Controllable electromagnetic brake based on double electromagnetic coil

Abstract

This utility model discloses a controllable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils, including a magnetic yoke, electromagnetic coils, a compression spring, an armature, a brake disc, a cover plate, and a control unit. The armature is located between the magnetic yoke and the brake disc, and the brake disc is located between the armature and the cover plate. An electromagnetic coil and a compression spring are installed inside the magnetic yoke near the armature, with the compression spring exerting a spring force on the armature. The electromagnetic coils include a main electromagnetic coil and a secondary electromagnetic coil arranged close to and overlapping each other, with the center lines of the main and secondary electromagnetic coils coinciding. The main and secondary electromagnetic coils are respectively connected to a control unit for controlling the on / off state and direction of the current. This utility model improves the brake's sensitivity during braking, eliminates or reduces braking delay time, improves the equipment's response speed and safety, and simultaneously meets various application requirements in practical applications, such as control over the response speed of braking and releasing, and whether to control noise levels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an electromagnetic brake, and more particularly to a controllable adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils. Background Technology

[0002] Electromagnetic brakes are braking devices that use electrical energy to achieve braking control. They brake or release the brake by controlling relevant parameters such as voltage and current. They are characterized by fast response speed and simple and convenient control, making them suitable for modern motor drives and controls.

[0003] The basic structure of a traditional electromagnetic brake generally includes a magnetic yoke, an electromagnetic coil, a compression spring, an armature, a brake disc, and a cover plate. The armature is located between the magnetic yoke and the brake disc, while the brake disc is located between the armature and the cover plate. The electromagnetic coil and the compression spring are installed inside the magnetic yoke near the armature, and the compression spring exerts a spring force on the armature. In application, when the electromagnetic coil is energized, it generates a magnetic force that attracts the armature, allowing the brake disc to rotate freely and releasing the brake. When the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, the force disappears, and the armature, under the action of the compression spring, presses the brake disc firmly against the cover plate, achieving the braking function.

[0004] Traditional electromagnetic brakes have the following drawbacks: Since the yoke is also made of metal, the magnetic domains of the yoke cannot be fully restored after the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, and some magnetism, i.e., residual magnetism, will be retained. The strength of residual magnetism is uncontrollable and cannot be eliminated, which causes a delay in braking and affects the response speed and safety of the equipment. Moreover, because there is only one electromagnetic coil and the electromagnetic force generated by it is fixed, the braking response characteristics cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the working conditions.

[0005] In practical applications, as the application range of brakes becomes wider and wider, the traditional electromagnetic brakes with a single electromagnetic coil cannot meet the needs of adjusting response characteristics to cope with various working conditions. For example, precise positioning control systems that require emergency braking require electromagnetic brakes that can quickly release and apply the brakes; braking systems that require slow release or delayed braking require electromagnetic brakes that can improve the comfort of the controller; and soundproof rooms with extremely low noise requirements require electromagnetic brakes that can reduce noise. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a controllable adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils, which can adjust the braking torque and braking or releasing speed as needed to solve the above problems.

[0007] This utility model achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: An adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils includes a magnetic yoke, electromagnetic coils, a compression spring, an armature, a brake disc, and a cover plate. The armature is located between the magnetic yoke and the brake disc, and the brake disc is located between the armature and the cover plate. The electromagnetic coil and the compression spring are installed inside the magnetic yoke near the armature, and the compression spring exerts a spring force on the armature. The electromagnetic coil includes a main electromagnetic coil and an auxiliary electromagnetic coil arranged close to and overlapping each other. The center lines of the main electromagnetic coil and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil coincide. The adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils also includes a control unit. The main electromagnetic coil and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil are respectively connected to the control unit for controlling the on / off state and direction of the current.

[0008] Preferably, to better realize the current switching control function and current direction control function of the secondary electromagnetic coil, the control unit includes a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, a rectifier, a first diode, and a second diode. The first switch and the rectifier are connected in series in the circuit between the main electromagnetic coil and the AC power supply. The first diode is connected in series with one end of the third switch to form a first polarity control module. The second diode is connected in series with one end of the fourth switch to form a second polarity control module. The second switch is a single-pole double-throw switch, with one moving end connected to the other end of the third switch, the other moving end connected to the other end of the fourth switch, and the stationary end connected to one end of the AC power supply. The first diode and the second diode are respectively connected to one end of the secondary electromagnetic coil, and the other end of the secondary electromagnetic coil is connected to the other end of the AC power supply. The current direction of the first polarity control module is opposite to the current direction of the second polarity control module.

