Debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of debris flow simulation test, more specifically relates to a kind of simulation test device of debris flow bend climbing movement.The channel in the utility model includes channel bottom plate, channel first side plate and channel second side plate, channel first side plate includes bend front fixed side plate, pass bend adjusting plate and bend rear mobile first side plate, channel second side plate includes bend front mobile side plate and bend rear mobile second side plate, bend front fixed side plate, bend front mobile side plate and channel bottom plate are used to combine and constitute the bend front section channel extending along first linear direction, bend rear mobile first side plate, bend rear mobile second side plate and channel bottom plate are used to combine and constitute the bend rear section channel extending along second linear direction;The width of bend front section channel is adjusted by first translation mechanism, bend angle is adjusted by the cooperation of first rotating mechanism and second rotating mechanism, the width of bend rear section channel is same with the width of bend front section channel downstream end by second translation mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of debris flow simulation test, and more specifically relates to a debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device. Background Technology

[0002] Due to the high viscosity and multiphase flow characteristics of debris flows, when passing through bends, they often exhibit more complex run-up morphologies than water flows, driven by strong inertial forces and entrainment. This can cause the fluid at the bend to overturn the channel or barriers, resulting in larger-scale damage. Clearly, this is significantly related to the properties of the debris flow fluid, the channel bed morphology, and the angle of entry into the bend. Therefore, studying the maximum run-up characteristics of fluids in different states and velocities under different channel bed widths and bend angles is of great significance for the design of debris flow prevention and control engineering.

[0003] Currently, the calculation formulas and methods used domestically and internationally to study the superelevation and maximum lift height of debris flow bends mainly include empirical formulas, kinetic energy conversion theory derivation, numerical simulation, and flume testing. Empirical formulas are typically based on fitting observational data of debris flows of a specific scale in a particular region, resulting in strong limitations and insufficient characterization of the physical mechanisms. Kinetic energy conversion theory derivation methods often suffer from significant discrepancies between theoretical assumptions and actual conditions, oversimplification of boundary conditions, and neglect of topographic or fluid characteristics, making it difficult to accurately reflect the true distribution of "erosion on concave banks and sedimentation on convex banks." The accuracy of results obtained through numerical simulation is overly dependent on the rationality and accuracy of the physical model and parameter values. Flume testing, by using materials such as sand and soil to create different environmental conditions within the flue, closely approximates the actual conditions of the channel or drainage facilities, and can reflect the characteristics of debris flow movement more realistically, but the results are affected to some extent by the length contraction effect.

[0004] The following patent documents related to this utility model have been found so far: Chinese patent document CN110095586 A (publication date: May 6, 2019) discloses a debris flow simulation testing device and method using an assembled channel. The device includes a material box, a mixing and lifting machine, an assembled channel, a liftable support, an impact force testing system, a stacking box, a data cable, and a testing and processing system. The advantages of this invention are: the assembled channel is composed of several straight and curved channels with triangular steps at the bottom, connected together and mounted on a liftable support. A high-speed miniature camera embedded in the straight channel, a novel fiber optic sensor embedded in the curved channel, and the impact force testing system are connected to the testing and processing system via the data cable. This invention can be applied to the simulation of debris flows with different shapes, lengths, friction levels, and slopes. The channel is reusable and highly adaptable, enabling automatic data acquisition and processing of the entire debris flow movement, impact, and accumulation process. It provides continuous monitoring, strong anti-interference capabilities, and a scientific basis for debris flow disaster prevention. The main feature of the above scheme is that it uses multiple circular pipes to assemble different channel models, and it cannot easily achieve arbitrary adjustment of channel width and bending angle. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device, which can more conveniently realize arbitrary adjustment of the width of the channel and the angle of the curve.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: a debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device, comprising a debris flow slurry input system, a channel simulation system, a debris flow parameter measurement system, and a debris flow slurry recovery tank. The channel simulation system includes a channel and a channel support device. The discharge end of the debris flow slurry input system is connected to the front end of the channel, and the inlet end of the debris flow slurry recovery tank is connected to the end of the channel. The channel includes a channel bottom plate, a first channel side plate, and a second channel side plate. The trench floor is supported and fixed by a trench support device. The first side plate of the trench includes a fixed side plate before the bend, a bend adjustment plate, and a movable first side plate after the bend. The second side plate of the trench includes a movable side plate before the bend and a movable second side plate after the bend. The fixed side plate before the bend is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the trench floor. The fixed side plate before the bend and the movable side plate before the bend are symmetrically arranged with respect to the vertical plane with respect to the center of the trench width direction. The fixed side plate before the bend, the movable side plate before the bend, and the trench floor are used to form a structure extending along the first straight line direction. The bend-front section of the channel has a movable side plate mounted on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate via a first translation mechanism. This first translation mechanism adjusts the distance between the fixed and movable side plates in the channel width direction. The upstream end of the bend-adjusting plate is directly opposite the downstream end of the fixed side plate. The bend-adjusting plate is equipped with a second translation mechanism, allowing it to reciprocate along a first straight line relative to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate. The bend-rear movable first side plate, the bend-rear movable second side plate, and the channel bottom plate are combined to form a bend-rear section of the channel extending along a second straight line. The downstream end of the bend-adjusting plate and the upstream end of the bend-rear movable first side plate are connected via a first rotation mechanism, and the downstream end of the movable side plate and the upstream end of the bend-rear movable second side plate are connected via a second rotation mechanism. The cooperation of the first and second rotation mechanisms ensures that the second straight line has a set angle relative to the first straight line. The second translation mechanism ensures that the width of the bend-rear section of the channel is the same as the width of the downstream end of the bend-front section of the channel.

[0007] The preferred embodiment is that the pre-bend channel includes a first pre-bend straight channel, a pre-bend duct channel, and a second pre-bend straight channel arranged sequentially from the upstream end to the downstream end of the channel. The width of the second pre-bend straight channel is smaller than the width of the first pre-bend straight channel. The channel support device includes multiple electrically operated telescopic legs arranged vertically along their axes. The top of the electrically operated telescopic legs is hinged to the bottom of the channel bottom plate, so that the slope of the upper surface of the channel bottom plate is adjustable.

