Display module and display device

Abstract

A display module is provided, comprising: a light-emitting unit; and a dimming panel located on one side of the light-emitting direction of the light-emitting unit, the dimming panel comprising a first liquid crystal layer, the first liquid crystal layer comprising first liquid crystal molecules; an alignment layer comprising a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer located on both sides of the first liquid crystal layer along a first direction, the first direction being parallel to the light-emitting direction of the light-emitting unit; an electrode layer comprising a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer spaced apart along the first direction; and at least one polarizer, stacked with the light-emitting unit along the first direction, the at least one polarizer comprising a first polarizer close to the first liquid crystal layer; wherein, the thickness of the first liquid crystal layer along the first direction is a first thickness T1, the first thickness T1 satisfying the following formula: T1=0.25*i*λ / Δn; where λ ranges from 380nm to 780nm, i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4, and Δn is the difference between the extraordinary refractive index and the ordinary refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecules.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] Today, there is an increasing variety of display devices with screens, such as desktop computers, laptops, mobile phones, and e-readers. These consumer electronics products are becoming more and more integrated into people's work and daily lives. The "information leakage" caused by "visual intrusion" in public offices is gradually gaining attention, thus increasing the demand for screen privacy protection. How to design privacy structures to achieve better privacy effects is one of the key issues that display product developers are focusing on.

[0003] The information disclosed in this section is only for understanding the background of the inventive concept of this utility model. Therefore, the above information may include information that does not constitute prior art. Utility Model Content

[0004] In one aspect, a display module is provided, the display module comprising:

[0005] The display module includes:

[0006] Light-emitting unit; and

[0007] A dimming panel is located on one side of the light-emitting unit in the light-emitting direction, and the dimming panel includes...

[0008] A first liquid crystal layer, the first liquid crystal layer comprising first liquid crystal molecules;

[0009] The alignment layer includes a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer located on both sides of the first liquid crystal layer along the first direction, wherein the first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the light-emitting unit;

[0010] The electrode layer includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer spaced apart in a first direction; and

[0011] At least one polarizer is stacked with the light-emitting unit along the first direction, and the at least one polarizer includes a first polarizer close to the first liquid crystal layer;

[0012] Wherein, the thickness of the first liquid crystal layer along the first direction is the first thickness, and the first thickness T1 satisfies the following formula: T1=0.25*i*λ / Δn; where λ ranges from 380nm to 780nm, i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4, and Δn is the difference between the extraordinary light refractive index and the ordinary light refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecule.

[0013] According to some exemplary embodiments, the display module further includes a second liquid crystal layer located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the light-emitting unit. The second liquid crystal layer includes dye molecules and second liquid crystal molecules, with the long axis of the dye molecules parallel to the first direction.

[0014] According to some exemplary embodiments, the alignment directions of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are both the first alignment direction, and the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer intersects with the first alignment direction.

[0015] According to some exemplary embodiments, the angle between the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer and the first alignment direction is 40°-50°.

[0016] According to some exemplary embodiments, the display module includes scan lines extending along a second direction and data lines extending along a third direction, wherein the first alignment direction intersects the second direction, and / or the first alignment direction intersects the third direction.

[0017] According to some exemplary embodiments, the first electrode layer is located on the side of the first alignment layer away from the first liquid crystal layer, and the second electrode layer is located on the side of the second alignment layer away from the first liquid crystal layer.

[0018] According to some exemplary embodiments, the first liquid crystal layer further includes dye molecules, the long axis of which is parallel to the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecules; and

[0019] The dye molecules in the first liquid crystal layer account for 2.5 wt% to 30 wt%, or...

[0020] The dye molecules in the first liquid crystal layer account for 5wt%-15wt%.

[0021] According to some exemplary embodiments, the electrode layer is located on the side of the first alignment layer away from the first liquid crystal layer. The first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode strips spaced apart, and the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode strips spaced apart. The orthographic projections of the plurality of second electrode strips onto the first alignment layer at least partially fall within the interval region of the orthographic projections of the plurality of first electrode strips onto the first alignment layer; and

[0022] The display module further includes a second liquid crystal layer, which is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer near the light-emitting unit. The second liquid crystal layer includes dye molecules and second liquid crystal molecules, and the long axis of the dye molecules is parallel to the first direction.

[0023] According to some exemplary embodiments, the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer intersects the extension direction of the first electrode strip.

[0024] According to some exemplary embodiments, the angle between the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer and the extension direction of the first electrode strip is 85°-95°.

[0025] According to some exemplary embodiments, the display module includes scan lines extending along a second direction and data lines extending along a third direction;

[0026] The first electrode strip extends in a direction parallel to the second direction, or the first electrode strip extends in a direction parallel to the third direction.

[0027] According to some exemplary embodiments, the display module further includes a liquid crystal display structure, the liquid crystal display structure being located on the side of the second liquid crystal layer near the light-emitting unit, and the first polarizer being located on the side of the liquid crystal display structure near the second liquid crystal layer; or,

[0028] The display module further includes a liquid crystal display structure, which is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the light-emitting unit, and the first polarizer is located on the side of the liquid crystal display structure closer to the first liquid crystal layer.

[0029] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of Δn ranges from 0.08 to 0.3.

[0030] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of Δn ranges from 0.09 to 0.28, and / or the value of T1 ranges from 2 μm to 20 μm.

[0031] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of Δn ranges from 0.15 to 0.26, and / or the value of T1 ranges from 5 μm to 10 μm.

[0032] In another aspect, a display module is provided, the display module comprising:

[0033] Light-emitting unit; and

[0034] A dimming panel is located on one side of the light-emitting unit in the light-emitting direction, and the dimming panel includes...

[0035] A first liquid crystal layer, the first liquid crystal layer comprising first liquid crystal molecules;

[0036] The alignment layer includes a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer located on both sides of the first liquid crystal layer along the first direction, wherein the first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the light-emitting unit; and

[0037] An electrode layer is located on the side of the first alignment layer away from the first liquid crystal layer. The electrode layer includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, which are spaced apart. The first electrode layer includes a plurality of spaced-apart first electrode strips, and the second electrode layer includes a plurality of spaced-apart second electrode strips. The orthographic projections of the plurality of second electrode strips onto the first alignment layer at least partially fall within the spaced regions of the orthographic projections of the plurality of first electrode strips onto the first alignment layer.

[0038] The display module further includes a second liquid crystal layer, which is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer near the light-emitting unit. The second liquid crystal layer includes dye molecules and second liquid crystal molecules, with the long axis of the dye molecules parallel to the first direction.

[0039] In another aspect, a display device is provided, the display device comprising a display module as described in any of the preceding claims. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and will help to provide a comprehensive understanding of the invention.

[0041] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a privacy protection principle of a display module in the related technology.

[0042] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a display module in the related art is shown schematically.

[0043] Figure 3A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 3B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0044] Figure 4 A schematic plan view of a display module according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0045] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a plan view of the first liquid crystal layer of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0047] Figure 7AA schematic diagram of the display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 7B A schematic diagram illustrating the display principle of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0048] Figure 8A A schematic diagram of the display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 8B A schematic diagram illustrating the display principle of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0049] Figure 9A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 9B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0050] Figure 10A A schematic diagram of the display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 10B A schematic diagram illustrating the display principle of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0051] Figure 11A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 11B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0052] Figure 12 A schematic plan view of a first liquid crystal layer in a display module according to some embodiments of the present invention in a first state is shown.

[0053] Figure 13A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 13B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0054] Figure 14 A schematic plan view of the electrode layer in a display module according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0055] Figure 15 A schematic plan view of the electrode layer in a display module according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0056] Figure 16A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 16B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0057] Figure 17A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 17B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0058] It should be noted that, for clarity, the dimensions of layers, structures, or regions in the drawings used to describe embodiments of the present invention may be enlarged or reduced, i.e., these drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Detailed Implementation

[0059] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth for illustrative purposes to provide a comprehensive understanding of various exemplary embodiments. However, it will be apparent that various exemplary embodiments may be implemented without these specific details or with one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures and apparatuses are shown in block diagram form to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the various exemplary embodiments. Furthermore, the various exemplary embodiments may be different, but not necessarily exclusive. For example, specific shapes, configurations, and characteristics of exemplary embodiments may be used or implemented in another exemplary embodiment without departing from the inventive concept.

