A power supply device and an electric two-wheeled vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of power supply device and electric two-wheeled vehicle, applied to power supply technical field, to solve the problem that power supply device in prior art cannot continuously power when battery fails, specifically includes power path switching module works at first on or second on state;Wherein, first on state is the connection of main battery module and external low-voltage load and external high-voltage load, second on state is the connection of spare battery module and external low-voltage load;Voltage acquisition module collects the output voltage of main battery module;When the output voltage of main battery module is lower than preset threshold, control module controls power path switching module to switch from first on state to second on state.In this way, voltage acquisition module and control module constitute closed-loop monitoring system, ensure to complete seamless switching in main battery failure moment, avoid the electronic system paralysis of whole vehicle, realize accurate power protection under emergency scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power supply technology, and in particular to a power supply device and an electric two-wheeled vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, the safety design and comprehensive protection system of power batteries, as the core component of electric two-wheelers, have become a key focus of the industry. Power battery systems not only need to provide stable power output but also must ensure safety at multiple levels, including mechanical structure, material properties, and electronic control. Regarding mechanical structural safety, battery packs must have safety vent valves, short-circuit protection designs, and thermal runaway isolation structures to prevent serious safety accidents under abnormal operating conditions. In terms of material safety, key materials such as the positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator must possess good thermal stability and flame-retardant properties to reduce the risk of thermal runaway. Simultaneously, the battery management system (BMS), as the core control unit for battery safety, must have functions such as overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, short circuit, and temperature protection to monitor and ensure the normal operation of the battery in real time. Power batteries also need to pass a series of rigorous standard tests to verify their safety performance under extreme conditions. Currently, existing battery-powered devices typically rely on the BMS to directly cut off the output circuit for protection when faced with abnormal conditions such as reduced insulation withstand voltage, overheating, or short circuits. While this method can prevent the fault from escalating to some extent, it may lead to power outages in certain scenarios, affecting the continuity and reliability of system operation, and thus failing to meet the application requirements for continuous and stable power supply. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model provides a power supply device and an electric two-wheeler to solve the problem that existing power supply devices cannot provide continuous power when the battery fails.

[0004] The technical solution provided by this utility model embodiment is as follows: On the one hand, the present invention provides a power supply device, including: a main battery module, a backup battery module, a power path switching module, a voltage acquisition module, and a control module; The output terminal of the main battery module is connected to the first input terminal of the power path switching module, and the output terminal of the backup battery module is connected to the second input terminal of the power path switching module; the first output terminal of the power path switching module is connected to an external low-voltage load, the second output terminal of the power path switching module is connected to an external high-voltage load, and the control terminal of the power path switching module is connected to the first output terminal of the control module; the input terminal of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the output terminal of the main battery module, and the output terminal of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the first input terminal of the control module. The main battery module is used to power both external low-voltage and external high-voltage loads; The backup battery module is used to power external low-voltage loads; The power path switching module is used to operate in a first on state or a second on state; wherein, the first on state connects the main battery module to the external low-voltage load and the external high-voltage load, and the second on state connects the backup battery module to the external low-voltage load. The voltage acquisition module is used to acquire the output voltage of the main battery module; The control module is used to control the power path switching module to switch from the first on state to the second on state when the output voltage of the main battery module is lower than a preset threshold.

[0005] Optionally, the main battery module includes: a power supply battery module and at least two DC-DC power converters; wherein the DC-DC power converters are interleaved in operation; Each DC-DC power converter is connected in parallel in the same direction to form a power conversion module group. The positive input terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply battery module, the negative input terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to the negative output terminal of the power supply battery module, the positive output terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to the first input terminal of the power path switching module, and the negative output terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to ground.

[0006] Optionally, the power supply battery module includes: multiple first batteries; Multiple first batteries are connected in parallel to form a first battery pack. The positive terminal of the first battery pack is connected to the positive input terminal of the power conversion module group, and the negative terminal of the first battery pack is connected to the negative input terminal of the power conversion module group.

[0007] Optionally, the power supply battery module may also include: multiple second batteries and battery pack switching circuits; Multiple second batteries are connected in series to form a second battery pack. The positive terminal of the second battery pack is connected to the first input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit, and the negative terminal of the second battery pack is connected to the second input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit. The third input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery pack, and the fourth input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the first battery pack; the first output terminal of the battery pack switching circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the power path switching module, the second output terminal of the battery pack switching circuit is connected to ground, and the control terminal of the battery pack switching circuit is connected to the second output terminal of the control module.

