Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaics, and provides a photovoltaic module which can at least improve output power and reliability. The photovoltaic module comprises a main busbar, a first part, a first bypass structure and a second part. The main busbar comprises a first polarity node and a second polarity node; the first part comprises a first cell string group unit and a second cell string group unit connected in series, the first cell string group unit comprises a first cell string group and a second cell string group connected in parallel, and the second cell string group unit comprises a third cell string group and a fourth cell string group connected in parallel; the first bypass structure is located between the first cell string group unit and the second cell string group unit and is electrically connected with the main busbar, the first bypass structure comprises a first diode, the first diode comprises a first polarity end and a second polarity end, the first polarity end is electrically connected with the second polarity node, and the second polarity end is electrically connected with the first polarity node; and the second part is electrically connected with the first part through the main busbar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the photovoltaic field, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] With global energy consumption rapidly increasing and traditional fossil fuels becoming increasingly depleted, energy and environmental issues have gradually become two major global concerns. Driven by pressure to address environmental pollution and promote sustainable development, researchers have prioritized the solar photovoltaic industry in the development and utilization of renewable energy.

[0003] Photovoltaic modules are crucial devices for converting solar energy into electrical energy. However, certain design flaws in photovoltaic modules lead to power losses and reduce their output power. Utility Model Content

[0004] This disclosure provides a photovoltaic module that at least improves the output power and reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0005] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure provides a photovoltaic module, including: a main busbar extending along a first direction, the main busbar including a first polarity node and a second polarity node; a first portion, the first portion including a first battery string unit and a second battery string unit connected in series, the first battery string unit including a first battery string group and a second battery string group connected in parallel, the second battery string group unit including a third battery string group and a fourth battery string group connected in parallel, the main busbar being located between the first battery string group and the second battery string group, the main busbar also being located between the third battery string group and the fourth battery string group, the first battery string group, the second battery string group, the third battery string group and the fourth battery string group being electrically connected to the main busbar; and a first bypass structure, the first bypass structure being located between the first battery string group and the second battery string group. The first bypass structure includes a first conductor extending along a second direction and electrically connected to both ends of the first battery string unit along the second direction, and also electrically connected to both ends of the second battery string unit along the second direction. The first bypass structure also includes a first diode and a second diode located on both sides of the first conductor. The first polarity end of the first diode is electrically connected to the second polarity node, the first polarity end of the first diode is electrically connected to the first conductor, the first polarity end of the second diode is electrically connected to the first conductor, and the second polarity end of the second diode is electrically connected to the first polarity node. The second part includes a plurality of fifth battery strings, and the second part is electrically connected to the first part through the main busbar.

[0006] In some embodiments, the second part includes a third battery string unit and a fourth battery string unit connected in series. The third battery string unit includes a fifth battery string group and a sixth battery string group connected in parallel. The fourth battery string unit includes a seventh battery string group and an eighth battery string group connected in parallel. The main busbar is located between the fifth battery string group and the sixth battery string group, and also between the seventh battery string group and the eighth battery string group. The fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth battery string groups are all electrically connected to the main busbar. The photovoltaic module further includes a second bypass structure located between the third and fourth battery string units and electrically connected to the main busbar. The second bypass structure includes a third diode, which includes a first polarity pin and a second polarity pin. The first polarity pin is electrically connected to a second polarity node, and the second polarity pin is electrically connected to the first polarity node.

[0007] In some embodiments, the second bypass structure includes a second conductor extending along a second direction and electrically connected to both ends of the third battery string unit along the second direction, and also electrically connected to both ends of the fourth battery string unit along the second direction; the second diode includes a first sub-diode and a second sub-diode located on both sides of the second conductor, the first polarity pin of the first sub-diode being electrically connected to the second polarity node, the second polarity pin of the first sub-diode being electrically connected to the second conductor, the first polarity pin of the second sub-diode being electrically connected to the second conductor, and the second polarity pin of the second sub-diode being electrically connected to the first polarity node.

[0008] In some embodiments, the second bypass structure includes one of the third diodes, or multiple third diodes connected in series.

[0009] In some embodiments, the reverse breakdown voltage of the first diode is less than the reverse breakdown voltage of the third diode, and the reverse breakdown voltage of the second diode is less than the reverse breakdown voltage of the third diode.

[0010] In some embodiments, the ratio of the reverse breakdown voltage of the third diode to that of the first diode is 1.8 to 2.2, and the ratio of the reverse breakdown voltage of the third diode to that of the second diode is 1.8 to 2.2.

[0011] In some embodiments, the width of the photovoltaic module along the first direction is 1100mm to 1200mm, and the length of the photovoltaic module along the second direction is 2300mm to 2400mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first battery string group includes multiple first battery strings connected in parallel, the second battery string group includes multiple second battery strings connected in parallel, the third battery string group includes multiple third battery strings connected in parallel, and the fourth battery string group includes multiple fourth battery strings connected in parallel; the first battery string includes multiple battery cells connected in series, the second battery string includes multiple battery cells connected in series, the third battery string includes multiple battery cells connected in series, and the fourth battery string includes multiple battery cells connected in series, wherein the battery cell is N segments cut from a whole solar cell, and N is greater than or equal to 3.