[0009] Preferably, in order to better control the current direction of the secondary electromagnetic coil, the positive terminal of the first diode is connected to one end of the third switch and the negative terminal is connected to one end of the secondary electromagnetic coil; the negative terminal of the second diode is connected to one end of the fourth switch and the positive terminal is connected to one end of the secondary electromagnetic coil.

[0010] Preferably, in order to control the magnitude of the current in the secondary electromagnetic coil and thus control the magnitude of its electromagnetic force, the control unit further includes a first adjustable resistor and a second adjustable resistor, wherein the first adjustable resistor is connected in series in the first polarity control module and the second adjustable resistor is connected in series in the second polarity control module.

[0011] Preferably, in order to achieve reliable control, the secondary electromagnetic coil is wound in the same direction as the primary electromagnetic coil, and the number of turns of the secondary electromagnetic coil is less than the number of turns of the primary electromagnetic coil.

[0012] Depending on the specific application requirements, the secondary electromagnetic coil may consist of one or more independent coils.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This invention, by adding an auxiliary electromagnetic coil and controlling the on / off state and direction of the current in both the main and auxiliary electromagnetic coils via a control unit, achieves the purpose of eliminating residual magnetism in the yoke using the electromagnetic force of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil. This improves the sensitivity of the brake during braking, eliminates or reduces braking delay time, and enhances the response speed and safety of the equipment. Simultaneously, by controlling the on / off state and direction of the current in the auxiliary electromagnetic coil, the invention enables control over the presence and direction of the electromagnetic force in the auxiliary electromagnetic coil. This allows the electromagnetic force generated by the auxiliary electromagnetic coil to assist in strengthening or weakening the electromagnetic force of the main electromagnetic coil, thereby dynamically adjusting the braking response characteristics according to operating conditions. This meets various application requirements in practical applications, including control of braking and de-braking response speed and noise control. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils described in this utility model; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram showing the connection between the corresponding components and the main electromagnetic coil in the control unit of the adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils described in this utility model. Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram showing the connection between the corresponding components and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil in the control unit of the adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils described in this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figures 1-3 As shown, the adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils of this utility model includes a magnetic yoke 1, electromagnetic coils, a compression spring (not shown in the figure, which is a conventional structure), an armature 4, a brake disc 3, a cover plate 2, and a control unit 9. The armature 4 is located between the magnetic yoke 1 and the brake disc 3, and the brake disc 3 is located between the armature 4 and the cover plate 2. The electromagnetic coil and the compression spring are installed in the magnetic yoke 1 near the armature 4, and the compression spring has a spring force on the armature 4. The electromagnetic coil includes a main electromagnetic coil 6 and an auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 arranged close to and overlapping each other. The center line of the main electromagnetic coil 6 and the center line of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 coincide. The main electromagnetic coil 6 and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 are respectively connected to the control unit 9 for controlling the current on / off and the current direction.

[0016] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this utility model also discloses the following more optimized specific structures: To better realize the current on / off control and current direction control functions of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5, the control unit includes a first switch K1, a second switch K2, a third switch K3, a fourth switch K4, a rectifier BR, a first diode D1, and a second diode D2. The first switch K1 and the rectifier BR are connected in series in the loop between the main electromagnetic coil 6 and the AC power supply. Figure 2 Defined as circuit one, the first diode D1 and one end of the third switch K3 are connected in series to form the first polarity control module. The first polarity control module is in Figure 3 Defined as an enhancement module, the current loop containing the first polarity control module is in... Figure 3 Defined as loop two, Figure 3 The direction of current in the middle loop 2 is the same as Figure 2 The currents in the middle loop one are in the same direction. The second diode D2 and one end of the fourth switch K4 are connected in series to form the second polarity control module. The second polarity control module is in Figure 3 Defined as a weakening module, the current loop containing the second polarity control module is in... Figure 3 The circuit is defined as loop three. The second switch K2 is a single-pole double-throw switch, with one moving end connected to the other end of the third switch K3, the other moving end connected to the other end of the fourth switch K4, and the stationary end connected to one end of the AC power supply. The first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are respectively connected to one end of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5, and the other end of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 is connected to the other end of the AC power supply. That is, the first polarity control module and the second polarity control module are connected in parallel and then in series with the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5. The current direction of the first polarity control module is opposite to that of the second polarity control module, meaning the current directions of loop two and loop three are opposite. Note: The first switch K1, second switch K2, third switch K3, and fourth switch K4 are all conventional components in the prior art. They can be mechanical or electronic switches depending on actual needs. All three switches are single-pole single-throw switches. The rectifier BR can be a rectifier circuit or a rectifier chip.

