltage power supply decoupling capacitor of chip U14; Q46, R210, and U14 provide BUCK switching waveform control to charge inductor L1; L1, C98, and D67 form an inductor freewheeling charging circuit to continuously provide current to capacitor C98; R213, R215, R223, R220, C100, U16, R214, and C102 The reference voltage is formed by resistors R216, R217, R218, and R219. These resistors are the feedback sampling voltage divider resistors for chip U14. Chip U14 adjusts the PWM waveform width according to the feedback voltage to maintain a constant output voltage. U17, R212, C103, U18, C101, R222, R224, R225, R226, C104, R221, and U15 form a current amplification and current limiting circuit. When the battery charging current exceeds the set value, the reference voltage at pin 4 (FB2) of chip U14 is adjusted by changing the internal resistance of U15. This reduces the duty cycle and thus reduces the current output through resistor R212, achieving constant current battery charging.
[0028] In a specific implementation, when the user starts the engine using the start button on the panel, the start relay controls the starter motor to provide the engine with an initial speed. The MCU main control unit controls the corresponding fuel supply solenoid valve to open and the choke and throttle valve to their optimal positions, ensuring smooth engine ignition and start-up. In the speed control circuit, the MCU main control unit, based on the speed signal from the generator igniter or trigger, controls the choke valve opening via the choke stepper motor control circuit and the throttle valve opening via the throttle stepper motor control circuit. This ensures the generator set's output speed (frequency) remains stable at the set value under various operating conditions, exhibiting good speed control consistency. Furthermore, during sudden load changes, the solenoid valve control circuit controls the opening and closing of the fuel solenoid valve to control the fuel supply speed, thereby assisting in speed control. When the user sets the generator to idle speed via the panel switch, the MCU main control unit controls the throttle valve to reduce the generator speed and power; for example, a model rated at 50Hz will reduce to 40Hz to save fuel.
[0029] For a specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the choke door stepper motor control circuit includes dual diodes D25 to D28, transistors Q20 to Q23, resistors R83, resistors R97 to R100, resistors R110 to R112, resistor R116, and capacitors C26 and C27. The second negative terminal of dual diode D25 is connected to the collector of transistor Q20, and the base of transistor Q20 is connected to one end of resistors R97 and R110. The second negative terminal of dual diode D26 is connected to the collector of transistor Q21, and the base of transistor Q21 is connected to one end of resistors R98 and R116. The second negative terminal of dual diode D27 is connected to the collector of transistor Q22, and the base of transistor Q22 is connected to one end of resistors R99 and R111. The second negative terminal of transistor D28 is connected to the collector of transistor Q23. The base of transistor Q23 is connected to one end of resistors R100 and R112. The emitters of transistors Q20, Q21, Q22, and Q23, as well as the other ends of resistors R110, R116, R111, and R112, are grounded. The other ends of resistors R97 to R100 are connected to the MCU main control unit. The positive terminals of dual diodes D25 to D28 are connected to pins 5, 4, 3, and 2 of the 5-wire stepper motor, respectively. The first negative terminals of dual diodes D25 to D28 are all connected to one end of capacitor C27 and resistor R83. The other ends of capacitor C27 and resistor R83 are connected to the 12V power supply and one end of capacitor C26. The other end of capacitor C26 is grounded.
[0030] Figure 3 In the specific embodiment shown, the stepper motor for the choke door uses a 5-wire motor. The drive circuit uses diodes and transistors to control the stepper motor windings to achieve forward and reverse rotation and position holding. The drive timing signal is provided by the MCU main control unit. R97, R110, D25, and Q20 form a low-end grounding control for one winding. When the M1_BLUE network (the other end of resistor R97) is controlled to a high level by the MCU main control unit, resistors R97 and R110 form a voltage divider circuit to provide base current to transistor Q20 to turn on Q20, so that the winding corresponding to the MT1_BLUE network of the stepper motor is grounded through the dual diodes D25. Conversely, when the M1_BLUE network is low, the winding corresponding to the MT1_BLUE network is de-energized. The grounding control principle for the other three windings is the same. Among them, capacitor C26 is a decoupling filter capacitor, and capacitor C27 and resistor R83 are used to absorb the spike voltage when the stepper motor winding is released, to prevent the spike voltage from damaging the transistor and interfering with the operation of other circuits. When the power supply is reversed, the dual diode D25 serves to prevent it from burning out.
