A system for preheating and melting solid materials

Abstract

This utility model discloses a system for preheating and melting solid materials. It employs an inclined feeding and preheating channel design, effectively balancing the speed, stability, and accuracy of scrap steel feeding. It also effectively increases the heat exchange area between the scrap steel and high-temperature flue gas, significantly improving heat exchange efficiency, production efficiency, and energy consumption. Furthermore, by monitoring and controlling the real-time preheating temperature of the scrap steel during the heat exchange process, it effectively improves the preheating temperature of the scrap steel and the efficiency of flue gas waste heat utilization. In addition, a combination of gas-fired heating burners and electromagnetic heaters is used during scrap steel melting to achieve rapid heating and melting of the solid scrap steel, further improving overall production efficiency and reducing energy consumption. This utility model's system has a simple structure, is easy to operate and control, and offers a convenient preheating and melting process with high production efficiency and low energy consumption, showing excellent prospects for large-scale promotion and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the preheating and melting of solid materials, specifically to a system for preheating and melting solid materials, belonging to the field of iron and steel smelting technology. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional converter long-process technology uses molten iron produced from ore and coke as raw material. Although it has a short smelting cycle, high production efficiency, and low cost per ton of steel, its molten iron production involves sintering and pelletizing processes and blast furnace processes, resulting in large carbon emissions and serious environmental pollution. In contrast, electric arc furnace short-process technology uses recycled scrap steel as raw material, resulting in lower carbon emissions and less environmental pollution, but it suffers from longer smelting cycles, lower production efficiency, and higher cost per ton of steel.

[0003] Scrap steel, as a clean resource, can be recycled indefinitely, making its utilization rate a crucial development direction for the steel industry. For integrated steelmaking processes, increasing the scrap steel ratio can reduce carbon emissions, improve resource utilization efficiency, and lower production costs. For integrated steelmaking processes, increasing the scrap steel ratio, and if the preheating effect can be enhanced, can significantly reduce production costs and improve competitiveness. Therefore, developing an efficient scrap steel preheating system and its control method for steelmaking furnaces is of significant practical importance for increasing the proportion of scrap steel in the steelmaking process and achieving green and efficient development in the steel industry.

[0004] However, existing scrap preheating technologies have the following problems: 1) Low preheating efficiency and limited equipment space: In electric arc furnace short-process technology, the technology of preheating scrap steel with high-temperature flue gas alone is insufficient. For example, in horizontal Constadt equipment, scrap steel and flue gas flow in opposite directions and mainly rely on radiation heat exchange, resulting in low heat exchange efficiency. The preheating temperature of scrap steel is often below 500℃. Although the vertical shaft preheating method can achieve convective heat exchange, the problem of finger adhesion at the bottom of the shaft seriously hinders the normal operation of the equipment, and the equipment and space are greatly limited. 2) Limited scrap steel preheating capacity and severe surface oxidation: Using burners to preheat scrap steel involves loading the scrap steel into a ladle and using a ladle heater to burn natural gas or other media for preheating. This method limits the amount of scrap steel added to the ladle, and the hot flue gas has difficulty reaching the scrap steel at the bottom of the ladle, resulting in poor preheating effect. After the flame impacts the surface of the scrap steel, it easily bounces back outside the ladle, causing energy waste, and the surface of the scrap steel is severely oxidized. While using an independent heating furnace to heat scrap steel allows for flexible control of the amount of preheated scrap, it suffers from problems such as slow heating rate, low preheating temperature, heating only the surface layer of scrap steel, and difficulty in precise and stable feeding. 3) Low preheating temperature of scrap steel and difficulty in further increasing it: When adding scrap steel to a converter or ladle, the temperature of the preheated scrap steel is relatively low compared to molten iron or steel. Additional heat is needed to melt the scrap steel, but the amount of heat that can be added in the converter or ladle is limited. If the scrap steel ratio is too high, the added scrap steel cannot be completely melted, affecting smooth production. Currently, there is no suitable preheating device that can further increase the preheating temperature of scrap steel or even directly melt it. 4) Heating rate and cost issues: Using burners to preheat scrap steel results in a fast heating rate and low cost before the preheating temperature reaches 1000℃. However, if the preheating temperature exceeds 1000℃, gas consumption increases significantly, the temperature rise is slow, and the high-temperature flue gas cannot be effectively utilized, resulting in low energy efficiency and high costs. Electromagnetic induction heating is used to preheat scrap steel, but when the scrap steel temperature is low (below 800℃), the heating rate is slow, affecting the preheating efficiency. Currently, there is no fast, efficient, and low-cost method for high-temperature preheating of scrap steel. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the problems of low production efficiency and high energy consumption caused by poor preheating of scrap steel in existing technologies, this invention provides a system for preheating and melting solid materials. Employing an inclined feeding and preheating channel design, it effectively balances the speed, stability, and accuracy of scrap steel feeding, while also significantly increasing the heat exchange area between the scrap steel and the high-temperature flue gas, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency and significantly increasing production efficiency while reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, a combination of gas-fired heating burners and electromagnetic heaters is used during scrap steel melting to achieve rapid heating and melting of the solid scrap steel, further improving overall production efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A system for preheating and melting solid materials includes an inclined feeding and preheating channel and a melting furnace. The bottom outlet of the inclined feeding and preheating channel is connected to the upper part of the furnace cavity of the melting furnace. A permeable baffle mechanism is provided at the bottom of the inclined feeding and preheating channel. A molten liquid outlet is provided at the bottom of the melting furnace. A heating device is also provided inside the melting furnace. Preferably, the inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel is less than 90°, preferably 5°~85°, more preferably 10°~80°, for example, any one of 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, 6°, 8°, 10°, 12°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, 85°, 86°, 87°, 88°, 89° or a range of values ​​with any two of these values ​​as endpoints (such as 30~60°, 30~65°, etc.).

[0008] Preferably, a baffle plate is installed in the inclined feeding and preheating channel to divide the inner cavity of the channel into an upper temporary storage chamber and a lower preheating chamber. A smoke exhaust port is provided on the upper wall of the lower preheating chamber. A permeable baffle mechanism is located at the bottom of the lower preheating chamber.

[0009] Preferably, a temperature monitoring device and / or a pressure control device are also installed at the flue gas outlet. Preferably, the temperature monitoring device is a thermocouple. The pressure control device consists of a pressure sensor and a speed-regulating fan.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the partition plate extends through the top wall of the inclined feeding and preheating channel and then to the outside of the inclined feeding and preheating channel. A partition drive motor connected to the top of the partition plate is provided on the top wall surface of the inclined feeding and preheating channel. The partition drive motor drives the partition plate to move up and down in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the inclined feeding and preheating channel, thereby realizing the connection or isolation between the upper temporary storage chamber and the lower preheating chamber.

[0011] Preferably, the ventilated material blocking mechanism is a material blocking claw. A material blocking drive motor, connected to the ventilated material blocking mechanism, is also provided at the bottom of the lower preheating chamber. The material blocking drive motor drives the ventilated material blocking mechanism to swing and lower in an arc motion, thereby blocking and opening the inclined material feeding and the bottom outlet of the preheating channel. Preferably, the number of blocking claws in the ventilated material blocking mechanism is 2 to 30, more preferably 3 to 20. The width of a single blocking claw is 2 to 20 cm, more preferably 3 to 10 cm. The distance between two adjacent blocking claws is 1 to 15 cm, more preferably 2 to 8 cm.

