Removable and replaceable crushing shell, top shell for gyratory or cone crusher and gyratory or cone crusher

Abstract

This disclosure provides a removable and replaceable crushing shell, a top shell for a gyratory or cone crusher, and a gyratory or cone crusher. The crushing shell includes: a plurality of concave portions configured to be arranged in at least one row and supported along the inner wall of the top shell, each concave portion including a wear-resistant surface and a rear surface, connected to each other by straight sidewalls; a wedge-shaped concave portion positioned between two adjacent concave portions, including a wear-resistant surface and a rear surface separated by the thickness of the wedge-shaped concave portion, the width of the wear-resistant surface being greater than the width of the rear surface, the wear-resistant surface being connected to the rear surface by inclined sidewalls located on a first side and a second side of the wedge-shaped concave portion; a pair of wedges, a first wedge positioned between a straight sidewall of the first concave portion and an inclined sidewall of the wedge-shaped concave portion, a second wedge positioned between a straight sidewall of the second concave portion and another inclined sidewall of the wedge-shaped concave portion, the total height of the wedges being slightly less than or equal to the height of the concave portion or the wedge-shaped concave portion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to a replaceable crushing shell comprising a series of recesses for use in the top shell of a gyratory or cone crusher. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a recess retention system that allows for the removal of recessed sections without thermal damage. Background Technology

[0002] Gyratory crushers and cone crushers are two types of rock crushing systems that typically crush rocks, stones, or other materials in a crushing gap between a stationary element and a moving element. A gyratory or cone crusher consists of a head assembly that includes a crushing head that rotates about a vertical axis within a fixed bowl attached to the main frame of the rock crusher. The crushing head is assembled around an eccentric member that rotates about an axis to apply gyratory motion to the crushing head. As material travels through the crushing gap between the crushing head and the bowl, the crushing head crushes the rocks, stones, or other materials. The crushed material exits the crusher through the bottom of the crushing gap.

[0003] Eccentric components can be driven by a variety of power drive devices (such as an attachment gear driven by a pinion and a countershaft assembly) and multiple mechanical power sources (such as an electric motor or an internal combustion engine).

[0004] Although gyratory crushers and cone crushers operate on the same principle, the upper end of the longer shaft or spindle of a gyratory crusher is typically supported by a spider-like support, while the shorter shaft of a cone crusher is not suspended but supported in a support beneath the gyratory head or cone. Gyratory crushers are typically used as primary crushers, i.e., heavy-duty machines designed to handle large-sized materials. Secondary and tertiary crushers are used to handle relatively small feed materials. Cone crushers are typically used as downstream crushers.

[0005] Gyratory and cone crushers utilize wear-resistant components to protect the machine from damage and perform the actual crushing of materials. These two types of wear-resistant components are the mantle and the crushing shell, which is formed by a set of adjacent liner sections (typically concave liner sections). The mantle is fixed to the main shaft, while the concave liner sections (or simply "concave sections") are fixed to the frame of the crusher's top shell. These concave sections are arranged in multiple rows, stacked vertically.

[0006] Depending on the characteristics of the material being crushed and the specific service level of the machine, wear parts can be made of chilled cast iron or steel alloys (such as manganese steel). Manganese steel combines extremely high strength with high wear resistance, therefore it has been developed as a general choice for crushing hard rock regardless of the service level or type of crusher. A commonly used material is 12%-14% manganese steel, also known as Hadfield steel. Different alloys have been used for the upper, middle, and lower liner sections of the crushing chamber.

[0007] Typically, both the casing and the concave section wear and deform due to the enormous pressure and impact loads transmitted by them. Backing compounds (such as epoxy resin backing) are usually used to structurally reinforce the concave section and facilitate contact between the radially outward-facing surfaces of the concave section and the radially inward-facing surfaces of the top shell or frame. In fact, the crushing force must be transmitted from the crusher structural components protected by the concave section to the concave section; therefore, close contact is required between the rear of the concave section and the surfaces of the top shell or frame.

[0008] The aforementioned wear-resistant parts are replaced periodically, i.e., at intervals of 12, 18, or 24 months. For the housing, replacement is a relatively quick process, typically done by replacing a spare spindle assembly. In contrast, replacing the concave section liners is more complex. Typically, one unit per row, the so-called "keystone" or "keysegment," is removed first to release any circumferential stress stored in the concave section of the corresponding row. This is usually accomplished by using a thermal spray gun to cut a valley in the concave section, thus allowing it to be chiseled away with a crusher or other similar hammer system. Once the "keystone" concave section is removed, the remaining concave sections in the row are removed one by one circumferentially, i.e., the crusher (i.e., a hydraulic or pneumatic hammer) is driven behind the concave section at the top leading edge to break the epoxy backing between the concave section and the crusher's support frame, and the concave sections are removed one by one.