[0008] Optionally, the power path switching module includes: a first MOSFET and a second MOSFET; The source of the first MOSFET is connected to the output terminal of the main battery module, and the drain of the first MOSFET is connected to both the external low-voltage load and the external high-voltage load. The gate of the first MOSFET is connected to the control module. The source of the second MOSFET is connected to the output terminal of the backup battery module, and the drain of the second MOSFET is connected to the external low-voltage load. The gate of the second MOSFET is connected to the control module.

[0009] Optionally, the power supply device may also include: a first insulation detection module and a second insulation detection module; The input terminal of the first insulation detection module is connected to the input terminal of the power conversion module group, and the output terminal of the first insulation detection module is connected to the control module; the first insulation detection module is used to detect the high-voltage side insulation resistance of the power conversion module group. The input terminal of the second insulation detection module is connected to the output terminal of the power conversion module group, and the output terminal of the second insulation detection module is connected to the control module; the second insulation detection module is used to detect the low-voltage side insulation resistance of the power conversion module group.

[0010] Optionally, the first insulation detection module includes: a first Hall current sensor and a first signal conditioning circuit; The primary side of the first Hall current sensor is mounted on the wiring between the power conversion module group and the power supply battery module. The secondary side of the first Hall current sensor is connected to the input terminal of the first signal conditioning circuit, and the output terminal of the first signal conditioning circuit is connected to the control module.

[0011] Optionally, the second insulation detection module includes: a second Hall current sensor, a second signal conditioning circuit, and a balancing resistor; The positive output terminal of the power conversion module is also connected to ground via a balancing resistor. The primary side of the second Hall current sensor is fitted onto the connection between the balancing resistor and ground. The secondary side of the second Hall current sensor is connected to the input terminal of the second signal conditioning circuit. The output terminal of the second signal conditioning circuit is connected to the control module.

[0012] Optionally, the power supply unit may also include: a digital isolator; The first input terminal of the digital isolator is connected to the output terminal of the first insulation detection module, the second input terminal of the digital isolator is connected to the output terminal of the second insulation detection module, and the output terminal of the digital isolator is connected to the control module.

[0013] On the other hand, this utility model embodiment provides an electric two-wheeled vehicle, including: the aforementioned power supply device, battery management system, and motor; The first output terminal of the power supply device is connected to the power supply terminal of the battery management system, and the second output terminal of the power supply device is connected to the motor.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model embodiment are as follows: In this embodiment of the invention, the power path switching module in the power supply device has two connection states. Under normal operating conditions, the main battery module supplies power to all external loads. When the output voltage of the main battery detected by the voltage acquisition module is lower than a preset threshold, the control module immediately triggers a switch to the backup battery module power supply mode, supplying power only to external low-voltage loads. This design eliminates the need for the backup battery to bear high-voltage loads, significantly reducing its capacity requirements and self-consumption, and extending emergency driving time. At the same time, the voltage acquisition module and the control module form a closed-loop monitoring system to ensure seamless switching at the moment of main battery failure, avoiding the paralysis of the vehicle's electronic system and achieving precise power supply in emergency scenarios.

[0015] Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, serve to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the power supply device in this utility model embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the power supply device in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the power supply device in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the power supply device in this utility model embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth structure of the power supply device in this utility model embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sixth structure of the power supply device in this utility model embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the seventh structure of the power supply device in this utility model embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the eighth structure of the power supply device in the embodiments of this utility model; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric two-wheeled vehicle in the embodiment of this utility model.