[0060] In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions and relative dimensions of the elements may be enlarged for clarity and / or descriptive purposes. Thus, the dimensions and relative dimensions of the individual elements are not necessarily limited to those shown in the drawings. When exemplary embodiments can be implemented differently, the specific process sequence may be performed differently than the order described. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order of description. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same elements.

[0061] When an element is described as being "on" another element, "connected to" another element, or "attached to" another element, the element may be directly on, directly connected to, or directly attached to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements present. However, when an element is described as being "directly on" another element, "directly connected to" another element, or "directly attached to" another element, there are no intermediate elements. Other terms and / or expressions used to describe relationships between elements should be interpreted in a similar manner, such as "between" versus "directly between," "adjacent" versus "directly adjacent," or "on" versus "directly on," etc. Furthermore, the term "connection" can refer to a physical connection, an electrical connection, a communication connection, and / or a fluid connection. Additionally, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are not limited to the three axes of a Cartesian coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis may be perpendicular to each other, or may represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other. For the purposes of this invention, "at least one of X, Y, and Z" and "at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z" can be interpreted as only X, only Y, only Z, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z such as XYZ, XY, YZ, and XZ. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed related items.

[0062] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc., may be used herein to describe different elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, a first element may be named a second element, and similarly, a second element may be named a first element.

[0063] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a privacy protection principle of a display module in the related technology. Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a display module in the related art is shown schematically.

[0064] Currently, there are two main technologies for implementing privacy protection in display modules: non-switchable privacy protection and switchable privacy protection. In non-switchable privacy protection, refer to... Figure 1 The common way to achieve privacy is to apply a privacy film to the display module, making it difficult to see the display screen in the areas on both sides of the display module. However, the application scenario of applying a privacy film is limited, it cannot switch from privacy mode to shared mode, and it is also prone to producing moiré patterns, affecting the visual effect.

[0065] Another type is switchable privacy protection. The mainstream implementation method is to add a dimming LCD cell. By applying different voltages to the dimming LCD cell, the brightness of the screen side viewing angle can be adjusted. Generally, a privacy film or a narrow viewing angle light source is needed to achieve a better privacy protection effect.

[0066] Reference Figure 2 The display module may include a backlight module A1 and a liquid crystal display structure A2 located on the light-emitting side of the backlight module A1. To achieve switchable privacy protection, a privacy film is also provided between the backlight module A1 and the liquid crystal display structure A2. A dimming panel A3 is also provided on the side of the liquid crystal display structure A2 away from the backlight module A1. The dimming panel A3 includes a liquid crystal layer A31, two substrates A32 located on both sides of the liquid crystal layer A31, and two polarizers A33 located on the side of the two substrates away from the liquid crystal layer. Because polarizers A33 are provided on both sides of the dimming panel A3, and a privacy film A4 is retained to achieve a better privacy protection effect, the transmittance of the display module is relatively low, which leads to problems of low brightness and high power consumption.

[0067] Figure 3A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 3B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0068] Combined with reference Figure 3A and Figure 3B The display module includes a light-emitting unit 100 and a dimming panel 200 located on one side of the light-emitting unit 100 in a first direction D1, wherein the first direction D1 is parallel to the light-emitting direction of the light-emitting unit 100. The dimming panel 200 includes a first dimming panel 210 located on one side of the light-emitting direction of the light-emitting unit 100 and a second dimming panel 220 located on the side of the first dimming panel 210 away from the light-emitting unit 100.

[0069] The first dimming panel 210 includes a first liquid crystal layer 211, which includes first liquid crystal molecules LC1. An electrode layer 300 is disposed on at least one side of the first liquid crystal layer 211 along a first direction D1. The electrode layer 300 is configured to receive a first voltage or a second voltage. In response to the first voltage, such as… Figure 3B As shown, the major axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is parallel to the first direction D1. In response to the second voltage, as... Figure 3A As shown, the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 forms a preset angle with the first direction D1.

[0070] The second dimming panel 220 includes a second liquid crystal layer 221, which includes dye molecules DM. The long axis of the dye molecules DM is fixedly parallel to the first direction D1. That is, the arrangement direction of the dye molecules DM is fixed and will not rotate. The dye molecules DM are always arranged with their long axis parallel to the first direction D1.

[0071] It should be noted that, due to the influence of precision in manufacturing processes, it is difficult to achieve perfect parallelism between the two directions (e.g., the major axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is parallel to the first direction D1) in actual products. In this article, parallelism between two directions should be understood as an angle between the two directions being less than or equal to 10°; perpendicularity between two directions should be understood as an angle between the two directions being greater than or equal to 85° and less than or equal to 95°; and an angle between two directions of 45° should be understood as an angle between the two directions being greater than or equal to 40° and less than or equal to 50°.

[0072] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 3A The first dimming panel 210 further includes a first alignment layer 212 and a second alignment layer 213 located on both sides of the first liquid crystal layer 211 along the first direction D1. The first alignment layer 212 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 211 closer to the light-emitting unit 100, and the second alignment layer 213 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 211 away from the light-emitting unit 100. The alignment directions of the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213 are both the first alignment direction. When the electrode layer 300 is not energized, the long axis direction of the first liquid crystal molecules LC1 is aligned along the first alignment direction.

[0073] The display module also includes at least one polarizer POL located between the light-emitting unit 100 and the first liquid crystal layer 211. The at least one polarizer POL includes a first polarizer POL1 close to the first liquid crystal layer 211. The angle between the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 and the first alignment direction is approximately 45°. Due to the influence of manufacturing process and other precision requirements, in actual products, the angle between the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 and the first alignment direction is 40°-50°.

[0074] Figure 4 A schematic plan view of a display module according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a plan view of the first liquid crystal layer of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0075] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 4The display module includes a display area AA and a peripheral area NA located around the display area AA. Multiple scan lines SL and data lines DL are arranged within the display area AA. The multiple scan lines SL extend along the second direction D2 and are arranged along the third direction D3. The multiple data lines DL extend along the third direction D3 and are arranged along the second direction D2.

[0076] Combined with reference Figure 3A , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The first alignment direction intersects with the second direction D2, and / or the first alignment direction intersects with the third direction D3.

[0077] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 3A , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The angle between the first alignment direction and the second direction D2 is 45°, and the angle between the first alignment direction and the third direction D3 is 45°. When the electrode layer 300 is not energized, the angle between the major axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and the second direction D2 is 45°, and the angle between the major axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and the third direction D3 is 45°.

[0078] The transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the third direction D3 or the second direction D2, so that the angle between the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the first alignment direction is 45°.

[0079] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 5 The electrode layer 300 includes a first electrode layer 310 located on the side of the first alignment layer 212 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211, and a second electrode layer 320 located on the side of the second alignment layer 213 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211. The first dimming panel 210 also includes a first substrate 214 located on the side of the first electrode layer 310 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211, and a second substrate 215 located on the side of the second electrode layer 320 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211.

[0080] For example, the materials of the first substrate 214 and the second substrate 215 may include at least one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), cycloolefin polymer (COP), and glass.

[0081] Combined with reference Figure 3A and Figure 5When neither the first electrode layer 310 nor the second electrode layer 320 is energized, no electric field is formed between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320. The first liquid crystal molecules LC1 in the first liquid crystal layer 211 are aligned along the first alignment direction. The first liquid crystal molecules LC1 "lie down" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213. The angle between the long axis direction of the first liquid crystal molecules LC1 and the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 is 45°.

[0082] Reference Figure 3B When different voltages are applied to the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 respectively, a voltage difference exists between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320, which will form an electric field along the first direction D1. Under the action of this electric field, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is deflected. For example, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is a positive liquid crystal molecule. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is deflected so that its long axis is parallel to the first direction D1. That is to say, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 "stands" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213.

[0083] It should be noted that when neither the first electrode layer 310 nor the second electrode layer 320 is energized, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 does not lie completely parallel to the first alignment layer 212 or the second alignment layer 213. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 will have a certain angle with the first alignment layer 212 or the second alignment layer 213, which can be called the pretilt angle. This allows the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 to quickly respond and deflect after an electric field is formed between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320. For example, the pretilt angle can be 0.2°-10°, and optionally, it can be 2°-6°.

