A recycling system for various waste batteries

Abstract

The utility model discloses a recycling various waste batteries recycling equipment system, its characterized in that, including conveying device, disassembling device, shredding device, drying device, air guide device, sorting device and flotation device, conveying device includes conveyer, and the battery box and battery cover of battery are set up to split out battery cover mechanism for conveying machine, and the collection mouth of disassembling device is poured into after electrolyte collection in battery box material, and disassembling device includes disassembling machine, and the below of disassembling machine sets up brine pool, and brine pool sets up meshing conveying mechanism and conveys material to shredding device, and shredding device includes shredder, and the below outlet of shredder sets up fire lye pool, and fire lye pool iron class heavy metal class plastic class material is conveyed to sorting device through meshing conveying mechanism, and the black powder class material of deposition is sent to dehydration equipment dehydration through pipeline screw conveying mechanism, and then, using pipeline screw conveying mechanism, the material is sent into drying device. The utility model can make all resources of waste batteries, and process safety, reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of waste battery treatment, and specifically relates to a recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry and the widespread application of electric vehicles, electric bicycles, and new energy power generation systems such as wind and photovoltaics, the demand for energy storage batteries has increased dramatically. Currently, commonly used energy storage batteries mainly include lead-acid batteries, liquid lithium-ion batteries, semi-solid batteries, and solid-state batteries. In recent years, electrochemical experts have made significant improvements to new energy batteries. Traditional lead-acid batteries have largely been phased out of the market, and now the most common replacement for lead-acid batteries is liquid lithium-ion batteries. Semi-solid batteries are relatively rare, and solid-state batteries are also not widely available. Due to limitations in battery cycle life and performance degradation, a large number of retired or scrapped batteries are generated every year.

[0003] Waste batteries typically contain various heavy metals and organic electrolytes. Improper disposal can generate harmful substances or toxic gases, posing serious threats to the environment and human health. Furthermore, waste batteries still contain a large amount of recyclable metals, such as nickel, cobalt, and lithium. Failure to effectively recycle these materials will result in resource waste. Existing waste battery treatment methods have the following shortcomings: 1. Limited processing technology: Some methods are only suitable for a specific type of battery, lacking a comprehensive treatment system applicable to multiple battery types; 2. Insufficient safety: During dismantling and processing, if the internal chemical reaction characteristics of the battery are not effectively controlled, it can easily lead to the leakage of harmful gases or the risk of combustion and explosion; 3. Low resource recovery rate: Traditional processing technologies mostly focus on the recovery of some metals, failing to achieve efficient recovery of multiple valuable components; 4. Heavy environmental burden: Some treatment methods generate new secondary pollution, such as inadequate treatment of waste liquid and residue, making it difficult to meet green environmental protection requirements. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive system that can safely, efficiently, and environmentally treat different types of waste batteries, so as to fully recover and reuse the valuable components of waste batteries, reduce the risk of environmental pollution, and improve resource utilization. Utility Model Content

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is to provide a recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries, including a conveying device, a dismantling device, a shredding device, a drying device, an exhaust device, a sorting device, and a flotation device. The conveying device includes a conveyor with a cover-opening mechanism for disassembling the battery box and battery cover. After the electrolyte in the battery box is collected, the material is poured into the collection port of the dismantling device. The battery box and battery cover are collected into a bin respectively. The dismantling device includes a dismantling machine with a brine tank below it. A mesh conveying mechanism in the brine tank transports the material to the shredding device. The shredding device includes a shredder with a caustic soda water tank at its lower outlet. The caustic soda water tank contains iron, heavy metals, and plastics. The material is conveyed to the sorting device through a mesh conveyor. The precipitated black powder material is sent to the dewatering equipment through a pipe screw conveyor and then sent to the drying device through a pipe screw conveyor. The drying device is a rotary kiln, which includes an inner drying cylinder and an outer oxidation decomposition kiln. The outer oxidation decomposition kiln is equipped with a flame-throwing device. The induced draft device includes a closed cover on the dismantling machine and shredder. An induced draft pipe is connected to the closed cover and connected to the first gas tank. An exhaust pipe is set on the first gas tank and connected to the inside of the outer oxidation decomposition kiln. A terminal induced draft device is installed at the discharge port of the inner drying cylinder. The terminal induced draft device introduces the material into the second gas tank. The outlet of the inner drying cylinder discharges the material into the flotation device.

[0006] Furthermore, the mesh conveying mechanism includes a mesh conveyor belt, with mesh collection structures on both sides of one end of the mesh conveyor belt extending into the brine pool or caustic soda pool. A sedimentation tank is provided at the bottom of the brine pool, and a water pipe is installed in the sedimentation tank to connect to a water pump that leads to the top of the dismantling machine for spraying. A water pipe is installed in the caustic soda pool to connect to a water pump that leads to the top of the shredder for spraying.