[0013] In some embodiments, the number of battery cells in the first battery string is 9 to 24, the number of battery cells in the second battery string is 9 to 24, the number of battery cells in the third battery string is 9 to 24, and the number of battery cells in the fourth battery string is 9 to 24.

[0014] In some embodiments, the number of the first battery string is equal to the number of the second battery string, the number of the second battery string is equal to the number of the third battery string, and the number of the third battery string is equal to the number of the fourth battery string.

[0015] The technical solutions provided in this disclosure have at least the following advantages:

[0016] In the photovoltaic module technical solution provided in this disclosure embodiment, the first polarity terminal of the first diode is electrically connected to the second polarity node, and the first polarity terminal of the first diode is electrically connected to the first wire. The first wire is also electrically connected to both ends of the first battery string unit along the second direction, so that the first diode can be connected in parallel to the first battery string unit. When the first battery string unit is shaded or malfunctions, the voltage across the first diode connected in parallel to the first battery string unit will rise rapidly and forward conduction will occur, so that the current can bypass the shaded or malfunctioning first battery string unit, avoiding overheating and damage to the photovoltaic module. Moreover, the current can flow through other normally operating second parts and second battery string units, which can prevent the shaded or malfunctioning first battery string unit from affecting the current transmission of the entire photovoltaic module, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0017] The first polarity terminal of the second diode is electrically connected to the first wire, and the first wire is electrically connected to both ends of the second battery string unit along the second direction. This allows the second diode to be connected in parallel with the second battery string unit. When the second battery string unit is shaded or malfunctions, the voltage across the second diode connected in parallel with the second battery string unit will rise rapidly, causing forward conduction. This allows the current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning second battery string unit, preventing the photovoltaic module from overheating and being damaged. Furthermore, the current can flow through other normally functioning second parts and the first battery string unit, preventing the shaded or malfunctioning second battery string unit from affecting the current transmission of the entire photovoltaic module, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0018] In addition, when the first part is operating normally, both the first diode and the second diode are reverse biased and cut off, so that no current flows through the first conductor. This can prevent some of the power loss of the photovoltaic module from being in the first conductor, thereby improving the output power of the photovoltaic module. Attached Figure Description

[0019] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with corresponding pictures in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the pictures in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module in related technologies;

[0021] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0022] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a first part of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0023] Figure 4 A structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first wire and the first insulating membrane provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 6 A circuit diagram of the second part of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 7 A circuit diagram of a main busbar in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a second conductor and a second separator in a photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 9 This is another structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module in related technologies.

[0030] refer to Figure 1 The photovoltaic module includes a first part 10, a second part 11, a main bus bar 12, an edge bus bar 13, a bypass diode 14, and a jumper 15.

[0031] The first part 10 includes a first battery string group 101 and a second battery string group 102 connected in parallel, and the second part 11 includes a plurality of battery strings 111.

[0032] The main busbar 12 is located between the first battery string group 101 and the second battery string group 102, with the first battery string group 101 connected in parallel through the second battery string group 102. The main busbar 12 includes a positive terminal 121 and a negative terminal 122.

[0033] Two edge busbars 13 are located on opposite sides of the main busbar 12. One edge busbar 13 is electrically connected to the end of the first battery string group 101 away from the second battery string group 102, and the other edge busbar 13 is electrically connected to the end of the second battery string group 102 away from the first battery string group 101.

[0034] Jumper 15 electrically connects the two edge busbars 13 and is electrically connected to the main busbar 12.

[0035] The bypass diode 14 is electrically connected to the main busbar 12. The bypass diode 14 is located between the jumper 15 and the second part 11. The positive terminal of the bypass diode 14 is electrically connected to the negative terminal node 122, and the negative terminal of the bypass diode 14 is electrically connected to the jumper 15.

[0036] Under normal operation of the first part 10, the bypass diode 14 is reverse-biased and cut off. The first battery string group 101 and the second battery string group 102 need to be connected to the second part 11 via jumper 15 to achieve current transmission. However, jumper 15 itself has a certain resistance, which causes some power loss of the photovoltaic module to occur on jumper 15, reducing the output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0037] Therefore, this disclosure provides a photovoltaic module in which a first diode is connected in parallel with a first battery string unit. When the first battery string unit is shaded or malfunctions, the first diode conducts in the forward direction, allowing current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning first battery string unit, thus preventing the photovoltaic module from overheating and being damaged. Furthermore, the current can flow through other normally functioning second parts and second battery string units, preventing the shaded or malfunctioning first battery string unit from affecting the current transmission of the entire photovoltaic module, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0038] The second diode is connected in parallel with the second battery string unit. When the second battery string unit is shaded or malfunctions, the second diode conducts in the forward direction, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning second battery string unit, thus preventing the photovoltaic module from overheating and being damaged. The current can also flow through other normally functioning second parts and the first battery string unit, preventing the shaded or malfunctioning second battery string unit from affecting the current transmission of the entire photovoltaic module, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0039] In addition, when the first part is operating normally, both the first diode and the second diode are reverse biased and cut off, so that no current flows through the first conductor. This can prevent some of the power loss of the photovoltaic module from being in the first conductor, thereby improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary or secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0041] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this disclosure and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are enlarged for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) on or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or there may be a third component between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component on the surface of another component, or when another component is formed or disposed on the surface of a component, it indicates that there is no third component between the two components. Furthermore, when describing a component as being "generally" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0047] In the description of embodiments of this disclosure, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded unless otherwise stated, and may be further included. Furthermore, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located" on another component, it can be "directly on" the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them), or another component may be present therein. Additionally, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly located" on another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it indicates that no other components are located therein.