[0031] For a specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 4As shown, the throttle stepper motor control circuit includes a motor driver chip U5, a capacitor C21, and diodes DW5, DW7, DW8, and DW10. Pins 2, 3, 6, and 7 of the motor driver chip U5 are connected to the MCU main control unit, and pin 4 is connected to one end of capacitor C21 and a 12V power supply. The other end of capacitor C21 is grounded. Pins 16, 13, 12, and 9 of the motor driver chip U5 are connected to pins 1, 2, 3, and 1 of the 4-wire stepper motor and the negative terminals of diodes DW5, DW7, DW8, and DW10, respectively. The positive terminals of diodes DW5, DW7, DW8, and DW10, as well as pins 15, 14, 11, and 10 of the motor driver chip U5, are all grounded. In this embodiment, the throttle stepper motor is a 4-wire motor. The drive circuit uses the motor driver chip U5 to realize the forward and reverse rotation and position holding of the stepper motor. The drive timing signal is provided by the MCU main control unit, and C21 is a decoupling filter capacitor.
[0032] In a specific implementation, the voltage regulator rectifier and filter circuit in the voltage regulation control circuit provides a high-voltage, stable power supply for the voltage regulation function, typically less than DC 400V. The MCU main control unit, based on the generator main winding voltage signal fed back from the main winding voltage detection circuit, controls the generator excitation winding current through the voltage regulator excitation drive circuit and the voltage regulator power control circuit, ensuring the generator set's output voltage remains stable at the set value under various operating conditions. In this specific implementation, the voltage regulation control shares a single MCU main control unit with the aforementioned speed regulation control. This not only saves material costs but also provides a more flexible control strategy, eliminates the need for data communication, and results in faster, more stable control speed, making it less susceptible to external signal interference.
[0033] For a specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 5As shown, the main winding voltage detection circuit includes diodes D22, D29, D32, D34, and D35; resistors R67, R72 to R75, R77, R79 to R82, R84 to R86, R88 to R92, R94 and R95, R143, and a sliding resistor W1; capacitors C31, C32, C35, C36, C37, and C46; and operational amplifiers U9A, U9B, and U10B. The positive terminals of diodes D32, D29, and D22 are connected to U(JPU), V(JPV), and W(JPW) of the generator main winding, respectively. The negative terminals of diodes D32, D29, and D22 are all connected to resistors R79 and R82. 0. R81 is connected to one end of resistor R82 and capacitor C35. The cathodes of diodes D34 and D35 are connected to the U and V phases of the generator main winding, respectively. The anodes of diodes D34 and D35 are connected to resistor R89 and the generator neutral line (JPN). The other end of resistor R89 is grounded via resistors R90 and R91 and the other end of capacitor C35. The other end of resistor R82 is connected to one fixed end of sliding resistor W1. The other fixed end of sliding resistor W1 is grounded via resistor R92. The sliding end of sliding resistor W1 is connected to the non-inverting input of operational amplifier U10B. The inverting input and output of operational amplifier U10B are connected to one end of resistor R86. The other end of resistor R86 is connected to the... The inverting input of operational amplifier U9B, one end of capacitor C36, and one end of resistor R143 are connected. The other end of capacitor C36 and the other end of resistor R143 are connected to the output of operational amplifier U9B and one end of resistor R88 via capacitor C46. The other end of resistor R88 is connected to the inverting input of operational amplifier U9A. The non-inverting input of operational amplifier U9B is connected to one end of resistor R84. The other end of resistor R84 is connected to one end of resistors R75, R94, and capacitor C37. The other ends of resistors R94 and capacitor C37 are grounded. The other end of resistor R75 is connected to resistors R73 and R67. The other end of resistor R73 is connected to the MCU main control unit. The other end of resistor R67 is connected to the VCC power supply and capacitor C143. 31 and one end of resistor R72 are connected to the voltage terminal of operational amplifier U9A. The other end of resistor R72 is connected to one end of resistors R77 and R95. Resistor R95, one end of capacitor C31, and the ground terminal of operational amplifier U9A are grounded. The other end of resistor R77 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U9A and one end of resistor R74. The other end of resistor R74 is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U9A and one end of resistor R85. The other end of resistor R85 is connected to the gate of NMOS transistor Q17 through the excitation drive circuit of the voltage regulator. The drain of NMOS transistor Q17 is connected to one end of capacitor C32 and the 400V power supply through the generator excitation winding. The other end of capacitor C32 and the source of NMOS transistor Q17 are grounded.