[0007] Furthermore, the uncovering mechanism includes mounting brackets fixedly installed on both sides of the conveyor running direction. A flat cutting mechanism is installed between the upper ends of the mounting brackets. The cutting mechanism includes a saw body with saw wheels arranged on the left and right sides inside the saw body. Steel band saws are installed on the saw wheels on both sides. The saw wheels are driven to rotate by a transmission mechanism connected to a motor. The two ends of the cutting mechanism are movably mounted on the mounting brackets. A height adjustment mechanism is provided on the mounting brackets to adjust the height of the cutting mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the conveyor is a tracked chain conveyor. A battery fixing mechanism is provided on one side of the upper chain plate. This mechanism includes several locking blocks arranged in a line along the running direction to fix and connect the chain plates. A left vertical rod and a right vertical rod are respectively provided on the outermost locking blocks on both sides. One end of the fastening belt is fixedly connected to the right vertical rod. A through hole is provided on the left vertical rod, and a locking mechanism is provided on the outer side of the left vertical rod. The locking mechanism includes a first fixed vertical rod, with a movable rod at its upper end. The middle section of the movable rod is rotatably connected to the first fixed vertical rod. A locking rod is provided at the front end of the movable rod facing the center of the conveyor belt, and the front section of the movable rod is away from the center of the conveyor belt. A control rod is provided, and the other end of the fastening belt passes through the through hole of the left vertical rod. The fastening belt, passing through the through hole, has clasps spaced apart on its body. The fastening belt is reinforced with a battery box, and the clasps are inserted into the locking rod for fixation. A release mechanism is provided at the rear of the conveyor, located above a bracket on the same side of the conveyor as the locking mechanism. This mechanism includes a second fixed vertical rod, with a connecting rod at the upper end of the second fixed vertical rod facing the center of the conveyor belt. One end of the connecting rod connects to the second fixed vertical rod, and the other end connects to the body of the pressure rod. The pressure rod slopes downwards from left to right. When the locking mechanism approaches, the control rod rests against the lower left side of the pressure rod. During forward movement, the control rod is pressed down, causing the locking rod to disengage from the clasps.

[0009] Furthermore, the dismantling machine includes a dismantling machine housing, inside which are installed a slanted blade crushing roller and a blade-type bottom rubbing plate. The slanted blade crushing roller is connected to a motor via a transmission belt. The blade-type bottom rubbing plate is located below the slanted blade crushing roller, with one side hinged to the inner wall of the dismantling machine housing and the other side serving as a discharge port. A hydraulic cylinder is installed below the blade-type bottom rubbing plate to adjust the distance between it and the slanted blade crushing roller.

[0010] Furthermore, the shredder includes an upper feeding hopper, below which are arranged an upper first pair of shredding rollers, a middle second pair of shredding rollers, and a lower vibrating receiving filter screen. The vibrating receiving filter screen screens black powder materials into a caustic soda water pool, and the outlet is conveyed to a sorting device through a mesh conveying mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, the sorting device includes a magnetic separation mechanism and an air separation mechanism. A magnetic separation mechanism is installed above the end of the mesh conveyor belt in the caustic soda pool to separate ferrous materials, and an air separation mechanism is installed below to separate metallic materials and plastic materials respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the air separation mechanism includes an air separation chamber. A partition baffle is installed in the lower middle part of the air separation chamber, which divides the air separation chamber into two chambers, left and right. The lower part of each chamber has an outlet and a door. A horizontal baffle is installed at the upper part of the partition baffle facing the left chamber. A guide plate extending diagonally to the right is installed on the upper left side of the left chamber. A fan is installed on the left side of the left chamber. The fan's air outlet blows air towards the horizontal baffle below the guide plate. A sealing cover is installed on the air separation chamber. The sealing cover is connected to an air duct at the position of the right chamber. The air duct is connected to the interior of the outer oxidation decomposition kiln.

[0013] Furthermore, an exhaust pipe is installed on the outer oxidation decomposition kiln, and the outlet of the exhaust pipe is connected to the feed inlet of the inner drying cylinder. An air induced draft pipe is installed on the feed inlet side of the inner drying cylinder, and the air is introduced into the outer oxidation decomposition kiln by an induced draft fan. The temperature of the inner drying cylinder is controlled at 400~450 degrees Celsius, and the temperature of the outer oxidation decomposition kiln is controlled at around 650 to 700 degrees Celsius.

[0014] Furthermore, the conveying device is equipped with an electrolyte collection chamber, and the collected electrolyte is stored in an electrolyte storage tank. The electrolyte is pumped from the electrolyte storage tank to the cement raw meal section, where it is directly mixed into the pre-mixed cement raw meal according to the proportion, and water is added for dilution. The diluted mixture is used as supplementary water for cement raw meal preparation. After the flotation device selects out metallic materials, the remaining black powder material is sent to the cement clinker production section, where it is used as a raw material for cement clinker production according to the test results. The second gas tank is introduced into the cement kiln through a gas pipe.

[0015] This utility model provides a recycling and reuse equipment system for various types of waste batteries, which can uniformly process different types of waste batteries and has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. The system is designed with processing techniques based on the different battery structures and chemical composition characteristics, enabling it to adapt to and safely dispose of various types of waste batteries. It has strong compatibility and avoids the problem that existing processing equipment can only handle a single battery type.