[0048] The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the embodiments of this disclosure to facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. However, the technical solutions claimed in this disclosure can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a first part of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] refer to Figures 2 to 4The photovoltaic module includes: a main busbar 2, extending along a first direction X, the main busbar 2 including a first polarity node 21 and a second polarity node 22; a first part 3, the first part 3 including a first battery string unit 31 and a second battery string unit 32 connected in series, the first battery string unit 31 including a first battery string group 311 and a second battery string group 312 connected in parallel, the second battery string unit 32 including a third battery string group 321 and a fourth battery string group 322 connected in parallel, the main busbar 2 being located between the first battery string group 311 and the second battery string group 312, the main busbar 2 also being located between the third battery string group 321 and the fourth battery string group 322, the first battery string group 311, the second battery string group 312, the third battery string group 321 and the fourth battery string group 322 being electrically connected to the main busbar 2; and a first bypass structure 4, the first bypass structure 4 being located in the first battery... The first bypass structure 4 includes a first conductor 41, which extends along the second direction Y and is electrically connected to both ends of the first battery string unit 31 along the second direction Y, and also electrically connected to both ends of the second battery string unit 32 along the second direction Y. The first bypass structure 4 also includes a first diode 42 and a second diode 43 located on both sides of the first conductor 41. The first polarity end of the first diode 42 is electrically connected to the second polarity node 22, the first polarity end of the first diode 42 is electrically connected to the first conductor 41, the first polarity end of the second diode 43 is electrically connected to the first conductor 41, and the second polarity end of the second diode 43 is electrically connected to the first polarity node 21. The second part 5 includes a plurality of fifth battery strings 51, and the second part 5 is electrically connected to the first part 3 through the main busbar 2.

[0051] Photovoltaic modules are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy.

[0052] The main busbar 2 extends along a first direction X. The first polarity node 21 and the second polarity node 22 of the main busbar 2 can be connected to an external circuit for outputting electrical power. In some examples, the first polarity node 21 and the second polarity node 22 can be connected to an external circuit through a junction box (not shown) to output electrical power.

[0053] The first polarity node 21 and the second polarity node 22 are the two end nodes of the main busbar 2.

[0054] One of the first polarity and the second polarity is the positive electrode (or anode), and the other of the first polarity and the second polarity is the negative electrode (or cathode).

[0055] It should be noted that the first polarity node 21, the first polarity terminal, and the first polarity pin in this disclosure all share the same polarity, as do the second polarity node 22, the second polarity terminal, and the second polarity pin. Specifically, if the first polarity node 21 is a positive node, the first polarity terminal is the positive terminal, and the first polarity pin is the positive pin, then the second polarity node 22 is a negative node, the second polarity terminal is the negative terminal, and the second polarity pin is the negative pin. Conversely, if the first polarity node 21 is a negative node, the first polarity terminal is the negative terminal, and the first polarity pin is the negative pin, then the second polarity node 22 is a positive node, the second polarity terminal is the positive terminal, and the second polarity pin is the positive pin. The figure uses the first polarity being positive as an example.

[0056] The first part 3 includes a first battery string unit 31 and a second battery string unit 32 connected in series. The first battery string unit 31 includes a first battery string 311 and a second battery string 312 connected in parallel. The first battery string 311 is connected in parallel with the second battery string 312 through the main bus bar 2.

[0057] The second battery string unit 32 includes a third battery string 321 and a fourth battery string 322 connected in parallel. The third battery string 321 and the fourth battery string 322 are connected in parallel through the main bus bar 2.

[0058] In some embodiments, the first battery string group 311 includes multiple first battery strings 3111 connected in parallel, the second battery string group 312 includes multiple second battery strings 3121 connected in parallel, the third battery string group 321 includes multiple third battery strings 3211 connected in parallel, and the fourth battery string group 322 includes multiple fourth battery strings 3221 connected in parallel. The first battery string 3111 includes multiple battery cells 33 connected in series, the second battery string 3121 includes multiple battery cells 33 connected in series, the third battery string 3211 includes multiple battery cells 33 connected in series, and the fourth battery string 3221 includes multiple battery cells 33 connected in series. Each battery cell 33 is an N-slice cut from a single solar cell, where N is greater than or equal to 3, such as 3, 4, 5, or 6. A larger N value results in a smaller area for each battery cell 33. The larger the N value in this disclosure, the smaller the area of ​​the battery cell 33, and the shorter the current transmission path on the battery cell 33. This reduces current loss on the battery cell 33, which is beneficial for improving the performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0059] In some embodiments, the number of battery cells 33 in the first battery string 3111 is 9 to 24, for example 9, 12, 15, 18, 20 or 24.