[0084] According to some exemplary embodiments, the materials of the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 include transparent conductive materials, such as indium tin oxide or indium zinc oxide. An insulating protective layer may also be disposed on the surface of the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320, and the material of the insulating protective layer may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or an organic insulating material.

[0085] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 3A The second liquid crystal layer 221 also includes a transparent substrate and a second liquid crystal molecule LC2. The transparent substrate is solid, and the dye molecule DM and the second liquid crystal molecule LC2 are doped in the transparent substrate. The long axis direction of the dye molecule DM and the long axis direction of the second liquid crystal molecule LC2 are both parallel to the first direction D1.

[0086] The second dimming panel 220 also includes a third substrate 222 and a fourth substrate 223 located on both sides of the second liquid crystal layer 221 along the first direction D1. For example, the materials of the third substrate 222 and the fourth substrate 223 may include at least one of PET, TAC, COP and glass.

[0087] Schematic, the formation process of the second liquid crystal layer 221 may include:

[0088] A liquid crystal wet film layer is formed on the third substrate 222. The liquid crystal wet film layer includes a transparent substrate precursor and second liquid crystal molecules LC2 and dye molecules DM doped in the transparent substrate precursor. A specific polymer is also added to the transparent substrate precursor, which allows the second liquid crystal molecules LC2 to align with their long axis parallel to the first direction D1. Simultaneously, the dye molecules DM align with the alignment direction of the second liquid crystal molecules LC2, i.e., the dye molecules DM are aligned with their long axis parallel to the first direction D1. The liquid transparent substrate precursor is cured into a solid transparent substrate, thereby ensuring that the second liquid crystal molecules LC2 and dye molecules DM are stably arranged in a vertically aligned state. The curing method can be photocuring or thermal curing.

[0089] It should be noted that in this paper, the dye molecule DM is a black dye molecule with dichroism. This dye molecule DM has strong absorption of light whose vibration direction is parallel to its long axis, weak absorption of light whose vibration direction is perpendicular to its long axis, and absorption of light whose vibration direction is inclined relative to its long axis is between the two.

[0090] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 3A The thickness of the first liquid crystal layer 211 along the first direction D1 is the first thickness T1, which satisfies the following formula:

[0091] T1 = 0.25 * i1 * λ * Δn;

[0092] Wherein, λ ranges from 380nm to 780nm, i1 is an even number greater than or equal to 2, and Δn is the difference between the unusual light refractive index and the ordinary light refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecule.

[0093] After setting the first thickness T1 of the first liquid crystal layer 211 according to the above formula, the first dimming panel 210 can have a half-wave plate function. When the angle between the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 and the first alignment direction is 45°, the first liquid crystal layer 211 can adjust the polarization direction of the light emitted from the first polarizer POL1 by 90° (45°*2).

[0094] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of λ ranges from 500nm to 650nm. For example, λ can be 500nm, 510nm, 520nm, 530nm, 540nm, 550nm, 560nm, 570nm, 580nm, 590nm, 600nm, 610nm, 620nm, 630nm, 640nm, or 650nm, etc.

[0095] According to some exemplary embodiments, i1 is 2 or 4.

[0096] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of Δn ranges from 0.08 to 0.3. Optionally, Δn can be 0.08, 0.1, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18, 0.2, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28, or 0.3, etc.

[0097] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 3A The display module also includes a liquid crystal display structure 400 located on one side of the light-emitting unit 100 in the light-emitting direction. The liquid crystal display structure 400 is disposed adjacent to the light-emitting unit 100, and the light-emitting unit 100 serves as the backlight source for the liquid crystal display structure 400. A first polarizer POL1 is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal display structure 400 away from the light-emitting unit 100. A second polarizer POL2 is also disposed on the side of the liquid crystal display structure 400 near the light-emitting unit 100, and the transmission axis direction of the second polarizer POL2 is perpendicular to the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1. The light-emitting unit 100, the second polarizer POL2, the liquid crystal display structure 400, and the first polarizer POL1 together constitute the liquid crystal display panel.

[0098] The liquid crystal display structure 400 may include an array substrate 410 and a color filter substrate 420 disposed opposite to each other, and a third liquid crystal layer 430 located between the array substrate 410 and the color filter substrate 420. The array substrate 410 may include a substrate and a driving circuit layer, an electrode layer, and an alignment layer sequentially disposed on the substrate. The color filter substrate 420 may include a substrate and a color filter layer, an electrode layer, and an alignment layer disposed on the substrate.

[0099] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0100] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 6 The display module includes a light-emitting unit 100, a first dimming panel 210 disposed on one side of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting unit 100, and a second dimming panel 220 disposed on the side of the first dimming panel 210 away from the light-emitting unit 100. The structures of the first dimming panel 210 and the second dimming panel 220 have been described in detail above and will not be repeated here.

[0101] The light-emitting unit 100 includes a substrate 110 and a plurality of light-emitting devices 120 disposed on the substrate 110, the plurality of light-emitting devices 120 being arranged in an array. A first polarizer POL1 is disposed on the side of the plurality of light-emitting devices 120 away from the substrate 110. The first polarizer POL1 is directly disposed on the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting unit 100 to convert the light emitted by the light-emitting unit 100 into linearly polarized light with a specific vibration direction.

[0102] For example, the multiple light-emitting devices 120 may include a first light-emitting device 121, a second light-emitting device 122, and a third light-emitting device 123. The first light-emitting device 121 emits red light, the second light-emitting device 122 emits green light, and the third light-emitting device 123 emits blue light. That is, the light-emitting unit 100 is a self-emissive display panel that can independently emit red, green, and blue light.

[0103] For example, the light-emitting device 120 may include an OLED device, a Micro LED device, or a Mini LED device. The light-emitting unit 100 may be an OLED display panel, a Micro LED display panel, or a Mini LED display panel.

[0104] Figure 7A A schematic diagram of the display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 7B A schematic diagram illustrating the display principle of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Specifically, to more clearly illustrate the modulation principle of the light polarization state by the first dimming panel, in... Figure 7A and Figure 7B In the diagram, the first dimming panel is shown in a three-dimensional form, while other structures besides the first dimming panel are shown in cross-sectional form.

[0105] The following combination Figures 3A-3B and Figures 7A-7B The display principle of the display module is explained.

[0106] Combined with reference Figure 3A , Figure 5 and Figure 7A The light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 passes through the second polarizer POL2 and the first polarizer POL1 on both sides of the liquid crystal display structure 400 in sequence, and is transformed into linearly polarized light. The vibration direction is determined by the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1. The transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the third direction D3. Therefore, the vibration direction of the light passing through the liquid crystal display structure 400 is parallel to the third direction D3.

[0107] In this state, neither the first electrode layer 310 nor the second electrode layer 320 in the first dimming panel 210 are energized, and no electric field is formed between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 lies between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213. The angle between the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and both the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 is 45°. The first dimming panel 210 functions as a half-wave plate. The angle between the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and the vibration direction of the light incident on the first dimming panel 210 is 45°. Therefore, the light emitted from the first dimming panel 210 is transformed into linearly polarized light vibrating along the second direction D2. It should be understood that the linearly polarized light vibrating along the second direction D2 described here does not mean that the vibration direction of all light rays is completely parallel to the second direction D2. For light rays incident perpendicularly to the first dimming panel 210, they still exit along a direction perpendicular to the first dimming panel 210, and their vibration direction is completely parallel to the second direction D2. For light rays incident obliquely to the first dimming panel 210 from the left or right sides, they are refracted within the first dimming panel 210 and exit along another direction oblique to the first dimming panel 210. The vibration direction of the exiting light rays has a component along the second direction D2, and in order to satisfy the characteristic that the vibration direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction, the vibration direction also has a component along the first direction D1. The greater the degree of obliqueness, the greater the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1.

[0108] Linearly polarized light vibrating along the second direction D2 is incident on the second dimming panel 220 and is selectively absorbed by the dye molecules DM within the panel, thus achieving a privacy protection effect. Light rays incident perpendicularly to the second dimming panel 220 have vibration directions completely parallel to the second direction D2, which are perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecules DM. The second dimming panel 220 absorbs this light weakly. Light rays incident at an angle from the left or right sides of the second dimming panel 220 have vibration components along both the second direction D2 and the first direction D1. The angle between this vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM is less than 90°. The greater the angle, the larger the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1, and the smaller the angle between the vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM, resulting in stronger absorption by the second dimming panel 220. Therefore, wide-angle light rays propagating to the left and right are absorbed to a certain extent by the second dimming panel 220, thus achieving a privacy display effect in the left-right direction.