[0012] Preferably, a cooling medium channel, a cooling medium inlet, and a cooling medium outlet connected to the cooling medium channel are also provided inside the ventilated baffle mechanism.

[0013] Preferably, the heating device includes a heating burner and an electromagnetic heater. The heating burner is disposed in the upper part of the inner cavity of the melting furnace. The electromagnetic heater is disposed in the lower part of the inner cavity of the melting furnace. Preferably, both the heating burner and the electromagnetic heater are disposed on the side away from the molten metal outlet. Preferably, the feed end of the molten metal outlet is an overflow design higher than the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the melting furnace (for example, the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the melting furnace near the molten metal outlet is a stepped design, with the molten metal outlet located on the highest step).

[0014] Preferably, the system also includes a lifting angle adjustment mechanism. The lifting angle adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder and a lifting support rod. The hydraulic cylinder is positioned on the ground below the inclined feeding and preheating channel. The bottom end of the lifting support rod is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the top end of the lifting support rod is connected to the upper bottom wall of the inclined feeding and preheating channel. The bottom end of the inclined feeding and preheating channel is hinged to the furnace wall of the melting furnace. The hydraulic cylinder, through the lifting and lowering of the lifting support rod, drives the inclined feeding and preheating channel to rotate vertically with its bottom end as the center of rotation, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel.

[0015] Preferably, the system also includes a thermal imager, which is mounted on the top wall of the furnace cavity.

[0016] Preferably, the system also includes a control device, which is associated with and coordinates the working status of the temperature monitoring device, pressure control device, material separation drive motor, material blocking drive motor, heating device, lifting angle adjustment mechanism, and thermal imager.

[0017] The process of preheating and melting steel using the system of this utility model is as follows:

[0018] S1. First, determine the inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel based on the basic properties of the steel. Then, feed the steel directly into the melting furnace through the inclined feeding and preheating channel for melting.

[0019] S2. During the smelting process, steel is added into the inclined feeding and preheating channel and the added steel is temporarily retained in the inclined feeding and preheating channel through a ventilated baffle mechanism.

[0020] S3. The hot flue gas in the melting furnace is transported to the inclined feeding and preheating channel to preheat the remaining steel.

[0021] S4. After the steel in the melting furnace has been melted, the molten steel is discharged through the molten outlet, and the preheated steel in the inclined feeding and preheating channel is added back into the melting furnace to continue melting. Steps S2 to S4 are repeated in this cycle.

[0022] Preferably, in step S1, determining the inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel based on the basic properties of the current steel includes:

[0023] S101. Based on the average dimensions of the current steel, establish equations for calculating the sliding speed of the steel at different inclination angles. The calculation equations are as follows:

[0024] (I).

[0025] In equation (I), v s Let be the speed at which the steel slides down, in m / s. For different inclination angles of inclined feeding and preheating channels, rad. ρ is the coefficient of friction when the steel slides down, with a value ranging from 0.2 to 0.6. g is the acceleration due to gravity, with a value of 9.8 m / s². 2 k1 is the influence coefficient of steel size, with a value ranging from 0.1 to 5.0. l0 is the average length of the steel, in meters. w0 is the average width of the steel, in meters. h0 is the average thickness of the steel, in meters. The sliding speed of the steel at different inclination angles is calculated according to equation (I).

[0026] S102. Based on the mass and average size of the steel, establish the calculation equation for the impact force on the permeable baffle mechanism (101) under different sliding speeds. The calculation equation is as follows:

[0027] (II).

[0028] In equation (II), F is the impact force (N) on the ventilated baffle mechanism (101) at different sliding speeds. s Let be the mass of the steel, kg. △t is the collision time between the steel and the permeable baffle mechanism (101), s. k2 is the force coefficient of the baffle mechanism, with a value of 10~100. The impact force on the permeable baffle mechanism (101) under different sliding speeds is calculated according to formula (II).

[0029] S103. A comprehensive evaluation factor estimation model is established using the sliding speed of steel at the same inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) and the impact force on the ventilated baffle mechanism (101) as independent variables. The estimation model is as follows:

[0030] (III).

[0031] In equation (III), E is the comprehensive evaluation factor. The maximum allowable sliding speed of the steel under the operating conditions is expressed in m / s. The maximum load-bearing capacity (N) of the permeable material blocking mechanism (101) allowed under working conditions. , The optimal comprehensive parameter for steel dimensions under ideal production conditions is 5 to 50. The weighting of factors related to the rate of decline in steel prices. The weights of the force factors affecting the ventilated baffle mechanism (101) are as follows: The weights of the steel size factor, where: w v +w F +w s =1, , , All are greater than 0 and less than 1. Different comprehensive evaluation factor values ​​are calculated according to formula (III), where the comprehensive evaluation factor reaches its maximum value when... The value is the inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) under the current working conditions.

[0032] As a preferred method, during the smelting process, the current real-time temperature of the steel is calculated in real time based on the steel preheating temperature calculation model. The negative pressure at the exhaust port (105) of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) is adjusted according to the change in the current real-time temperature of the steel to reduce heat loss. The steel preheating temperature calculation model is as follows:

[0033] ... (IV).

[0034] In equation (IV), k3 is the flue gas velocity influence coefficient, with a value ranging from 0.8 to 2.0. d is the distance between two adjacent baffles of the permeable baffle mechanism (101), in cm. P out ρ is the negative pressure at the exhaust port (105), Pa. γ is the flue gas resistance coefficient. g The density of the flue gas is expressed in g / cm³. 3 D is the diameter of the smoke exhaust outlet (105), in cm. C p T represents the specific heat capacity of the flue gas, in J / (kg·K). t is the duration of the unit time period, ranging from 60 to 600 seconds. in T represents the initial temperature of the flue gas, in °C. out The flue gas temperature at the exhaust port (105) is ℃. s The weight of the steel is expressed in kg. (C) s T represents the specific heat capacity of steel, in J / (kg·K). s,i The temperature of the scrap steel at the current time point is expressed in °C. Let T be the temperature of the scrap steel after the current time period, in °C (where i is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and T is a constant). s,0 (These are measured values, ranging from 10 to 30℃). The real-time preheating temperature of the steel after different time periods is calculated using formula (IV).

[0035] As a preferred option, the target preheating temperature of the current steel is denoted as T.obj , ℃. Then we have:

[0036] like -T obj A value >0 indicates that the current preheating temperature of the steel has reached the target value, and heat preservation is required.

[0037] like -T obj ≤0 indicates that the current preheating temperature of the steel is lower than the target value, and a heating operation is required.

[0038] Preferably, the heat preservation operation involves adjusting the exhaust port (105) to a slightly negative pressure using a pressure control device (107). The slightly negative pressure is -5 to -20 Pa, preferably -10 to -15 Pa. And / or

[0039] The heating operation is as follows: if the flue gas temperature T at the flue gas outlet (105) is... out -T obj ≤50℃ indicates that the exhaust gas temperature is not excessive, and the negative pressure at the exhaust port (105) needs to be increased through the pressure control device (107). If the exhaust gas temperature T at the exhaust port (105) is... out -T objj If the temperature is >50℃, it indicates that the temperature of the exhaust gas has exceeded the limit, and the negative pressure at the exhaust port (105) needs to be reduced by the pressure control device (107). The negative pressure is -5 to -120 Pa, preferably -10 to -100 Pa.