[0060] The number of battery cells 33 in the second battery string 3121 is 9 to 24, for example, 9, 12, 15, 18, 20 or 24.

[0061] The number of battery cells 33 in the third battery string 3211 is 9 to 24, for example, 9, 12, 15, 18, 20 or 24.

[0062] The number of battery cells 33 in the fourth battery string 3221 is 9 to 24. For example, 9, 12, 15, 18, 20 or 24.

[0063] In some embodiments, the number of first battery strings 3111 is equal to the number of second battery strings 3121, the number of second battery strings 3121 is equal to the number of third battery strings 3211, and the number of third battery strings 3211 is equal to the number of fourth battery strings 3221. This ensures that the output current of each battery string group in the first part 3 is as similar as possible, which is beneficial for the main busbar 22 to stably collect the current from each battery string group.

[0064] The solar cell 33 can be one or any combination of PERC (Passivated Emitter Rear Cell), IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact), TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact), heterojunction cell, thin-film solar cell, and tandem cell. Thin-film solar cells include, but are not limited to, perovskite thin-film solar cells, copper indium selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells, gallium arsenide (GaAs) thin-film solar cells, and cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin-film solar cells. Tandem cells include, but are not limited to, perovskite cells stacked with crystalline silicon cells, perovskite cells stacked with perovskite cells, and perovskite cells stacked with thin-film cells. Figures 2 to 4 Taking the TOPCON battery as an example, cell 33 is used.

[0065] Cell 33 can be a main grid cell, which shortens the current conduction path and reduces internal losses, thereby increasing the power of the photovoltaic module. Cell 33 can also be a gridless cell, in which case solder ribbon is used to replace the original main grid and is directly connected to the fine grid, which can significantly reduce silver paste consumption and thus reduce the cost of the photovoltaic module.

[0066] In some embodiments, the length of the solar cell 33 along the first direction X is less than or equal to 250 mm, such as 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 180 mm, 200 mm, 230 mm, or 250 mm. The shorter length of the solar cell 33 within the above range allows for a smaller size of the photovoltaic module along the first direction X, which is beneficial for the photovoltaic module to be compatible with most commercially available containers.

[0067] The first conductor 41 is electrically connected to the main busbar 2.

[0068] The first wire 41 is used to provide a current path to the second battery string unit 32 and the first part 3 when the first battery string unit 31 is blocked or malfunctions; it is also used to provide a current path to the first battery string unit 31 and the first part 3 when the second battery string unit 32 is blocked or malfunctions.

[0069] When the first part 3 is working normally, both the first diode 42 and the second diode 43 are reverse biased and cut off, so that no current flows through the first wire 41. This can prevent some of the power loss of the photovoltaic module from being in the first wire 41, thereby improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0070] In some embodiments, the first wire 41 is a conductive metal strip, which results in low resistance and excellent conductivity of the first wire 41.

[0071] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a first wire and a first insulating membrane provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0072] refer to Figures 2 to 5 In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a first insulating film 71 extending along a first direction X. The first insulating film 71 is located between the first conductor 41 and the first battery string unit 31, and between the first conductor 41 and the second battery string unit 32. This prevents short circuits caused by electrical connections between the first conductor 41 and the battery cells 33 of the first battery string unit 31, and also prevents short circuits caused by electrical connections between the first conductor 41 and the battery cells 33 of the second battery string unit 32.

[0073] The first insulating membrane 71 is made of insulating material.

[0074] In some embodiments, the first separator 71 is a transparent film layer. This can reduce the light-shielding effect on the first battery string unit 31 and the second battery string unit 32.

[0075] Understandably, the first isolation membrane 71 has a gap near the main busbar 2, allowing the first conductor 41 to be electrically connected to the main busbar 2 through the gap.

[0076] The first polarity terminal of the first diode 42 is electrically connected to the second polarity node 22, and the first polarity terminal of the first diode 42 is electrically connected to the first wire 41. The first wire 41 is also electrically connected to both ends of the first battery string unit 31 along the second direction Y, so that the first diode 42 can be connected in parallel to the first battery string unit 31. When the first battery string unit 31 is blocked or malfunctions, the voltage across the first diode 42 connected in parallel to the first battery string unit 31 will rise rapidly and become forward-conductive, so that the current can bypass the blocked or malfunctioning first battery string unit 31, avoiding overheating and damage to the photovoltaic module. The current can also flow through the other normally functioning second part 5 and the second battery string unit 32, which can prevent the blocked or malfunctioning first battery string unit 31 from affecting the current transmission of the entire photovoltaic module, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0077] The first polarity terminal of the second diode 43 is electrically connected to the first wire 41. The first wire 41 is also electrically connected to both ends of the second battery string unit 32 along the second direction Y, so that the second diode 43 can be connected in parallel to the second battery string unit 32. When the second battery string unit 32 is blocked or malfunctions, the voltage across the second diode 43 connected in parallel to the second battery string unit 32 will rise rapidly and become forward-conductive, so that the current can bypass the blocked or malfunctioning second battery string unit 32, avoiding overheating and damage to the photovoltaic module. The current can also flow through other normally functioning second parts 5 and the first battery string unit 31, preventing the blocked or malfunctioning second battery string unit 32 from affecting the current transmission of the entire photovoltaic module, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0078] Figure 6 A circuit diagram of a second part of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0079] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6In some embodiments, the second part 5 includes a third battery string unit 52 and a fourth battery string unit 53 connected in series. The third battery string unit 52 includes a fifth battery string group 521 and a sixth battery string group 522 connected in parallel. The fourth battery string unit 53 includes a seventh battery string group 531 and an eighth battery string group 532 connected in parallel. The main busbar 2 is located between the fifth battery string group 521 and the sixth battery string group 522. The main busbar 2 is also located between the seventh battery string group 531 and the eighth battery string group 532. 521, the sixth battery string 522, the seventh battery string 531, and the eighth battery string 532 are all electrically connected to the main busbar 2; the photovoltaic module also includes a second bypass structure 6, which is located between the third battery string unit 52 and the fourth battery string unit 53 and is electrically connected to the main busbar 2. The second bypass structure 6 includes a third diode 61, which includes a first polarity pin and a second polarity pin. The first polarity pin is electrically connected to the second polarity node 22, and the second polarity pin is electrically connected to the first polarity node 21.