[0009] In large primary gyratory crushers, there are several rows of concave sections that need to be replaced, for example, four layers (rows), with 20 sections per layer. Existing methods for removing and replacing the concave section liners (also known as the "re-metal" process) are very time-consuming, typically taking several days to complete. This equates to downtime for mine operators and lost production. As mentioned above, gyratory crushers are frequently used in the first stage of screening in the mineral processing industry, so any associated downtime has serious consequences for downstream processing, impacting the overall plant's production efficiency.

[0010] Removing concave sections requires high-temperature operations, such as blowtorches or thermal lances, and the operation of large rock crushers. Furthermore, workers must be specially trained to operate within the crusher's top casing area. The use of high-temperature operations and the workers' positions within the crusher place them at risk; therefore, a system and method that eliminates the need for high-temperature operations is required. Utility Model Content

[0011] This disclosure relates to a replaceable crushing shell comprising a series of recesses for use in the top shell of a gyratory or cone crusher. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a recess retention system that allows for the removal of recessed sections without thermal damage.

[0012] According to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, a top shell for a gyratory or cone crusher is provided, the top shell including a frame having a circular top end and a circular bottom end connected to each other by an inner wall defining a crushing chamber of the crusher. The inner diameter of the inner wall gradually decreases from the top end to the bottom end of the frame to guide the material to be crushed into the gradually decreasing size of the crushing chamber.

[0013] Multiple concave portions are arranged in at least one row along the inner wall of the frame. Each concave portion is positioned adjacent to another concave portion to define the row of concave portions. Each concave portion includes a wear-resistant surface that faces the crushing chamber when the concave portion is installed. The wear-resistant surface comes into contact with the material to be crushed during operation and is therefore subjected to wear during the operation of the crusher. The concave portion also includes a rear surface that is positioned to contact and is attached to the inner wall of the frame.

[0014] The width of the wear-resistant surface of the concave portion is substantially the same as the width of the rear surface, such that the wear-resistant surface and the rear surface are connected by a pair of straight sidewalls at the separated first and second sides of the concave portion. When the concave portions are positioned adjacent to each other, the straight sidewalls are in contact with each other along the entire height of the concave portion.

[0015] When a row of concave portions is formed, a receiving gap is formed between two concave portions. The receiving gap has the same dimension as the width of the concave portion to provide an opening to accommodate a specially designed and unique wedge-shaped concave portion. The wedge-shaped concave portion of this disclosure is constructed separately from the other concave portions and has a different construction to allow for easier removal of the wedge-shaped concave portion from a row of concave portions, thereby enhancing the removal and replacement of the entire broken shell formed by the concave portions.

[0016] The wedge-shaped concave portion disclosed herein includes a wear-resistant surface facing the crushing chamber and a rear surface contacting the inner wall of the frame. Unlike other concave portions, the length of the wear-resistant surface of the wedge-shaped concave portion is greater than the width of the rear surface, such that the wear-resistant surface and the rear surface are connected to each other by a pair of angled sidewalls at the first and second sides of the wedge-shaped concave portion. The angled sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion thus converge in the radially outward direction of the top shell. When the wedge-shaped concave portion is positioned within a receiving gap between spaced-out concave portions, a pair of entry gaps are formed between the straight sidewalls of the concave portions and the angled sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portions. The size of the entry gaps increases in the radially outward direction.

[0017] The fracture shell also includes a pair of wedges, each wedge positioned in an access gap between a wedge-shaped concave portion and a concave portion that contacts the wedge-shaped concave portion. In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, each wedge includes a body having straight sidewalls and inclined sidewalls. The straight sidewall of the wedge contacts the straight sidewall of the concave portion, and the inclined sidewall contacts the inclined sidewall of the wedge-shaped concave portion.

[0018] In one proposed embodiment, the wedge-shaped recess is secured to the frame of the top shell using at least one connector (e.g., a bolt). The connector extends through a connector opening formed in the frame and is received in the rear surface of the wedge-shaped recess. The interaction between the connector and the wedge-shaped recess holds the wedge-shaped recess in place on the frame. When the wedge-shaped recess needs to be removed, the connector can be removed from outside the frame of the top shell.

[0019] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the crushing shell can be provided as a retrofit component of an existing gyratory or cone crusher. The crushing shell includes a plurality of concave portions, a wedge-shaped concave portion, and a pair of wedge-shaped elements. Using the crushing shell of this disclosure allows for removal of the crushing shell without the need for a thermal torch or other heating elements.

[0020] This disclosure also provides a method for mounting a crushing shell on the inner wall of a frame of the top shell of a gyratory or cone crusher. First, a plurality of concave portions are mounted in at least one row along the inner wall of the top shell, with the rear surface of each concave portion contacting the inner wall and the wear-resistant surface of the concave portion facing the crushing chamber of the crusher. Each concave portion includes straight sidewalls at both a first and a second end, such that the straight sidewalls of adjacent concave portions contact each other.

[0021] During the formation of a row of concave portions, a receiving gap is formed between two concave portions. The dimensions of the receiving gap are adapted to accommodate a specially designed wedge-shaped concave portion, which differs from the other concave portions. The wedge-shaped concave portion is installed in the receiving gap such that the inclined sidewalls on the first and second sides of the wedge-shaped concave portion contact the straight sidewalls defining the receiving gap between the two spaced concave portions.