[0034] Figure 5 In the specific embodiment shown, the voltage on the generator main winding is rectified by rectifier circuits D22, D29, D32, D34, and D35 to obtain a high-voltage peaked wave; the high-voltage peaked wave is then converted into a low-voltage, low-impedance peaked wave by follower circuits R79, R80, R81, R82, W1, R92, R91, R90, R89, and U10B; the VCC power supply is divided by R67, R75, R94, and C37 to obtain a voltage reference voltage Vre1; U9B, R84, R86, R143, C46, and C36 form an integrator comparator, which performs voltage division on the V-JC network (U The output voltage of 10B is integrated with the Vre1 wave to obtain a triangular wave V1 (output of U9B); the VCC power supply is divided by R72 and R95 to obtain the reference voltage Vre2. R77, R88, R74, and U9A form a comparator to compare the V1 triangular wave signal with the reference voltage Vre2 to obtain a PWM wave; the PWM wave is used to control Q17 (power control circuit of the voltage regulator) through the excitation drive circuit of the voltage regulator to supply power to the excitation winding of the generator; the rectifier and filter circuit of the voltage regulator charges capacitor C32, and capacitor C32 supplies power to the power control circuit of the voltage regulator.
[0035] When the voltage on the generator main winding decreases, the V-JC voltage decreases synchronously, the triangular wave V1 voltage decreases, and the duty cycle of the PWM wave output by V2 (the other end of resistor R85) increases, causing the average excitation current to increase. The magnetic flux in the generator excitation winding increases, thereby increasing the generator voltage and stabilizing it. Conversely, when the voltage on the generator main winding increases, the V-JC voltage increases synchronously, the triangular wave V1 voltage increases, and the duty cycle of the PWM wave output by V2 decreases, causing the average excitation current to decrease. The magnetic flux in the generator excitation winding decreases, thereby decreasing the generator voltage and stabilizing it.
[0036] When the MCU main control unit obtains from the speed acquisition unit that the speed drop exceeds a certain time, the MCU considers the user load to be too heavy. At this time, the MCU main control unit sends a PWM wave through resistor R73 to lower the voltage reference Vre1, thereby increasing the triangular wave voltage V1 and reducing the duty cycle of the PWM wave output by V2, thus lowering the average value of the excitation current. The magnetic flux of the generator excitation winding decreases, thereby reducing the generator voltage and reducing the total load power at the user end, preventing the generator from shutting down due to insufficient power when the load suddenly increases.
[0037] When abnormal situations such as short circuit at the user end, oil alarm, overspeed, overvoltage, or undervoltage occur, the MCU will shut down the generator through the shutdown line control circuit to prevent danger or damage to the generator. Users can check the corresponding indicator lights for fault alarms to maintain the generator.