[0080] The second polarity pin of the third diode 61 is electrically connected to the first polarity node 21 through the first part 3.

[0081] When Part 5 is operating normally, the third diode 61 is reverse-biased and cut off, preventing current from flowing through the second bypass structure 6. This avoids some power loss of the photovoltaic module in the second bypass structure 6, thereby improving the output power of the photovoltaic module. When Part 5 is shaded or malfunctions, the voltage across the third diode 61 connected in parallel to Part 5 rises rapidly, causing it to conduct in the forward direction. This allows current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning Part 5, preventing the photovoltaic module from overheating and being damaged due to excessive heat generated by current flowing through the shaded or malfunctioning Part 5. This improves the reliability of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, when Part 5 is shaded or malfunctioning, the conduction of the third diode 61 allows current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning Part 5, ensuring that the current in Part 3 can be normally transmitted through the main busbar 2, which also contributes to improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0082] The second part 5 includes a third battery string unit 52 and a fourth battery string unit 53 connected in series. The third battery string unit 52 includes a fifth battery string 521 and a sixth battery string 522 connected in parallel. The fifth battery string 521 is connected in parallel with the sixth battery string 522 through the main bus bar 2.

[0083] The fourth battery string unit 53 includes a seventh battery string 531 and an eighth battery string 532 connected in parallel. The seventh battery string 531 and the eighth battery string 532 are connected in parallel through the main bus bar 2.

[0084] In some embodiments, the fifth battery string group 521 includes a plurality of fifth battery strings 51 connected in parallel, the sixth battery string group 522 includes a plurality of sixth battery strings 5221 connected in parallel, the seventh battery string group 531 includes a plurality of seventh battery strings 5311 connected in parallel, and the eighth battery string group 532 includes a plurality of eighth battery strings 5321 connected in parallel.

[0085] In some embodiments, the number of fifth battery strings 51 is equal to the number of sixth battery strings 5221, the number of sixth battery strings 5221 is equal to the number of seventh battery strings 5311, and the number of seventh battery strings 5311 is equal to the number of eighth battery strings 5321.

[0086] In some embodiments, the fifth battery string 51 includes multiple battery cells 33 connected in series, the sixth battery string 5221 includes multiple battery cells 33 connected in series, the seventh battery string 5311 includes multiple battery cells 33 connected in series, and the eighth battery string 5321 includes multiple battery cells 33 connected in series. Each battery cell 33 is an N-slice cut from a single solar cell, where N is greater than or equal to, for example, 3, 4, 5, or 6. A larger N value results in a smaller area for each battery cell 33. The larger the N value in this disclosure, the smaller the area of ​​the battery cell 33, and the shorter the current transmission path on the battery cell 33. This reduces current loss on the battery cell 33, which is beneficial for improving the performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0087] In some embodiments, the number of battery cells 33 in the fifth battery string 51 is 9 to 24, for example 9, 12, 15, 18, 20 or 24.

[0088] The number of battery cells 33 in the sixth battery string 5221 is 9 to 24, for example, 9, 12, 15, 18, 20 or 24.

[0089] The number of battery cells 33 in the seventh battery string 5311 is 9 to 24, for example, 9, 12, 15, 18, 20 or 24.

[0090] The number of battery cells 33 in the eighth battery string 5321 is 9 to 24, for example, 9, 12, 15, 18, 20 or 24.

[0091] In some embodiments, the number of each battery string group can be the same. That is, the number of the first battery string group 311, the second battery string group 312, the third battery string group 321, the fourth battery string group 521, the sixth battery string group 522, the seventh battery string group 531, and the eighth battery string group 532 can be the same. In this way, the output current of each battery string group is made as similar as possible, which is beneficial for the main busbar 2 to stably collect the current of each battery string group.

[0092] In some embodiments, the number of solar cells 33 in each cell string can be the same. That is, the number of solar cells 33 in the first cell string 3111, the second cell string 3121, the third cell string 3211, the fourth cell string 31, the fifth cell string 51, the sixth cell string 5221, the seventh cell string 5311, and the eighth cell string 5321 is the same. This helps to ensure that the appearance of each cell string of the photovoltaic module is consistent, which helps to improve the aesthetics of the photovoltaic module.