[0022] Once the wedge-shaped recess is installed, a pair of wedge-shaped members are inserted between the wedge-shaped recess and one of the two recesses forming the receiving gap. The wedge-shaped members contact the wedge-shaped recess and the two recesses to generate a retaining force in the circumferential direction of the top shell frame. The wedge-shaped recess can be attached to the frame via one or more connectors extending through connector openings formed in the frame. Each connector is received in the rear surface of the wedge-shaped recess.

[0023] Once the concave portion of the broken shell is worn down, the wedge-shaped concave portion can be removed without a blowtorch due to the inclined sidewalls formed on it. First, one or more connectors are removed to separate the wedge-shaped concave portion from the frame. After removing the connectors, a removal tool is used to push the wedge-shaped concave portion away from the frame. In one proposed embodiment, the removal tool is a release cylinder attached to the outer surface of the frame. The release cylinder extends through the frame and applies a radially inward thrust to push the rear surface of the wedge-shaped concave portion away from the frame.

[0024] This disclosure provides a removable and replaceable crushing shell for use in the top shell of a gyratory or cone crusher, the crushing shell comprising: a plurality of concave portions configured to be arranged in at least one row and supported along the inner wall of the top shell, each concave portion including a wear-resistant surface and a rear surface, the wear-resistant surface and the rear surface being connected to each other by straight sidewalls located on a first side and a second side of the concave portion; at least one wedge-shaped concave portion configured to be positioned between two adjacent concave portions in at least one row, the wedge-shaped concave portion including a thickness separating the concave portion. The wear-resistant surface and the rear surface, wherein the width of the wear-resistant surface is greater than the width of the rear surface, and the wear-resistant surface is connected to the rear surface by a pair of inclined sidewalls located on a first side and a second side of the wedge-shaped concave portion; and a pair of wedges, wherein a first wedge is configured to be positioned between a straight sidewall of the first concave portion and one of the inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion, and a second wedge is configured to be positioned between a straight sidewall of the second concave portion and another inclined sidewall of the wedge-shaped concave portion, wherein the total height of the wedges is slightly less than or equal to the height of the concave portion or the wedge-shaped concave portion.

[0025] Furthermore, the width of the wear-resistant surface and the width of the rear surface of each of the plurality of concave portions are approximately the same, such that the straight sidewall of each of the plurality of concave portions extends in the radially outward direction of the top shell.

[0026] Furthermore, the inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion converge in the radially outward direction of the top shell.

[0027] Furthermore, the fracture shell also includes at least one connector configured to extend from the outside of the frame of the top shell through a connector opening in the frame and be received in the rear surface of the wedge-shaped recess to retain the wedge-shaped recess on the frame.

[0028] Furthermore, each wedge-shaped member includes a body having straight sidewalls and inclined sidewalls, wherein the straight sidewalls are configured to contact the straight sidewalls of the first concave portion and the second concave portion, and the inclined sidewalls are configured to contact the inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion.

[0029] This disclosure provides a top shell for a gyratory or cone crusher, the top shell comprising: a frame, the inner wall of the frame defining a crushing chamber; a plurality of concave portions arranged in at least one row and supported along the inner wall of the top shell, each concave portion including a wear-resistant surface facing the crushing chamber and a rear surface contacting the inner wall, wherein the wear-resistant surface and the rear surface are connected to each other by straight sidewalls located on a first side and a second side of the concave portion; at least one wedge-shaped concave portion positioned between two adjacent concave portions, the wedge-shaped concave portion including a wear-resistant surface facing the crushing chamber and a rear surface contacting the inner wall. The contact rear surface, wherein the width of the wear-resistant surface is greater than the width of the rear surface, and the wear-resistant surface is connected to the rear surface by a pair of inclined sidewalls located on a first side and a second side of the wedge-shaped concave portion; and at least a pair of wedges, wherein a first wedge is configured to be positioned between a straight sidewall of the first concave portion and one of the inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion, and a second wedge is configured to be positioned between a straight sidewall of the second concave portion and another inclined sidewall of the wedge-shaped concave portion, wherein the total height of the wedges is slightly less than or equal to the height of the concave portion or the wedge-shaped concave portion.

[0030] Furthermore, the width of the wear-resistant surface of each of the plurality of concave portions is approximately the same as the width of the rear surface, such that the straight sidewall of each of the plurality of concave portions extends radially outward along the top shell.

[0031] Furthermore, the inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion converge in the radially outward direction of the top shell.

[0032] Furthermore, the top shell also includes at least one connector that extends from the outside of the frame through a connector opening in the frame of the top shell and is received in the rear surface of the wedge-shaped recess to hold the wedge-shaped recess on the frame.

[0033] Furthermore, each wedge includes a body having a straight sidewall and an inclined sidewall, wherein the straight sidewall is configured to contact the straight sidewall of the concave portion, and the inclined sidewall is configured to contact the inclined sidewall of the wedge-shaped concave portion.