[0109] Combined with reference Figure 3B and Figure 7BThe light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 passes through the second polarizer POL2 and the first polarizer POL1 on both sides of the liquid crystal display structure 400 in sequence, and is transformed into linearly polarized light. The vibration direction is determined by the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1. The transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the third direction D3. Therefore, the vibration direction of the light passing through the liquid crystal display structure 400 is parallel to the third direction D3.

[0110] In this state, different voltages are applied to the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320, creating a voltage difference that forms an electric field along the first direction D1. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is a positive liquid crystal molecule. Under the influence of this electric field, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 deflects so that its long axis is parallel to the first direction D1. In other words, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 "stands" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213, and the first dimming panel 210 does not function as a half-wave plate. The polarization state of light does not change before and after passing through the first dimming panel 210, and the polarization direction of the light emitted from the first dimming panel 210 remains the third direction D3.

[0111] The vibration direction of light incident vertically on the second dimming panel 220 and light incident obliquely on the second dimming panel 220 from the left or right is perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecule DM. The absorption of the aforementioned light by the dye molecule DM is relatively weak, thereby achieving a shared display effect in the left and right directions.

[0112] It should be noted that in this article, left and right refer to the left and right directions when the user is facing the display surface of the display module, and the second direction D2 can be the same as the left and right directions. Up and down refer to the up and down directions when the user is facing the display surface of the display module, and the third direction D3 can be the same as the up and down directions.

[0113] exist Figure 7A and Figure 7B In the diagram, the symbols marked to the right of the first polarizer POL and the second polarizer represent their transmission axis directions. Among them, the arrows pointing to the left and right indicate that the transmission axis direction is the second direction, and the circle containing an origin inside indicates that the transmission axis direction is the third direction.

[0114] Furthermore, the symbols marked on the right side of the light emitted from the first dimming panel represent its transmission axis direction and its polarization direction. Among them, the arrows pointing to the left and right represent the polarization direction as the second direction, and the circle containing an origin represents the polarization direction as the third direction.

[0115] The meanings of the other figures in this article are similar and will not be explained further below.

[0116] Figure 8A A schematic diagram of the display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 8B A schematic diagram illustrating the display principle of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0117] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 8A and Figure 8B The transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 can be parallel to the second direction D2. The display principle of this display module is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0118] Combined with reference to 3A, Figure 5 and Figure 8A The light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 passes through the second polarizer POL2 and the first polarizer POL1 on both sides of the liquid crystal display structure 400 in sequence, and is transformed into linearly polarized light. The vibration direction is determined by the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1. The transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the second direction D2. Therefore, the vibration direction of the light passing through the liquid crystal display structure 400 is parallel to the second direction D2.

[0119] In this state, neither the first electrode layer 310 nor the second electrode layer 320 in the first dimming panel 210 are energized, and no electric field is formed between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 lies between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213. The angle between the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 is 45°. The first dimming panel 210 functions as a half-wave plate. The angle between the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and the vibration direction of the light incident on the first dimming panel 210 is 45°. Therefore, the light emitted from the first dimming panel 210 is transformed into linearly polarized light vibrating along the third direction D3.

[0120] The vibration direction of light incident vertically on the second dimming panel 220 and light incident obliquely on the second dimming panel 220 from the left or right is perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecule DM. The absorption of the aforementioned light by the dye molecule DM is relatively weak, thereby achieving a shared display effect in the left and right directions.

[0121] Combined with reference Figure 3B and Figure 8BThe light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 passes sequentially through the second polarizer POL2 and the first polarizer POL1 on both sides of the liquid crystal display structure 400, transforming into linearly polarized light. The vibration direction is determined by the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1, which is parallel to the second direction D2. Therefore, the vibration direction of the light passing through the liquid crystal display structure 400 is parallel to the second direction D2. It should be understood that for light rays perpendicular to the incident light on the first polarizer POL1, they still exit along a direction perpendicular to the first polarizer POL1, and their vibration direction is completely parallel to the second direction D2. For light rays incident obliquely from the left or right sides onto the first polarizer POL1, they are refracted within the first polarizer POL1 and exit along another direction oblique to the first polarizer POL1. The vibration direction of the emitted light rays has a component along the second direction D2, and in order to satisfy the characteristic that the vibration direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction, the vibration direction also has a component along the first direction D1. The greater the degree of tilt, the greater the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1.

[0122] In this state, different voltages are applied to the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320, creating a voltage difference that forms an electric field along the first direction D1. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is a positive liquid crystal molecule. Under the influence of this electric field, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 deflects so that its long axis is parallel to the first direction D1. In other words, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 "stands" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213, and the first dimming panel 210 does not function as a half-wave plate. The polarization state of light does not change before and after passing through the first dimming panel 210, and the polarization direction of the light emitted from the first dimming panel 210 remains the second direction D2.

[0123] Linearly polarized light vibrating along the second direction D2 is incident on the second dimming panel 220 and is selectively absorbed by the dye molecules DM within the panel, thus achieving a privacy protection effect. Light rays incident perpendicularly to the second dimming panel 220 have vibration directions completely parallel to the second direction D2, which are perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecules DM. The second dimming panel 220 absorbs this light weakly. Light rays incident at an angle from the left or right sides of the second dimming panel 220 have vibration components along both the second direction D2 and the first direction D1. The angle between this vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM is less than 90°. The greater the angle, the larger the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1, and the smaller the angle between the vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM, resulting in stronger absorption by the second dimming panel 220. Therefore, wide-angle light rays propagating to the left and right are absorbed to a certain extent by the second dimming panel 220, thus achieving a privacy display effect in the left-right direction.

[0124] Figure 9A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 9B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0125] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 9A and Figure 9B The thickness of the first liquid crystal layer 211 along the first direction D1 is the first thickness T1, which satisfies the following formula:

[0126] T1 = 0.25 * i² * λ * Δn;

[0127] Where λ ranges from 380nm to 780nm, i2 is an odd number greater than or equal to 1, and Δn is the difference between the unusual light refractive index and the ordinary light refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecule.

[0128] After setting the first thickness T1 of the first liquid crystal layer 211 according to the above formula, the first dimming panel 210 can have a quarter-wave plate function. When the angle between the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 and the first alignment direction is 45°, the first liquid crystal layer 211 can adjust the linearly polarized light emitted from the first polarizer POL1 into circularly polarized light.

[0129] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of λ ranges from 500nm to 650nm. For example, λ can be 500nm, 510nm, 520nm, 530nm, 540nm, 550nm, 560nm, 570nm, 580nm, 590nm, 600nm, 610nm, 620nm, 630nm, 640nm, or 650nm, etc.

[0130] According to some exemplary embodiments, i2 is 1 or 3.

[0131] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of Δn ranges from 0.08 to 0.3. Optionally, Δn can be 0.08, 0.1, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18, 0.2, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28, or 0.3, etc.

[0132] Figure 10A A schematic diagram of the display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 10B A schematic diagram illustrating the display principle of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0133] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 10A and Figure 10B The transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the third polarizer D2.

[0134] Combined with reference Figure 9A , Figure 5 and Figure 10A The light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 passes through the second polarizer POL2 and the first polarizer POL1 on both sides of the liquid crystal display structure 400 in sequence, and is transformed into linearly polarized light. The vibration direction is determined by the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1. The transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the second direction D2. Therefore, the vibration direction of the light passing through the liquid crystal display structure 400 is parallel to the second direction D2.

[0135] In this state, neither the first electrode layer 310 nor the second electrode layer 320 in the first dimming panel 210 are energized, and no electric field is formed between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 lies between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213. The angle between the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 is 45°. The first dimming panel 210 functions as a quarter-wave plate. Since the angle between the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and the vibration direction of the light incident on the first dimming panel 210 is 45°, linearly polarized light with a vibration direction parallel to the second direction D2 is converted into circularly polarized light after exiting the first dimming panel 210.