[0038] In a specific implementation, the power distribution circuit and battery voltage detection unit in the power supply circuit, the speed acquisition unit and solenoid valve control circuit in the speed control circuit, and the voltage regulator rectifier filter circuit and voltage regulator excitation drive circuit in the voltage regulation control circuit are all conventional circuits in the art, and those skilled in the art can implement them using existing technology, so they will not be described in detail here. The MCU main control unit can be implemented using the existing APM32F030R8T6-LQFP64 chip, which features high integration, fast control speed, and lowest cost. Of course, those skilled in the art can also use other types of chips.
[0039] Compared with existing technologies, the automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions provided by this utility model, on the one hand, obtains a stable voltage from the generator's DC winding through a constant voltage power supply unit, and the constant current charging circuit charges the generator set battery with a constant current through the stable voltage, preventing excessive current from damaging the battery; on the other hand, based on the speed signal from the generator igniter or trigger, the MCU main control unit controls the opening of the choke and throttle valve through the choke stepper motor control circuit and the throttle stepper motor control circuit, so that the generator set output speed (frequency) is stable at the set value under various operating conditions, with good speed control consistency, and when the load changes suddenly, the fuel solenoid valve is controlled by the solenoid valve control circuit to control the opening and closing of the fuel solenoid valve to control the fuel supply speed, thereby assisting speed control; furthermore, based on the generator main winding voltage signal fed back by the main winding voltage detection circuit, the MCU main control unit controls the generator excitation winding current through the voltage regulator excitation drive circuit and the voltage regulator power control circuit, so that the generator set output voltage is stable at the set value under various operating conditions. Therefore, this voltage regulator integrates voltage regulation, speed regulation, and charging functions into one unit, resulting in lower cost, better performance, and higher reliability. When applied to a generator, this voltage regulator can save installation space, reduce installation costs, reduce the number of connecting wires and terminals between modules, and improve the reliability of the control system.
[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this utility model, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.
Claims
1. An automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions, characterized in that, It includes a power supply circuit, a speed control circuit, a voltage regulation control circuit, and an MCU main control unit; among them, the power supply circuit includes a power supply constant voltage unit, a charging constant current circuit, a control unit power distribution circuit, and a battery voltage detection unit. The input end of the power supply constant voltage unit is connected to the DC winding of the generator, and the output end is connected to the input end of the charging constant current circuit and the first input end of the control unit power distribution circuit. The output end of the charging constant current circuit is connected to the battery input end. The second input end of the control unit power distribution circuit and the input end of the battery voltage detection unit are connected to the battery output end. The output ends of the control unit power distribution circuit and the battery voltage detection unit are connected to the MCU main control unit; the speed control circuit includes a speed acquisition unit, a choke step motor control circuit, a throttle step motor control circuit, and a solenoid valve control circuit. The speed acquisition unit is used to acquire the speed of the generator igniter or trigger. The output end of the speed acquisition unit and the input ends of the choke step motor control circuit, the throttle step motor control circuit, and the solenoid valve control circuit are respectively connected to the MCU main control unit. The output end of the choke step motor control circuit is connected to the choke step motor. The output end of the throttle step motor control circuit is connected to the throttle step motor. The output end of the solenoid valve control circuit is connected to the fuel solenoid valve; the voltage regulation control circuit includes a main winding voltage detection circuit, a regulator rectification and filtering circuit, a regulator power control circuit, and a regulator excitation drive circuit. The output end of the main winding voltage detection circuit is connected to the MCU main control unit. The input end of the regulator rectification and filtering circuit is connected to the auxiliary winding of the generator, and the output end is connected to the power supply end of the regulator power control circuit. The input end of the regulator excitation drive circuit is connected to the MCU main control unit, and the output end is connected to the input end of the regulator power control circuit. The output end of the regulator power control circuit is connected to the generator excitation winding.