[0034] Furthermore, an entry gap is positioned between the straight sidewall of the concave portion and the inclined sidewall of the wedge-shaped concave portion, wherein each of the pair of wedges is accommodated within one of the entry gaps.

[0035] Furthermore, at least one bolt can be inserted from the outside of the frame to selectively secure and release the wedge-shaped recess.

[0036] Furthermore, the top shell also includes a hole formed in the frame of the top shell, the hole being aligned with the wedge-shaped concave portion, wherein the size of the hole is adapted to accommodate a removal tool.

[0037] Furthermore, the removal tool is a hydraulic cylinder.

[0038] This disclosure also provides a gyratory or cone crusher, including the aforementioned top shell.

[0039] This disclosure provides a method for mounting a crushing shell on the inner wall of the frame of the top shell of a gyratory or cone crusher, the method comprising the steps of: arranging a plurality of concave portions in at least one row along the inner wall of the top shell, with rear surfaces contacting the inner wall and wear-resistant surfaces facing the crushing chamber, wherein the straight sidewalls of adjacent concave portions contact each other; forming a receiving gap between two concave portions in the circumferential direction of the top shell; inserting a wedge-shaped concave portion into the receiving gap such that a portion of the inclined sidewall on each of the first and second sides of the wedge-shaped concave portion contacts the straight sidewalls of the two concave portions separated by the receiving gap; and inserting a wedge-shaped member between the wedge-shaped concave portion and each of the two concave portions separated by the receiving gap to generate a retaining force between the plurality of concave portions in the circumferential direction, wherein the total height of the wedge-shaped member is slightly less than or equal to the height of the concave portion or the wedge-shaped concave portion.

[0040] Furthermore, the method further includes the step of connecting the wedge-shaped recess to the frame by inserting at least one connector from the outside of the frame into a connector opening in the frame through the top shell, wherein the connector is received in the rear surface of the wedge-shaped recess to retain the wedge-shaped recess on the frame.

[0041] Furthermore, each of the plurality of concave portions includes a pair of straight sidewalls, and the wedge-shaped concave portion includes a pair of inclined sidewalls, wherein an entry gap is positioned between the straight sidewalls of the concave portion and the inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion, and each of the wedge-shaped members is accommodated within one of the entry gaps.

[0042] Furthermore, the method further includes the following steps: removing the at least one connector; positioning a release cylinder along the frame; and operating the release cylinder to apply a release force to the rear surface of the wedge-shaped concave portion.

[0043] Furthermore, the wedge-shaped member is inserted into the entry gap from above or below the row of concave portions.

[0044] Various other features, objects and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The accompanying drawings illustrate the currently envisioned best mode for implementing this disclosure. In the drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a crusher according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a crusher as an exemplary embodiment;

[0048] Figure 3 It is a top-view perspective view of the top shell with a row of concave sections installed;

[0049] Figure 4 The image is a top perspective view of the fractured shell according to the present disclosure, which includes a row of concave portions, wedge-shaped concave portions, and a plurality of wedge-shaped elements;

[0050] Figure 5 It is along Figure 4 Enlarged view of line 5-5;

[0051] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A top view of a row of concave sections shown;

[0052] Figure 7 It is along Figure 6 Enlarged view of line 7-7;

[0053] Figure 8 It is a rear-view perspective view of two concave portions, a wedge-shaped concave portion, and two wedge-shaped elements; and

[0054] Figure 9 This is a partial cross-sectional view showing a release cylinder mounted on a frame for removing the wedge-shaped concave portion. Detailed Implementation

[0055] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A gyratory crusher 10 is shown, which incorporates the crushing shell and concave section holding and removal system of this disclosure. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The views are included to provide a general illustration of the basic operating principle of the gyratory cone crusher and should not be construed as implying any limitation of this disclosure. The gyratory crusher 10 includes a vertically extending main shaft 12 extending through a main frame 14. The longitudinal axis of the main shaft 12 coincides with the central axis of the main frame 14. The main shaft 12 is suspended within a star-shaped frame 16. The crusher includes an eccentric assembly that rotatably supports the bottom 20 of the main shaft 12. The eccentric assembly is driven by a drive shaft 22, which applies rotational and oscillating movement to the main shaft 12 via a gear assembly 25.

[0056] The main shaft 12 includes a housing 24, which is mounted to the crushing head 26. The housing 24 is designed as a removable, wear-resistant component that can be removed from the crushing head 26 of the main shaft 12 after wear. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The main frame 14 includes a top shell 28 and a lower top shell 30, which are stacked one on top of the other and connected by a pair of overlapping flanges, referred to as the upper flange 32 and the lower flange 34. In this way, the entire main frame 14 can be formed from the individual top shell 28 and lower top shell 30 that can be assembled on site, which increases the capacity for transporting gyratory crushers for on-site assembly.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the upper top shell 28 includes a frame 36. The frame 36 extends from the top end 38 to the bottom end 40. The frame 36 includes an inner wall 42, the diameter of which decreases from the top end 38 to the bottom end 40, to guide material downwards and inwards within the frame 36. The lower top shell 30 also includes a top end 41 and a bottom end 43 connected by an inner wall 45, the diameter of which also decreases from the top end 41 to the bottom end 43. The decreasing diameter of the inner wall 45 guides material downwards and inwards to reduce the size of the crushing gap, thereby reducing the size of the material being crushed.