[0016] 2. During the battery disassembly, crushing and subsequent processing, a harmful gas collection and purification device is installed, combined with temperature and reaction control measures, to effectively prevent the leakage of flammable, explosive and toxic substances, ensuring high safety and protecting the operating environment and personnel safety.

[0017] 3. By using a multi-stage separation process to classify and recycle metals, active materials and electrolytes from waste batteries, the recovery rate of valuable metals is improved. At the same time, the electrolytes and black powder that cannot be processed are utilized, resulting in full resource recovery and efficient reuse of resources.

[0018] 4. The system design is equipped with waste liquid and waste gas treatment units to avoid secondary pollution and reduce adverse environmental impacts. It meets the requirements of national energy conservation, emission reduction and green development. By improving the recycling rate of metal materials and reducing waste emissions, it not only reduces the cost of waste battery treatment, but also realizes the economic value of renewable resources, and has good prospects for promotion and application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cover-opening mechanism of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery fixing mechanism and locking mechanism of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the unfastening mechanism of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the disassembly machine of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the shredding device of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mesh conveying mechanism of this utility model; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air separation mechanism of this utility model; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotary kiln of this utility model.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Conveying device; 11. Conveyor; 12. Cover-opening mechanism; 121. Support; 122. Cutting mechanism; 1221. Saw body; 1222. Steel band saw; 13. Battery fixing mechanism; 131. Clamping block; 132. Left vertical rod; 133. Right vertical rod; 134. Fastening belt; 135. Snap ring; 14. Locking mechanism; 141. First fixed vertical rod; 142. Movable rod; 143. Connecting rod; 144. Control... 15. Rod; 151. Unfastening mechanism; 152. Second fixed vertical rod; 153. Connecting rod; 154. Pressure rod; 155. Battery box collection compartment; 16. Electrolyte collection compartment; 17. Electrolyte storage tank; 18. Electrolyte storage tank; 2. Dismantling device; 21. Dismantling machine; 211. Dismantling machine housing; 212. Inclined blade crushing roller; 213. Blade-type bottom rubbing plate; 214. Hydraulic cylinder; 22. Brine tank; 23. Sedimentation tank; 3. Shredding device; 31. Shredder; 3 11. Feed hopper; 312. First pair of shredding rollers; 313. Second pair of shredding rollers; 314. Vibrating receiving filter screen; 32. Caustic soda water tank; 4. Strain-mesh conveyor mechanism; 41. Strain-mesh conveyor belt; 42. Mesh collection mechanism; 43. Feed equalizer; 5. Sorting device; 51. Magnetic separator; 52. Air separator; 521. Air separator bin; 522. Isolation baffle; 523. Transverse baffle; 524. Guide plate; 525. 6. Fan; 7. Pipeline screw conveyor mechanism; 8. Dewatering equipment; 9. Drying device; 10. Rotary furnace; 11. Inner drying cylinder; 12. Outer oxidation decomposition kiln; 13. Flame-blasting equipment; 14. Exhaust pipe; 15. Air induced pipe; 16. Draft fan; 17. Sealing cover; 18. Draft pipe; 19. First gas tank; 10. Gas outlet pipe; 10. Terminal draft fan; 11. Second gas tank; 12. Flotation device. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this utility model, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provides a more detailed account of a recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, a recycling system for various waste batteries includes a conveying device 1, a dismantling device 2, a shredding device 3, a drying device 8, an exhaust fan 9, a sorting device 5, and a flotation device 102. The conveying device 1 includes a conveyor 11 with a cap-opening mechanism 12 for separating the battery case and battery cover. Electrolyte collected in the battery case is poured into the collection port of the dismantling device 2, and the battery case and battery cover are collected into separate bins. The dismantling device 2 includes a dismantling machine 21 with a brine tank 22 below it and a sedimentation tank 23 at the bottom. The shredding device 3 includes a shredder 31 with a caustic soda water tank 32 at its outlet. Both the brine tank 22 and the caustic soda water tank 32 are equipped with a mesh conveying mechanism 4. Figure 7As shown, the mesh conveying mechanism 4 includes a mesh conveyor belt 41 with one end extending into the brine tank 22 and the caustic soda tank 32. Mesh collection structures 42 are set on both sides of the mesh conveyor belt 41. A water pipe is set in the sedimentation tank 23 to connect to a water pump and lead to the top of the dismantling machine 21 for spraying. The end of the mesh conveyor belt 41 in the brine tank 22 conveys materials to the inlet of the shredding device 3 through a feed equalizer 43. The mesh conveyor belt 41 in the caustic soda tank 32 conveys metal and plastic materials to the sorting device 5. A pipe spiral conveying mechanism 6 is set at the bottom of the caustic soda tank 32 to convey black powder materials to the dewatering equipment 7. The pipe spiral conveying mechanism 6 in the dewatering equipment 7 conveys the materials to the drying device 8.