2. The automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions according to claim 1, characterized in that The power supply constant voltage unit and the charging constant current circuit include diodes D65 to D69, capacitors C95 to C104, resistors R209 to R226, NMOS transistor Q46, inductor L1, power supply PWM control chip U14, optocoupler U15, voltage reference chip U16, positive terminal current amplifier chip U17, and operational amplifier U18. The positive electrode of diode D65 is connected to the negative electrode of diode D68. The connection line between diode D65 and diode D68 is provided with a connection to the AC1 end of the DC winding. The positive electrode of diode D66 is connected to the negative electrode of diode D69. The connection line between diode D66 and diode D69 is provided with a connection to the AC2 end of the DC winding. The negative electrodes of diodes D65 and D66 are connected to the drain of NMOS transistor Q46, one end of capacitors C95 and C96, and one end of resistor R209. The source of NMOS transistor Q46 is connected to one end of resistor R211, the negative electrode of diode D67, and the 8th pin of chip U14. The gate of NMOS transistor Q46 is connected to the 1st pin of chip U14 via resistor R210. The 2nd pin of chip U14 is connected to one end of capacitor C97 and the other end of resistor R209. The 3rd pin is connected to one end of resistors R216 and R217. The 4th pin is connected to one end of resistors R218 and R219. The 5th pin is connected to the other end of capacitor C97, the other ends of resistors R216 and R219, the 6th and 7th pins of chip U14, the other end of resistor R211, and one end of inductor L1 via capacitor C99. The other end of resistor R217 is connected to the other end of inductor L1, one end of resistors R212, R213, and R214, the collector of the output terminal of optocoupler U15, the 14.3V power supply, one end of capacitor C98, and the 4th pin of positive terminal current amplifier chip U17. The other end of resistor R218 is connected to one end of capacitors C100 and C102, the other end of resistor R214, and the 2nd pin of voltage reference chip U16. The other end of capacitor C100 is connected to the 1st pin of voltage reference chip U16, one end of resistors R223 and R215 via resistor R220. The other end of resistor R215 is connected to the other end of resistor R2, the emitter of the output terminal of optocoupler U15. The positive electrode of the input terminal of optocoupler U15 is connected to the 3.3V power supply. The negative electrode of the input terminal of optocoupler U15 is connected to the 4th pin of operational amplifier U18 via resistor R221. The 1st pin of operational amplifier U18 is connected to one end of resistors R222, R226, and capacitor C104 via resistor R224. The other end of resistor R222 is connected to the 3.3V power supply, one end of capacitor C101, and the 5th pin of operational amplifier U18. The 3rd pin of operational amplifier U18 is connected to the 6th pin of positive terminal current amplifier chip U17 via resistor R225. The 5th pin of positive terminal current amplifier chip U17 and the other end of resistor R212 are connected to the positive input terminal of the battery, and the 3rd pin is connected to 3.The 3V power supply is connected to one end of capacitor C103. The first pin, the second pin, capacitors C95, C96, C98, C101, C102, C103, C104, the other ends of resistors R226 and R223, the second pin of operational amplifier U18, the third pin of voltage reference chip U16, and the anodes of diodes D67, D68, and D69 are all grounded.
3. The automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions according to claim 1, wherein The choke throttle stepper motor control circuit includes double diodes D25 to D28, triodes Q20 to Q23, resistor R83, resistors R97 to R100, resistors R110 to R112, resistor R116, capacitors C26 and C27. The second negative electrode of the double diode D25 is connected to the collector of the triode Q20. The base of the triode Q20 is connected to one ends of the resistor R97 and R110. The second negative electrode of the double diode D26 is connected to the collector of the triode Q21. The base of the triode Q21 is connected to one end of the resistor R98 and R116. The second negative electrode of the double diode D27 is connected to the collector of the triode Q22. The base of the triode Q22 is connected to one ends of the resistor R99 and R111. The second negative electrode of the double diode D28 is connected to the collector of the triode Q23. The base of the triode Q23 is connected to one ends of the resistor R100 and R112. The emitters of the triodes Q20, Q21, Q22, Q23 and the other ends of the resistors R110, R116, R111, R112 are grounded. The other ends of the resistors R97 to R100 are respectively connected to the MCU main control unit. The positive electrodes of the double diodes D25 to D28 are respectively connected to the 5th, 4th, 3rd and 2nd pins of the 5-wire stepper motor. The first negative electrodes of the double diodes D25 to D28 are all connected to one end of the capacitor C27 and the resistor R83. The other ends of the capacitor C27 and the resistor R83 are connected to the 12V power supply and one end of the capacitor C26. The other end of the capacitor C26 is grounded.