[0058] In the illustrated embodiment, frame 36 supports outer crushing shell 44 (also commonly referred to as a bowl), which is mounted to the inner wall 42 of frame 36. A crushing gap 46 is formed between outer crushing shell 44 and a cover supported on crushing head 26 of main shaft 12. The size of the crushing gap decreases in the downward vertical direction. When crusher 10 is operated, due to the gyratory movement of crushing head (during which the cover moves closer to outer crushing shell 44 along the generatrix of rotation and away from crushing shell along the opposite generatrix in the diametrical direction), the material to be crushed is introduced into crushing gap 46 and crushed between cover and outer crushing shell 44.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiments, the lower top shell 30 may further include an outer crushing shell to protect the inner wall 45 from abrasion during operation of the rotary crusher. This outer crushing shell is similar to the outer crushing shell 44 and is supported along the inner wall 45. Throughout the remainder of the following disclosure, it should be understood that the outer crushing shell may be installed in the upper top shell 28, the lower top shell 40, or both. The term "top shell" refers to either of the two top shells combined to form the main frame 14.

[0060] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the outer fracture shell 44 included in the upper top shell 28 is formed by a series of individual liner sections facing the center of the outer fracture shell. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The liner sections shown are arranged in at least one layer or row along the truncated conical inner wall 42. In this disclosure, replaceable liner sections are provided in the form of concave liner sections, also referred to as concave sections, taking into account their concave shape matching the concave shape of the inner wall of the frame 36. Therefore, the terms "concave section," "liner," and "wear-resistant section" are used interchangeably to refer to liner sections. In this disclosure, the term "concave section" will be used to refer to each liner section, as indicated by reference numeral 48.

[0061] During operation of the crusher, an epoxy resin backing (not specifically shown) is infused into the gap between the outer surface of the recess 48 and the facing inner circumferential surface defined by the inner wall 42. The epoxy resin backing is provided in a known manner to structurally reinforce the recess 48 and to facilitate contact between the radially outward surface of the recess 48 and the radially inward surface of the inner wall 42. The epoxy resin backing material fills the void between the recess 48 and the inner wall 42 to provide a robust assembly. The use of epoxy resin between the recess 48 and the inner wall 42 increases the difficulty of removing the recess 48 after wear.

[0062] from Figure 3As can be seen, the concave portions 48 are arranged adjacent to each other in a layer or row along the inner circumference of the frame 36 of the upper top shell 28. During the use of the gyratory crusher 10, when the concave portions 48 wear out and need to be replaced, one of the concave portions 48 must be removed to release any circumferential stress stored in the concave portions 48 of the corresponding row. Conventional crushers typically require gouging out one of the concave portions 48 to allow the removal of the remaining concave portions 48. Traditionally, one of the concave portions is removed by thermal cutting, which is a difficult and dangerous task for workers. According to this disclosure, one of the concave portions in this row is specifically designed so that it can be removed more easily without thermal cutting to release the circumferential stress on the remaining concave portions 48, thereby allowing for easier removal of these remaining concave portions 48.

[0063] Figure 4 An outer fracturing shell 44 constructed according to this disclosure is shown. As previously described, the outer fracturing shell 44 is mounted within the upper top shell and is kept in contact with the inner wall of the upper top shell frame via an epoxy resin backing layer. Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the outer break-out shell 44 is shown as being removed from the upper top shell 28, and is shown separately for ease of understanding.

[0064] The outer crushing shell 44 is formed by a plurality of concave portions 48 positioned adjacent to each other to define a single row of concave portions 48. Each concave portion 48 has the same construction and has a circumferential width extending between a first side 50 and a second side 52. The height of each concave portion 48 is defined by a top end 54 and a bottom end 56. Although the crushing shell 44 is shown as having only a single row of concave portions 48, it should be understood that, depending on the size of the crusher, multiple rows of concave portions 48 may be used to form the crushing shell 44.

[0065] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a receiving gap 58 is formed between the first side 50 of the first (left) concave portion 48 and the second side 52 of the second (right) concave portion 48. The size of the receiving gap 58 is the same as the width of one of the concave portions 48 between the first and second sides 50, 52. According to this disclosure, a specially designed wedge-shaped concave portion 60 is inserted into the receiving gap 58, replacing one of the typical types of concave portions 48. The width of the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 is defined between the first side 62 and the second side 64.

[0066] The outer fracture shell 44 of this disclosure also includes a pair of wedge-shaped members 66, which are mounted between the wedge-shaped recess 60 and a pair of recesses 48 spaced apart from each other to define a receiving gap 58. The wedge-shaped members 66 are inserted between the wedge-shaped recess 60 and the pair of spaced recesses 48 to generate a circumferential holding force among the plurality of mounted recesses 48.