[0017] Icons: 100 - Power supply unit; 110 - Main battery module; 111 - Power supply battery module; 112 - DC-DC power converter; 113 - First battery; 114 - First battery pack; 115 - Second battery; 116 - Battery pack switching circuit; 117 - Second battery pack; 120 - Backup battery module; 130 - Power path switching module; 140 - Voltage acquisition module; 150 - Control module; 160 - First insulation detection module; 161 - First Hall current sensor; 162 - First signal conditioning circuit; 170 - Second insulation detection module; 171 - Second Hall current sensor; 172 - Second signal conditioning circuit; 180 - Digital isolator; Q1 - First MOSFET; Q2 - Second MOSFET; R - Balancing resistor; 200 - Electric two-wheeler; 210 - Battery management system; 220 - Motor. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0019] This utility model embodiment provides a power supply device, see reference. Figure 1 As shown, the power supply device 100 includes at least: a main battery module 110, a backup battery module 120, a power path switching module 130, a voltage acquisition module 140, and a control module 150; The output terminal of the main battery module 110 is connected to the first input terminal of the power path switching module 130, and the output terminal of the backup battery module 120 is connected to the second input terminal of the power path switching module 130; the first output terminal of the power path switching module 130 is connected to an external low-voltage load, the second output terminal of the power path switching module 130 is connected to an external high-voltage load, and the control terminal of the power path switching module 130 is connected to the first output terminal of the control module 150; the input terminal of the voltage acquisition module 140 is connected to the output terminal of the main battery module 110, and the output terminal of the voltage acquisition module 140 is connected to the first input terminal of the control module 150. The main battery module 110 is used to power external low-voltage loads and external high-voltage loads; Backup battery module 120 is used to supply power to external low-voltage loads; The power path switching module 130 is used to operate in a first on state or a second on state; wherein, the first on state connects the main battery module 110 to the external low-voltage load and the external high-voltage load, and the second on state connects the backup battery module 120 to the external low-voltage load. Voltage acquisition module 140 is used to acquire the output voltage of main battery module 110; The control module 150 is used to control the power path switching module 130 to switch from the first on state to the second on state when the output voltage of the main battery module 110 is lower than a preset threshold.

[0020] exist Figure 1In the power supply device 100 shown, the main battery module 110 is the conventional power supply unit of the power supply device 100, and its core function is to provide stable power to external low-voltage loads and external high-voltage loads. The external low-voltage loads are mainly used for core functions such as control, monitoring, and communication, and can be control devices, sensors, and alarm devices in the powered system. The external high-voltage loads are devices such as drive motors and high-power actuators in the powered system. The main battery module 110 has an output voltage of 48V-72V and can use lithium-ion batteries. The backup battery module 120 is the backup energy source of the power supply device 100, used to maintain the operation of the core low-voltage loads in emergency situations for a preset time, typically 30 minutes. The backup battery module 120 is a redundant backup module of the power supply device 100, supplying power only to external low-voltage loads. The output voltage of the backup battery module 120 is typically 12V or 5V, and the backup battery module 120 usually uses a battery type with high reliability and low self-discharge rate; lithium iron phosphate batteries can be selected for the backup battery module 120. The power path switching module 130 is the core actuator for performing power switching actions, operating in either a first on-state or a second on-state. The first on-state is the normal operating state. In this state, the connection paths between the main battery module 110 and the external low-voltage and high-voltage loads are established, while the connection to the backup battery module 120 is disconnected. All loads are powered by the main battery module 110. The second on-state is the standby operating state. In this state, all connections to the main battery module 110 are disconnected, while only the connection path between the backup battery module 120 and the external low-voltage load is established. Only the external low-voltage load is powered by the backup battery module 120. The voltage acquisition module 140 can be composed of high-precision voltage divider resistors and an analog-to-digital converter, converting analog voltage signals into digital signals for processing by the control module 150. The control module 150 is typically implemented using a microcontroller, digital signal processor, or programmable logic device. The core function of the control module 150 is to continuously receive the output voltage from the main battery module 110 acquired by the voltage acquisition module 140. The output voltage of the main battery module 110 is compared with an internally stored preset threshold. The preset threshold is a safety voltage lower limit pre-set based on the discharge characteristics of the main battery module 110 and the minimum operating voltage requirement of the load. When the output voltage of the main battery module 110 is higher than or equal to the preset threshold, the main power supply operates normally, and the control module 150 maintains the power path switching module 130 in the first on state. When the output voltage of the main battery module 110 is lower than the preset threshold, the main power supply may have been depleted, malfunctioned, or the load may have caused voltage collapse. At this time, the control module 150 outputs a control signal to switch the power path switching module 130 from the first on state to the second on state.

[0021] In this way, the power path switching module 130 in the power supply device 100 has two connection states. Under normal operating conditions, the main battery module 110 supplies power to all external loads. When the output voltage of the main battery detected by the voltage acquisition module 140 is lower than a preset threshold, the control module 150 immediately triggers the switch to the backup battery module 120 power supply mode, which only supplies power to external low-voltage loads. This design eliminates the need for the backup battery to bear high-voltage loads, significantly reducing its capacity requirements and self-consumption, and extending emergency driving time. At the same time, the voltage acquisition module 140 and the control module 150 form a closed-loop monitoring system to ensure seamless switching at the moment of main battery failure, avoiding the paralysis of the vehicle's electronic system and achieving precise power supply in emergency scenarios.