[0136] Since the vibration direction of circularly polarized light rotates around the direction of light propagation, the vibration directions of light incident perpendicularly to the second dimming panel 220 and light incident obliquely to the second dimming panel 220 are not fixed. The dye molecules DM in the second dimming panel 220 do not specifically absorb light incident at various angles within the second dimming panel 220. The light passing through the second dimming panel 220 still includes light propagating in all directions, thereby achieving the effect of shared display.

[0137] Combined with reference Figure 9B and Figure 10BThe light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 passes sequentially through the second polarizer POL2 and the first polarizer POL1 on both sides of the liquid crystal display structure 400, transforming into linearly polarized light. The vibration direction is determined by the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1, which is parallel to the second direction D2. Therefore, the vibration direction of the light passing through the liquid crystal display structure 400 is parallel to the second direction D2. It should be understood that for light rays perpendicular to the incident light on the first polarizer POL1, they still exit along a direction perpendicular to the first polarizer POL1, and their vibration direction is completely parallel to the second direction D2. For light rays incident obliquely from the left or right sides onto the first polarizer POL1, they are refracted within the first polarizer POL1 and exit along another direction oblique to the first polarizer POL1. The vibration direction of the emitted light rays has a component along the second direction D2, and in order to satisfy the characteristic that the vibration direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction, the vibration direction also has a component along the first direction D1. The greater the degree of tilt, the greater the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1.

[0138] In this state, different voltages are applied to the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320, creating a voltage difference that forms an electric field along the first direction D1. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is a positive liquid crystal molecule. Under the influence of this electric field, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 deflects so that its long axis is parallel to the first direction D1. In other words, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 "stands" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213, and the first dimming panel 210 does not function as a quarter-wave plate. The polarization state of light does not change before and after passing through the first dimming panel 210, and the polarization direction of the light emitted from the first dimming panel 210 remains the second direction D2.

[0139] Linearly polarized light vibrating along the second direction D2 is incident on the second dimming panel 220 and is selectively absorbed by the dye molecules DM within the panel, thus achieving a privacy protection effect. Light rays incident perpendicularly to the second dimming panel 220 have vibration directions completely parallel to the second direction D2, which are perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecules DM. The second dimming panel 220 absorbs this light weakly. Light rays incident at an angle from the left or right sides of the second dimming panel 220 have vibration components along both the second direction D2 and the first direction D1. The angle between this vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM is less than 90°. The greater the angle, the larger the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1, and the smaller the angle between the vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM, resulting in stronger absorption by the second dimming panel 220. Therefore, wide-angle light rays propagating to the left and right are absorbed to a certain extent by the second dimming panel 220, thus achieving a privacy display effect in the left-right direction.

[0140] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Figures 9A-9B and Figures 10A-10B In the illustrated display module, the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 can also be set to be parallel to the third direction D3. With this setting, the switching between privacy display and shared display in the vertical direction can be realized.

[0141] It should be noted that the preceding explanation used a positive liquid crystal molecule LC1 as an example. Depending on the actual needs, a negative liquid crystal molecule can also be used as the first liquid crystal molecule LC1, and the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213 can be configured accordingly. This ensures that when neither the first electrode layer 310 nor the second electrode layer 320 is energized, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is vertically aligned (the major axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is parallel to the first direction D1). When different voltages are applied to the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320, forming an electric field along the first direction D1, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 "lies down," and the angle between the major axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and both the second direction D2 and the third direction D3 is 45°. Using a negative liquid crystal molecule as the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 also allows for switching between privacy display and shared display.

[0142] Figure 11A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 11B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 12 A schematic plan view of a first liquid crystal layer in a display module according to some embodiments of the present invention in a first state is shown.

[0143] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 11A and Figure 11B The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and the dye molecule DM are co-doped in the first liquid crystal layer 211. The arrangement direction (long axis direction) of the dye molecule DM is consistent with the arrangement direction of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1, and it will rotate together with the first liquid crystal molecule LC1.

[0144] The dimming panel 200 also includes a first alignment layer 212 and a second alignment layer 213 located on both sides of the first liquid crystal layer 211 along the first direction D1. The alignment directions of the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213 are both the second alignment direction. The first alignment layer 212 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 211 closer to the light-emitting unit 100, and the second alignment layer 213 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 211 away from the light-emitting unit 100.

[0145] The display module also includes at least one polarizer POL located between the light-emitting unit 100 and the first liquid crystal layer 211. The at least one polarizer POL includes a first polarizer POL1 close to the first liquid crystal layer 211, and the light transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 is perpendicular to the second alignment direction.

[0146] The electrode layer 300 includes a first electrode layer 310 located on the side of the first alignment layer 212 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211 and a second electrode layer 320 located on the side of the second alignment layer 213 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211. The first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 are used to form an electric field along the first direction D1 to adjust the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and the dye molecule DM, thereby realizing the switching between privacy display and shared display.

[0147] A first substrate 214 is disposed on the side of the first electrode layer 310 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211, and a second substrate 215 is disposed on the side of the second electrode layer 320 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211.

[0148] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figure 11A , Figure 11B and Figure 12 The transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the second direction D2, and the second alignment direction is parallel to the third direction D3.

[0149] Combined with reference Figure 11A and Figure 12 The light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 is transformed into linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of the second direction D2 after passing through the first polarizer POL1.

[0150] In this state, neither the first electrode layer 310 nor the second electrode layer 320 in the dimming panel 200 is energized, and no electric field is formed between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 lies between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213, and the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is parallel to the third alignment layer D3. The dye molecule DM is aligned with the first liquid crystal molecule LC1, and the dye molecule DM also lies between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213, with the long axis of the dye molecule DM parallel to the third alignment layer D3.

[0151] The vibration direction of light incident vertically on the second dimming panel 220 and light incident obliquely on the second dimming panel 220 from the left or right is perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecule DM. The absorption of the aforementioned light by the dye molecule DM is relatively weak, thereby achieving a shared display effect in the left and right directions.

[0152] Reference Figure 11BThe light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 is transformed into linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of the second direction D2 after passing through the first polarizer POL1. It should be understood that light rays perpendicular to the incident light source POL1 still exit along a direction perpendicular to the first polarizer POL1, and their vibration direction is completely parallel to the second direction D2. Light rays incident obliquely to the first polarizer POL1 from the left or right sides are refracted within the first polarizer POL1 and exit along a direction oblique to the first polarizer POL1. The vibration direction of the emitted light rays has a component along the second direction D2, and to satisfy the characteristic that the vibration direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction, the vibration direction also has a component along the first direction D1. The greater the degree of obliqueness, the greater the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1.

[0153] In this state, different voltages are applied to the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320, creating a voltage difference that forms an electric field along the first direction D1. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1, being a positive liquid crystal molecule, deflects under this electric field, aligning its long axis parallel to the first direction D1. In other words, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 "stands" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213. Simultaneously, the alignment direction of the dye molecule DM follows the deflection of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1, aligning its long axis parallel to the first direction D1.

[0154] Linearly polarized light vibrating along the second direction D2 is incident on the dimming panel 200 and selectively absorbed by the dye molecules DM within the dimming panel 200, thus achieving a privacy protection effect. Light rays incident perpendicularly to the dimming panel 200 have vibration directions completely parallel to the second direction D2, which is perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecules DM; the dimming panel 200 absorbs this light weakly. Light rays incident at an angle from the left or right sides of the dimming panel 200 have vibration directions with components along the second direction D2 and the first direction D1. The angle between this vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM is less than 90°, and the greater the angle, the larger the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1, and the smaller the angle between the vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM, the stronger the absorption by the dimming panel 200. Therefore, wide-angle light rays propagating to the left and right are absorbed to a certain extent by the dimming panel 200, thus achieving a privacy display effect in the left-right direction.

[0155] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 11A and Figure 11BThe first liquid crystal molecule LC1 can be a negative liquid crystal molecule, and the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is perpendicular to the direction of the electric field formed between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320. The display principle when a negative liquid crystal molecule is used as the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is explained below.

[0156] Reference Figure 11B The light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 is transformed into linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of the second direction D2 after passing through the first polarizer POL1. It should be understood that light rays perpendicular to the incident light source POL1 still exit along a direction perpendicular to the first polarizer POL1, and their vibration direction is completely parallel to the second direction D2. Light rays incident obliquely to the first polarizer POL1 from the left or right sides are refracted within the first polarizer POL1 and exit along a direction oblique to the first polarizer POL1. The vibration direction of the emitted light rays has a component along the second direction D2, and to satisfy the characteristic that the vibration direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction, the vibration direction also has a component along the first direction D1. The greater the degree of obliqueness, the greater the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1.