[0008] A preferred embodiment is that the first translation mechanism includes a first guide mechanism, a lead screw and nut transmission mechanism, and a power mechanism. Multiple sets of the first guide mechanisms are arranged at intervals along a first straight line. Each set of first guide mechanisms includes a first guide wheel and a first slide groove disposed on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate. The first slide groove extends along the width direction of the channel before the bend. The first guide wheel is disposed within the first slide groove and can move along the length direction of the first slide groove. The first guide wheel includes a first fixed shaft, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the moving side plate before the bend. Two first rolling bearings are disposed on the first fixed shaft and rotate around its axis. The inner wall of the first slide groove has a protruding first guide wheel. The guide rail has two first rolling bearings that form rolling engagement with the upper surface and the upper surface of the first guide rail, respectively. The upper end of the first slide groove is equipped with a detachable slide groove cover plate, and multiple slide groove cover plates are independently arranged along the length of the first slide groove. The screw and nut transmission mechanism includes a nut plate, a screw, and a support plate. The support plate is fixedly set relative to the bottom plate of the channel. The screw is rotatably set on the support plate through a bearing. The axis of the screw extends along the width of the channel before the bend. The nut plate and the screw are threadedly connected. The nut plate is fixedly set on the top of the moving side plate before the bend. The power mechanism includes a stepper motor. The output shaft of the stepper motor is connected to the screw through a transmission mechanism to drive the screw to rotate.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the cornering adjustment plate is positioned on the outer side of the fixed side plate before the bend. The second translation mechanism includes a second guide mechanism and a telescopic limiting device. The second guide mechanism includes a second guide wheel and a second slide groove positioned on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate. The second slide groove extends along a first straight line. The second guide wheel is positioned within the second slide groove and can move along the length of the second slide groove. Multiple second guide wheels are spaced apart along the first straight line. Each second guide wheel includes a second fixed shaft. The upper end of the second fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cornering adjustment plate. Two second rolling bearings are mounted on the second fixed shaft and rotate around its axis. The inner wall of the second slide groove has a protruding second guide rail. The two second rolling bearings are respectively connected to the second guide rail. The upper surface and the upper surface form a rolling fit; the telescopic limiting device includes a first rack, a first gear, a first screw and a first stop block. The first gear is rotatably mounted on the head of the first screw through a bearing. The first gear and the first screw are coaxially arranged. The first rack is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate and extends along the first straight line direction. The top surface of the pre-bend fixed side plate is provided with a first threaded hole that matches the first screw. The first stop block is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the pre-bend fixed side plate and located on the outer periphery of the first threaded hole. The first stop block has a first engagement groove. When the first screw is connected to the first threaded hole, the first gear can simultaneously engage with the tooth groove of the first rack and the first engagement groove on the first stop block.

[0010] A preferred embodiment is that the first rotating mechanism includes a first hinge and a first rotating limiting device. The downstream end of the bending adjustment plate and the upstream end of the first side plate that moves after bending are rotatably connected by the first hinge. The first rotating limiting device includes a first limiting plate, a second gear, and a second screw. The first limiting plate is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate. The first limiting plate is provided with a first arc-shaped through groove arranged around the axis of the first hinge. The inner walls on both sides of the first arc-shaped through groove are respectively provided with first toothed slots, which are continuously arranged along the arc length direction of the first arc-shaped through groove. The second gear is rotatably mounted on the head of the second screw through a bearing. The second gear and the second screw are coaxially arranged. The top surface of the first side plate that moves after bending is provided with a second threaded hole that matches the second screw. When the second screw is connected to the second threaded hole, the second gear can simultaneously engage with the first toothed slots on both sides of the first arc-shaped through groove. The upper surface of the first limiting plate is provided with a first angle scale for displaying the connection angle between the first side plate that moves after bending and the bending adjustment plate on the side of the first arc-shaped through groove.

[0011] A preferred embodiment is that the second rotation mechanism includes a second hinge and a second rotation limiting device. The downstream end of the forward-moving side plate and the upstream end of the backward-moving second side plate are rotatably connected by the second hinge. The second rotation limiting device includes a second limiting plate, a third gear, and a third screw. The second limiting plate is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the forward-moving side plate. The second limiting plate is provided with a second arc-shaped through groove arranged around the axis of the second hinge. The inner walls on both sides of the second arc-shaped through groove are respectively provided with second toothed slots. The second toothed slots are arranged along the second arc. The arc length of the through groove is continuously arranged; the third gear is rotatably mounted on the head of the third screw through a bearing, and the third gear and the third screw are coaxially arranged. The top surface of the second side plate that moves after bending is provided with a third threaded hole that matches the third screw. When the third screw is connected to the third threaded hole, the third gear can simultaneously engage with the second toothed slots on both sides of the second arc-shaped through groove; the upper surface of the second limiting plate is provided with a second angle scale on the side of the second arc-shaped through groove to display the connection angle between the second side plate that moves after bending and the side plate that moves before bending.

[0012] A preferred embodiment is that the debris flow parameter measurement system includes a velocity detection device located at the downstream end of the bend-end channel. The velocity detection device includes fan blades, an insulating connecting rod, a magnet, a rotor, conductive slip rings, brushes, an insulating tube, wires, and a regulator. The insulating tube is fixedly installed at the downstream end of the bend-end channel along its width. Multiple fan blades are spaced apart around the outer periphery of the insulating tube. The fan blades are fixedly connected to the rotor via the insulating connecting rod to form a rotating wheel. The rotor is coaxially mounted inside the insulating tube, and the rotating wheel is rotatably connected to the insulating tube via bearings coaxially mounted inside the insulating tube. The magnet includes a pair of opposite magnets located on both sides of the insulating tube, and the magnet is fixedly mounted around the outer periphery of the insulating tube. The rotor has a coil and conductive slip rings integrated into it. The coil is located within the magnetic field region formed by the magnet. Two conductive slip rings are designed and correspond one-to-one with the two ends of the coil. The brushes are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the insulating tube and correspond one-to-one with the conductive slip rings. The brushes and conductive slip rings are always in contact. The brushes are connected to the regulator via wires to form a measurement circuit.

[0013] A preferred embodiment is that the debris flow parameter measurement system includes a height measuring device. Both the first and second side panels of the channel are made of tempered glass. The height measuring device includes a first height scale, a second height scale, and a camera. The first height scale is located at the downstream end of the moving side panel before the bend, and the second height scale is located at the upstream end of the moving first side panel after the bend. The first and second height scales are each equipped with a camera for recording their height measurements.

[0014] A preferred embodiment is that energy dissipation devices are installed on the inner side of the channel at the downstream end of the first moving side plate after the bend and the downstream end of the second moving side plate after the bend, respectively. The energy dissipation device includes a perforated plate and a torsion spring. The perforated plate is rotatably installed in the channel after the bend through a rigid rotating shaft and bearing. The axis of the rigid rotating shaft is horizontally arranged along the width direction of the channel after the bend, and the length direction of the perforated plate is arranged along the width direction of the channel after the bend. The rigid rotating shaft is fixedly installed on the perforated plate, and the torsion spring is connected between the rigid rotating shaft and the rotating mating surface of the inner side of the channel. When the torsion spring is in its natural state, the perforated plate is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bottom plate of the channel.

[0015] The preferred embodiment is that water-swellable adhesive strips are fixedly installed on the lower end face of the bending adjustment plate, the lower end face of the first side plate that moves after bending, the lower end face of the side plate that moves before bending, and the lower end face of the second side plate that moves after bending; a water-blocking adhesive strip is provided at the vertical joint between the upstream end of the bending adjustment plate and the downstream end of the fixed side plate that moves before bending, so that the inner surface of the channel of the connection between the bending adjustment plate and the fixed side plate that moves before bending is a sealed structure; the joint gaps in the areas where the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism are located are respectively covered with waterproof tape, so that the inner surface of the channel of the connection between the bending adjustment plate and the first side plate that moves after bending, and the inner surface of the channel of the connection between the side plate that moves before bending and the second side plate that moves after bending are both sealed structures.