[0017] In order to better control the current direction of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5, the positive terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the third switch K3 and the negative terminal is connected to one end of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5. The negative terminal of the second diode D2 is connected to one end of the fourth switch K4 and the positive terminal is connected to one end of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5.

[0018] In order to control the magnitude of the current in the secondary electromagnetic coil 5 and thus control the magnitude of its electromagnetic force, the control unit further includes a first adjustable resistor R1 and a second adjustable resistor R2. The first adjustable resistor R1 is connected in series in the first polarity control module, and the second adjustable resistor R2 is connected in series in the second polarity control module.

[0019] To achieve reliable control, the secondary electromagnetic coil 5 and the primary electromagnetic coil 6 are wound in the same direction, and the number of turns of the secondary electromagnetic coil 5 is less than the number of turns of the primary electromagnetic coil 6.

[0020] Depending on the actual application requirements, the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 consists of one or more independent coils.

[0021] Figure 1 The image also shows a transmission sleeve 8 integrally formed and connected to the brake disc 3, and a bushing 7 that is connected to the transmission sleeve 8 and used for connection to the rotating shaft; these are all conventional structures.

[0022] like Figures 1-3 As shown, in application, connect the motor shaft (not visible in the figure) of the device (not shown in the figure) to the bushing 7, and then the device can be used normally. The working principle of the adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils described in this utility model is explained in detail below for several different actual working conditions: When the brake needs to be started and stopped quickly, the third switch K3 is closed first to activate the enhancement module; then the fourth switch K4 is closed to activate the weakening module. The specific process is as follows: When the equipment needs to start quickly, when the armature 4 engages to stop braking, the first switch K1 closes, circuit one is connected, the main electromagnetic coil 6 is energized and begins to work, generating a positive electromagnetic force that attracts the armature 4 away from the brake disc 3, thus releasing the brake and allowing the equipment motor shaft to rotate freely. Simultaneously, one moving terminal of the second switch K2 is connected to the first diode D1, circuit two is connected, a pulse current is input to the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5, the enhancement module is activated, generating a brief positive electromagnetic force, increasing the total positive electromagnetic force of the brake, strengthening the attraction to the armature 4, and reducing the brake release response time. To make the brake release response faster, several pulse currents can be applied to the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 in advance. The current amplitude can also be adjusted using the first adjustable resistor R1 to achieve a suitable brake release response time. When the equipment needs to stop quickly, the first switch K1 opens, the circuit is broken, the main electromagnetic coil 6 is de-energized and stops working, losing its electromagnetic force. Under the elastic force of the compression spring, the armature 4 presses the brake disc 3 against the cover plate 2, realizing the braking function. At the same time, the other moving end of the second switch K2 is closed and connected to the second diode D2, the circuit is closed, and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 receives a reverse pulse current, weakening the module startup and generating a brief reverse electromagnetic force, weakening the positive residual magnetism in the yoke 1, reducing the attraction force on the armature 4, and reducing the braking response time. To prevent the armature 4 from being attracted by the residual magnetism again and causing tremors, several pulse currents can be applied to the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 in advance for pre-demagnetization, and the pulse duration can be reduced. At the same time, the current amplitude can be adjusted through the second adjustable resistor R2 to adjust to a suitable braking response time.