[0093] In some embodiments, the battery string further includes solder strips (not identified) for electrically connecting adjacent battery cells 33 in the battery string to connect multiple battery cells 33 in series.

[0094] Figure 7 A circuit diagram of a main busbar in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0095] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some embodiments, the main busbar 2 includes a first part 23, a second part 24, and a third part 25. The first part 23 is located between the third battery string 3211 and the fourth battery string group 322, and is electrically connected to the third battery string group 321 and the fourth battery string group 322.

[0096] The second part 24 is located between the first battery string group 311 and the second battery string group 312, and also between the seventh battery string group 531 and the eighth battery string group. The second part 24 is used to electrically connect the first battery string group 311, the second battery string group 312, the seventh battery string group 531 and the eighth battery string group 532, so as to realize the electrical connection between the first part 3 and the second part 5.

[0097] The third part 25 is located between the fifth battery string 51 and the sixth battery string group 522, and is electrically connected to the fifth battery string group 521 and the sixth battery string group 522.

[0098] In some embodiments, the second bypass structure 6 includes a second wire 62 extending along the second direction Y and electrically connected to both ends of the third battery string unit 52 along the second direction Y, and also electrically connected to both ends of the fourth battery string unit 53 along the second direction Y; the second diode 43 includes a first sub-diode 611 and a second sub-diode 612 located on both sides of the second wire 62, the first polarity pin of the first sub-diode 611 being electrically connected to the second polarity node 22, the second polarity pin of the first sub-diode 611 being electrically connected to the second wire 62, the first polarity pin of the second sub-diode 612 being electrically connected to the second wire 62, and the second polarity pin of the second sub-diode 612 being electrically connected to the first polarity node 21.

[0099] The second conductor 62 is electrically connected to the main busbar 2.

[0100] The second wire 62 is used to provide a current path to the fourth battery string unit 53 and the second part 5 when the third battery string unit 52 is blocked or an abnormality occurs; it is also used to provide a current path to the third battery string unit 52 and the second part 5 when the fourth battery string unit 53 is blocked or an abnormality occurs.

[0101] In some embodiments, the second wire 62 is a conductive metal strip, which results in low resistance and excellent conductivity of the second wire 62.

[0102] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of a second conductor and a second separator in a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0103] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a second insulating film 72 extending along a first direction X. The second insulating film 72 is located between the second conductor 62 and the third battery string unit 52, and between the second conductor 62 and the fourth battery string unit 53. This prevents short circuits caused by electrical connections between the second conductor 62 and the battery cells 33 of the first battery string unit 31, and also prevents short circuits caused by electrical connections between the second conductor 62 and the battery cells 33 of the second battery string unit 32.

[0104] The material of the second insulating membrane 72 is an insulating material.

[0105] In some embodiments, the second separator 72 is a transparent film layer. This can reduce the light-shielding effect on the third battery string unit 52 and the fourth battery string unit 53.

[0106] Understandably, the first isolation membrane 71 has a gap near the main busbar 2, allowing the second conductor 62 to be electrically connected to the main busbar 2 through the gap.

[0107] The first sub-diode 611 includes a first polarity pin and a second polarity pin, and the second sub-diode 612 includes a first polarity pin and a second polarity pin.

[0108] The first polarity pin of the first sub-diode 611 is electrically connected to the second polarity node 22, and the second polarity pin of the first sub-diode 611 is electrically connected to the second wire 62. The fifth battery string group 521 and the sixth battery string group 522 are connected in parallel through the main bus bar 2, which is located between the fifth battery string group 521 and the fourth battery string 3221. The second wire 62 is electrically connected to both ends of the eighth battery string group 532 unit along the second direction Y, so that the first sub-diode 611 can be connected in parallel between the fifth battery string group 521 and the sixth battery string group 522, that is, the first sub-diode 611 can be connected in parallel on the third battery string group unit 52. When the third battery string unit 52 is shaded or malfunctions, the voltage across the first sub-diode 611 connected in parallel with the third battery string unit 52 will rise rapidly and become forward-conducting. This allows the current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning third battery string unit 52, preventing the photovoltaic module from overheating and being damaged. The current can also flow through the other normally functioning second part 5 and fourth battery string unit 53, preventing the shaded or malfunctioning third battery string unit 52 from affecting the current transmission of the entire photovoltaic module, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0109] The first polarity pin of the second sub-diode 612 is electrically connected to the second wire 62, and the second polarity pin of the second sub-diode 612 is electrically connected to the first polarity node 21. The seventh battery string group 531 and the eighth battery string group 532 are connected in parallel through the main bus bar 2. The main bus bar 2 is located between the seventh battery string group 531 and the second battery string 3121. The second wire 62 is electrically connected to both ends of the seventh battery string group 531 unit along the second direction Y, so that the second sub-diode 612 can be connected in parallel between the seventh battery string group 531 and the eighth battery string group 532, that is, the second sub-diode 612 can be connected in parallel on the fourth battery string group unit 53. When the fourth battery string unit 53 is shaded or malfunctions, the voltage across the second sub-diode 612 connected in parallel with the fourth battery string unit 53 will rise rapidly and become forward-conducting. This allows the current to bypass the shaded or malfunctioning fourth battery string unit 53, preventing the photovoltaic module from overheating and being damaged. The current can also flow through other normally functioning second part 5 and eighth battery string unit 532, preventing the shaded or malfunctioning fourth battery string unit 53 from affecting the current transmission of the entire photovoltaic module, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0110] Figure 9 This is another structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0111] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 9In some embodiments, the second bypass structure 6 includes a third diode 61, or multiple third diodes 61 connected in series. Thus, the second bypass structure 6 includes at least one third diode 61, and the third diode 61 is connected in parallel with the second part 5 to prevent the photovoltaic module from overheating and being damaged when the second part 5 is shaded or malfunctions, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module. The second bypass structure 6 is composed of diodes, which simplifies the circuit connection of the photovoltaic module and helps improve the manufacturing efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0112] In some embodiments, the reverse breakdown voltage of the first diode 42 is lower than that of the third diode 61, and the reverse breakdown voltage of the second diode 43 is lower than that of the third diode 61. Reverse breakdown voltage, also known as reverse repetitive peak voltage, refers to the highest reverse voltage value that can be repeatedly withstood at the rated junction temperature. The reverse breakdown voltage of a diode is positively correlated with its cost. Setting the reverse breakdown voltage of both the first diode 42 and the second diode 43 to a lower value helps to reduce the cost of both diodes, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules.