[0016] The preferred embodiment is that a channel front end plate is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate at the upstream end of the channel, and a water-blocking strip is provided at the vertical joint between the upstream end of the moving side plate before the bend and the channel front end plate to make the upstream end of the channel a closed structure; the channel front end plate has multiple feed inlets evenly spaced along the width direction of the channel; the debris flow slurry input system includes a variable frequency speed control centrifugal pump, a discharge main pipe, a feed pipe and a material preparation tank, the feed end of the variable frequency speed control centrifugal pump is connected to the material preparation tank through the feed pipe, the discharge end of the variable frequency speed control centrifugal pump is connected to the discharge main pipe, and a regulating valve is provided at the end of the discharge main pipe near the variable frequency speed control centrifugal pump; the discharge main pipe is connected to the feed inlets of the channel front end plate through multiple openable and closable discharge branch pipes, and the discharge branch pipes correspond one-to-one with the feed inlets of the channel front end plate.

[0017] In specific testing, this utility model includes the following steps: Step 1, Preparation Stage: The above-mentioned debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device is pre-assembled. The slope of the upper surface of the bottom plate of the channel is i. According to the test requirements, the width B of the downstream end of the channel before the bend is first adjusted by the first translation mechanism. Then, the bend angle θ (i.e., the angle between the second straight direction and the first straight direction) and the position of the bend adjustment plate are adjusted by the second translation mechanism, the first rotation mechanism and the second rotation mechanism to ensure that the width of the channel after the bend is the same as the width of the downstream end of the channel before the bend. After the adjustment is completed, check and confirm that the channel is in a closed state. If there are gaps in the flow surface of the channel, waterproof tape is used to seal them. Step 2, Experimental Stage: The prepared debris flow slurry is input into the front end of the channel using a debris flow slurry input system. The bulk density of the debris flow slurry is γ. Then, the experimental parameters of the debris flow slurry are measured and recorded in real time using a debris flow parameter measurement system. The experimental parameters of the debris flow slurry include the velocity V0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend (measured by a flow velocity detection device set at the downstream end of the channel before the bend), the mud level height H0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend (measured by a camera in conjunction with a first height scale), and the maximum climbing height H of the debris flow slurry after passing the bend (measured by a camera in conjunction with a second height scale). Step 3, Progressive Testing: Clean the channel thoroughly and redesign the test, such as adjusting the width B and bend angle of the downstream end of the channel before the bend. θ The design parameters, such as the velocity V0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend, are then repeated in steps one and two.

[0018] After numerous experiments, multiple sets of data were obtained and fitted. H=f (H 0 , γ, θ, V 0 (B, i) The function is used to study the maximum climb height law of debris flow bends.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This utility model takes into account that the curved sections of actual debris flow channels are not regular arcs, and the design concept of "straightening the curves" in drainage projects. The above-mentioned channel structure is designed accordingly, which can flexibly and steplessly adjust the channel width and the curve angle (preferably, the channel slope can also be adjusted), thereby simulating the process of debris flow climbing up the curve under different channel widths, curve angles and slopes. It meets a wide range of experimental needs and the experimental device has a high reusability.

[0020] 2. The device of this utility model is easy to install and operate, highly automated, and easy to adjust different size parameters of the device, making it highly efficient for progressive testing.

[0021] 3. In addition to studying the climbing law of debris flow bends, this utility model can also restore and simulate the structure of debris flow drainage channels in proportion, providing reference and technical support for the design of debris flow prevention and control projects. For example, the energy dissipation device design can be applied to the design of actual debris flow drainage projects. While dissipating energy, it can also block large rocks and reduce the damage of rocks to downstream drainage or blocking facilities. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the area where the first translation mechanism is located in this utility model; Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the area where the second translation mechanism and the first rotation mechanism are located in this utility model; Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the area where the second rotating mechanism is located in this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flow velocity detection device in this utility model; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A partially enlarged schematic diagram showing the interaction between the conductive slip ring and the brush; Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the energy dissipation device in this utility model.

[0024] The components in the diagram are labeled as follows: 1. Channel bottom plate; 2. First chute; 3. First guide rail; 4. Debris flow slurry outlet hole; 5. Second chute; 6. Fixed side plate before bend; 7. Adjusting plate for bend; 8. Moving first side plate after bend; 9. Moving second side plate after bend; 10. Moving side plate before bend; 11. Water-swellable rubber strip; 12. Water-blocking rubber strip; 13. Electric telescopic leg; 14. Support beam; 15. Channel front end plate; 16. Feed inlet; 21. Variable frequency speed centrifugal pump; 22. Main discharge pipe; 23. Feed pipe; 24. Material preparation trough; 25. Adjusting valve; 26. Discharge branch pipe; 27. Debris flow slurry recovery tank; 31. Nut plate; 32. Lead screw; 33. Support plate; 34. Stepper motor; 35. Idler roller; 36. First fixed shaft. 6, First rolling bearing 37, First rack 41, First gear 42, First screw 43, First stop block 44, First hinge 51, First limiting plate 52, Second gear 53, Second screw 54, First arc-shaped through groove 55, Second hinge 61, Second limiting plate 62, Third gear 63, Third screw 64, Second arc-shaped through groove 65, Flow rate detection device 70, Fan blade plate 71, Insulating connecting rod 72, Magnet 73, Rotor 74, Conductive slip ring 75, Brush 76, Insulating tube 77, Wire 78, Adjuster 79, First height scale 81, Second height scale 82, Camera 83, Energy dissipation device 90, Rigid rotating shaft 91, Grid plate 92. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0026] Please see Figures 1 to 7This invention includes a debris flow slurry input system, a channel simulation system, a debris flow parameter measurement system, and a debris flow slurry recovery tank 27. The channel simulation system includes a channel and a channel support device. The discharge end of the debris flow slurry input system is connected to the front end of the channel, and the inlet end of the debris flow slurry recovery tank 27 is connected to the end of the channel. The channel includes a channel bottom plate 1, a first channel side plate, and a second channel side plate. The channel bottom plate 1 is supported and fixed by the channel support device. The debris flow slurry input system only needs to introduce the pre-prepared debris flow slurry to the front end of the channel at a certain flow rate. The debris flow slurry recovery tank 27 is used to recover the debris flow slurry at the end of the channel. For ease of implementation, this invention provides a debris flow slurry outlet hole 4 in the channel bottom plate 1 at the end of the channel, and the debris flow slurry recovery tank 27 is located below the debris flow slurry outlet hole 4. It should be noted that the bend section of the channel in this utility model can move on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1, and the setting area of ​​the debris flow slurry outlet hole 4 should be adapted to the moving range of the debris flow slurry outlet hole 4.