[0040] In existing technologies, traditional preheating devices mostly adopt simple horizontal or vertical structures, which have many shortcomings in material conveying. For example, in horizontal preheating devices, scrap steel is conveyed by mechanical propulsion, resulting in slow start-stop response and difficulty in accurately controlling the amount and time interval of feeding, often leading to over- or under-feeding of materials. In this utility model, the system for preheating and melting solid materials mainly includes an inclined feeding and preheating channel and a melting furnace connected in series. The inclined feeding and preheating channel is used to add scrap steel to be melted into the melting furnace. However, before adding the scrap steel to the melting furnace, it is preheated by countercurrent heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas from the melting furnace, thereby increasing the scrap steel temperature, effectively improving the subsequent scrap steel melting efficiency, and reducing melting energy consumption. It should be noted that this inclined feeding and preheating channel cleverly utilizes gravity as the driving force for conveying different types of scrap steel by adjusting the inclination angle. It can slide down at a stable speed under the action of gravity, ensuring that the amount of scrap steel conveyed each time is accurately controllable, effectively solving the problem of difficult control of the material conveying rhythm in traditional devices. Compared to traditional horizontal preheating devices that rely on mechanical feeding, the inclined feeding and preheating channel improves feeding efficiency by 30-50%, significantly shortening feeding time and enhancing overall production efficiency. Furthermore, when using high-temperature flue gas to preheat scrap steel in the inclined feeding and preheating channel, the contact area and contact time with the flue gas are greatly increased, resulting in significant improvements in the utilization efficiency of heat in the flue gas and the preheating temperature of the scrap steel.

[0041] It should be noted that when scrap steel is fed and preheated through the inclined feeding and preheating channel, it will continuously slide downwards under its own gravity. Since the length of the inclined feeding and preheating channel is generally fixed, the time the scrap steel spends sliding through it is relatively short. During this process, it is difficult to preheat the scrap steel to the target temperature. Simultaneously, it takes time for the scrap steel in the melting furnace to melt into a liquid phase. Therefore, it is impossible to continuously add scrap steel through the inclined feeding and preheating channel indefinitely. Thus, an intermittent addition method is generally adopted. This involves installing a permeable baffle mechanism at the bottom of the inclined feeding and preheating channel to retain the scrap steel in the channel for a certain period. Once the scrap steel has been preheated to the target temperature, the permeable baffle mechanism slides the preheated scrap steel into the melting furnace. At this time, the previous batch of scrap steel in the melting furnace has also basically melted into a liquid phase and discharged. The permeable baffle mechanism is a structure that can prevent the scrap steel from sliding down but does not isolate the flow of flue gas. Preferably, the pneumatic baffle mechanism is designed as a baffle claw.

[0042] Furthermore, in this invention, the inclined feeding and preheating channel is typically made of a high-temperature resistant and wear-resistant alloy material, capable of withstanding the erosion of high-temperature flue gas and the friction during scrap steel sliding. As the main channel for scrap steel sliding and heat exchange with high-temperature flue gas, the inclined feeding and preheating channel utilizes gravity to allow the scrap steel to slide naturally, reducing additional power consumption and greatly improving feeding efficiency. Simultaneously, the inclined design increases the contact time and area between the scrap steel and the high-temperature flue gas, which is beneficial for improving heat exchange efficiency. In addition, to better utilize the waste heat from the scrap steel, the inclined angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel... The angle α is not fixed but closely related to the characteristics of the scrap steel being processed. In other words, the angle of inclination of the inclined feeding and preheating channels will vary depending on the type of scrap steel. Determining the optimal angle α in the scrap steel preheating system of a steelmaking furnace is crucial for improving the preheating effect. Different types of scrap steel differ in size, density, and porosity, which affect the sliding characteristics of the scrap steel, the force on the baffle claws, and the permeability and heat exchange efficiency of the flue gas. Therefore, determining the optimal angle α requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as the sliding speed of the scrap steel and the force on the baffle claws of the permeable baffle mechanism. Assuming the average length of the scrap steel is l0 (m), the average width is w0 (m), and the average thickness is h0 (m), the equation of motion for the sliding speed v (m / s) of scrap steel of different sizes is as follows:

[0043] (I).

[0044] In equation (I), g is the acceleration due to gravity, which is typically taken as 9.8 m / s². 2 . The coefficient of friction between the steel and the trough is 0.2 to 0.6. The value is the steel size influence coefficient, ranging from 0.1 to 5.0. That is to say, the magnitude of the sliding speed of scrap steel at different tilt angles can be calculated according to equation (I).

[0045] Once the downward velocity v of the scrap steel is known, the impact force F (in N) on the retaining claw when the scrap steel comes into contact with the retaining claw can be calculated using the following formula:

[0046] (II).

[0047] In equation (II), m s The mass of the steel is expressed in kg (generally, the mass of steel can be obtained by weighing or by calculation). , Density of steel, kg / m³ 3). △t is the collision time between the steel and the ventilated baffle mechanism (an empirical estimate, generally taken as 0.01~1s), s. k2 is the force coefficient of the baffle mechanism, taken as 10~100. That is to say, according to formula (II), the magnitude of the impact force on the baffle claw of the ventilated baffle mechanism at different sliding speeds can be calculated.

[0048] To determine the optimal tilt angle Introduce a comprehensive evaluation factor E:

[0049] (III).

[0050] In equation (III), The maximum allowable sliding speed of the steel under the operating conditions is expressed in m / s. The maximum load-bearing capacity (N) of the permeable material blocking mechanism (101) allowed under working conditions. , The optimal comprehensive parameter for steel dimensions under ideal production conditions is 5 to 50. The weighting of factors related to the rate of decline in steel prices. The weights of the force factors affecting the ventilated baffle mechanism (101) are as follows: The weights of the steel size factor, where: w v +w F +w s =1, , , All are greater than 0 and less than 1. In other words, different tilt angles are calculated according to formula (III). The corresponding comprehensive evaluation factor value. Where the comprehensive evaluation factor reaches its maximum value is the value corresponding to... The value represents the tilt angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel under the current operating conditions. The steps to obtain the maximum value of the comprehensive evaluation factor are as follows: Set the tilt angle adjustment range of the inclined feeding and preheating channel to 30~60°. First, assign an initial tilt angle of 30°. =0.524 (30° converted to radians is constrained to 0.524). Then, calculate according to the above formulas (I) and (II) respectively. =0.524 corresponds to v s1 And F1, and then calculate the corresponding E1 according to formula (III). Finally, increase the tilt angle by a certain step (such as 0.01 radians) to obtain Then, calculate again according to formulas (I), (II), and (III). =0.524+0.01 corresponds to v s2F2 and E2; repeat the above process until all comprehensive evaluation factor E values ​​corresponding to the entire tilt angle range of 30~60° (0.524~1.047 radians) are traversed. Then compare all the calculated E values ​​to find the tilt angle that maximizes E. ,this This refers to the angle of inclination of the inclined feeding and preheating channel under the current optimal conditions for steel.