[0023] To handle various types and models of waste batteries, two sets of conveying devices 1 and dismantling devices 2 are set up. One set dismantles pure liquid batteries, and the other set dismantles semi-solid and solid batteries. Conveying device 1 includes a conveyor 11, which is a tracked chain conveyor. Both liquid and solid-liquid hybrid lithium batteries contain harmful electrolytes. Both conveyors 11 are equipped with the same cover-opening mechanism 12, battery fixing mechanism 13, locking mechanism 14, and unlocking mechanism 15. The conveyor 11 has two inclined sections between the cover-opening mechanism 12 and the unlocking mechanism 15. An electrolyte collection chamber 17 is set below the first inclined section, which is connected to an electrolyte storage tank 18. The dismantling device 2 is set below the second inclined section. The two conveying devices 1 collect the electrolyte together and manage it in a closed manner. It is used as an auxiliary material for cement raw materials. The heavy metal lead in lead-acid batteries is collected in an alkaline water pool for purification and reuse. Solid and semi-solid batteries have different internal structures. After collecting the electrolyte in semi-solid batteries, they are treated in the same way as solid batteries.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the cover-opening mechanism 12 includes mounting brackets 121 fixedly installed on both sides of the conveyor 11 in the running direction. A flat cutting mechanism 122 is installed between the upper ends of the mounting brackets 121. The two ends of the cutting mechanism 122 are movably mounted on the mounting brackets 121. A height adjustment mechanism is provided on the mounting brackets 121 to adjust the height of the cutting mechanism 122. Specifically, it can be adjusted electrically or manually by setting conventional mechanical structures such as worm gears or racks at the mounting brackets 121, which will not be described in detail here.

[0025] The cutting mechanism 122 includes a saw body 1221, with saw wheels arranged on the left and right sides inside the saw body 1221. A steel band saw 1222 is installed on the saw wheels on both sides. The saw wheels are driven to rotate by a transmission mechanism connected to a motor. The cutting mechanism 122 is equipped with a sensor to automatically change the frequency according to the resistance.

[0026] like Figure 3As shown, a battery fixing mechanism 13 is provided on one side of the upper chain plate of the conveyor 11. The battery fixing mechanism 13 includes several locking blocks 131 arranged in a straight line along the running direction to fix and connect the chain plate. A left vertical rod 132 and a right vertical rod 133 are respectively provided on the outermost locking blocks 131 on both sides. One end of the fastening belt 134 is fixedly connected to the right vertical rod 133. The left vertical rod 132 is provided with a through hole. A locking mechanism 14 is provided on the outer side of the left vertical rod 132. The locking mechanism 14 includes a first fixed vertical rod 141. A movable rod 142 is provided at the upper end. The middle part of the movable rod 142 is rotatably connected to the first fixed vertical rod 141. A snap-fit ​​rod 143 is provided at the front end of the movable rod 142 facing the center of the conveyor belt. A control rod 144 is provided at the front part of the movable rod 142 away from the center of the conveyor belt. The other end of the fastening belt 134 passes through the through hole of the left vertical rod 132. The fastening belt 134 passing through the through hole is provided with snap rings 135 at intervals. The fastening belt 134 is reinforced with a battery box. The snap rings 135 are inserted into the snap-fit ​​rod 143 for fixation.

[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, a buckling mechanism 15 is provided at the rear of the conveyor 11. The buckling mechanism 15 is located on the support on the same side of the conveyor 11 and the locking mechanism 14. It includes a second fixed vertical rod 151. A connecting rod 152 is provided at the upper end of the second fixed vertical rod 151 facing the center of the conveyor belt. One end of the connecting rod 152 is connected to the second fixed vertical rod 151, and the other end is connected to the body of the pressure rod 153. The pressure rod 153 is inclined downward from left to right. When the locking mechanism 14 approaches, the control rod 144 is attached to the lower left side of the pressure rod 153. During the forward movement, the control rod 144 is pressed down, causing the locking rod 143 to disengage from the locking ring 135.

[0028] like Figure 5 As shown, the dismantling machine 21 includes a dismantling machine housing 211. Inside the dismantling machine housing 211, there is a slanted blade crushing roller 212 and a blade-type bottom rubbing plate 213. The slanted blade crushing roller 212 is connected to a motor via a transmission belt. The blade-type bottom rubbing plate 213 is located below the slanted blade crushing roller 212. One side of the blade-type bottom rubbing plate is hinged to the inner wall of the dismantling machine housing 211, and the other side is the discharge port. A hydraulic cylinder 214 is located below the blade-type bottom rubbing plate 213 to adjust the distance between it and the slanted blade crushing roller 212.

[0029] like Figure 6 As shown, the shredder 31 includes an upper feeding hopper 311, and below the feeding hopper 311 are arranged sequentially an upper first pair of shredding rollers 312, a middle second pair of shredding rollers 313, and a lower vibrating receiving filter screen 314. A water pipe connected to a water pump is installed in the caustic soda water tank 32 to spray water above the feeding hopper 311.