[0027] The first key technical point of this utility model lies in the change of the assembly method of the channel. The first side plate of the channel in this utility model includes a fixed side plate 6 before bending, a bending adjustment plate 7, and a movable first side plate 8 after bending. The second side plate of the channel includes a movable side plate 10 before bending and a movable second side plate 9 after bending. The fixed side plate 6 before bending is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1. The fixed side plate 6 before bending and the movable side plate 10 before bending are symmetrically arranged with respect to the vertical plane passing through the center of the channel width direction. The fixed side plate 6 before bending, the movable side plate 10 before bending, and the channel bottom plate 1 are used to form a channel section before bending that extends along the first straight line direction, that is, the radial cross section of the channel section before bending is rectangular, and the central axis is a straight line. The movable side plate 10 before bending is set on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1 through a first translation mechanism. The first translation mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the fixed side plate 6 before bending and the movable side plate 10 before bending in the channel width direction. The upstream end of the bend adjustment plate 7 is directly connected to the downstream end of the bend-prefixed side plate 6, which means that the bend adjustment plate 7 also extends along the first straight line. The bend adjustment plate 7 is equipped with a second translation mechanism so that the bend adjustment plate 7 can reciprocate along the first straight line relative to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1. The bend adjustment plate 7 can be slidably embedded in the bend-prefixed side plate 6, or it can be slidably disposed on the outside of the bend-prefixed side plate 6 (i.e., on the side where the outer wall of the channel is located). In order to make the structure simple and reliable, this utility model preferably slidably disposed on the outside of the bend-prefixed side plate 6. For details, please refer to the preferred embodiment of the second translation mechanism described below. In this invention, the first side plate 8, the second side plate 9, and the bottom plate 1 of the channel are used to form a channel extending along the second straight line direction. The downstream end of the bending adjustment plate 7 and the upstream end of the first side plate 8 are connected by a first rotating mechanism, and the downstream end of the front side plate 10 and the upstream end of the second side plate 9 are connected by a second rotating mechanism. The cooperation of the first and second rotating mechanisms makes the second straight line direction have a set angle relative to the first straight line direction. The second translation mechanism makes the width of the channel after the bend the same as the width of the downstream end of the channel before the bend, which is equivalent to the channel after the bend also being a straight channel with a rectangular radial cross section, and its width is the same as the width of the downstream end of the channel before the bend.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments of this utility model, the pre-bend channel includes a first pre-bend straight channel, a pre-bend concentrating channel, and a second pre-bend straight channel, arranged sequentially from the upstream end to the downstream end of the channel. The width of the second pre-bend straight channel is smaller than the width of the first pre-bend straight channel. The pre-bend concentrating channel can adopt various conventional streamlined channels. Generally, it can be constrained by two symmetrical inclined side plates or arc-shaped side plates, converging the debris flow slurry introduced at the front end of the channel to the downstream end of the pre-bend channel, and finally smoothly flowing into the bend, thus playing a role in balancing the velocity distribution and improving the accuracy of the velocity measurement results.

[0029] In some preferred embodiments of this utility model, the trench support device includes multiple vertically arranged electrically retractable legs 13. The top ends of the electrically retractable legs 13 are hinged to the bottom of the trench base plate 1, so that the slope of the upper surface of the trench base plate 1 is adjustable. To make the structure more reliable, the trench support device can also be provided with a support beam 14 that connects and fixes the fixed ends of the trench support device to each other. The electrically retractable legs 13 can generally adopt the structure of a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, which are conventional complete sets of components in the art.

[0030] The first translation mechanism can be implemented using various existing linear displacement mechanisms, such as being driven directly by a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. To ensure a simple and reliable structure, in some preferred embodiments of this invention, the first translation mechanism includes a first guide mechanism, a lead screw and nut transmission mechanism, and a power mechanism. Multiple sets of the first guide mechanisms are arranged at intervals along a first straight line. Each set of first guide mechanisms includes a first guide wheel and a first slide groove 2 disposed on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1. The first slide groove 2 extends along the width direction of the pre-bend channel. The first guide wheel is disposed within the first slide groove 2 and can move along the length direction of the first slide groove 2. The first guide wheel includes a first fixed shaft 36, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the pre-bend moving side plate 10. Two first rolling bearings 37 are disposed on the first fixed shaft 36 and rotate around its axis. The inner wall of the first slide groove 2 has a protruding first guide rail 3. The two first rolling bearings 37 form a rolling fit with the upper surface and the upper surface of the first guide rail 3, respectively. This structural fit ensures that the first guide wheel, after being embedded in the first guide rail 3, only moves along the guide rail direction, while preventing it from moving up and down or tilting to the side. The upper opening of the first chute 2 is equipped with a detachable chute cover plate. Multiple chute cover plates are independently installed along the length of the first chute 2. The chute cover plates are used to cover the first chute 2 located inside the channel, preventing mud and debris flow slurry from entering the first chute 2 during the test, which would make cleaning inconvenient. The chute cover plates are generally placed at the top of the first chute 2 by their own weight. To improve the sealing performance, a sealing waterproof strip can also be added between the chute cover plate and the first chute 2. For ease of processing and installation, the first chute 2 and the first guide rail 3 can be integrated into an independent track component, and then the track component is installed as a whole into the corresponding track mounting groove on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1.

[0031] The lead screw and nut transmission mechanism includes a nut plate 31, a lead screw 32, and a support plate 33. The support plate 33 is fixedly mounted relative to the bottom plate 1 of the channel. The lead screw 32 is rotatably mounted on the support plate 33 via bearings. The axis of the lead screw 32 extends along the width direction of the channel before the bend. The nut plate 31 and the lead screw 32 are threadedly connected, and the nut plate 31 is fixedly mounted on the top of the moving side plate 10 before the bend. The power mechanism includes a stepper motor 34. The output shaft of the stepper motor 34 is connected to the lead screw 32 through a transmission mechanism to drive the lead screw 32 to rotate. Generally, two lead screws 32 can be arranged in parallel. The ends of the two lead screws 32 are connected by a roller 35 and a synchronous belt transmission structure. The end of one of the lead screws 32 is further connected to the end of the lead screw 32 through a transmission belt. When the output shaft of the stepper motor 34 rotates, it drives the two lead screws 32 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the moving side plate 10 before the bend to move along the width direction of the channel.

[0032] The second translation mechanism can be implemented using various existing linear displacement mechanisms, such as direct drive by a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. The overall size of the bend adjustment plate 7 is relatively small, and manual adjustment is preferred, requiring only a corresponding limit locking mechanism. To ensure structural simplicity and reliability, in some preferred embodiments of this invention, the bend adjustment plate 7 is positioned outside the fixed side plate 6 before the bend. The second translation mechanism includes a second guide mechanism and a telescopic limit device. The second guide mechanism includes a second guide wheel and a second slide groove 5 positioned on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1. The second slide groove 5 extends along a first straight line. The second guide wheel is positioned within the second slide groove 5 and can move along the length of the second slide groove 5. Multiple second guide wheels are spaced apart along the first straight line. Each second guide wheel includes a second fixed shaft, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the bend adjustment plate 7. Two second rolling bearings are mounted on the second fixed shaft and rotate around its axis. The inner wall of the second slide groove has a protruding second guide rail. The two second rolling bearings form a rolling fit with the upper surface and upper surface of the second guide rail, respectively. For a detailed description of the arrangement of the second guide wheels, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 2 The arrangement of the first guide wheel shown is the same for both, only the direction of movement is different. Similarly, for ease of processing and installation, the second slide 5 and the second guide rail can be integrated into an independent track component, and then the track component is installed as a whole into the corresponding track mounting groove on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1.