[0157] In this state, neither the first electrode layer 310 nor the second electrode layer 320 in the dimming panel 200 is energized, and no electric field is formed between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320. The first liquid crystal molecules LC1 are aligned with their long axis parallel to the first direction D1, meaning that the first liquid crystal molecules LC1 are "standing" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213. The dye molecules DM are aligned with the first liquid crystal molecules LC1, and the dye molecules DM are also aligned with their long axis parallel to the first direction D1.

[0158] Linearly polarized light vibrating along the second direction D2 is incident on the dimming panel 200 and selectively absorbed by the dye molecules DM within the dimming panel 200, thus achieving a privacy protection effect. Light rays incident perpendicularly to the dimming panel 200 have vibration directions completely parallel to the second direction D2, which is perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecules DM; the dimming panel 200 absorbs this light weakly. Light rays incident at an angle from the left or right sides of the dimming panel 200 have vibration directions with components along the second direction D2 and the first direction D1. The angle between this vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM is less than 90°, and the greater the angle, the larger the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1, and the smaller the angle between the vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM, the stronger the absorption by the dimming panel 200. Therefore, wide-angle light rays propagating to the left and right are absorbed to a certain extent by the dimming panel 200, thus achieving a privacy display effect in the left-right direction.

[0159] Combined with reference Figure 11A and Figure 12 The light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 is transformed into linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of the second direction D2 after passing through the first polarizer POL1.

[0160] In this state, different voltages are applied to the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320, creating a voltage difference that forms an electric field along the first direction D1. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1, being a negative liquid crystal molecule, is deflected from its "standing" state to "lying down" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213 under the influence of this electric field. The long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is parallel to the third direction D3. Simultaneously, the alignment direction of the dye molecule DM follows the deflection of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1. The dye molecule DM also deflects from its "standing" state to "lying down" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213, with its long axis parallel to the third direction D3.

[0161] The vibration direction of light incident vertically on the second dimming panel 220 and light incident obliquely on the second dimming panel 220 from the left or right is perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecule DM. The absorption of the aforementioned light by the dye molecule DM is relatively weak, thereby achieving a shared display effect in the left and right directions.

[0162] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Figure 11A and Figure 11B In the illustrated display module, the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 can be set to be parallel to the third direction D3, the second alignment directions of the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213 can be parallel to the second direction D2, and when the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and the dye molecule DM are "lying down", their major axis directions are parallel to the second direction D2. This configuration allows for switching between top / bottom privacy display and shared display.

[0163] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 11A and Figure 11B The display module also includes a liquid crystal display structure 400 located on one side of the light-emitting unit 100 in the light-emitting direction. The liquid crystal display structure 400 is disposed adjacent to the light-emitting unit 100, and a first polarizer POL1 is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal display structure 400 away from the light-emitting unit 100. A second polarizer POL2 is also disposed on the side of the liquid crystal display structure 400 near the light-emitting unit 100, and the transmission axis direction of the second polarizer POL2 is perpendicular to the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1. The liquid crystal display structure 400 may include an array substrate 410 and a color filter substrate 420 disposed opposite to each other, and a third liquid crystal layer 430 located between the array substrate 410 and the color filter substrate 420.

[0164] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Figure 11A and Figure 11B In the illustrated display module, the liquid crystal display structure 400 may be omitted. Instead, a self-emissive display panel may be used as the light-emitting unit 100, and a first polarizer POL1 may be placed on the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting unit 100. The specific structure can be referred to Figure 6 .

[0165] According to some exemplary embodiments, in the first liquid crystal layer 211, the mass percentage content of dye molecules DM is 2.5wt%-30wt%. Within this range, when the first liquid crystal molecule LC deflects, the dye molecules DM can respond quickly and deflect along with the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 to remain parallel to the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1, thereby realizing the switching between privacy display and shared display.

[0166] Optionally, in the first liquid crystal layer 211, the mass percentage of dye molecules DM is 5wt%-15wt%.

[0167] For example, in the first liquid crystal layer 211, the mass percentage of dye molecules DM is 5wt%, 6wt%, 7wt%, 8wt%, 9wt%, 10wt%, 11wt%, 12wt%, 13wt%, 14wt%, or 15wt%, etc.

[0168] Figure 13A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 13B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 14 A schematic plan view of the electrode layer in a display module according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0169] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 13A and Figure 13B The dimming panel 200 includes a first dimming panel 210 and a second dimming panel 220, with the first dimming panel 210 located on the side of the second dimming panel 220 away from the light-emitting unit 100.

[0170] The second dimming panel 220 includes a second liquid crystal layer 221, which comprises second liquid crystal molecules LC2, dye molecules DM, and a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate is solid, and the dye molecules DM and the second liquid crystal molecules LC2 are doped in the transparent substrate. The long axis directions of the dye molecules DM and the second liquid crystal molecules LC2 are both parallel to the first direction D1. The second dimming panel 220 also includes a third substrate 222 and a fourth substrate 223 located on both sides of the second liquid crystal layer 221 along the first direction D1.

[0171] The first dimming panel 210 includes a first liquid crystal layer 211, a first alignment layer 212 and a second alignment layer 213 on both sides of the first liquid crystal layer 211 along a first direction D1. The first alignment layer 212 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 211 closer to the light-emitting unit 100, and the second alignment layer 213 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 211 away from the light-emitting unit 100. The alignment directions of the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213 are both third alignment directions, which are parallel to the first direction D1. When no power is applied, the first liquid crystal molecules LC1 "stand" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213, and the first liquid crystal molecules LC1 are arranged with their long axis parallel to the first direction D1.

[0172] Combined with reference Figure 13A , Figure 13B and Figure 14 The first dimming panel 210 includes an electrode layer 300, which is located on the side of the first alignment layer 212 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211. The electrode layer 300 includes a first electrode layer 310 and a second electrode layer 320, which are spaced apart.

[0173] The first electrode layer 310 includes a plurality of first electrode strips 311 spaced apart. The orthographic projection of the second electrode layer 320 onto the first alignment layer 212 at least partially falls within the spaced region of the orthographic projections of the plurality of first electrode strips 311 onto the first alignment layer 212. The first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 are respectively subjected to different voltages to form a horizontal electric field, which can cause the first liquid crystal molecules LC1 to be arranged at an angle relative to the first direction D1.

[0174] The first dimming panel 210 also includes a first substrate 214 and a second substrate 215. The first substrate 214 is located on the side of the electrode layer 300 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211, and the second substrate 215 is located on the side of the second alignment layer 213 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211.

[0175] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 13A and Figure 14 The display module also includes at least one polarizer POL located between the light-emitting unit 100 and the second liquid crystal layer 221. The at least one polarizer POL includes a first polarizer POL1 closest to the second liquid crystal layer 221, and the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 intersects the extension direction of the first electrode strip 311.

[0176] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 13A and Figure 14The transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is approximately perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode strip 311. Due to the influence of manufacturing process and other precision requirements, in actual products, the angle between the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 and the extension direction of the first electrode strip 311 is 85°-95°.

[0177] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 14 The second electrode layer 320 includes a plurality of second electrode strips 321 spaced apart, the extension direction of the second electrode strips 321 being the same as the extension direction of the first electrode strips 311. The plurality of second electrode strips 321 and the plurality of first electrode strips 311 can be arranged alternately along the second direction D2.

[0178] The electrode layer 300 also includes a first electrode trace 331 and a second electrode trace 332. The first electrode trace 331 is electrically connected to a plurality of first electrode strips 311, and the second electrode trace 332 is electrically connected to a plurality of second electrode strips 321.

[0179] It should be noted that the plurality of first electrode strips 311 in the first electrode layer 310 and the plurality of second electrode strips 321 in the second electrode layer 320 can be formed by a film forming process and a patterning process.

[0180] Alternatively, the first electrode layer 310 can be configured to include only the first electrode strip 311, the second electrode layer 320 can be in the form of a full-surface electrode, and an insulating layer can be provided between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320.