[0113] A first diode 42 is connected in parallel to the first battery string unit 31, and a third diode 61 is connected in parallel to the second part 5. To ensure the normal operation of the first diode 42 and the third diode 61—that is, to prevent the first diode 42 and the third diode 61 from breaking down under normal operating conditions—the reverse withstand voltage of the first diode 42 must be lower than the voltage across the first diode 42 when the first battery string unit 31 is operating normally, and the reverse withstand voltage of the third diode 61 must be lower than the voltage across the third diode 61 when the second part 5 is operating normally. Since the number of battery strings is the same, and the number of battery cells 33 in each battery string is the same, the number of battery cells 33 connected in parallel to the first diode 42 is less than the number of battery cells 33 connected in parallel to the third diode 61. This ensures that, under normal operating conditions of both the first battery string unit 31 and the second part 5, the voltage across the first diode 42 is lower than the voltage across the third diode 61. Therefore, the reverse withstand voltage of the first diode 42 can be set to be lower than the reverse withstand voltage of the third diode 61.

[0114] Similarly, the second diode 43 is connected in parallel to the second battery string unit 32, and the third diode 61 is connected in parallel to the second section 5. Since the number of battery strings is the same, and the number of battery cells 33 in each battery string is the same, the number of battery cells 33 connected in parallel to the second diode 43 is less than the number of battery cells 33 connected in parallel to the third diode 61. This ensures that, under normal operating conditions, the voltage across the second diode 43 is less than the voltage across the third diode 61 in the second battery string unit 32 and the second section 5. Therefore, the reverse withstand voltage of the first diode 42 can be set to be less than the reverse withstand voltage of the third diode 61.

[0115] In some embodiments, the ratio of the reverse breakdown voltage of the third diode 61 to the reverse breakdown voltage of the first diode 42 is 1.8 to 2.2, for example, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, or 2.2. If the ratio of the reverse breakdown voltage of the third diode 61 to the reverse breakdown voltage of the first diode 42 is too large, it will result in an excessively high reverse breakdown voltage for the third diode 61, leading to excessively high costs; or it will result in an excessively low reverse breakdown voltage for the first diode 42, making it difficult for the first diode 42 to function properly. Therefore, keeping the ratio of the reverse breakdown voltage of the third diode 61 to the reverse breakdown voltage of the first diode 42 within the above-mentioned range can prevent excessively high costs for the third diode 61 and ensure the normal operation of the first diode 42.

[0116] The ratio of the reverse breakdown voltage of the third diode 61 to that of the second diode 43 is 1.8 to 2.2, for example, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, or 2.2. If this ratio is too high, the reverse breakdown voltage of the third diode 61 will be excessively high, leading to excessively high costs for the third diode 61; conversely, the reverse breakdown voltage of the second diode 43 will be too low, making it difficult for the second diode 43 to function properly. Therefore, keeping the ratio of the reverse breakdown voltage of the third diode 61 to that of the first diode 42 within the aforementioned range avoids excessively high costs for the third diode 61 and ensures the normal operation of the second diode 43.

[0117] In some embodiments, the width of the photovoltaic module along the first direction X is 1100mm to 1200mm, for example, 1100mm, 1120mm, 1140mm, 1150mm, 1170mm, or 1200mm. The length of the photovoltaic module along the second direction Y is 2300mm to 2400mm, for example, 2300mm, 2320mm, 2340mm, 2350mm, 2370mm, or 2400mm. With the length and width of the photovoltaic module within the above ranges, it can be placed in currently applicable containers for handling and transportation, thereby improving the practicality of the photovoltaic module.