[0030] like Figure 8As shown, the sorting device 5 includes a magnetic separator 51 and an air separator 52. The magnetic separator 51 is installed above the end of the mesh conveyor belt 41 in the caustic soda water tank 32, and the air separator 52 is installed below it. The air separator 52 includes an air separator chamber 521. An isolation baffle 522 is installed in the lower middle part of the air separator chamber 521, which divides the air separator chamber into two chambers, left and right. The lower part of the chamber has an outlet and a door. A transverse baffle 523 is installed at the upper end of the isolation baffle 522 facing the left chamber. A vibration mechanism is installed on the transverse baffle 523 to maintain vibration. A guide plate 524 extending diagonally to the right is installed on the upper left side of the left chamber. A fan 525 is installed on the left side of the left chamber. The air outlet of the fan 525 blows air towards the transverse baffle 523 below the guide plate 524.

[0031] like Figure 9 As shown, the drying device 8 is a rotary kiln 81, which includes an inner drying cylinder 811 and an outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812. The outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812 is equipped with a flame-spraying device 813, in which a gas-fired nozzle heats the outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812. The induced draft device 9 includes a sealing cover 91 on the dismantling machine 21 and the shredder 31. An induced draft pipe 92 is connected to the sealing cover 91, and the induced draft pipe 92 is connected to a first gas tank 93. An exhaust pipe 94 is provided on the first gas tank 93 and connected to the inside of the outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812. In addition, a sealing cover 91 is provided on the air separation chamber 521, and the sealing cover 91 is connected to the induced draft pipe 92 at the position of the right chamber. The induced draft pipe 92 is connected to the inside of the outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812. An exhaust pipe 814 is installed on the outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812. The outlet of the exhaust pipe 814 is connected to the feed inlet of the inner drying cylinder 811. An air induced draft pipe 815 is installed on the feed inlet side of the inner drying cylinder 811, which introduces harmful gases and water vapor into the outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812 via an induced draft fan. This guides the harmful gases and water vapor to the high-temperature zone inside the outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812. The water vapor is converted into oxygen-rich gas, which accelerates the oxidation and decomposition of harmful gases in the high-temperature zone. After the harmful gases are oxidized and decomposed in the high-temperature zone of approximately 700 degrees Celsius in the outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812, the remaining high-temperature hot gas outlet is connected to the feed inlet of the inner drying cylinder 811 to add heat energy to the drying process. The gas generated during drying is then guided to the high-temperature zone, and the gas generated in the upper and lower layers circulates. A terminal induced draft device 10 is installed at the discharge port of the inner drying cylinder 811. The terminal induced draft device 10 introduces the material into the second gas tank 101. The outlet of the inner drying cylinder 811 discharges the material into the flotation device 102. Solid-state and semi-solid-state batteries contain special and complex materials. After disassembly and shredding, the positive and negative electrodes mainly contain various lithiums such as ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate, which are collected, processed, and reused through flotation. Other materials, such as graphite black powder, are sent to the cement raw material proportioning center, where they are tested and processed into cement raw materials according to the proportions.

[0032] The process flow of this equipment system is as follows: When various waste batteries are collected and unloaded from the warehouse, they are placed in their respective locations according to their model and size for closed management. The conveyor device 1 classifies and processes waste batteries of different models. The warehouse exit is connected to the inlet of the conveyor 11 in a closed manner. At the inlet of the conveyor device 1, the waste batteries are manually placed into the battery fixing mechanism 13 and fixed by the locking mechanism 14. The subsequent operation of the conveyor device 1 is completed automatically. The waste batteries are transported to the cover-opening mechanism 12 to remove the battery cover and collect them.

[0033] After the battery box and battery cover are separated, when the battery box is conveyed to the inlet of the dismantling device 2, the chain plate of the conveyor 11 automatically tilts to 60 degrees, causing the material inside the battery box to fall into the collection port of the dismantling device 2. When the battery box is conveyed to the unfastening mechanism 15, the unfastening mechanism 15 loosens the empty battery box and causes it to fall into the battery box collection bin 16. In order to completely recycle the battery box, the cover-opening mechanism 12 must ensure accurate separation of the battery cover and operate according to the original size of the battery box to achieve the purpose of recycling and reuse of renewable resources.

[0034] After the materials inside the battery box fall into the dismantling device 2, the device can adjust the dismantling machine 21 according to the adhesion, internal stability, and size of the battery. The dismantling device 2 is a closed dismantling system with a brine tank 22 and a sedimentation tank 23 installed at the bottom, and a brine circulation pump connected to it. The internal structure of the battery has a complex chemical composition of heavy metal elements. The brine tank contains 35% brine, which has strong penetrating power and plays a role in preventing fire in the dismantling system. At the same time, the salt composition improves the chemical composition inside the battery. The brine tank 22 is equipped with a mesh collection structure 42 and a mesh conveyor belt 41, with a closed connection between the outlet and the inlet of the shredding device 3. The mesh conveyor belt 41 transports the dismantled battery to the inlet of the shredding device 3. During the transport process, the brine carried by the conveyor belt is returned to the brine tank 22. The sedimentation tank 23 contains small pieces of material that have settled during the dismantling process, which are also transported to the shredding device 3 in the same way as the dismantled battery.