[0051] Furthermore, in this utility model, research has revealed that when the permeable baffle mechanism is designed with baffle claws, the specific structural characteristics of the baffle claws (such as the baffle claw width, n, and d of adjacent baffle claws) have a significant impact on the preheating effect of scrap steel. The determination of the specific structural characteristics of the baffle claws requires comprehensive consideration of their influence on flue gas permeability and baffle performance: Firstly, regarding the baffle claw width: to ensure the strength of the baffle claws, based on the bending normal stress formula in mechanics of materials... (where M is the bending moment, W) z The bending resistance coefficient is taken as 1×10. -6 ~5×10 -4 For rectangular cross-section stop claws: ( The length of the stop claw is the same as the depth of the inclined feeding and preheating channel. This is due to the stress on the stop claw. The stress must be less than or equal to the allowable stress of the material. ], and the bending moment M and the maximum force F on the stop claw max Related (assuming the force acts at the midpoint of the stop claw, then:) From this, we can derive the inequality: Further deduction Secondly, regarding the number of stop claws (n) and the distance (d) between two adjacent stop claws: Based on the condition that the width of the stop claws is the same as the width of the inclined feeding and preheating channel, the following relationship can be obtained. (in (This refers to the width of the inclined feeding and preheating channel). Considering flue gas permeability, according to the flue gas flow formula... It can be deduced that (in This refers to the flue gas volume (an empirical value that can be manually adjusted based on changes in operating conditions). The flue gas velocity, (This refers to the length of the retaining claw). Furthermore, for the distance d between two adjacent retaining claws, to ensure the retaining effect, the distance d must be less than the minimum characteristic dimension a of the scrap steel. min (Generally the average size of scrap steel), that is The ideal values ​​of n and d are obtained by simultaneously solving the three equations. It should be noted that the specific structural features of the stop claw are difficult to change in real time during use. Generally, it is achieved by directly replacing the stop claw with a different specification that meets the corresponding b, n, and d values.

[0052] In this invention, to adjust the inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel during preheating and melting of steels with different properties, the bottom end of the inclined feeding and preheating channel is hinged to the furnace wall of the melting furnace (e.g., a combination of a pin and a bearing, or a hinged device like that used for bending between the cantilever arms of an excavator). Simultaneously, a lifting angle adjustment mechanism is provided at the other end (top or near the top) of the inclined feeding and preheating channel. This mechanism drives the top end of the inclined feeding and preheating channel to rotate vertically with its bottom end as the rotation center, thereby adjusting its inclination angle. It should be noted that the lifting angle adjustment mechanism is a device with both supporting and lifting functions, such as the combination of a hydraulic cylinder and a lifting support rod exemplified in this invention. It can also be other existing mature devices with the same function or purpose (e.g., a lifting and tilting device for controlling the tilting of a truck bed).

[0053] In this invention, a partition plate is installed within the inclined feeding and preheating channel, dividing the channel's interior into an upper temporary storage chamber and a lower preheating chamber. In other words, the inclined feeding and preheating channel is divided into two main areas. The upper temporary storage chamber is the scrap steel storage area, used to temporarily store scrap steel awaiting preheating. The lower preheating chamber is the scrap steel preheating zone, a crucial area for achieving heat exchange between the scrap steel and the high-temperature flue gas. The two zones are separated by a solid, vertically movable partition plate, which plays a vital role in controlling the scrap steel conveying rhythm. The partition plate is generally made of high-strength heat-resistant steel plate, with a special surface treatment (such as coating with a wear-resistant and heat-resistant layer) to enhance its wear resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance. The partition plate is primarily used to control the timing and amount of scrap steel entering the scrap steel preheating zone. When scrap steel needs to be added to the scrap steel preheating zone, the baffle plate is raised and opened, and the scrap steel enters the scrap steel preheating zone from the scrap steel storage area under the action of gravity; when the scrap steel preheating zone reaches a certain amount of scrap steel storage, the baffle plate is lowered and closed to prevent scrap steel from continuing to enter, ensuring that the amount of scrap steel in the preheating zone is kept within an appropriate range, and ensuring the stability of the preheating effect and production rhythm.

[0054] In this invention, the permeable baffle mechanism between the scrap steel preheating zone and the steel melting furnace is preferably designed as a swing-arc lifting baffle claw (for example, the top of the baffle claw is hinged to the inclined feeding and preheating channel via bearings and a rotating shaft; supported by this hinge, the baffle claw can swing up and down in an arc shape; the baffle drive motor drives the baffle claw to rotate upwards to open the baffle claw, allowing the scrap steel to slide downwards along the inclined feeding and preheating channel; the baffle drive motor drives the baffle claw to rotate downwards to close the baffle claw, blocking the scrap steel). Each baffle claw has a certain spacing. This design ensures that the weight of the scrap steel is mainly borne by the inclined feeding and preheating channel, effectively preventing the baffle claw from deforming and breaking due to excessive force, while not affecting the permeability of the baffle claw, ensuring that high-temperature flue gas can smoothly enter the scrap steel preheating zone. The claws of the material blocking claw are generally made of high-temperature resistant, high-strength alloy materials. On the one hand, the claws effectively prevent scrap steel from entering the steelmaking furnace prematurely, ensuring that the scrap steel is fully preheated in the preheating zone. On the other hand, the reasonable claw spacing design does not affect the smooth passage of high-temperature flue gas into the scrap steel preheating zone, ensuring the heat exchange process between the scrap steel and the high-temperature flue gas. In actual operation, the swing-arc lifting design of the material blocking claw makes it more flexible when opening and closing, reducing the impact force of scrap steel and extending its service life. Actual operation verification shows that after adopting this material blocking claw design, the number of downtimes caused by material blocking problems has been reduced by more than 80%.

[0055] Furthermore, to improve the durability of the stop claw in high-temperature environments, a cooling medium channel, along with a cooling medium inlet and outlet connected to the channel, is provided inside. By designing the stop claw as a water-cooled structure, thermal deformation can be avoided from affecting its normal operation and service life. The cooling effect of circulating water ensures that the stop claw remains within a suitable operating temperature range.

[0056] In this invention, a flue gas outlet is provided on the upper wall of the lower preheating chamber, through which the flue gas after heat exchange with the scrap steel is discharged. Furthermore, a temperature monitoring device (preferably a thermocouple) and / or a pressure control device (preferably a combination of a pressure sensor and a speed-regulating fan) are installed at the flue gas outlet. The temperature monitoring device monitors the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet in real time, providing accurate data for the control system. By monitoring temperature changes, operators can adjust the operating parameters of the device in a timely manner, such as adjusting the timing of the action of the baffle plate and the baffle claw, and optimizing the flue gas flow rate according to the temperature, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the scrap steel preheating process. The pressure control device accurately measures the outlet pressure of the flue gas outlet. The control device receives data from the pressure sensor and analyzes it according to the preset pressure value. The speed-regulating fan is installed on the flue gas duct at the outlet and connected to the control device, allowing its speed to be adjusted according to the instructions of the control device. In addition, signal transmission lines and pipes connecting various devices are included to ensure smooth data transmission and flue gas flow. The pressure control device achieves precise control of the pressure at the outlet of the scrap steel preheating zone by adjusting the speed of the variable speed fan, thereby regulating the preheating temperature of the scrap steel.

[0057] In this invention, a heating device is installed inside the melting furnace for heating and melting preheated scrap steel. This heating device includes a gas-fired heating burner for rapidly heating the scrap steel and an electromagnetic heater for rapidly melting the scrap steel. The gas-fired heating burner is used to rapidly heat the scrap steel that enters the melting furnace and accumulates above the molten steel. It adopts a preheating structure, including a combustion air jacket and a gas jacket. A tubular heat exchanger can be installed at the front end of the combustion air to preheat the combustion air using high-temperature flue gas, saving energy. A gas-fired heating burner is arranged on each side of the scrap steel landing area inside the melting furnace, and the burner has a certain horizontal and vertical deflection angle. The electromagnetic heater is used to rapidly melt the scrap steel in the molten steel. It uses electromagnetic induction to heat the molten steel, and the scrap steel melts rapidly through heat transfer from the molten steel. The alternating magnetic field generated by electromagnetic induction produces an induced current in the molten steel. This current generates heat through the resistance of the molten steel, thereby heating both the molten steel and the scrap steel. In other words, under the steel retention operation, the high-temperature scrap steel at the bottom of the molten furnace melts rapidly under the heat conduction of the molten steel and electromagnetic induction heating, while the low-temperature scrap steel above heats up slowly by electromagnetic induction heating. At this time, the burner is turned on, and the heat of natural gas combustion is used to quickly preheat or even partially melt the scrap steel. The high-temperature flame sprayed by the burner acts directly on the scrap steel, providing additional heat to the scrap steel and accelerating its heating process.