[0023] When the brake needs to be started and stopped slowly to reduce noise, first close the third switch K3 to activate the enhancement module, then close the fourth switch K4 to activate the reduction module. The specific process is as follows: When the equipment needs to start slowly, when the armature 4 engages to stop braking, the first switch K1 closes, circuit one is connected, the main electromagnetic coil 6 is energized and starts working, generating a positive electromagnetic force that attracts the armature 4 away from the brake disc 3, achieving the purpose of releasing the brake, allowing the equipment motor shaft to rotate freely. Simultaneously, one moving terminal of the second switch K2 is connected to the second diode D2, circuit three is connected, the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 receives a reverse pulse current, the reduction module is activated, generating a brief reverse electromagnetic force, reducing the total positive electromagnetic force of the brake, weakening the attraction to the armature 4, reducing the noise of the armature 4 striking the yoke 1, and increasing the brake release response time. To make the brake release response time longer but not so long that it cannot be released, the application of several pulse currents to the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 can be delayed; at the same time, the current amplitude can be adjusted through the second adjustable resistor R2 to achieve a suitable brake release response time. When the equipment needs to stop slowly, the first switch K1 is opened, the circuit is broken, the main electromagnetic coil 6 is de-energized and stops working, losing its electromagnetic force. Under the elastic force of the compression spring, the armature 4 presses the brake disc 3 against the cover plate 2, realizing the braking function. At the same time, the other moving end of the second switch K2 is closed and connected to the first diode D1, the second circuit is connected, the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 receives a pulse current, the enhancement module is activated, generating a brief positive electromagnetic force, increasing the positive residual magnetism in the brake, increasing the attraction force on the armature 4, reducing the noise of the armature 4 hitting the brake disc 3, and increasing the braking response time. In order to prevent the armature 4 from being unable to disengage from the magnetic yoke 1 due to the electromagnetic force of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5, it is necessary to delay the application of several pulse currents to the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 and reduce the pulse duration, applying electromagnetic force during the process of the armature 4 disengaging from the magnetic yoke 1; at the same time, the current amplitude can be adjusted through the first adjustable resistor R1 to adjust to a suitable braking response time.

[0024] When the brake needs to be started and stopped normally, the auxiliary electromagnetic coil 5 can be left unactivated. Alternatively, depending on the specific operating conditions, only the enhancement module or only the weakening module can be used to achieve coverage of multiple operating conditions.

[0025] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of this utility model. Any technical solution that can be implemented based on the above embodiments without creative effort should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of this utility model patent.

Claims

1. A controllable adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils, comprising a magnetic yoke, electromagnetic coils, a compression spring, an armature, a brake disc, and a cover plate, wherein the armature is located between the magnetic yoke and the brake disc, the brake disc is located between the armature and the cover plate, and the electromagnetic coils and the compression spring are installed inside the magnetic yoke near the armature, with the compression spring exerting a spring force on the armature, characterized in that: The electromagnetic coil includes a main electromagnetic coil and an auxiliary electromagnetic coil arranged close to and overlapping each other, with the center lines of the main electromagnetic coil and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil coinciding. The controllable electromagnetic brake based on the dual electromagnetic coils also includes a control unit, with the main electromagnetic coil and the auxiliary electromagnetic coil respectively connected to the control unit for controlling the current on / off and current direction.

2. The adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit includes a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, a rectifier, a first diode, and a second diode. The first switch and the rectifier are connected in series in the circuit between the main electromagnetic coil and the AC power supply. The first diode is connected in series with one end of the third switch to form a first polarity control module. The second diode is connected in series with one end of the fourth switch to form a second polarity control module. The second switch is a single-pole double-throw switch, with one moving end connected to the other end of the third switch, the other moving end connected to the other end of the fourth switch, and the stationary end connected to one end of the AC power supply. The first diode and the second diode are respectively connected to one end of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil, and the other end of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil is connected to the other end of the AC power supply. The current direction of the first polarity control module is opposite to the current direction of the second polarity control module.

3. The adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positive terminal of the first diode is connected to one end of the third switch, and the negative terminal is connected to one end of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil. The negative terminal of the second diode is connected to one end of the fourth switch, and the positive terminal is connected to one end of the auxiliary electromagnetic coil.

4. The adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The control unit further includes a first adjustable resistor and a second adjustable resistor, wherein the first adjustable resistor is connected in series in the first polarity control module and the second adjustable resistor is connected in series in the second polarity control module.

5. The adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The secondary electromagnetic coil is wound in the same direction as the primary electromagnetic coil, and the number of turns of the secondary electromagnetic coil is less than the number of turns of the primary electromagnetic coil.

6. The adjustable electromagnetic brake based on dual electromagnetic coils according to claim 5, characterized in that: The secondary electromagnetic coil consists of one or more independent coils.

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