[0035] Shredder 3 transports various battery materials from dismantling to the shredder 31, which shreds the waste batteries into granular powder according to disposal requirements. During the shredding process, some chemical components may release harmful gases, which are collected by a controlled ventilation system 9. Harmful gases are released within the enclosed space of shredder 3. The ventilation system 9 is installed in the enclosed area where harmful gases may be generated, directing all harmful gases into the matching first gas tank 93. Then, the ventilation system uses air pressure to draw the harmful gases from the first gas tank 93 to the high-temperature zone of the rotary kiln 81. In the high-temperature zone, the harmful gases are oxidized and decomposed at a temperature of 650 to 700 degrees Celsius for approximately 10 seconds. A caustic soda pool 32 is installed at the bottom of shredder 31. The amount of caustic soda used is 25% of the water. Although caustic soda is highly corrosive, it has a selective inhibitory effect on heavy metals and certain chemical components in waste batteries. The caustic soda pool 32 is equipped with a mesh collection structure 42, a mesh conveyor belt 41, and a pipe spiral conveyor mechanism 6. Iron, heavy metal, and plastic materials in the shredded battery materials are collected from the mesh collection structure 42 in the caustic soda pool 32 and conveyed to the sorting device 5 by the mesh conveyor belt 41.

[0036] In the sorting device 5, the magnetic separation mechanism 51 separates iron, and the air separation separates heavy metals and plastics into their respective bins. The black powder precipitated in the caustic soda water tank 32 is sent to the dewatering equipment 7 for dewatering via the pipe screw conveyor mechanism 6. After dewatering, the black powder material contains about 15% wet black powder material, which is then conveyed to the rotary kiln 81 for drying via the pipe screw conveyor mechanism 6. The rotary kiln 81 has an inclination of 6 to 7 degrees and is equipped with a discharge device. The rotary kiln 81 is 6.5 meters long from the inlet to the outlet, and it takes about six minutes for the material to go from the inlet to the outlet.

[0037] The rotary kiln 81 is a double-layer design. The inner drying cylinder 811 is equipped with a temperature controller to maintain a temperature of 400-450 degrees Celsius. The outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812 is fully enclosed and equipped with a flame-spraying device 813 to control the temperature at around 650-700 degrees Celsius. All controlled and collected harmful gases are pressurized and sent to the outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812 by the induced draft device 9. The harmful gases are oxidized at a high temperature of 650-700 degrees Celsius. Due to the high temperature of the outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812, under the action of the high-pressure conveying of harmful gases, an oxygen-rich environment can be generated in the high-temperature zone. The water vapor and harmful gases generated in the inner drying cylinder 811 are introduced into the high-temperature combustion chamber, where the water vapor is converted into oxygen-rich gas to aid combustion. To control some of the high-temperature harmless gases generated during the operation of the rotary kiln 81, an end-of-line exhaust fan 10 is installed at the outlet of the inner drying cylinder 811 where the dried black powder material is discharged. The end-of-line exhaust fan 10 is connected to a second gas tank 101, which can be introduced into the cement kiln through a gas pipe. In the process of disposing of various waste batteries, there will be no pollutants, including dust.

[0038] The dried black powder contains a variety of heavy metals. To facilitate resource recycling, a flotation device 102 is installed to recover these heavy metals. Regardless of the type of battery, the internal structure and materials are basically the same. Taking the currently popular lithium battery as an example, its internal structure consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte. The positive electrode contains lithium compounds such as ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate, while the negative electrode contains graphite atoms. The heavy metal materials used in solid-state batteries currently under development are basically the same as those used in lithium batteries, including sulfides, nickel ternary materials, and lithium compounds. To reduce battery costs, oxides and polymer electrolytes have been developed. After more than a year of continuous research and small-scale experiments, engineers have developed a flotation process for recovering metals. The dried black powder is transported to the flotation device 102. The chemical reagents for flotation are prepared by analyzing the metal components in the black powder. The metals in the black powder are coarsely separated into bins using the flotation process, and then finely sorted to complete the metal recovery and reuse.

[0039] During the disposal of various waste batteries, all potentially harmful gases and other harmful substances, such as heavy metals, and other chemical components that are not easily emitted are all within a controllable range, and no pollutants will be generated. It is safe to continuously produce and dispose of various waste batteries.