[0058] In this invention, the molten furnace employs a non-tilting tapping method, facilitating continuous production. The molten steel outlet is designed as a stepped structure. During normal steel retention, the molten steel height is lower than the tapping step height. During tapping, a ladle is placed below the molten steel outlet, and the tapping opening is pierced with acetylene, allowing molten steel to flow into the ladle. Tapping stops when the molten steel height falls below the tapping step height, and the molten steel outlet is blocked with diversion sand. The tapping step has a certain height.

[0059] In this invention, the preheating and melting process is roughly as follows: Scrap steel preheating stage: Scrap steel is sucked into the scrap steel storage area (i.e., the upper temporary storage chamber) of the inclined feeding and preheating channel via a magnetic disk. Since the baffle plate is open, the scrap steel slides freely into the scrap steel preheating area (i.e., the lower preheating chamber) under gravity. When the scrap steel preheating area is full, the baffle plate closes, preventing further scrap steel from entering the preheating area. At this time, high-temperature flue gas enters the scrap steel preheating area from the melting furnace, exchanging heat with the scrap steel. The scrap steel gradually heats up under the action of the high-temperature flue gas, ultimately achieving efficient preheating. After preheating, the permeable baffle mechanism is opened, and the scrap steel falls into the melting furnace under gravity. Steel melting stage: After the preheated scrap steel enters the melting furnace, the burner combustion rapid heating device (i.e., the heating burner) is turned on. The burner uses a certain power, utilizing the high-temperature flame generated by natural gas combustion to rapidly heat the scrap steel piled above the molten steel. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic induction rapid melting device (i.e., electromagnetic heater) heats the molten steel at maximum power, accelerating the melting of scrap steel through heat transfer from the molten steel. During the heating process, the molten steel level in the furnace is continuously monitored. When there is no exposed scrap steel on the molten steel surface, the heating burner is turned off, the baffle claw is opened to add new scrap steel, and after adding, the baffle claw is closed, and the heating burner is reopened to preheat the newly added exposed scrap steel. Tapping stage: When the molten steel reaches the tapping conditions, a ladle is placed below the molten steel outlet, and the outlet is burned through with acetylene, allowing the molten steel to flow into the ladle under gravity. As the molten steel flows out, the molten steel height gradually decreases. When the molten steel height is lower than the tapping step height, tapping is stopped, and the molten steel outlet is blocked with diversion sand, completing the tapping process.

[0060] In this invention, continuous production can be achieved when both a baffle plate and a permeable baffle mechanism are installed in the inclined feeding and preheating channel. An example of the specific feeding process is as follows: In the first furnace, the baffle claws are closed, the baffle plate is opened, and a magnetic disk is used to suck up scrap steel to the scrap steel storage area (i.e., the upper temporary storage chamber), allowing the scrap steel to slide freely into the scrap steel preheating area (i.e., the lower preheating chamber) until 0.4 G tons of scrap steel (G is the nominal capacity of the melting furnace) are loaded into the preheating area, at which point the baffle plate is closed. At this point, the magnetic disk continues to suck up scrap steel to the scrap steel storage area, and the baffle claws are opened, allowing the scrap steel to slide into the melting furnace. After 0.3 G tons of scrap steel are loaded into the scrap steel storage area, the magnetic disk stops sucking up scrap steel. When the infrared detector (i.e., thermal imager) on the top of the furnace lid shows that the scrap steel has melted and no bare scrap steel is exposed, the baffle claws are opened, allowing the preheated 0.3 G tons of scrap steel to slide into the furnace before the baffle claws are closed. Open the baffle plate to allow 0.3g of scrap steel from the scrap storage area to automatically slide into the scrap preheating zone, then close the baffle plate. The disk continues to draw 0.3g of scrap steel into the scrap storage area. When the infrared detector image recognition again shows that the scrap steel has melted, open the baffle claw and add the preheated 0.3g of scrap steel into the melting furnace. Then, close the baffle claw, open the baffle plate, and the 0.3g of scrap steel slides into the scrap preheating zone for further preheating. After tapping, it will be added into the melting furnace for the next heat. For the first heat, it needs to be added in three stages, with scrap steel added in three separate stages: 0.4g, 0.3g, and 0.3g respectively. The first 0.4g of scrap steel is not preheated, while the subsequent two are preheated. For other heats, due to the steel retention operation, at the start of smelting, the baffle claw is opened directly, allowing the preheated scrap steel from the previous heat to slide into the melting furnace. Next, the baffle claw is closed, and the baffle plate is opened, allowing the scrap steel in the scrap steel storage area to slide into the scrap steel preheating area. Then, the baffle plate is closed, and the disk continues to draw 0.3g of scrap steel into the scrap steel storage area for later use. In summary, this ensures that both the scrap steel storage area and the scrap steel preheating area in the preheating device are filled with scrap steel. When the infrared detector image recognition indicates that scrap steel can be added, the scrap steel in the scrap steel preheating area is added into the melting furnace, the scrap steel in the scrap steel storage area slides into the scrap steel preheating area, and the disk draws scrap steel into the scrap steel storage area for later use, and this cycle repeats continuously.

[0061] In this invention, the preheating temperature of scrap steel is related to multiple factors, making it difficult to predict and control. The following analysis examines the influence of each factor on the preheating temperature: First, the inclined feeding method and the preheating channel α affect the state of the scrap steel within the channel, thus affecting the contact area A between the scrap steel and the flue gas. The contact area A can be expressed as... , where k A The contact area influence coefficient (an empirical value, generally taken as 0.01~0.1), where A0 is the contact area in the horizontal state. Secondly, the distance d between the baffle claws and the negative pressure P at the exhaust port... out Affecting flue gas velocity v gThis, in turn, affects heat transfer, and the combined effect of both factors leads to the flue gas velocity v. g It can be represented as Where k3 is the influence coefficient of flue gas velocity. It is the flue gas drag coefficient (measured or empirical value, generally 0.5~1.5). The density of the flue gas is [value missing]. The steelmaking furnace operates under slight negative pressure, with the preferred negative pressure being P. out Controlled within the range of 0 to -100 Pa. The outlet flue gas temperature T... out Inlet flue gas temperature T in Impact: Under stable furnace operating conditions, the inlet flue gas temperature T can be considered as... in The temperature remains constant, generally considered to be up to 1200℃; the outlet flue gas temperature T out Changes are monitored in real time by a temperature monitoring device at the flue gas outlet. The outlet flue gas temperature must not be too high, as excessively high outlet flue gas temperatures will lead to low heat utilization efficiency; it is generally controlled within a certain range. It is advisable ( (This refers to the target preheating temperature for scrap steel). Furthermore, according to heat balance, within a certain time t, the heat absorbed by the scrap steel is equal to the heat transferred to the scrap steel by the flue gas. Therefore, the scrap steel preheating temperature T... s (Assuming the scrap steel temperature is uniform, the average scrap steel temperature is used instead.) The calculation formula is as follows:

[0062] = .