[0033] In some preferred embodiments of this utility model, the telescopic limiting device includes a first rack 41, a first gear 42, a first screw 43, and a first stop block 44. The first gear 42 is rotatably mounted on the head of the first screw 43 via a bearing. The first gear 42 and the first screw 43 are coaxially arranged. The first rack 41 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate 7 and extends along the first straight line direction. The top surface of the front bending fixed side plate 6 is provided with a first threaded hole that matches the first screw 43. The first stop block 44 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the front bending fixed side plate 6 and located on the outer periphery of the first threaded hole. The first stop block 44 has a first engaging groove. When the first screw 43 is connected to the first threaded hole, the first gear 42 can engage with the tooth groove of the first rack 41 and the first engaging groove on the first stop block 44 at the same time. At this time, the connection position of the bending adjustment plate 7 and the front bending fixed side plate 6 is relatively fixed and cannot move relative to each other. Correspondingly, when the first screw 43 is not screwed into the first threaded hole, or when the head of the first screw 43 and the first gear 42 are located above the first rack 41 and the first stop block 44, the over-bend adjustment plate 7 can move freely using the second guide mechanism.

[0034] The first rotating mechanism can be implemented using various existing complete structures, such as being directly driven by a rotary cylinder or a motor in conjunction with a transmission system. To ensure structural simplicity and reliability, in some preferred embodiments of this invention, the first rotating mechanism includes a first hinge 51 and a first rotating limiting device. The downstream end of the bending adjustment plate 7 and the upstream end of the first side plate 8 that moves after bending are rotatably connected via the first hinge 51. The first rotating limiting device includes a first limiting plate 52, a second gear 53, and a second screw 54. The first limiting plate 52 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate 7. The first limiting plate 52 has a first arc-shaped through groove 55 arranged around the axis of the first hinge 51. The inner walls of both sides of the first arc-shaped through groove 55 are respectively provided with first toothed slots. The first toothed slots are connected along the arc length direction of the first arc-shaped through groove 55. Continuing the arrangement; the second gear 53 is rotatably mounted on the head of the second screw 54 via a bearing. The second gear 53 and the second screw 54 are coaxially arranged. The top surface of the first side plate 8 that moves after bending is provided with a second threaded hole that matches the second screw 54. When the second screw 54 is connected to the second threaded hole, the second gear 53 can simultaneously engage with the first toothed slots on both sides of the first arc-shaped through groove 55. At this time, the connection position of the bending adjustment plate 7 and the first side plate 8 that moves after bending is relatively fixed and cannot rotate relative to each other. The upper surface of the first limiting plate 52 is provided with a first angle scale on the side of the first arc-shaped through groove 55 to display the connection angle between the first side plate 8 that moves after bending and the bending adjustment plate 7. Correspondingly, when the second screw 54 is not screwed into the second threaded hole, or when the head of the second screw 54 and the second gear 53 are located above the first arc-shaped through groove 55 after screwing in, the first side plate 8 that moves after bending can rotate freely using the first hinge 51. The first angle scale allows for easy and direct reading of the required bend angle θ (i.e., the angle between the second straight line direction and the first straight line direction).

[0035] Similarly, the second rotating mechanism can be implemented using various existing complete structures, such as being directly driven by a rotary cylinder or motor in conjunction with a transmission system. To ensure structural simplicity and reliability, in some preferred embodiments of this invention, the second rotating mechanism includes a second hinge 61 and a second rotation limiting device. The downstream end of the forward-moving side plate 10 and the upstream end of the backward-moving second side plate 9 are rotatably connected via the second hinge 61. The second rotation limiting device includes a second limiting plate 62, a third gear 63, and a third screw 64. The second limiting plate 62 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the forward-moving side plate 10. A second arc-shaped through groove 65 is provided on the second limiting plate 62, surrounding the axis of the second hinge 61. Second toothed slots are respectively provided on the inner walls of both sides of the second arc-shaped through groove 65, and the second toothed slots are connected along the arc length direction of the second arc-shaped through groove 65. Continuing the arrangement; the third gear 63 is rotatably mounted on the head of the third screw 64 via a bearing. The third gear 63 and the third screw 64 are coaxially arranged. The top surface of the second side plate 9, which moves backward, is provided with a third threaded hole that matches the third screw 64. When the third screw 64 is connected to the third threaded hole, the third gear 63 can simultaneously engage with the second toothed slots on both sides of the second arc-shaped through groove 65. At this time, the connection position of the front-moving side plate 10 and the second side plate 9, which moves backward, is relatively fixed and cannot rotate relative to each other. The upper surface of the second limiting plate 62 is provided with a second angle scale on the side of the second arc-shaped through groove 65 to display the connection angle between the second side plate 9, which moves backward, and the front-moving side plate 10. Correspondingly, when the third screw 64 is not screwed into the third threaded hole, or when the head of the third screw 64 and the third gear 63 are located above the second arc-shaped through groove 65, the second side plate 9, which moves backward, can rotate freely using the second hinge 61. The second angle scale allows for easy and direct reading of the required bend angle θ (i.e., the angle between the second straight line direction and the first straight line direction).

[0036] The debris flow slurry test parameters to be measured in this utility model generally include at least the velocity V0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend, the mud level height H0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend, and the maximum climb height H of the debris flow slurry after passing the bend. Correspondingly, a flow velocity detection device and a height measurement device can be provided. To make the structure simple and reliable, in some preferred embodiments of this utility model, the debris flow parameter measurement system includes a flow velocity detection device 70 set at the downstream end of the channel before the bend. The flow velocity detection device 70 includes a fan blade 71, an insulating connecting rod 72, a magnet 73, a rotor 74, a conductive slip ring 75, a brush 76, an insulating tube 77, a wire 78, and a regulator 79. The insulating tube 77 is fixedly installed at the downstream end of the channel before the bend along the width direction of the channel. Multiple fan blades 71 are arranged at intervals around the outer periphery of the insulating tube 77. The fan blades 71 are fixedly connected to the rotor 74 through the insulating connecting rod 72 to form a wheel. The rotor 74 is coaxially set on the insulating tube 77. Inside the rotor 74, the wheel rotates through a bearing coaxially mounted inside the insulating tube 77. The magnet 73 includes a pair of opposite magnets on both sides of the insulating tube 77, and is fixedly arranged around the outer circumference of the insulating tube 77. A coil and conductive slip ring 75 are integrated on the rotor 74. The coil is located within the magnetic field region formed by the magnet 73. Two conductive slip rings 75 are designed and correspond one-to-one with the two ends of the coil. Brushes 76 are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the insulating tube 77 and correspond one-to-one with the conductive slip rings 75. Brushes 76 and conductive slip rings 75 are always in contact. Brushes 76 are connected to the regulator 79 via wires 78 to form a measuring circuit. The specific working principle is as follows: the wheel rotates along with the debris flow slurry, driving the coil on the rotor 74 to cut magnetic lines of force and generate current. The current is transmitted through the conductive slip rings 75, brushes 76, and wires 78 to the regulator 79. The regulator 79 decodes the current to obtain the flow velocity of the debris flow slurry. It is understandable that converting current signals into digital signals of flow velocity is a conventional technique. The insulating tube 77 can be installed using an independent fixing bracket or fixed integrally with the side plate of the trench. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the insulating tube 77 is fixed integrally with the pre-bend moving side plate 10. In a further preferred embodiment, the design height of the insulating tube 77 should take into account the liquid level of the debris flow slurry to prevent the debris flow slurry from entering the insulating tube 77. Only a portion of the fan blade 71 needs to be located within the debris flow slurry, thus eliminating the need for additional sealing measures. Of course, in some alternative embodiments, a sealing end cap can be added to the end of the insulating tube 77, with only a portion of the shaft in the area where the fan blade 71 is located passing through the center of the sealing end cap.