[0181] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 14 The first electrode strip 311 and the second electrode strip 321, both projected onto the first alignment layer 212, are elongated rectangles. When different voltage signals are applied to the first and second electrode strips 311 and 321, which are elongated rectangles, an electric field is formed in a plane parallel to the first alignment layer 212. This electric field causes the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 to deflect from its "standing" state. The deflected first liquid crystal molecule LC1 diffuses light, thus switching the privacy display to a shared display. The specific principle is described later.

[0182] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 13A The thickness of the first liquid crystal layer 211 along the first direction D1 is the first thickness T1, which satisfies the following formula:

[0183] T1 = 0.25 * i * λ * Δn;

[0184] Where λ ranges from 380nm to 780nm, i is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and Δn is the difference between the unusual light refractive index and the ordinary light refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecule.

[0185] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of λ ranges from 500nm to 650nm. For example, λ can be 500nm, 510nm, 520nm, 530nm, 540nm, 550nm, 560nm, 570nm, 580nm, 590nm, 600nm, 610nm, 620nm, 630nm, 640nm, or 650nm, etc.

[0186] According to some exemplary embodiments, i is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0187] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of Δn ranges from 0.09 to 0.28. Optionally, Δn can be 0.09, 0.1, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18, 0.2, 0.22, 0.24, 0.26, or 0.28, etc.

[0188] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of Δn ranges from 0.15 to 0.26.

[0189] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of T1 ranges from 2μm to 20μm. Optionally, T1 can be 2μm, 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, 10μm, 11μm, 12μm, 13μm, 14μm, 15μm, 16μm, 17μm, 18μm, 19μm, or 20μm, etc.

[0190] According to some exemplary embodiments, the value of T1 ranges from 5μm to 10μm.

[0191] The following combination Figure 13A and Figure 13B The display principle of this display module will be explained. Figure 13A and Figure 13B In the schematic structure, the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the second direction D2, and the extension direction of the first electrode strip 311 is parallel to the third direction D3.

[0192] Reference Figure 13AThe light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 is transformed into linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of the second direction D2 after passing through the first polarizer POL1. It should be understood that light rays perpendicular to the incident light source POL1 still exit along a direction perpendicular to the first polarizer POL1, and their vibration direction is completely parallel to the second direction D2. Light rays incident obliquely to the first polarizer POL1 from the left or right sides are refracted within the first polarizer POL1 and exit along a direction oblique to the first polarizer POL1. The vibration direction of the emitted light rays has a component along the second direction D2, and to satisfy the characteristic that the vibration direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction, the vibration direction also has a component along the first direction D1. The greater the degree of obliqueness, the greater the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1.

[0193] Linearly polarized light vibrating along the second direction D2 is incident on the second dimming panel 220 and selectively absorbed by the dye molecules DM within the panel, thus achieving a privacy protection effect. Light rays incident perpendicularly to the second dimming panel 220 have vibration directions completely parallel to the second direction D2, which are perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecules DM. The second dimming panel 220 absorbs this light weakly. Light rays incident at an angle from the left or right sides of the second dimming panel 220 have vibration components along both the second direction D2 and the first direction D1. The angle between this vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM is less than 90°. The greater the angle, the stronger the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1, and the smaller the angle between the vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM, resulting in stronger absorption by the second dimming panel 220. Therefore, wide-angle light rays propagating to the left and right are absorbed to some extent by the second dimming panel 220, and the light rays emanating from the second dimming panel 220 are mostly emitted perpendicularly.

[0194] In this state, neither the first electrode layer 310 nor the second electrode layer 320 in the first dimming panel 210 are energized, and no electric field is formed between the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 "stands" between the first alignment layer 212 and the second alignment layer 213. The propagation direction of light passing through the first dimming panel 210 remains essentially unchanged, and the light emitted from the second dimming panel 220 is mostly vertical, thus achieving a privacy display effect in the left-right direction.

[0195] Reference Figure 13B and Figure 14 The light emitted from the light-emitting unit 100 is transformed into linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of the second direction D2 after passing through the first polarizer POL1.

[0196] It should be understood that light rays incident perpendicularly to the first polarizer POL1 still exit along a direction perpendicular to the first polarizer POL1, and their vibration direction is completely parallel to the second direction D2. Light rays incident obliquely to the first polarizer POL1 from the left or right sides undergo refraction within the first polarizer POL1 and exit along a direction oblique to the first polarizer POL1. The vibration direction of the exiting light ray has a component along the second direction D2, and to satisfy the characteristic that the vibration direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction, the vibration direction also has a component along the first direction D1. The greater the degree of obliqueness, the greater the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1.

[0197] Linearly polarized light vibrating along the second direction D2 is incident on the second dimming panel 220 and selectively absorbed by the dye molecules DM within the panel, thus achieving a privacy protection effect. Light rays incident perpendicularly to the second dimming panel 220 have vibration directions completely parallel to the second direction D2, which are perpendicular to the long axis of the dye molecules DM. The second dimming panel 220 absorbs this light weakly. Light rays incident at an angle from the left or right sides of the second dimming panel 220 have vibration components along both the second direction D2 and the first direction D1. The angle between this vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM is less than 90°. The greater the angle, the stronger the component of the vibration direction along the first direction D1, and the smaller the angle between the vibration direction and the long axis of the dye molecules DM, resulting in stronger absorption by the second dimming panel 220. Therefore, wide-angle light rays propagating to the left and right are absorbed to some extent by the second dimming panel 220, and the light rays emanating from the second dimming panel 220 are mostly emitted perpendicularly.

[0198] In this state, different voltages are applied to the first electrode layer 310 and the second electrode layer 320 in the first dimming panel 210. Since both the first electrode strip 311 and the second electrode strip 321 extend along the third direction D3, a horizontal electric field along the second direction D2 is formed between the first electrode strip 311 and the second electrode strip 321. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 is a positive liquid crystal molecule, which causes the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 to tilt to the left and / or right under this electric field. Therefore, the first dimming panel 210 can diffuse light to the left and right, thereby achieving a shared display effect in the left and right directions.

[0199] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Figure 13A , Figure 13B and Figure 14 In the illustrated display module, the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 can be parallel to the third direction D3, and the extension direction of the first electrode strip 311 can be parallel to the second direction D2. This allows for switching between privacy display and shared display in the vertical direction.

[0200] Figure 15 A schematic plan view of the electrode layer in a display module according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0201] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 15 The first electrode strip 311 includes a plurality of first electrode segments 311a connected along its extension direction, and the angle θ between the extension direction of at least one first electrode segment 311a and the extension direction of another adjacent first electrode segment 311a is greater than or equal to 90°. The first electrode strip 311 is a polygonal shape extending integrally along a third direction D3, and the shape of the second electrode strip 321 can be consistent with the shape of the first electrode strip 311.

[0202] This setting, combined with reference Figure 13B and Figure 15 A horizontal electric field along the third direction D3 is formed between the first electrode strip 311 and the second electrode strip 321, which allows the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 to tilt at a certain angle to the upper and lower sides. This allows the first dimming panel 210 to not only diffuse light to the left and right sides, but also to diffuse light to the upper and lower sides, thereby improving the viewing angle of the shared display.

[0203] Optionally, the included angle θ is greater than or equal to 140° and less than 180°. For example, the included angle θ can be 140°, 150°, 160° or 170°, etc.

[0204] It should be noted that the extension direction of the first electrode strip 311 should be understood as its overall extension direction. For example, for Figure 15 The schematic first electrode strip 311, which is zigzag-shaped, should be understood to extend along the third direction D3.

[0205] According to some exemplary embodiments, refer to Figure 13A and Figure 13B The display module also includes a liquid crystal display structure 400 located on one side of the light-emitting unit 100 in the light-emitting direction. The liquid crystal display structure 400 is arranged adjacent to the light-emitting unit 100 and is located between the light-emitting unit 100 and the second dimming panel 220.

[0206] The first polarizer POL1 is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal display structure 400 away from the light-emitting unit 100. A second polarizer POL2 is also disposed on the side of the liquid crystal display structure 400 closer to the light-emitting unit 100, the transmission axis of the second polarizer POL2 being perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1. The liquid crystal display structure 400 may include an array substrate 410 and a color filter substrate 420 disposed opposite to each other, and a third liquid crystal layer 430 located between the array substrate 410 and the color filter substrate 420.