4. The automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The throttle stepper motor control circuit includes a motor drive chip U5, capacitors C21, diodes DW5, DW7, DW8 and DW10. The 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 7th pins of the motor drive chip U5 are respectively connected to the MCU main control unit. The 4th pin is connected to one end of the capacitor C21 and the 12V power supply. The other end of the capacitor C21 is grounded. The 16th, 13th, 12th and 9th pins of the motor drive chip U5 are respectively and correspondingly connected to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 1st pins of the 4-wire stepper motor and the negative electrodes of the diodes DW5, DW7, DW8 and DW10. The positive electrodes of the diodes DW5, DW7, DW8 and DW10 and the 15th, 14th, 11th and 10th pins of the motor drive chip U5 are all grounded.
5. The automatic voltage regulator with speed regulation and charging functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main winding voltage detection circuit includes diodes D22, D29, D32, D34, D35, resistors R67, R72 to R75, R77, R79 to R82, R84 to R86, R88 to R92, R94, R95, R143 and potentiometer W1, capacitors C31, C32, C35, C36, C37 and C46, operational amplifiers U9A, U9B and U10B. The anodes of diodes D32, D29 and D22 are respectively connected to the U, V, and W phases of the main winding of the generator. The cathodes of diodes D32, D29 and D22 are all connected to one end of resistor R82 and capacitor C35 through resistors R79, R80, R81. The cathodes of diodes D34 and D35 are respectively connected to the U and V phases of the main winding of the generator. The anodes of diodes D34 and D35 are connected to resistor R89 and the neutral line of the generator. The other end of resistor R89 is grounded together with the other end of resistor R90, R91 and capacitor C35. The other end of resistor R82 is connected to one fixed end of potentiometer W1. The other fixed end of potentiometer W1 is grounded through resistor R92. The sliding end of potentiometer W1 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U10B. The inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U10B is connected to the output terminal and one end of resistor R86. The other end of resistor R86 is connected to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U9B, capacitor C36 and one end of resistor R143. The other end of capacitor C36 and the other end of resistor R143 are both connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U9B and one end of resistor R88 through capacitor C46. The other end of resistor R88 is connected to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U9A. The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U9B is connected to one end of resistor R84. The other end of resistor R84 is connected to resistor R75, resistor R94 and one end of capacitor C37. The other ends of resistor R94 and capacitor C37 are grounded. The other end of resistor R75 is connected to resistors R73 and R67. The other end of resistor R73 is connected to the MCU main control unit. The other end of resistor R67 is connected to the VCC power supply, capacitor C31 and one end of resistor R72 and the voltage terminal of operational amplifier U9A. The other end of resistor R72 is connected to resistor R77 and one end of resistor R95. The other end of resistor R95 and one end of capacitor C31 and the ground terminal of operational amplifier U9A are grounded. The other end of resistor R77 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U9A and one end of resistor R74. The other end of resistor R74 is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U9A and one end of resistor R85. The other end of resistor R85 is connected to the gate of NMOS transistor Q17 through the regulator excitation drive circuit. The drain of NMOS transistor Q17 is connected to one end of capacitor C32 and the 400V power supply through the generator excitation winding. The other end of capacitor C32 and the source of NMOS transistor Q17 are grounded.