[0067] As in Figure 5 and Figure 7 As best understood, the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 includes an inwardly facing, wear-resistant surface 68 and an outwardly facing rear surface 70, which define the thickness of the wedge-shaped concave portion 60. The rear surface 70 includes a pair of receiving bosses 72 projecting from the rear surface 70. Each receiving boss 72 includes an internally threaded opening sized to receive a connector (e.g., but not limited to, a connecting bolt 74). Although a connecting bolt 74 is shown in the exemplary embodiment, the connector may be a threaded stud, a double-ended screw with a nut, a bolt with a chamfered disc, or a bolt with a wedge-shaped element, as long as the connector serves to pull the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 back. In the illustrated embodiment, each connecting bolt 74 includes a head 76 and a threaded shaft 78.

[0068] When the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 is mounted on the frame 36, as Figure 9 As shown, the connecting bolts 74 extend through the connecting opening 80 formed in the frame 36, such that the threaded shaft 78 is received within the internal thread receiving boss 72. In this way, a pair of connecting bolts 74 helps to hold the wedge-shaped recess 60 in place along the inner wall 42 of the frame 36.

[0069] Figure 8 An exploded enlarged view of the components used to complete the outer crushing shell 44 of this disclosure is shown. As previously described, a pair of concave portions 48 are spaced apart from each other to define a receiving gap 58 between the side edges of the spaced concave portions 48. Each concave portion 48 includes an outwardly facing wear-resistant surface 82 and an inwardly facing rear surface 84. The wear-resistant surface 82 is designed to face the crushing gap and contact the material to be crushed. The rear surface 84 is designed to contact and adhere to the inner wall of the frame of the upper top shell. The thickness of the concave portion 48 is therefore defined as the thickness of the material between the wear-resistant surface 82 and the rear surface 84.

[0070] like Figure 8 As shown, at the spaced-apart sides 50 and 52 of the concave portion 48, the straight sidewall 86 connects the wear-resistant surface 82 to the rear surface 84. Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the sidewall 86 is a straight sidewall that generally extends along the radius of the upper top shell. The straight sidewall 86 is identical on the first side 50 and the second side 52 of each concave portion 48. Therefore, at any intersection between two concave portions except at the location of the wedge-shaped concave portion 60, the flat straight sidewalls 86 of adjacent concave portions 48 contact each other and along the entire height of the concave portion 48. Apart from the wedge-shaped concave portion 60, each of the plurality of concave portions 48 has the same construction, such that the first side 50 and the second side 52 of each concave portion 48 can contact and engage with each other to form a shape. Figure 4 The row of concave portions 48 of the outer fracture shell 44 shown disperses the circumferential stress.

[0071] Return to reference Figure 8 The wedge-shaped concave portion 60 also includes a wear-resistant surface 68 and a rear surface 70, which are spaced apart from each other to define the thickness of the wedge-shaped concave portion 60. The wear-resistant surface 68 and the rear surface 70 are connected by inclined sidewalls 88 at a first side 62 and a second side 64 of the wedge-shaped concave portion 60. Figure 8 As can be understood, the length of the wear-resistant surface 68 between the first side 62 and the second side 64 is greater than the width of the rear surface 70 between the same first side 62 and the second side 64. Therefore, each inclined sidewall 88 converges towards each other in a radially outward direction, starting from the interior of the opening in the upper top shell. Unlike the straight sidewall 86 formed on the concave portion 48, the inclined sidewall 88 formed on the wedge-shaped concave portion creates an entry gap 90 between the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 and the adjacent concave portion 48, as... Figure 7 As best shown in the figure, the size of the inlet gap 90 increases from the wear-resistant surface 68 to the rear surface 70. The size of the inlet gap 90 increases as it extends radially outward. Therefore, if a radially inward force is applied to the rear surface 70, the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 can move radially inward toward the upper top shell.

[0072] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the outer fracturing shell of this disclosure also includes a pair of wedges 92, each wedge designed to be received within an access gap 90. Each wedge 92 extends from an upper end 94 to a lower end 96. The total height of each wedge 92 is slightly less than the height of the concave portion 48 and the wedge-shaped concave portion 60. However, the height of each wedge 92 may differ from the height shown and may reach the same total height as the concave portion 48 and the wedge-shaped concave portion 60. It is desirable that the wedges 92 do not extend beyond the top or bottom end of the concave portion 48 or the wedge-shaped concave portion 60.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, each wedge 92 includes a straight sidewall 98 and an inclined sidewall 100, both extending over the entire length of the wedge 92. Figure 7 As shown in the top view, the straight sidewall 98 of the wedge 92 contacts and interacts with the straight sidewall 86 of the concave portion 48, while the inclined sidewall 100 of the wedge 92 has approximately the same angle as the inclined sidewall 88 of the wedge-shaped concave portion 60. The construction of the straight sidewall 98 and the inclined sidewall 100 of each wedge 92 creates a large number of surface contacts between the wedge 92 and both the concave portion 48 and the wedge-shaped concave portion 60. Each wedge 92 is an identical component, and the orientation of the wedge 92 is reversed so that the wedge 92 can be used on both sides of the wedge-shaped concave portion 60, as shown.