[0118] refer to Figures 2 to 4 as well as Figure 6In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes: a first busbar 81 and a second busbar 82, wherein the first busbar 81 is electrically connected to one end of the first battery string group 311 away from the second battery string group 312, and is also electrically connected to one end of the third battery string group 321 away from the fourth battery string group 322; and the second busbar 82 is electrically connected to one end of the second battery string group 312 away from the first battery string group 311, and is also electrically connected to one end of the fourth battery string group 322 away from the third battery string group 321.

[0119] The first busbar 81 is used to electrically connect the first battery string group 311 and the third battery string group 321, and the second busbar 82 is used to electrically connect the second battery string group 312 and the fourth battery string group 322.

[0120] One end of the first conductor 41 is electrically connected to the first busbar 81, and the other end of the first conductor 41 is electrically connected to the second busbar 82.

[0121] In some embodiments, the first busbar 81 is also used to electrically connect the fifth battery string group 521 and the seventh battery string group 531. The second busbar 82 is also used to electrically connect the sixth battery string group 522 and the eighth battery string group 532.

[0122] One end of the second conductor 62 is electrically connected to the first busbar 81, and the other end of the second conductor 62 is electrically connected to the second busbar 82.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this disclosure, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure; therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: A main busbar, which extends along a first direction, and includes a first polarity node and a second polarity node; The first part includes a first battery string unit and a second battery string unit connected in series. The first battery string unit includes a first battery string group and a second battery string group connected in parallel. The second battery string unit includes a third battery string group and a fourth battery string group connected in parallel. The main bus bar is located between the first battery string group and the second battery string group. The main bus bar is also located between the third battery string group and the fourth battery string group. The first battery string group, the second battery string group, the third battery string group, and the fourth battery string group are all electrically connected to the main bus bar. A first bypass structure is located between the first battery string unit and the second battery string unit and is electrically connected to the main busbar. The first bypass structure includes a first conductor extending along a second direction and electrically connected to both ends of the first battery string unit along the second direction, and also electrically connected to both ends of the second battery string unit along the second direction. The first bypass structure also includes a first diode and a second diode located on both sides of the first conductor. The first polarity end of the first diode is electrically connected to the second polarity node, the first polarity end of the first diode is electrically connected to the first conductor, the first polarity end of the second diode is electrically connected to the first conductor, and the second polarity end of the second diode is electrically connected to the first polarity node. The second part includes a plurality of fifth battery strings, and the second part is electrically connected to the first part through the main bus bar.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second part includes a third battery string unit and a fourth battery string unit connected in series. The third battery string unit includes a fifth battery string group and a sixth battery string group connected in parallel. The fourth battery string unit includes a seventh battery string group and an eighth battery string group connected in parallel. The main bus bar is located between the fifth battery string group and the sixth battery string group. The main bus bar is also located between the seventh battery string group and the eighth battery string group. The fifth battery string group, the sixth battery string group, the seventh battery string group, and the eighth battery string group are all electrically connected to the main bus bar. The photovoltaic module further includes a second bypass structure, which is located between the third battery string unit and the fourth battery string unit and is electrically connected to the main busbar. The second bypass structure includes a third diode, which includes a first polarity pin and a second polarity pin. The first polarity pin is electrically connected to the second polarity node, and the second polarity pin is electrically connected to the first polarity node.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second bypass structure includes a second conductor extending along a second direction and electrically connected to both ends of the third battery string unit along the second direction. It is also electrically connected to both ends of the fourth battery string unit along the second direction; The second diode includes a first sub-diode and a second sub-diode located on both sides of the second conductor. The first polarity pin of the first sub-diode is electrically connected to the second polarity node, the second polarity pin of the first sub-diode is electrically connected to the second conductor, the first polarity pin of the second sub-diode is electrically connected to the second conductor, and the second polarity pin of the second sub-diode is electrically connected to the first polarity node.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second bypass structure includes one of the third diodes, or multiple third diodes connected in series.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The reverse breakdown voltage of the first diode is less than that of the third diode, and the reverse breakdown voltage of the second diode is less than that of the third diode.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reverse breakdown voltage ratio of the third diode to the first diode is 1.8 to 2.2, and the reverse breakdown voltage ratio of the third diode to the second diode is also 1.8 to 2.

2.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module has a width of 1100mm to 1200mm along the first direction and a length of 2300mm to 2400mm along the second direction.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first battery string group includes multiple first battery strings connected in parallel, the second battery string group includes multiple second battery strings connected in parallel, the third battery string group includes multiple third battery strings connected in parallel, and the fourth battery string group includes multiple fourth battery strings connected in parallel; the first battery string includes multiple battery cells connected in series, the second battery string includes multiple battery cells connected in series, the third battery string includes multiple battery cells connected in series, and the fourth battery string includes multiple battery cells connected in series, wherein the battery cell is N segments cut from a whole solar cell, and N is greater than or equal to 3.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The number of battery cells in the first battery string is 9 to 24, the number of battery cells in the second battery string is 9 to 24, the number of battery cells in the third battery string is 9 to 24, and the number of battery cells in the fourth battery string is 9 to 24.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The number of the first battery string is equal to the number of the second battery string, the number of the second battery string is equal to the number of the third battery string, and the number of the third battery string is equal to the number of the fourth battery string.

Images