[0022] In practical implementation, the main battery module in the power supply device has various structures to achieve its function; see [reference needed]. Figure 2 As shown, the main battery module 110 may include: a power supply battery module 111 and at least two DC-DC power converters 112; wherein the DC-DC power converters 112 are interleaved in operation. Each DC-DC power converter 112 is connected in parallel in the same direction to form a power conversion module group. The positive input terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply battery module 111, the negative input terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to the negative output terminal of the power supply battery module 111, the positive output terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to the first input terminal of the power path switching module 130, and the negative output terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to ground.

[0023] exist Figure 2 In the power supply device 100 shown, the power conversion module group consists of at least two DC-DC power converters 112 connected in parallel in the same direction. The output terminals of each DC-DC power converter 112 share a common positive and negative value to form the power conversion module group. The positive output terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to the first input terminal of the power path switching module 130, and the negative output terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to ground. The control signal for the interleaved conduction of each DC-DC power converter 112 is generated by the control module 150 and synchronized to the gate of the switching transistor of each DC-DC power converter 112 through the isolation drive line. Each DC-DC power converter 112 conducts sequentially with a fixed phase difference at the same switching frequency, increasing the input current ripple frequency to n times the original frequency, thereby reducing the output voltage ripple. The power supply battery module 111 can provide energy to the power conversion module group through a low-impedance bus, and the power conversion module group outputs a stable DC voltage.

[0024] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 3 As shown, the power supply battery module includes: multiple first batteries 113; Multiple first batteries 113 are connected in parallel to form a first battery pack 114. The positive terminal of the first battery pack 114 is connected to the positive input terminal of the power conversion module group, and the negative terminal of the first battery pack 114 is connected to the negative input terminal of the power conversion module group.

[0025] exist Figure 3 In the power supply device 100 shown, the first battery 113 can be a lithium battery. The positive terminals of multiple first batteries 113 together form the positive terminal of the first battery pack 114, which is connected to the positive input terminal of the power conversion module group; the negative terminals of multiple first batteries 113 together form the negative terminal of the first battery pack 114, which is connected to the negative input terminal of the power conversion module group. The parallel structure ensures that the voltage of each first battery 113 remains consistent, the total capacity is the sum of the individual capacities of each first battery 113, and the total internal resistance of the first battery pack 114 is the parallel value of the internal resistances of each first battery 113. When one first battery 113 experiences an open circuit or capacity decay, the other first batteries 113 continue to provide current, ensuring that the overall output of the first battery pack 114 is uninterrupted. The use of the parallel structure significantly increases the total capacity and power supply durability of the battery pack.

[0026] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 4 As shown, the power supply battery module also includes: multiple second batteries 115 and a battery pack switching circuit 116; Multiple second batteries 115 are connected in series to form a second battery pack 117. The positive terminal of the second battery pack 117 is connected to the first input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit 116, and the negative terminal of the second battery pack 117 is connected to the second input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit 116. The third input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit 116 is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery pack 114, and the fourth input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit 116 is connected to the negative terminal of the first battery pack 114; the first output terminal of the battery pack switching circuit 116 is connected to the first input terminal of the power path switching module 130, the second output terminal of the battery pack switching circuit 116 is connected to ground, and the control terminal of the battery pack switching circuit 116 is connected to the second output terminal of the control module 150.

[0027] exist Figure 4In the power supply device 100 shown, to adapt to different power demands of external high-voltage loads, such as the high-capacity demand for long-duration operation of motor loads and the demand for accelerated operation of motor loads, the main battery module 110 may also include a battery pack switching circuit 116 and a second battery pack 117 composed of multiple second batteries 115 connected in series. The type of the second battery 115 is the same as that of the first battery 113. Multiple second batteries 115 connected in series can obtain a higher voltage. The battery pack switching circuit 116 includes two input channels and one output channel. The first input channel is connected to the positive and negative output terminals of the second battery pack 117, the second input channel is connected to the positive and negative output terminals of the first battery pack 114, and the output channel is connected to the input terminal of the power path switching module 130. The first and second input channels are equipped with MOSFETs or relays with fast switching performance. Seamless switching between different battery packs is achieved by controlling the gate voltage or electromagnetic contacts of the control module 150. The battery pack switching circuit 116 can connect the first battery pack 114 to the output channel, providing low-voltage long-range power supply from the parallel battery pack; the battery pack switching circuit 116 can connect the second battery pack 117 to the output channel, providing high-voltage output from the series battery pack; the battery pack switching circuit 116 can simultaneously connect the two battery packs, achieving superimposed energy output through power electronic devices, thereby matching the power demand of the load.