[0063] Therefore, we can conclude that:

[0064] ... (IV).

[0065] In equation (IV), k3 is the influence coefficient of flue gas velocity, with a value ranging from 0.8 to 2.0. h is the heat transfer coefficient between scrap steel and flue gas, with a value ranging from 15 to 80 W / (m³). 2 ·K). d is the distance between two adjacent stoppers in the ventilated material blocking mechanism, in cm. P out ρ represents the negative pressure at the exhaust port, in Pa. γ is the flue gas resistance coefficient. g The density of the flue gas is expressed in g / cm³. 3 D is the diameter of the smoke exhaust outlet, in cm. C p T represents the specific heat capacity of the flue gas, in J / (kg·K). t is the duration of the unit time period, ranging from 60 to 600 seconds. in T represents the initial temperature of the flue gas, in °C. out The temperature of the flue gas at the exhaust outlet is ℃. s The weight of the steel is expressed in kg. (C) s T represents the specific heat capacity of steel, in J / (kg·K). s,i The temperature of the scrap steel at the current time point is expressed in °C. Let T be the temperature of the scrap steel after the current time period, in °C (where i is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and T is a constant). s,0 (These are measured values, ranging from 10 to 30℃). The real-time preheating temperature of the steel after different time periods is calculated using formula (IV).

[0066] In this invention, the process of controlling the preheating temperature of scrap steel in the inclined feeding and preheating channel is roughly as follows: During the melting process in the furnace, a slight negative pressure (0 to -100 Pa) is maintained at the exhaust port. High-temperature flue gas of approximately 1200°C is generated inside the furnace and enters the lower preheating chamber through the gaps between the baffle claws. The high-temperature flue gas penetrates the scrap steel and exchanges heat with it, keeping the scrap steel in a state of continuous heating. When the preheating temperature of the scrap steel reaches the target temperature, the negative pressure at the exhaust port is reduced, putting the scrap steel preheating system into a heat preservation mode. The specific scrap steel preheating temperature control process is as follows:

[0067] 1) Input the following parameters, mainly including: inclined feeding and preheating channel α, distance between baffle claws d, heat transfer coefficient between scrap steel and flue gas h, contact area between scrap steel and flue gas A0, and mass of scrap steel m. s Specific heat capacity of scrap steel C s D, the diameter of the flue gas outlet; C, the specific heat capacity of the flue gas. p Steel size influence coefficient k1, flue gas velocity influence coefficient k3, flue gas resistance coefficient Smoke density Regulating pressure difference Time interval Inlet flue gas temperature T in =1200℃, initial temperature of scrap steel T s,0 =25℃;

[0068] 2) Obtain the time interval based on the monitoring equipment. The subsequent outlet negative pressure P out , outlet flue gas temperature T out Calculate the preheating temperature T of the scrap steel. s,i And calculate the difference between the preheating temperature of the scrap steel at this time and the target preheating temperature, i.e. .

[0069] 3) If This means the average temperature of the scrap steel is below the target value, requiring heating. In this case, first determine if the outlet flue gas temperature exceeds the target to avoid heat loss. If... This indicates that the outlet flue gas temperature is not excessive. At this point, adjusting the fan power increases the outlet negative pressure. Increased flue gas flow rate leads to increased heat transfer to the scrap steel within a certain timeframe, which is beneficial for the scrap steel's heating. It should be noted that to maintain low negative pressure operation, if the negative pressure... Then take ;like This indicates that the outlet flue gas temperature is too high. At this time, adjust the fan power to reduce the outlet negative pressure. With reduced flue gas flow, the outlet flue gas temperature naturally decreases after heat absorption by the scrap steel. Similarly, to maintain a slight negative pressure operation, if... Then take .

[0070] 4) If This means the average temperature of the scrap steel has reached the target value, requiring only heat preservation, and it is ready to be added to the steel melting furnace at any time. At this point, the setting... And remain stable until the preheating of the scrap steel in that batch is completed.

[0071] It should be noted that the numerical values ​​mentioned above are merely exemplary values ​​for the purpose of illustrating the technical solution, and are not intended to limit the technical solution claimed by this utility model. Furthermore, it should be noted that all formulas or models in this utility model are derived by the inventor based on experimental and engineering applications, and all calculations are obtained by substituting the converted values ​​into the formulas according to prescribed units (after unit conversion, only the numerical value is substituted into the formula for calculation, not the unit; the unit is only used to adjust the magnitude of the numerical value).

[0072] In this invention, the length of the inclined feeding and preheating channel is 0.3~100m, preferably 0.5~80m, and more preferably 1~50m. The width of the inclined feeding and preheating channel is 0.3~30m, preferably 0.5~20m, and more preferably 1~15m. The depth of the inclined feeding and preheating channel is 0.3~15m, preferably 0.5~10m, and more preferably 1~8m.

[0073] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0074] 1. This invention significantly improves energy efficiency: Traditional scrap steel preheating methods cannot effectively determine the preheating temperature and have inaccurate outlet negative pressure control, resulting in a large amount of unused heat from high-temperature flue gas and energy waste. This invention optimizes the tilt angle and the spacing of the baffle claws, and precisely controls the temperature and pressure during the scrap steel preheating process, achieving the best match between scrap steel and flue gas. Verification shows that for every ton of scrap steel preheated, the natural gas consumption of the steel melting furnace is reduced by approximately 10 cubic meters, and energy efficiency is increased by approximately 20%, resulting in significant savings in production costs.

[0075] 2. This invention significantly improves the preheating effect of scrap steel: In traditional preheating methods, some scrap steel accumulates in the trough, leading to uneven heating and a temperature deviation of ±200℃ after preheating. This invention adapts the scrap steel characteristics to the tilt angle, avoiding scrap steel accumulation. The precise spacing of the baffle claws ensures the permeability of high-temperature flue gas, reducing the scrap steel temperature deviation to ±20℃. This not only increases the preheating temperature of the scrap steel but also reduces the temperature difference between different scrap steel blocks, providing better raw material conditions for the subsequent smelting process.

[0076] 3. This invention significantly reduces operating costs: Traditional preheating devices that use a motor-driven mechanism to assist in the movement of scrap steel incurred daily electricity costs of up to 500 yuan (based on an industrial electricity rate of 1 yuan per kilowatt-hour) with a 50kW motor driving the device for 10 hours of operation. This invention, through optimized tilting angles, allows the scrap steel to slide down naturally under gravity, eliminating the need for a motor drive and saving up to 180,000 yuan in electricity costs annually. This not only reduces operating energy consumption but also lowers the costs of purchasing and maintaining the motor drive, bringing significant economic benefits to enterprises.

[0077] 4. This invention significantly enhances the operational stability and lifespan of the equipment: In traditional vertical shaft scrap preheating devices, the excessively fast falling speed of scrap steel results in significant impact on the retaining claws and trough. Statistics show that the retaining claws fail an average of three times per month, and the trough requires two major overhauls per year. The technical solution of this invention, through a reasonable tilt angle, reduces the impact of scrap steel on the retaining claws and trough, thus reducing wear and fatigue of equipment components. The average number of times the retaining claws fail is reduced to once per month, and the trough only requires one major overhaul per year. This significantly extends the overall service life of the equipment and substantially reduces maintenance and replacement costs. Attached Figure Description

[0078] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system described in this utility model.