[0040] This utility model, developed and tested multiple times, designs a complete set of safe and reliable equipment systems for recycling various waste batteries based on their internal structure and chemical composition. It processes various waste batteries and combines them with combustible gas produced in a closed furnace system (patent number 202421644557.4) that converts municipal solid waste into new energy gas. This combustible gas is used as the gas source for the flame-throwing device 813 to treat harmful gaseous substances generated from the chemical components of waste batteries at high temperatures. It is also connected to a matching cement clinker production equipment system for further processing. Harmful gases generated during the disposal of waste batteries are collected and compressed into a rotary kiln 81, where they are burned and oxidized in the high-temperature zone of the outer oxidation decomposition kiln 812. Iron, heavy metals, and plastics generated during the disposal of waste batteries can be reused after sorting. The black powder material containing heavy metals is dried by the drying device 8 and then sent to the flotation device 102. After testing, flotation agents are prepared according to the metal type for flotation. The remaining black powder material after the metals are separated is sent to the cement clinker production plant and used as raw material for cement clinker production according to the test results.

[0041] Liquid lithium batteries and semi-solid batteries have different chemical compositions in their electrolytes and electrolyte solutions. Traditional battery electrolytes are mainly sulfide-based liquids. When the electrolyte needs to be disposed of via conveyor 11, the conveyor chain plate tilts at approximately 50 degrees, pouring the electrolyte into the electrolyte collection bin 17, and then storing it in the electrolyte storage tank 18. Semi-solid batteries undergo the same recycling process. After disassembly, the residual chemicals in the battery box do not require further processing and are directly poured into the caustic soda pool in the battery collection bin 16 for purification before being reused. Semi-solid batteries requiring disassembly are processed in the disassembly device 2, just like other batteries. The electrolyte disposal process involves pumping the electrolyte from the electrolyte collection bin 18 to the cement raw material section, where it is directly mixed into the prepared cement raw materials at a ratio of 3% (by volume), and diluted with water. The diluted mixture is used as supplementary water for cement raw material preparation. The various chemical components in the electrolyte are harmless to cement clinker and can even have beneficial effects. At this point, the safe disposal of all types of waste batteries has been completed. Recyclable materials have been sorted and recycled, components requiring harmlessness have been eliminated, and parts that must be incinerated have been completely destroyed in rotary kiln 81. This process technology system has laid a good foundation for the large-scale disposal of solid-state batteries in the future, but it still needs continuous research and optimization.

[0042] This utility model is specifically designed for the recycling of various types of waste batteries, achieving near-maximum recycling rates. Battery covers, terminals, and battery boxes are all recycled intact. The electrolyte is collected in a sealed container and mixed with silicate cement raw materials to replace some of the production water. The components are harmless and even beneficial to the cement clinker. For lead-acid batteries with abundant electrolyte, the lead and heavy metals are recycled separately after settling in brine. Semi-solid and solid-state batteries, except for the electrolyte, are essentially identical in materials and can share the same processing line. The dismantling machine 21 first separates polyurethane, epoxy, and other adhesives, then the mixture enters a three-layer dry-wet separation shredding system. Through magnetic separation, air separation, and vibration separation, plastics, heavy metals, and iron are recycled separately. The black powder, after being leached with caustic soda water, is conveyed by a pipe screw conveyor 6 to the dehydration equipment 7. After dehydration, it enters a double-layer drying system. The first layer is a rotary dryer at 400–450℃, and the second layer is a fixed high-temperature zone at 650–700℃, oxidizing and decomposing harmful gases. The water vapor and harmful gases generated in the first layer are introduced into a high-temperature combustion chamber, where the water vapor is converted into oxygen-rich gas to aid combustion. The dried black powder is then separated and recovered for heavy metals via flotation. The remaining black powder is mixed into cement raw materials according to the specified ratio for the production of silicate cement or the manufacture of ceramsite sand. Thus, all waste batteries are recycled; recyclable materials have been recovered, and materials requiring incineration have been incinerated at high temperatures. The process is safe and reliable, and it also provides an upgrade interface for the large-scale disposal of solid-state batteries in the future.

[0043] It is understood that this utility model has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Furthermore, under the teachings of this utility model, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A recycling and reuse equipment system for various types of waste batteries, characterized in that, The system includes a conveying device, a dismantling device, a shredding device, a drying device, an exhaust fan, a sorting device, and a flotation device. The conveying device includes a conveyor with a cap-opening mechanism for separating the battery box and battery cover. Electrolyte is collected in the battery box, and the material is poured into the collection port of the dismantling device. The battery box and battery cover are collected into separate bins. The dismantling device includes a dismantling machine. A mesh conveyor system in the brine tank transports material to the shredding device. The shredding device includes a shredder, and a caustic soda pool is located at the lower outlet of the shredder. Iron, heavy metal, and plastic materials in the caustic soda pool are conveyed to the sorting device via the mesh conveyor system. The precipitated black... Powdered materials are conveyed to the dewatering equipment via a pipe screw conveyor and then fed into the drying device via the same pipe screw conveyor. The drying device is a rotary kiln, which includes an inner drying cylinder and an outer oxidation decomposition kiln. The outer oxidation decomposition kiln is equipped with a flame-spraying device. The induced draft device includes a closed cover installed on the dismantling machine and shredder. An induced draft pipe is connected to the closed cover and connected to the first gas tank. An exhaust pipe is installed on the first gas tank and connected to the inside of the outer oxidation decomposition kiln. A terminal induced draft device is installed at the discharge port of the inner drying cylinder and introduces the material into the second gas tank. The outlet of the inner drying cylinder discharges the material into the flotation device.