[0037] To ensure a simple and reliable structure, in some other preferred embodiments of this utility model, the height measuring device in the debris flow parameter measurement system adopts the following scheme: the height measuring device specifically includes a first height scale 81, a second height scale 82, and a camera 83. Both the first and second side plates of the channel are made of tempered glass to facilitate the camera 83 in clearly recording the internal conditions of the channel from the side. The first height scale 81 is located at the downstream end of the pre-bend moving side plate 10, and the second height scale 82 is located at the upstream end of the post-bend moving first side plate 8. The first height scale 81 and the second height scale 82 are respectively equipped with cameras 83 for recording their height measurements.

[0038] To make the structure more reliable and facilitate debris flow slurry recovery, in some other preferred embodiments of this utility model, energy dissipation devices 90 are respectively installed on the inner side of the channel at the downstream end of the first moving side plate 8 and the downstream end of the second moving side plate 9 after the bend. The energy dissipation device 90 includes a perforated plate 92 and a torsion spring. The perforated plate 92 is rotatably arranged in the channel after the bend through a rigid rotating shaft 91 and a bearing. The axis of the rigid rotating shaft 91 is horizontally arranged along the width direction of the channel after the bend, and the length direction of the perforated plate 92 is extended along the width direction of the channel after the bend. The rigid rotating shaft 91 is fixedly arranged on the perforated plate 92, and the torsion spring is connected between the rigid rotating shaft 91 and the rotating mating surface of the inner side of the channel. When the torsion spring is in its natural state, the perforated plate 92 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bottom plate 1 of the channel. The perforated plate 92, supported by a torsion spring, can reduce most of the impact energy of the debris flow slurry. The several holes provided on the perforated plate 92 can facilitate the discharge of the debris flow slurry and prevent the debris flow slurry from accumulating or backfilling, which would affect the experiment.

[0039] It is understandable that those skilled in the art can use various temporary sealing measures to seal any gaps that may exist within the trench, such as applying waterproof tape. To make the anti-leakage structure more reliable, in some other preferred embodiments of this utility model, water-swellable adhesive strips 11 are fixedly provided on the lower end face of the bending adjustment plate 7, the lower end face of the first side plate 8 that moves after bending, the lower end face of the side plate 10 that moves before bending, and the lower end face of the second side plate 9 that moves after bending. The water-swellable adhesive strip 11 is a conventional accessory that expands when exposed to water and shrinks when it loses water. In this utility model, it is mainly used to seal the gaps at the bottom of the trench to prevent mudflow slurry from seeping out from the bottom gaps during the test. A water-blocking strip 12 is provided at the vertical joint between the upstream end of the bending adjustment plate 7 and the downstream end of the pre-bend fixed side plate 6 to ensure that the inner surface of the channel at the connection between the bending adjustment plate 7 and the pre-bend fixed side plate 6 is a sealed structure. The gap at this point is relatively small compared to the bottom gap and experiences relatively less impact; therefore, a conventional bottom gap is sufficient to achieve good grout leakage prevention. The water-blocking strip 12 is generally made of rubber, utilizing the compressive force generated by its elastic deformation to fill the gap. The joints in the areas where the first and second rotating mechanisms are located are respectively covered with waterproof tape to ensure that the inner surface of the channel at the connection between the bending adjustment plate 7 and the post-bend moving first side plate 8, and the inner surface of the channel at the connection between the pre-bend moving side plate 10 and the post-bend moving second side plate 9, are both sealed structures. Covering the joints in the areas where the first and second rotating mechanisms are located with waterproof tape facilitates repeated implementation. When adjusting the angle later, the original waterproof tape needs to be removed, and after adjustment, new, unused waterproof tape is pasted into the gap.

[0040] To make the overall structure more reliable, in some preferred embodiments of this utility model, a channel front end plate 15 is fixedly provided on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1 at the upstream end of the channel, and a water-blocking strip 12 is provided at the vertical joint between the upstream end of the bend-forward moving side plate 10 and the channel front end plate 15, so that the upstream end of the channel is a closed structure. In some alternative embodiments, the vertical joint between the upstream end of the bend-forward moving side plate 10 and the channel front end plate 15 can also be sealed with a water-swellable strip 11.

[0041] To facilitate the uniform introduction of debris flow slurry, the channel front end plate 15 is provided with multiple feed inlets 16 evenly spaced along the width of the channel. To further facilitate the introduction of debris flow slurry and the adjustment of initial parameters, in some preferred embodiments of this invention, the debris flow slurry input system includes a variable frequency speed-regulating centrifugal pump 21, a discharge main pipe 22, a feed pipe 23, and a material preparation tank 24. The feed end of the variable frequency speed-regulating centrifugal pump 21 is connected to the material preparation tank 24 via the feed pipe 23, and the discharge end of the variable frequency speed-regulating centrifugal pump 21 is connected to the discharge main pipe 22. A regulating valve 25 is provided at one end of the discharge main pipe 22 near the variable frequency speed-regulating centrifugal pump 21. The discharge main pipe 22 is connected to the feed inlets 16 of the channel front end plate 15 via multiple openable and closable discharge branch pipes 26, with each discharge branch pipe 26 corresponding to one of the feed inlets 16 of the channel front end plate 15. The openable / closeable function of the discharge branch pipe 26 can be implemented in various ways. For example, the discharge branch pipe 26 can be a fixed rigid pipe, with a shut-off valve installed on it, or a removable plug installed at the inlet 16. Alternatively, the discharge branch pipe 26 can be a reusable corrugated pipe, with a branch pipe connection port matching the discharge branch pipe 26 pre-reserved on the main discharge pipe 22, and a removable plug installed at the branch pipe connection port or at the inlet 16. In some preferred embodiments of this utility model, the main discharge pipe 22 can generally be a steel pipe, the inlet pipe 23 and the discharge branch pipe 26 can generally be corrugated pipes, and the regulating valve 25 can generally be a ball valve. By using the variable frequency speed control function of the variable frequency centrifugal pump 21 and adjusting the opening and closing degree of the regulating valve 25, the input amount and speed of the debris flow slurry can be controlled, providing power for the movement of the debris flow slurry into the channel. In some other preferred embodiments, the debris flow slurry recovery tank 27 can be connected to the feed pipe 23 to initiate a secondary test and achieve recycling. In some alternative embodiments, the debris flow slurry recovery tank 27 can be connected to the material preparation tank 24 through an additional conveying system to achieve secondary utilization of the debris flow slurry.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the specific testing includes the following steps: Step 1, Preparation Stage: The above-mentioned debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device is pre-assembled. According to the test requirements, the stepper motor 34 drives the lead screw 32 to rotate, which in turn drives the pre-bend moving side plate 10 to move, adjusting the width B of the downstream end of the pre-bend channel. The first chute 2 located in the channel is fitted with a chute cover plate. Then, the first screw 43, the second screw 54, and the third screw 64 are loosened. Using the second translation mechanism, the first rotation mechanism, and the second rotation mechanism, the bending angle θ (i.e., the angle between the second straight direction and the first straight direction) and the position of the curve adjustment plate are adjusted. Set the channel to ensure that the width of the channel after the bend is the same as the width of the downstream end of the channel before the bend. After adjustment, tighten the first screw 43, the second screw 54 and the third screw 64. Then check and confirm that the channel is in a closed state. If there are gaps in the flow surface of the channel, seal them with waterproof tape. Use the electric telescopic leg 13 to make the slope i of the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1 the set value. According to the width arrangement of the upstream end of the channel before the bend, make the discharge branch pipe 26 corresponding to the inlet 16 in the channel open and the other discharge branch pipes 26 closed. Step 2, Experimental Stage: Prepared debris flow slurry is input into the front end of the channel using a debris flow slurry input system. The bulk density of the debris flow slurry is γ. Then, the experimental parameters of the debris flow slurry are measured and recorded in real time using a debris flow parameter measurement system. These parameters include the velocity V0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend (measured by a velocity detection device located at the downstream end of the channel before the bend), the mud level height H0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend (measured by camera 83 in conjunction with the first height scale 81), and the maximum climb height H of the debris flow slurry after passing the bend (measured by camera 83 in conjunction with the second height scale 82). After energy dissipation, the debris flow slurry enters the debris flow slurry recovery tank 27. Once the experiment is completed, the data recorded by the debris flow parameter measurement system is read and processed. Step 3, Progressive Testing: Clean the channel thoroughly and redesign the test, such as adjusting the width B and bend angle of the downstream end of the channel before the bend. θ The design parameters, such as the velocity V0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend, are then repeated in steps one and two.