[0079] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the breathable material blocking mechanism of this utility model when it is a material blocking claw.

[0080] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the control device of this utility model and other components.

[0081] Reference numerals: 1: Inclined feeding and preheating channel; 101: Ventilated baffle mechanism; 102: Material separator plate; 103: Upper temporary storage chamber; 104: Lower preheating chamber; 105: Exhaust port; 106: Temperature monitoring device; 107: Pressure control device; 108: Material separator drive motor; 109: Material baffle drive motor; 1011: Cooling medium channel; 1012: Cooling medium inlet; 1013: Cooling medium outlet; 2: Melting furnace; 201: Molten metal outlet; 3: Heating device; 301: Heating burner; 302: Electromagnetic heater; 4: Lifting angle adjustment mechanism; 401: Hydraulic cylinder; 402: Lifting support rod; 5: Thermal imager; 6: Control device. Detailed Implementation

[0082] The technical solution of this utility model is illustrated below. The scope of protection of this utility model includes, but is not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0083] A system for preheating and melting solid materials includes an inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 and a melting furnace 2. The bottom outlet of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 is connected to the upper part of the furnace cavity of the melting furnace 2. A permeable baffle mechanism 101 is provided at the bottom of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1. A molten liquid outlet 201 is provided at the bottom of the melting furnace 2. A heating device 3 is also provided inside the melting furnace 2. Preferably, the inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 is less than 90°, preferably 5°~55°, and more preferably 10°~80°.

[0084] Preferably, a partition plate 102 is provided inside the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 to divide the inner cavity of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 into an upper temporary storage cavity 103 and a lower preheating cavity 104. A smoke exhaust port 105 is provided on the upper cavity wall of the lower preheating cavity 104. A ventilated baffle mechanism 101 is provided at the bottom of the lower preheating cavity 104.

[0085] Preferably, a temperature monitoring device 106 and / or a pressure control device 107 are also provided at the flue gas outlet 105. Preferably, the temperature monitoring device 106 is a thermocouple. The pressure control device 107 consists of a pressure sensor and a speed-regulating fan.

[0086] Preferably, the top end of the partition plate 102 extends through the top wall of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 and then to the outside of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1. A partition drive motor 108 connected to the top end of the partition plate 102 is provided on the top wall surface of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1. The partition drive motor 108 drives the partition plate 102 to move up and down in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1, thereby realizing the connection or isolation between the upper temporary storage chamber 103 and the lower preheating chamber 104.

[0087] Preferably, the ventilated material blocking mechanism 101 is a material blocking claw. A material blocking drive motor 109, connected to the ventilated material blocking mechanism 101, is also provided at the bottom end of the lower preheating chamber 104. The material blocking drive motor 109 drives the ventilated material blocking mechanism 101 to swing and lower in an arc-like manner, thereby blocking and opening the inclined material feeding and the bottom outlet of the preheating channel 1. Preferably, the number of blocking claws in the ventilated material blocking mechanism 101 is 2 to 30, preferably 3 to 20. The width of a single blocking claw is 2 to 20 cm, preferably 3 to 10 cm. The distance between two adjacent blocking claws is 1 to 15 cm, preferably 2 to 8 cm.

[0088] Preferably, a cooling medium channel 1011, a cooling medium inlet 1012, and a cooling medium outlet 1013 connected to the cooling medium channel 1011 are also provided inside the ventilated baffle mechanism 101.

[0089] Preferably, the heating device 3 includes a heating burner 301 and an electromagnetic heater 302. The heating burner 301 is disposed in the upper part of the inner cavity of the melting furnace 2. The electromagnetic heater 302 is disposed in the lower part of the inner cavity of the melting furnace 2. Preferably, both the heating burner 301 and the electromagnetic heater 302 are disposed on the side away from the molten metal outlet 201. Preferably, the feed end of the molten metal outlet 201 is an overflow design that is higher than the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the melting furnace 2.

[0090] Preferably, the system also includes a lifting angle adjustment mechanism 4. The lifting angle adjustment mechanism 4 includes a hydraulic cylinder 401 and a lifting support rod 402. The hydraulic cylinder 401 is positioned on the ground below the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1. The bottom end of the lifting support rod 402 is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 401, and the top end of the lifting support rod 402 is connected to the upper bottom wall of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1. The bottom end of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 is hinged to the furnace wall of the melting furnace 2. The hydraulic cylinder 401, through the lifting and lowering of the lifting support rod 402, drives the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 to rotate vertically with its bottom end as the rotation center, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1.

[0091] Preferably, the system also includes a thermal imager 5, which is mounted on the top wall of the inner cavity of the melting furnace 2.

[0092] Preferably, the system also includes a control device 6, which is associated with and coordinates the working status of the temperature monitoring device 106, the pressure control device 107, the material separation drive motor 108, the material blocking drive motor 109, the heating device 3, the lifting angle adjustment mechanism 4, and the thermal imager 5.

[0093] Example 1

[0094] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a system for preheating and melting solid materials is disclosed. The system includes an inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 and a melting furnace 2. The bottom outlet of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 is connected to the upper part of the furnace cavity of the melting furnace 2. A permeable baffle mechanism 101 is provided at the bottom of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1. A molten liquid outlet 201 is provided at the bottom of the melting furnace 2. A heating device 3 is also provided inside the melting furnace 2.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] Repeat Example 1, except that the inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 is 5°~85°.

[0097] Example 3

[0098] Repeat Example 2, except that the inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 is 10°~80°.

[0099] Example 4

[0100] Repeat Example 3, except that the inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 is 30°~60°.

[0101] Example 5

[0102] The embodiment 4 is repeated, except that a partition plate 102 is provided in the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 to divide the inner cavity of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 into an upper temporary storage cavity 103 and a lower preheating cavity 104. A smoke exhaust port 105 is provided on the upper cavity wall of the lower preheating cavity 104. A ventilated baffle mechanism 101 is provided at the bottom of the lower preheating cavity 104.

[0103] Example 6

[0104] The embodiment 5 is repeated, except that a temperature monitoring device 106 and a pressure control device 107 are also provided at the smoke exhaust port 105.

[0105] Example 7

[0106] Example 6 is repeated, except that the temperature monitoring device 106 is a thermocouple. The pressure control device 107 consists of a pressure sensor and a speed-regulating fan.

[0107] Example 8

[0108] The embodiment 7 is repeated, except that the top of the partition plate 102 extends through the top wall of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 and extends to the outside of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1. A partition drive motor 108 connected to the top of the partition plate 102 is provided on the top wall surface of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1. The partition drive motor 108 drives the partition plate 102 to move up and down in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1, thereby realizing the connection or isolation between the upper temporary storage chamber 103 and the lower preheating chamber 104.

[0109] Example 9

[0110] Example 8 is repeated, except that the ventilated material blocking mechanism 101 is a material blocking claw. At the bottom of the lower preheating chamber 104, a material blocking drive motor 109 connected to the ventilated material blocking mechanism 101 is also provided. The material blocking drive motor 109 drives the ventilated material blocking mechanism 101 to swing and lower in an arc, thereby realizing the blocking and opening of the ventilated material blocking mechanism 101 for the inclined material feeding and the bottom outlet of the preheating channel 1.

[0111] Example 10

[0112] Example 9 is repeated, except that the number of stoppers in the breathable material blocking mechanism 101 is 8. The width of a single stopper is 5cm. The distance between two adjacent stoppers is 4cm.