[0028] In practical implementation, the power path switching module in the power supply device has various structures to achieve its function; see [reference needed]. Figure 5 As shown, the power path switching module 130 includes: a first MOSFET Q1 and a second MOSFET Q2; The source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the output terminal of the main battery module 110, and the drain of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the external low-voltage load and the external high-voltage load respectively; the gate of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the control module 150; the source of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the output terminal of the backup battery module 120, and the drain of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the external low-voltage load; the gate of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the control module 150.

[0029] exist Figure 5In the power supply device 100 shown, both the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2 are N-channel SiC MOSFETs. The gate drive signals of the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2 are interlocked to ensure that only one MOSFET is turned on at any given time. When the control module 150 applies a high level to the first MOSFET Q1, the main battery module 110 supplies power to all loads. When the output voltage of the main battery module 110 drops below a preset threshold, the control module 150 pulls down the gate voltage of the first MOSFET Q1 and simultaneously raises the gate voltage of the second MOSFET Q2, completing the switching between the main battery module 110 and the backup battery module 120. In addition, the body diode of the MOSFET can provide a freewheeling path for the inductive load at the moment of turn-off, effectively reducing voltage spikes. By setting the dead time of the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2, zero-voltage turn-on of the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2 can be achieved.

[0030] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 6 As shown, the power supply device 100 also includes: a first insulation detection module 160 and a second insulation detection module 170; The input terminal of the first insulation detection module 160 is connected to the input terminal of the power conversion module group, and the output terminal of the first insulation detection module 160 is connected to the control module 150; the first insulation detection module 160 is used to detect the high-voltage side insulation resistance of the power conversion module group. The input terminal of the second insulation detection module 170 is connected to the output terminal of the power conversion module group, and the output terminal of the second insulation detection module 170 is connected to the control module 150; the second insulation detection module 170 is used to detect the low-voltage side insulation resistance of the power conversion module group.

[0031] exist Figure 6In the power supply device 100 shown, the detection by the first insulation detection module 160 and the second insulation detection module 170 can be performed in real time or before the first MOSFET Q1 is turned on. The input terminal of the first insulation detection module 160 is connected to the input terminal of the power conversion module group, and the input terminal of the second insulation detection module 170 is connected to the output terminal of the power conversion module group. The output terminals of both are connected to the control module 150. The structures of the first insulation detection module 160 and the second insulation detection module 170 can be the same or different. The detection channels of the first insulation detection module 160 and the second insulation detection module 170 are electrically isolated. The first insulation detection module 160 and the second insulation module can sample leakage current and calculate the insulation resistance to ground of the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side based on the bridge method or the injection method. When the insulation resistance of either side is lower than the safety threshold, the control module 150 immediately triggers an alarm or cuts off the main battery module 110. By monitoring the ratio of the insulation resistance of the high-voltage side to the insulation resistance of the low-voltage side in real time, fault location and graded protection are achieved to ensure the reliability and safety of the power supply system under wide load conditions.

[0032] In practical implementation, the first insulation detection module in the power supply device has various structures to achieve its function; see reference [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 As shown, the first insulation detection module 160 includes: a first Hall current sensor 161 and a first signal conditioning circuit 162; The primary side of the first Hall current sensor 161 is sleeved on the wiring between the power conversion module group and the power supply battery module. The secondary side of the first Hall current sensor 161 is connected to the input terminal of the first signal conditioning circuit 162. The output terminal of the first signal conditioning circuit 162 is connected to the control module 150.