[0074] As previously stated, the outer fracture shell 44 is designed to be mounted to the inner wall 42 of the frame 36 of the upper top shell 28, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As best shown. During the installation of the outer fracture shell 44, multiple concave portions are first installed in at least one row along the inner wall 42 of the frame 36. During this installation process, as... Figure 5 As shown, a receiving gap 58 is formed between the two concave portions 48. Figure 5 The accommodating gap 58 shown is the gap left between the two concave portions 48 in the circumferential direction of the upper top shell. For example... Figure 9 As shown, each concave portion 48 is typically supported on the inner wall 42, and an epoxy resin material is used to fill the open space 102 between the rear surface 70 and a portion of the inner wall 42. The epoxy resin contained within the open space 102 helps to hold the individual concave portions in place.

[0075] Once the concave portion 48 is installed and the receiving gap 58 is formed, the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 is as follows: Figure 4 and 5 It is positioned as shown. As previously described, the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 includes a pair of receiving bosses 72, each receiving boss including an internally threaded opening. Figure 9 As shown, the pair of connecting bolts 74 extend from the outer region of the frame 36 through the frame 36. In this way, the pair of connecting bolts 74 first hold the wedge-shaped recess 60 in the proper position within the receiving gap 58. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As can be understood from the top view, when the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 is installed in the receiving gap, the first side 62 of the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 engages with the first side 50 of the left concave portion 48, while the second side 64 engages with the second side 52 of the right concave portion 48.

[0076] Once the wedge-shaped recess 60 is positioned, the pair of wedges 92 are each installed within a receiving gap 90 formed between the straight sidewall 86 of one of the recesses 48 and the inclined sidewall 88 of the wedge-shaped recess 60. Each wedge 92 is inserted from above the assembled outer crushing shell. The dimensions of each wedge 92 are selected such that it generates a retaining force in the circumferential direction during installation. The shape of each wedge 92 is designed to prevent any radial outward movement of the wedge-shaped recess 60 during use of the gyratory crusher utilizing the outer crushing shell 44.

[0077] Once each wedge 92 is installed, a layer of epoxy resin can be applied to the entire wear-resistant surface defined by the wear-resistant surface 68 of the wedge-shaped recess and the wear-resistant surface 82 of each recess 48. The epoxy resin fills the gaps between adjacent recesses 48 and wedge-shaped recesses 60.

[0078] The removable and replaceable outer crushing shell 44 disclosed herein is designed to be replaced after significant wear occurs during the use of the gyratory crusher. The removal and replacement of the outer crushing shell 44, including multiple individual concave portions 48, will now be described.

[0079] like Figure 7 As shown, the converging inclined sidewalls 88 of the wedge-shaped recess 60 allow removal of the wedge-shaped recess 60 in a direction toward the interior of the frame towards the upper top shell. Each wedge 92 is positioned and configured to prevent outward movement of the wedge-shaped recess 60, but does not prevent removal of the wedge-shaped recess 60 in a radially inward direction.

[0080] First, remove each of the connecting bolts 74 to disengage the internal connection between the wedge-shaped recess 60 and the frame 36. Once the connecting bolts 74 are removed, the wedge-shaped recess 60 can be pushed radially inward. (Return to Reference) Figure 9 A removal tool can be inserted through the frame 36 to assist in removing the wedge-shaped recess 60. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the removal tool is a release cylinder 104, which can be mounted to the outer surface of the frame 36. The release cylinder 104 is a hydraulically actuated cylinder that includes a piston rod extending from the cylinder body to apply an outward force to the rear surface 70 of the wedge-shaped recess 60. Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, the release cylinder 104 is aligned with the cylinder bore 106. The cylinder bore 106 is typically positioned near the tip 108 of the wedge-shaped recess 60. The force applied by the release cylinder 104 pushes the tip 108 inward and away from the frame 36. The thrust generated by the release cylinder 104 removes the wedge-shaped recess 60 and releases all circumferential stress in the layers of aligned recesses 48.

[0081] After the circumferential stress is removed, each individual concave portion 48 can be removed without any thermal cutting equipment. Although the release cylinder 104 is shown as an exemplary embodiment of the removal tool, it should be understood that different types of removal tools can be used to apply an inwardly pointing release force to the rear surface 70 of the wedge-shaped concave portion 60 to release the wedge-shaped concave portion from the frame 36.

[0082] In the illustrated embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 The illustrated top shell 28 includes a single row of concave portions 48. However, it should be understood that in other gyratory crusher designs, multiple rows of concave portions 48 may be used, with each row of concave portions 48 including one wedge-shaped concave portion 60. In such an embodiment, removal of multiple rows of concave portions will begin from the uppermost row of concave portions in the crusher.