2. The recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mesh conveying mechanism includes a mesh conveyor belt. The mesh conveyor belt extends into the brine pool or caustic soda pool. Mesh collection structures are set on both sides of one end. A brine pool is set below the dismantling machine. A sedimentation tank is set at the bottom of the brine pool. A water pipe is set in the sedimentation tank and connected to a water pump to spray water above the dismantling machine. A water pipe is set in the caustic soda pool and connected to a water pump to spray water above the shredder.

3. The recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The uncovering mechanism includes mounting brackets fixedly installed on both sides of the conveyor running direction. A flat cutting mechanism is installed between the upper ends of the mounting brackets. The cutting mechanism includes a saw body with saw wheels arranged on the left and right sides inside the saw body. Steel band saws are installed on the saw wheels on both sides. The saw wheels are driven to rotate by a transmission mechanism connected to a motor. The two ends of the cutting mechanism are movably mounted on the mounting brackets. A height adjustment mechanism is provided on the mounting brackets to adjust the height of the cutting mechanism.

4. The recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveyor is a tracked chain conveyor. A battery fixing mechanism is installed on one side of the upper chain plate. This mechanism includes several locking blocks arranged in a line along the running direction to fix the chain plate. A left vertical rod and a right vertical rod are respectively installed on the outermost locking blocks on both sides. One end of the fastening belt is fixedly connected to the right vertical rod. A through hole is provided on the left vertical rod, and a locking mechanism is installed on the outer side of the left vertical rod. The locking mechanism includes a first fixed vertical rod, with a movable rod at its upper end. The middle section of the movable rod is rotatably connected to the first fixed vertical rod. A locking rod is installed at the front end of the movable rod facing the center of the conveyor belt, and the front section of the movable rod is positioned away from the center of the conveyor belt. A control rod is provided, and the other end of the fastening belt passes through the through hole of the left vertical rod. The fastening belt through the through hole is provided with retaining rings at intervals. The fastening belt is reinforced with a battery box. The retaining rings are inserted into the locking rod for fixation. The rear section of the conveyor is provided with a buckling mechanism, which is located on the bracket on the same side of the conveyor and the locking mechanism. The buckling mechanism includes a second fixed vertical rod. A connecting rod is provided at the upper end of the second fixed vertical rod facing the center of the conveyor belt. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the second fixed vertical rod, and the other end is connected to the body of the pressure rod. The pressure rod is inclined downward from left to right. When the locking mechanism approaches, the control rod is attached to the lower part of the left side of the pressure rod. During the forward movement, the control rod is pressed down to disengage the locking rod from the retaining ring.

5. The recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dismantling machine includes a dismantling machine housing, inside which are installed a slanted crushing roller and a blade-type bottom rubbing plate. The slanted crushing roller is connected to a motor via a transmission belt. The blade-type bottom rubbing plate is located below the slanted crushing roller, with one side hinged to the inner wall of the dismantling machine housing and the other side serving as the discharge port. A hydraulic cylinder is installed below the blade-type bottom rubbing plate to adjust the distance between it and the slanted crushing roller.

6. The recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shredder includes an upper feeding hopper, and below the feeding hopper are arranged the upper first pair of shredding rollers, the middle second pair of shredding rollers, and the lower vibrating receiving filter screen. The vibrating receiving filter screen screens black powder materials into the caustic soda water pool, and the outlet is conveyed to the sorting device through a mesh conveying mechanism.

7. The recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sorting device includes a magnetic separator and an air separator. A magnetic separator is installed above the end of the mesh conveyor belt in the caustic soda pool to separate ferrous materials, and an air separator is installed below to separate metallic and plastic materials.

8. The recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air separation mechanism includes an air separation chamber. A partition baffle is installed in the lower middle part of the air separation chamber, which divides the air separation chamber into two chambers, left and right. The lower part of each chamber has an outlet and a door. A horizontal baffle is installed at the upper part of the partition baffle facing the left chamber. A guide plate extending diagonally to the right is installed on the upper left side of the left chamber. A fan is installed on the left side of the left chamber. The fan's air outlet is below the guide plate and blows air towards the horizontal baffle. A sealing cover is installed on the air separation chamber. The sealing cover is connected to the air duct at the position of the right chamber. The air duct is connected to the interior of the outer oxidation decomposition kiln.

9. The recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, An exhaust pipe is installed on the outer oxidation decomposition kiln, and the outlet of the exhaust pipe is connected to the feed inlet of the inner drying cylinder. An induced draft pipe is installed on the feed inlet side of the inner drying cylinder, and the air is introduced into the outer oxidation decomposition kiln by an induced draft fan.

10. The recycling and reuse equipment system for various waste batteries according to claim 9, characterized in that, The conveying device is equipped with an electrolyte collection chamber, and the collected electrolyte is stored in an electrolyte storage tank.

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