[0033] exist Figure 7 In the power supply device 100 shown, the primary side of the first Hall current sensor 161 is fitted onto the wiring between the power conversion module group and the power supply battery module, and the secondary side is connected to the input terminal of the first signal conditioning circuit 162. The output terminal of the first signal conditioning circuit 162 is connected to the control module 150. The magnetic core of the first Hall current sensor 161 can be made of nanocrystalline alloy, silicon steel sheet, or ferrite. The output of the secondary side is transmitted to the first signal conditioning circuit 162 via a coaxial shielded cable or twisted pair cable. The first signal conditioning circuit 162 integrates a low-temperature drift operational amplifier circuit, a filter network, and an isolation amplifier. The high-voltage side leakage current of the power conversion module group generates a magnetic field through the wiring between the power conversion module group and the power supply battery module. The first Hall current sensor 161 senses the magnetic field and outputs a voltage signal proportional to the leakage current. After being amplified, filtered, and isolated by the first signal conditioning circuit 162, the signal is sent to the control module 150. The control module 150 calculates the high-voltage side insulation resistance to ground based on the signal amplitude, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the high-voltage side insulation resistance of the power conversion module group.

[0034] In practical implementation, the second insulation detection module in the power supply device has various structures to achieve its function; see [reference needed]. Figure 7 As shown, the second insulation detection module 170 includes: a second Hall current sensor 171, a second signal conditioning circuit 172, and a balancing resistor R; The positive output terminal of the power conversion module is also connected to ground via a balancing resistor R. The primary side of the second Hall current sensor 171 is fitted onto the connection between the balancing resistor R and ground. The secondary side of the second Hall current sensor 171 is connected to the input terminal of the second signal conditioning circuit 172. The output terminal of the second signal conditioning circuit 172 is connected to the control module 150.

[0035] exist Figure 7 In the power supply device 100 shown, the balancing resistor R can be a precision metal film resistor, an adjustable digital potentiometer, or a thick film resistor. The balancing resistor R forms a reference path with a known resistance value to ground on the low-voltage side. When leakage current occurs on the low-voltage side, the leakage current flows through the balancing resistor R and generates a voltage drop. The second Hall current sensor 171 detects the leakage current and outputs a voltage signal. After being amplified and filtered by the second signal conditioning circuit 172, the signal is transmitted to the control module 150, thereby enabling the control module 150 to calculate the insulation resistance of the low-voltage side to ground.

[0036] In one possible implementation, see [reference] Figure 8 As shown, the power supply device 100 also includes: a digital isolator 180; The first input terminal of the digital isolator 180 is connected to the output terminal of the first insulation detection module 160, the second input terminal of the digital isolator 180 is connected to the output terminal of the second insulation detection module 170, and the output terminal of the digital isolator 180 is connected to the control module 150.

[0037] exist Figure 8 In the power supply device 100 shown, the digital isolator 180, through its internally integrated high-voltage isolation element, electrically isolates the insulation detection signals output by the first insulation detection module 160 and the second insulation detection module 170 before transmitting them to the control module 150. The high-voltage isolation element can be a capacitively coupled or electromagnetically coupled structure. This isolation design effectively blocks the direct electrical connection between the high-voltage and low-voltage sides of the power conversion module group, preventing common-mode interference or fault voltage from damaging the control module 150, while ensuring accurate transmission of the insulation detection signals. After receiving the insulation detection signals isolated by the digital isolator 180, the control module 150 can monitor the insulation performance of various parts of the power supply device in real time.

[0038] Based on the same concept, this utility model also provides an electric two-wheeled vehicle, see reference. Figure 9 As shown, the electric two-wheeler 200 includes at least: the power supply device 100, the battery management system 210, and the motor 220 as described above; The first output terminal of the power supply device 100 is connected to the power supply terminal of the battery management system 210, and the second output terminal of the power supply device 100 is connected to the motor 220.

[0039] In practical applications, the main battery module in the power supply device 100 supplies power to the battery management system 210 and the motor 220. When the supply voltage of the main battery module is lower than a preset threshold and an insulation fault occurs, the control module controls the backup battery module to provide low-voltage logic power to the core low-voltage loads in the battery management system 210, including the MCU (Microcontroller Unit), GPS (Global Positioning System), sensors, brake lights, etc., to ensure emergency use for rescue positioning.