[0043] After numerous experiments, multiple sets of data were obtained and fitted. H=f (H 0 , γ, θ, V 0 (B, i) The function is used to study the maximum climb height law of debris flow bends.

[0044] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0045] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device, comprising a debris flow slurry input system, a channel simulation system, a debris flow parameter measurement system, and a debris flow slurry recovery tank (27), wherein the channel simulation system comprises a channel and a channel support device, the discharge end of the debris flow slurry input system is connected to the front end of the channel, and the inlet end of the debris flow slurry recovery tank (27) is connected to the end of the channel, the channel comprises a channel bottom plate (1), a channel first side plate, and a channel second side plate, the channel bottom plate (1) being supported and fixed by the channel support device, characterized in that, The first side plate of the channel includes a fixed side plate (6) before the bend, a bend adjustment plate (7) and a movable first side plate (8) after the bend. The second side plate of the channel includes a movable side plate (10) before the bend and a movable second side plate (9) after the bend. The fixed side plate (6) before the bend is vertically fixed to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1). The fixed side plate (6) before the bend and the movable side plate (10) before the bend are symmetrically arranged with respect to the vertical plane of the center of the channel width direction. The fixed side plate (6) before the bend, the movable side plate (10) before the bend and the channel bottom plate (1) are used to form a bend section channel extending along the first straight line direction. The movable side plate (10) before the bend is set on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1) through a first translation mechanism. The first translation mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the fixed side plate (6) before the bend and the movable side plate (10) before the bend in the channel width direction. The upstream end of the bend adjustment plate (7) is connected to the fixed side plate before the bend. The downstream ends of the plate (6) are aligned and connected. The bend adjustment plate (7) is equipped with a second translation mechanism so that the bend adjustment plate (7) can reciprocate along the first straight direction relative to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1). The bend-after moving first side plate (8), the bend-after moving second side plate (9) and the channel bottom plate (1) are used to form a bend-after section channel extending along the second straight direction. The downstream end of the bend adjustment plate (7) and the upstream end of the bend-after moving first side plate (8) are connected by a first rotation mechanism. The downstream end of the bend-before moving side plate (10) and the upstream end of the bend-after moving second side plate (9) are connected by a second rotation mechanism. The cooperation of the first rotation mechanism and the second rotation mechanism makes the second straight direction have a set angle relative to the first straight direction. The second translation mechanism makes the width of the bend-after section channel the same as the width of the downstream end of the bend-before section channel.

2. The debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bend-front channel includes a bend-front straight channel one, a bend-front duct channel and a bend-front straight channel two arranged sequentially from the upstream end of the channel to the downstream end of the channel. The width of the bend-front straight channel two is smaller than the width of the bend-front straight channel one. The channel support device includes multiple electric telescopic legs (13) arranged vertically along the axis. The top of the electric telescopic legs (13) is hinged to the bottom of the channel bottom plate (1) so that the slope of the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1) can be adjusted.

3. The debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first translation mechanism includes a first guide mechanism, a screw and nut transmission mechanism, and a power mechanism. Multiple sets of the first guide mechanisms are arranged at intervals along the first straight line. Each set of the first guide mechanisms includes a first guide wheel and a first slide groove (2) set on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1). The first slide groove (2) extends along the width direction of the channel before the bend. The first guide wheel is set in the first slide groove (2) and can move along the length direction of the first slide groove (2). The first guide wheel includes a first fixed shaft (36). The upper end of the first fixed shaft (36) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the moving side plate (10) before the bend. Two first rolling bearings (37) are provided on the first fixed shaft (36) and rotate around its axis. The inner side wall of the first slide groove (2) has a protruding first guide rail (3). The two first rolling bearings (37) are respectively connected to the first guide rail. (3) The upper surface and the upper surface form a rolling fit. The upper end of the first groove (2) is equipped with a detachable groove cover plate. Multiple groove cover plates are independently set along the length direction of the first groove (2). The screw nut transmission mechanism includes a nut plate (31), a screw (32) and a support plate (33). The support plate (33) is fixed relative to the bottom plate (1) of the channel. The screw (32) is rotatably set on the support plate (33) through a bearing. The axis of the screw (32) extends along the width direction of the channel before the bend. The nut plate (31) and the screw (32) are threaded together. The nut plate (31) is fixedly set on the top of the moving side plate (10) before the bend. The power mechanism includes a stepper motor (34). The output shaft of the stepper motor (34) is connected to the screw (32) through the transmission mechanism to drive the screw (32) to rotate.

4. The debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bend adjustment plate (7) is set on the outside of the fixed side plate (6) before the bend. The second translation mechanism includes a second guide mechanism and a telescopic limiting device. The second guide mechanism includes a second guide wheel and a second slide groove (5) set on the upper surface of the bottom plate (1) of the channel. The second slide groove (5) extends along the first straight line direction. The second guide wheel is set in the second slide groove (5) and can move along the length direction of the second slide groove (5). Multiple second guide wheels are arranged at intervals along the first straight line direction. The second guide wheel includes a second fixed shaft. The upper end of the second fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the bend adjustment plate (7). Two second rolling bearings are set on the second fixed shaft and rotate around its axis. The inner side wall of the second slide groove has a protruding second guide rail. The two second rolling bearings form a rolling fit with the upper surface and the upper surface of the second guide rail, respectively. The telescopic limiting device includes a first rack ( 41) First gear (42), first screw (43) and first stop block (44). The first gear (42) is rotatably mounted on the head of the first screw (43) via a bearing. The first gear (42) and the first screw (43) are coaxially mounted. The first rack (41) is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate (7) and extends along the first straight line direction. The top surface of the bending front fixed side plate (6) is provided with a first threaded hole that matches the first screw (43). The first stop block (44) is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the bending front fixed side plate (6) and located on the outer periphery of the first threaded hole. The first stop block (44) has a first engagement groove. When the first screw (43) is connected to the first threaded hole, the first gear (42) can engage with the tooth groove of the first rack (41) and the first engagement groove on the first stop block (44) at the same time.