[0083] This written description uses examples to disclose the present invention, including the best mode, and also enables any person skilled in the art to make and use the present invention. The patent scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, but may include other examples that would occur to a person skilled in the art. Such other examples should also fall within the scope of the claims if their structural elements are not different from the wording of the claims, or if such other examples include equivalent structural elements that are not substantially different from the wording of the claims.

Claims

1. A removable and replaceable crushing shell for use in the top shell of a gyratory or cone crusher, characterized in that, The fractured shell includes: A plurality of concave portions are configured to be arranged in at least one row and supported along the inner wall of the top shell, each concave portion including a wear-resistant surface and a rear surface, the wear-resistant surface and the rear surface being connected to each other by straight sidewalls located on a first side and a second side of the concave portion; At least one wedge-shaped concave portion, the wedge-shaped concave portion being configured to be positioned between two adjacent concave portions in at least one row, the wedge-shaped concave portion including a wear-resistant surface and a rear surface separated by the thickness of the wedge-shaped concave portion, wherein the width of the wear-resistant surface is greater than the width of the rear surface, and the wear-resistant surface is connected to the rear surface by a pair of inclined sidewalls located at a first side and a second side of the wedge-shaped concave portion; and A pair of wedges, wherein a first wedge is configured to be positioned between a straight sidewall of a first concave portion and one of the inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion, and a second wedge is configured to be positioned between a straight sidewall of a second concave portion and another inclined sidewall of the wedge-shaped concave portion, wherein the total height of the wedges is slightly less than or equal to the height of the concave portion or the wedge-shaped concave portion.

2. The broken shell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the wear-resistant surface and the width of the rear surface of each of the plurality of concave portions are approximately the same, such that the straight sidewall of each of the plurality of concave portions extends in the radially outward direction of the top shell.

3. The fractured shell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion converge in the radially outward direction of the top shell.

4. The fractured shell according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one connector configured to extend from the outside of the frame of the top shell through a connector opening in the frame and to be received in the rear surface of the wedge-shaped recess to hold the wedge-shaped recess on the frame.

5. The broken shell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each wedge includes a body having straight sidewalls and inclined sidewalls, wherein the straight sidewalls are configured to contact the straight sidewalls of the first concave portion and the second concave portion, and the inclined sidewalls are configured to contact the inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion.

6. A top shell for a gyratory or cone crusher, characterized in that, The top shell includes: A frame, the inner wall of which defines a crushing chamber; Multiple concave portions are arranged in at least one row and supported along the inner wall of the top shell. Each concave portion includes a wear-resistant surface facing the crushing chamber and a rear surface in contact with the inner wall, wherein the wear-resistant surface and the rear surface are connected to each other by straight sidewalls located on a first side and a second side of the concave portion. At least one wedge-shaped concave portion is positioned between two adjacent concave portions, the wedge-shaped concave portion including a wear-resistant surface facing the crushing chamber and a rear surface contacting the inner wall, wherein the width of the wear-resistant surface is greater than the width of the rear surface, and the wear-resistant surface is connected to the rear surface by a pair of inclined sidewalls located on a first side and a second side of the wedge-shaped concave portion; and At least one pair of wedges, wherein a first wedge is configured to be positioned between a straight sidewall of a first concave portion and one of the inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion, and a second wedge is configured to be positioned between a straight sidewall of a second concave portion and another inclined sidewall of the wedge-shaped concave portion, wherein the total height of the wedges is slightly less than or equal to the height of the concave portion or the wedge-shaped concave portion.

7. The top shell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The width of the wear-resistant surface of each of the plurality of concave portions is approximately the same as the width of the rear surface, such that the straight sidewall of each of the plurality of concave portions extends radially outward along the top shell.

8. The top shell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion converge in the radially outward direction of the top shell.

9. The top shell according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes at least one connector that extends from the outside of the frame through a connector opening in the frame of the top shell and is received in the rear surface of the wedge-shaped recess to hold the wedge-shaped recess on the frame.

10. The top shell according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each wedge includes a body having straight sidewalls and inclined sidewalls, wherein the straight sidewalls are configured to contact the straight sidewalls of the concave portion, and the inclined sidewalls are configured to contact the inclined sidewalls of the wedge-shaped concave portion.

11. The top shell according to claim 6, characterized in that, An entry gap is positioned between the straight sidewall of the concave portion and the inclined sidewall of the wedge-shaped concave portion, wherein each of the pair of wedges is accommodated within one of the entry gaps.

12. The top shell according to claim 9, characterized in that, At least one bolt can be inserted from the outside of the frame to selectively secure and release the wedge-shaped recess.

13. The top shell according to claim 9, further comprising a hole formed in the frame of the top shell, the hole being aligned with the wedge-shaped concave portion, characterized in that, The size of the hole is suitable for accommodating the removal tool.

14. The top shell according to claim 13, characterized in that, The removal tool is a hydraulic cylinder.

15. A gyratory or cone crusher, characterized in that, Includes the top shell as described in claim 6.

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