[0040] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0041] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this utility model. Therefore, if these modifications and variations to the embodiments of this utility model fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model and their equivalents, then this utility model also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A power supply device, characterized in that, include: Main battery module, backup battery module, power path switching module, voltage acquisition module and control module; The output terminal of the main battery module is connected to the first input terminal of the power path switching module, and the output terminal of the backup battery module is connected to the second input terminal of the power path switching module; the first output terminal of the power path switching module is connected to an external low-voltage load, the second output terminal of the power path switching module is connected to an external high-voltage load, and the control terminal of the power path switching module is connected to the first output terminal of the control module; the input terminal of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the output terminal of the main battery module, and the output terminal of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the first input terminal of the control module. The main battery module is used to supply power to external low-voltage loads and external high-voltage loads; The backup battery module is used to supply power to external low-voltage loads; The power path switching module is used to operate in a first on state or a second on state; wherein, the first on state is to connect the main battery module to the external low-voltage load and the external high-voltage load, and the second on state is to connect the backup battery module to the external low-voltage load. The voltage acquisition module is used to acquire the output voltage of the main battery module; The control module is used to control the power path switching module to switch from a first on state to a second on state when the output voltage of the main battery module is lower than a preset threshold.

2. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized by The main battery module includes: a power supply battery module and at least two DC-DC power converters; wherein the DC-DC power converters are interleaved in operation; Each of the DC-DC power converters is connected in parallel in the same direction to form a power conversion module group. The positive input terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to the positive output terminal of the power supply battery module, the negative input terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to the negative output terminal of the power supply battery module, the positive output terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to the first input terminal of the power path switching module, and the negative output terminal of the power conversion module group is connected to ground.

3. The power supply device according to claim 2, wherein The power supply battery module includes: a plurality of first batteries; Multiple first batteries are connected in parallel to form a first battery pack. The positive terminal of the first battery pack is connected to the positive input terminal of the power conversion module group, and the negative terminal of the first battery pack is connected to the negative input terminal of the power conversion module group.

4. The power supply device according to claim 3, wherein The power supply battery module also includes: multiple second batteries and a battery pack switching circuit; Multiple second batteries are connected in series to form a second battery pack. The positive terminal of the second battery pack is connected to the first input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit, and the negative terminal of the second battery pack is connected to the second input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit. The third input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery pack, and the fourth input terminal of the battery pack switching circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the first battery pack; the first output terminal of the battery pack switching circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the power path switching module, the second output terminal of the battery pack switching circuit is connected to ground, and the control terminal of the battery pack switching circuit is connected to the second output terminal of the control module.

5. The power supply device of claim 2, wherein The power path switching module includes: a first MOSFET and a second MOSFET; The source of the first MOSFET is connected to the output terminal of the main battery module, and the drain of the first MOSFET is connected to both an external low-voltage load and an external high-voltage load. The gate of the first MOSFET is connected to the control module. The source of the second MOSFET is connected to the output terminal of the backup battery module, and the drain of the second MOSFET is connected to an external low-voltage load. The gate of the second MOSFET is connected to the control module.

6. The power supply device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized by Also includes: First insulation detection module and second insulation detection module; The input terminal of the first insulation detection module is connected to the input terminal of the power conversion module group, and the output terminal of the first insulation detection module is connected to the control module; the first insulation detection module is used to detect the high-voltage side insulation resistance of the power conversion module group. The input terminal of the second insulation detection module is connected to the output terminal of the power conversion module group, and the output terminal of the second insulation detection module is connected to the control module; the second insulation detection module is used to detect the low-voltage side insulation resistance of the power conversion module group.

7. The power supply device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first insulation detection module includes: a first Hall current sensor and a first signal conditioning circuit; The primary side of the first Hall current sensor is sleeved on the wiring between the power conversion module group and the power supply battery module, the secondary side of the first Hall current sensor is connected to the input terminal of the first signal conditioning circuit, and the output terminal of the first signal conditioning circuit is connected to the control module.

8. The power supply device of claim 6, wherein, The second insulation detection module includes: a second Hall current sensor, a second signal conditioning circuit, and a balancing resistor; The positive output terminal of the power conversion module group is also connected to ground through the balancing resistor. The primary side of the second Hall current sensor is sleeved on the connection between the balancing resistor and ground. The secondary side of the second Hall current sensor is connected to the input terminal of the second signal conditioning circuit. The output terminal of the second signal conditioning circuit is connected to the control module.

9. The power supply device of claim 6, wherein, Also includes: Digital isolators; The first input terminal of the digital isolator is connected to the output terminal of the first insulation detection module, the second input terminal of the digital isolator is connected to the output terminal of the second insulation detection module, and the output terminal of the digital isolator is connected to the control module.

10. An electric two-wheeled vehicle characterized by comprising: include: The power supply device, battery management system, and motor as described in any one of claims 1-9; The first output terminal of the power supply device is connected to the power supply terminal of the battery management system, and the second output terminal of the power supply device is connected to the motor.

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