[0113] Example 11

[0114] The embodiment 10 is repeated, except that a cooling medium channel 1011, a cooling medium inlet 1012, and a cooling medium outlet 1013 connected to the cooling medium channel 1011 are also provided inside the ventilated baffle mechanism 101.

[0115] Example 12

[0116] The embodiment 11 is repeated, except that the heating device 3 includes a heating burner 301 and an electromagnetic heater 302. The heating burner 301 is disposed in the upper part of the inner cavity of the melting furnace 2. The electromagnetic heater 302 is disposed in the lower part of the inner cavity of the melting furnace 2.

[0117] Example 13

[0118] Example 12 is repeated, except that both the heating burner 301 and the electromagnetic heater 302 are located on the side away from the molten outlet 201.

[0119] Example 14

[0120] Repeat Example 13, except that the feed end of the molten metal outlet 201 is an overflow design that is higher than the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the melting furnace 2.

[0121] Example 15

[0122] The system repeats Embodiment 14, except that it also includes a lifting angle adjustment mechanism 4. The lifting angle adjustment mechanism 4 includes a hydraulic cylinder 401 and a lifting support rod 402. The hydraulic cylinder 401 is positioned on the ground below the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1. The bottom end of the lifting support rod 402 is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 401, and the top end of the lifting support rod 402 is connected to the upper bottom wall of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1. The bottom end of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 is hinged to the furnace wall of the melting furnace 2. The hydraulic cylinder 401, through the lifting and lowering of the lifting support rod 402, drives the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1 to rotate vertically with its bottom end as the center of rotation, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel 1.

[0123] Example 16

[0124] The same applies to embodiment 15, except that the system also includes a thermal imager 5, which is mounted on the top wall of the inner cavity of the melting furnace 2.

[0125] Example 17

[0126] Repeat Example 16, except that the system also includes a control device 6, which is associated with and coordinates the working status of the temperature monitoring device 106, the pressure control device 107, the material separation drive motor 108, the material blocking drive motor 109, the heating device 3, the lifting angle adjustment mechanism 4, and the thermal imager 5.

[0127] The system of this utility model is used as follows: First, open the partition plate 102 and the ventilated baffle mechanism 101, and then use a disk to suck up 400 kg of scrap steel to the upper temporary storage chamber 103 and let it slide down automatically until it enters the melting furnace 2; then close the ventilated baffle mechanism 101 and simultaneously use a disk to suck up 300 kg of scrap steel to the upper temporary storage chamber 103 and let it slide down automatically into the lower preheating chamber 104; finally, close the partition plate 102 and continue to use a disk to suck up 300 kg of scrap steel to the upper temporary storage chamber 103 for temporary storage. First, the heating burner 301 is started to heat and melt 400 kg of scrap steel in the melting furnace 2. When the accumulated molten steel at the bottom of the furnace submerges the electromagnetic heater 302, the electromagnetic heater 302 is started to further melt the scrap steel. When the thermal imager 5 detects that there is no exposed scrap steel in the molten steel, the ventilated baffle mechanism 101 is opened to allow the preheated 300 kg of scrap steel to slide down into the melting furnace 2 for melting. Then, the ventilated baffle mechanism 101 is closed and the baffle plate 102 is opened to allow the 300 kg of scrap steel temporarily stored to be preheated to slide down into the lower preheating chamber 104 for preheating. Then, the baffle plate 102 is closed and the 300 kg of scrap steel is picked up by the disk and temporarily stored in the upper temporary storage chamber 103. The above operation is repeated until all the scrap steel is melted.

Claims

1. A system for preheating and melting solid materials, characterized in that: The system includes an inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) and a melting furnace (2); the bottom outlet of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) is connected to the upper part of the furnace cavity of the melting furnace (2); a permeable baffle mechanism (101) is provided at the bottom of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1); a melt outlet (201) is provided at the bottom of the melting furnace (2); a heating device (3) is also provided in the melting furnace (2); the inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) is less than 90°.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) is 5°~85°.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) is 10°~80°.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A partition plate (102) is provided in the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) to divide the inner cavity of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) into an upper temporary storage cavity (103) and a lower preheating cavity (104); a smoke exhaust port (105) is provided on the upper cavity wall of the lower preheating cavity (104); a breathable baffle mechanism (101) is provided at the bottom of the lower preheating cavity (104).

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A temperature monitoring device (106) and / or a pressure control device (107) are also installed at the smoke exhaust outlet (105).

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature monitoring device (106) is a thermocouple; the pressure control device (107) consists of a pressure sensor and a speed-regulating fan.

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the partition plate (102) extends through the top wall of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) and then to the outside of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1); a partition drive motor (108) connected to the top of the partition plate (102) is provided on the top wall surface of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1). The partition plate (102) is driven to move up and down in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) by the partition drive motor (108), thereby realizing the connection or separation between the upper temporary storage chamber (103) and the lower preheating chamber (104).

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The permeable material blocking mechanism (101) is a material blocking claw; at the bottom of the lower preheating chamber (104), a material blocking drive motor (109) connected to the permeable material blocking mechanism (101) is also provided. The permeable material blocking mechanism (101) is driven by the material blocking drive motor (109) to swing and lower in an arc, thereby realizing the blocking and opening of the permeable material blocking mechanism (101) at the bottom outlet of the inclined material feeding and preheating channel (1).

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The number of pawls in the breathable material blocking mechanism (101) is 2 to 30; the width of a single pawl is 2 to 20 cm; and the distance between two adjacent pawls is 1 to 15 cm.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The number of pawls in the breathable material blocking mechanism (101) is 3 to 20; the width of a single pawl is 3 to 10 cm; and the distance between two adjacent pawls is 2 to 8 cm.

11. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inside of the ventilated baffle mechanism (101) is also provided with a cooling medium channel (1011) and a cooling medium inlet (1012) and a cooling medium outlet (1013) connected to the cooling medium channel (1011).

12. The system according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that: The heating device (3) includes a heating burner (301) and an electromagnetic heater (302); the heating burner (301) is located in the upper part of the inner cavity of the melting furnace (2); the electromagnetic heater (302) is located in the lower part of the inner cavity of the melting furnace (2).

13. The system according to claim 12, characterized in that: The heating burner (301) and the electromagnetic heater (302) are both located on the side away from the melt outlet (201).

14. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that: The feed end of the molten liquid outlet (201) is designed to overflow above the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the melting furnace (2).

15. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The system also includes a lifting angle adjustment mechanism (4); the lifting angle adjustment mechanism (4) includes a hydraulic cylinder (401) and a lifting support rod (402); the hydraulic cylinder (401) is set on the ground below the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1), the bottom end of the lifting support rod (402) is connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (401), and the top end of the lifting support rod (402) is connected to the upper bottom wall of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1); the bottom end of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) is hinged to the furnace wall of the melting furnace (2); the hydraulic cylinder (401) drives the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1) to rotate in the vertical direction with its bottom end as the rotation center through the lifting of the lifting support rod (402), thereby realizing the adjustment of the tilt angle of the inclined feeding and preheating channel (1).

16. The system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The system also includes a thermal imager (5), which is mounted on the top wall of the inner cavity of the melting furnace (2).

17. The system according to claim 16, characterized in that: The system also includes a control device (6), which is associated with and coordinates the working status of the temperature monitoring device (106), the pressure control device (107), the material separation drive motor (108), the material blocking drive motor (109), the heating device (3), the lifting angle adjustment mechanism (4), and the thermal imager (5).

Images