5. The debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first rotating mechanism includes a first hinge (51) and a first rotating limiting device. The downstream end of the bending adjustment plate (7) and the upstream end of the first side plate (8) that moves after bending are rotatably connected by the first hinge (51). The first rotating limiting device includes a first limiting plate (52), a second gear (53), and a second screw (54). The first limiting plate (52) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate (7). The first limiting plate (52) is provided with a first arc-shaped through groove (55) arranged around the axis of the first hinge (51). The inner walls on both sides of the first arc-shaped through groove (55) are respectively provided with first toothed slots. The first toothed slots are arranged along the first arc-shaped through groove (55). The arc length direction of the first side plate (8) is continuously arranged; the second gear (53) is rotatably set on the head of the second screw (54) through the bearing. The second gear (53) and the second screw (54) are coaxially arranged. The top surface of the first side plate (8) after bending is provided with a second threaded hole that matches the second screw (54). When the second screw (54) is connected to the second threaded hole, the second gear (53) can simultaneously engage with the first toothed slots on both sides of the first arc-shaped through groove (55); the upper surface of the first limiting plate (52) is provided with a first angle scale for displaying the connection angle between the first side plate (8) after bending and the bending adjustment plate (7) on the side of the first arc-shaped through groove (55); The second rotating mechanism includes a second hinge (61) and a second rotating limiting device. The downstream end of the forward moving side plate (10) and the upstream end of the backward moving second side plate (9) are rotatably connected by the second hinge (61). The second rotating limiting device includes a second limiting plate (62), a third gear (63), and a third screw (64). The second limiting plate (62) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the forward moving side plate (10). The second limiting plate (62) is provided with a second arc-shaped through groove (65) arranged around the axis of the second hinge (61). The inner walls on both sides of the second arc-shaped through groove (65) are respectively provided with second toothed slots. The second toothed slots are arranged along the second arc-shaped through groove (61). 5) The arc length direction is continuously arranged; the third gear (63) is rotatably set on the head of the third screw (64) through the bearing. The third gear (63) and the third screw (64) are coaxially arranged. The top surface of the second side plate (9) after bending is provided with a third threaded hole that matches the third screw (64). When the third screw (64) is connected to the third threaded hole, the third gear (63) can simultaneously engage with the second toothed slots on both sides of the second arc-shaped through groove (65). The upper surface of the second limiting plate (62) is provided with a second angle scale for displaying the connection angle between the second side plate (9) after bending and the side plate (10) before bending on the side of the second arc-shaped through groove (65).

6. The debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The debris flow parameter measurement system includes a velocity detection device (70) installed at the downstream end of the bend-front section of the channel. The velocity detection device (70) includes a fan blade (71), an insulating connecting rod (72), a magnet (73), a rotor (74), a conductive slip ring (75), a brush (76), an insulating tube (77), a wire (78), and a regulator (79). The insulating tube (77) is fixedly installed at the downstream end of the bend-front section of the channel along the width direction. Multiple fan blades (71) are arranged at intervals around the outer periphery of the insulating tube (77). The fan blades (71) are fixedly connected to the rotor (74) through the insulating connecting rod (72) to form a wheel. The rotor (74) is coaxially installed inside the insulating tube (77). The bearing inside the insulating tube (77) forms a rotatable connection with the insulating tube (77); the magnet (73) includes a pair of opposite magnets on both sides of the insulating tube (77), and the magnet (73) is fixedly arranged around the outer circumference of the insulating tube (77); the rotor (74) is fixedly integrated with a coil and a conductive slip ring (75), the coil is located in the magnetic field area formed by the magnet (73), there are two conductive slip rings (75) and they correspond one to one end of the coil; the brush (76) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the insulating tube (77) and it corresponds one to one of the conductive slip rings (75). The brush (76) and the conductive slip ring (75) always maintain contact. The brush (76) is connected to the regulator (79) through the wire (78) to form a measuring circuit.

7. The debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The debris flow parameter measurement system includes a height measuring device. Both the first and second side panels of the channel are made of tempered glass. The height measuring device includes a first height scale (81), a second height scale (82), and a camera (83). The first height scale (81) is located at the downstream end of the moving side panel (10) before the bend, and the second height scale (82) is located at the upstream end of the moving first side panel (8) after the bend. The first height scale (81) and the second height scale (82) are respectively equipped with cameras (83) for recording their height measurement values.

8. The debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Energy dissipation devices (90) are installed on the inner side of the channel at the downstream end of the first side plate (8) and the downstream end of the second side plate (9) after the bend. The energy dissipation device includes a grid plate (92) and a torsion spring. The grid plate (92) is rotatably installed in the channel after the bend through a rigid shaft (91) and a bearing. The axis of the rigid shaft (91) is horizontally arranged along the width direction of the channel after the bend. The length direction of the grid plate (92) is extended along the width direction of the channel after the bend. The rigid shaft (91) is fixedly installed on the grid plate (92). The torsion spring is connected between the rigid shaft (91) and the rotation mating surface of the inner side of the channel. When the torsion spring is in its natural state, the grid plate (92) is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bottom plate (1) of the channel.

9. The debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Water-swellable rubber strips (11) are fixedly installed on the lower end face of the bending adjustment plate (7), the lower end face of the first side plate (8) moving after bending, the lower end face of the side plate (10) moving before bending, and the lower end face of the second side plate (9) moving after bending. Water-blocking rubber strips (12) are provided on the vertical joint between the upstream end of the bending adjustment plate (7) and the downstream end of the fixed side plate (6) moving before bending, so that the inner side of the channel of the connection between the bending adjustment plate (7) and the fixed side plate (6) moving before bending is a sealed structure. The joint gaps in the areas where the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism are located are covered by waterproof tape, so that the inner side of the channel of the connection between the bending adjustment plate (7) and the first side plate (8) moving after bending, and the inner side of the channel of the connection between the side plate (10) moving before bending and the second side plate (9) moving after bending are both sealed structures.

10. The debris flow bend climbing motion simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1) is fixedly provided with a channel front end plate (15) at the upstream end of the channel. The vertical joint between the upstream end of the bend-moving side plate (10) and the channel front end plate (15) is provided with a water-blocking strip (12) so that the upstream end of the channel is a closed structure. The channel front end plate (15) has multiple feed inlets (16) evenly spaced along the width direction of the channel. The debris flow slurry input system includes a variable frequency speed control centrifugal pump (21), a discharge main pipe (22), a feed pipe (23), and a material preparation tank (24). The feed end of the variable frequency speed control centrifugal pump (21) is connected to the material preparation tank (24) through the feed pipe (23). The discharge end of the variable frequency speed control centrifugal pump (21) is connected to the discharge main pipe (22), and a regulating valve (25) is provided at the end of the discharge main pipe (22) near the variable frequency speed control centrifugal pump (21). The discharge main pipe (22) is connected to the feed inlet (16) of the front end plate (15) of the channel through multiple openable and closable discharge branch pipes (26). The discharge branch pipes (26) correspond one-to-one with the feed inlet (16) of the front end plate (15) of the channel.

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