[0207] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Figure 13A and Figure 13B In the illustrated display module, the liquid crystal display structure 400 may be omitted. Instead, a self-emissive display panel may be used as the light-emitting unit 100, and a first polarizer POL1 may be placed on the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting unit 100. The specific structure can be referred to Figure 6 .

[0208] Figure 16A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 16B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0209] According to some exemplary embodiments, in conjunction with reference to Figure 16A and Figure 16B The display module also includes a third polarizer POL3, which is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 211 away from the light-emitting unit 100. The third polarizer POL3 can be attached to the surface of the second substrate 215 away from the first liquid crystal layer 211, and the transmission axis of the third polarizer POL3 is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1. By setting this third polarizer POL3, the display contrast of the display module can be further improved.

[0210] Figure 17A A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a first state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown. Figure 17B A schematic cross-sectional view of a display module in a second state according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0211] According to some exemplary embodiments, in Figure 13A and Figure 13B Based on the illustrated display module, the position of the liquid crystal display structure 400 can be adjusted.

[0212] Combined with reference Figure 17A and Figure 17B The display module includes a light-emitting unit 100, a liquid crystal display structure 400, a first dimming panel 210, and a second dimming panel 220. The second dimming panel 220 is located on one side of the light-emitting unit 100 in the light-emitting direction and is adjacent to the light-emitting unit 100. The first dimming panel 210 is located on the side of the second dimming panel 220 away from the light-emitting unit 100. The liquid crystal display module is located on the side of the first dimming panel 210 away from the light-emitting unit 100.

[0213] The liquid crystal display structure 400 includes a first polarizer POL1 located near the first dimming panel 210 and a second polarizer POL2 located away from the first dimming panel 210. The transmission axis direction of the first polarizer POL1 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first electrode strip 311.

[0214] For example, in conjunction with reference Figure 14 and Figure 17A The transmission axis of the first polarizer POL1 is parallel to the second direction D2, and the first electrode strip 311 extends along the third direction D3. This configuration also allows for switching between privacy display and shared display modes.

[0215] At least some embodiments of this utility model also provide a display device, which includes the display module described above. The display device can include any device or product with display functionality. For example, the display device can be a smartphone, mobile phone, e-book reader, desktop computer (PC), laptop PC, netbook PC, personal digital assistant (PDA), portable multimedia player (PMP), digital audio player, mobile medical device, camera, wearable device (e.g., head-mounted device, electronic clothing, electronic bracelet, electronic necklace, electronic accessory, electronic tattoo, or smartwatch), television set, etc.

[0216] It should be understood that the display device according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention has all the features and advantages of the above-described display module, which can be referred to in the above description of the display module, and will not be repeated here.

[0217] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “approximately,” “about,” and other similar terms are used as terms of approximation rather than as terms of degree, and they are intended to account for inherent deviations in measured or calculated values ​​that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. Taking into account factors such as process variations, measurement problems, and errors associated with the measurement of a particular quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system), “approximately” or “about” as used herein includes the stated value and indicates that the particular value is within an acceptable range of deviation for one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, “approximately” may mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±10% or ±5% of the stated value.

[0218] While some embodiments of the general inventive concept of this utility model have been illustrated and described, those skilled in the art will understand that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the general inventive concept of this utility model, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A display module, wherein, The display module includes: Light-emitting unit; and A dimming panel is located on one side of the light-emitting unit in the light-emitting direction, and the dimming panel includes... A first liquid crystal layer, the first liquid crystal layer comprising first liquid crystal molecules; The alignment layer includes a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer located on both sides of the first liquid crystal layer along a first direction, wherein the first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the light-emitting unit; The electrode layer includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer spaced apart in a first direction; and At least one polarizer is stacked with the light-emitting unit along the first direction, and the at least one polarizer includes a first polarizer close to the first liquid crystal layer; Wherein, the thickness of the first liquid crystal layer along the first direction is the first thickness, and the first thickness T1 satisfies the following formula: T1=0.25*i*λ / Δn; where λ ranges from 380nm to 780nm, i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4, and Δn is the difference between the extraordinary light refractive index and the ordinary light refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecule.

2. The display module according to claim 1, wherein, The display module further includes a second liquid crystal layer, which is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the light-emitting unit. The second liquid crystal layer includes dye molecules and second liquid crystal molecules, and the long axis of the dye molecules is parallel to the first direction.

3. The display module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The alignment directions of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are both the first alignment direction, and the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer intersects with the first alignment direction.

4. The display module according to claim 3, wherein, The angle between the transmission axis direction of the first polarizer and the first alignment direction is 40°-50°.

5. The display module according to claim 3, wherein, The display module includes scan lines extending along a second direction and data lines extending along a third direction, wherein the first alignment direction intersects the second direction, and / or the first alignment direction intersects the third direction.

6. The display module according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 4, wherein, The first electrode layer is located on the side of the first alignment layer away from the first liquid crystal layer, and the second electrode layer is located on the side of the second alignment layer away from the first liquid crystal layer.

7. The display module according to claim 1, wherein, The first liquid crystal layer further includes dye molecules, the long axis of which is parallel to the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecules; and The dye molecules in the first liquid crystal layer account for 2.5wt%-30wt%, or... The dye molecules in the first liquid crystal layer account for 5wt%-15wt%.

8. The display module according to claim 1, wherein, The electrode layer is located on the side of the first alignment layer away from the first liquid crystal layer. The first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrode strips spaced apart, and the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second electrode strips spaced apart. The orthographic projection of the plurality of second electrode strips on the first alignment layer at least partially falls into the interval region of the orthographic projection of the plurality of first electrode strips on the first alignment layer. as well as The display module further includes a second liquid crystal layer, which is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer near the light-emitting unit. The second liquid crystal layer includes dye molecules and second liquid crystal molecules, and the long axis of the dye molecules is parallel to the first direction.

9. The display module according to claim 8, wherein, The transmission axis of the first polarizer intersects the extension direction of the first electrode strip.

10. The display module according to claim 9, wherein, The angle between the transmission axis of the first polarizer and the extension direction of the first electrode strip is 85°-95°.

11. The display module according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, The display module includes scan lines extending along a second direction and data lines extending along a third direction; The first electrode strip extends in a direction parallel to the second direction, or the first electrode strip extends in a direction parallel to the third direction.

12. The display module according to any one of claims 8-10, wherein, The display module further includes a liquid crystal display structure, which is located on the side of the second liquid crystal layer closer to the light-emitting unit, and the first polarizer is located on the side of the liquid crystal display structure closer to the second liquid crystal layer; or... The display module further includes a liquid crystal display structure, which is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the light-emitting unit, and the first polarizer is located on the side of the liquid crystal display structure closer to the first liquid crystal layer.

13. The display module according to claim 1, wherein, The value of Δn ranges from 0.08 to 0.

3.

14. The display module according to claim 8, wherein, The value of Δn ranges from 0.09 to 0.28, and / or the value of T1 ranges from 2 μm to 20 μm.

15. The display module according to claim 8, wherein, The value of Δn ranges from 0.15 to 0.26, and / or the value of T1 ranges from 5 μm to 10 μm.

16. A display module, wherein, The display module includes: Light-emitting unit; and A dimming panel is located on one side of the light-emitting unit in the light-emitting direction, and the dimming panel includes... A first liquid crystal layer, the first liquid crystal layer comprising first liquid crystal molecules; The alignment layer includes a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer located on both sides of the first liquid crystal layer along a first direction, wherein the first direction is parallel to the light emission direction of the light-emitting unit; and An electrode layer is located on the side of the first alignment layer away from the first liquid crystal layer. The electrode layer includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, which are spaced apart. The first electrode layer includes a plurality of spaced-apart first electrode strips, and the second electrode layer includes a plurality of spaced-apart second electrode strips. The orthographic projections of the plurality of second electrode strips onto the first alignment layer at least partially fall within the spaced regions of the orthographic projections of the plurality of first electrode strips onto the first alignment layer. The display module further includes a second liquid crystal layer, which is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer near the light-emitting unit. The second liquid crystal layer includes dye molecules and second liquid crystal molecules, with the long axis of the dye molecules parallel to the first direction.

17. A display device, wherein, The display device includes a display module according to any one of claims 1-16.

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