Welding aid for battery protection plates

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of welding auxiliary devices of battery protection board, including base, welding auxiliary plate and first cover plate;The surface of base is equipped with first limit slot, the central region of first limit slot bottom is equipped with first recess, first recess bottom is equipped with a annular clamping slot, and the other area of first limit slot bottom is equipped with the through-hole being communicated with annular clamping slot;Through-hole is used to set probe;First limit slot is used to accommodate battery protection board, first cover plate is set on first limit slot, for fixing battery protection board, and the cell pad on battery protection board is electrically connected with welding auxiliary plate by probe;Annular clamping slot is used to fix the edge of welding auxiliary plate, and welding auxiliary plate is used to when battery protection board is electrified, to the arbitrary two adjacent cell pad on battery protection board, voltage division, for all cell pad of battery protection board Synchronous establishment balanced potential, effectively avoid battery protection board damage, significantly improve production yield and product reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery protection technology, and in particular to a welding auxiliary device for a battery protection board. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the battery industry, the cost and efficiency of battery production have become key factors in core competitiveness. Laser welding technology, due to its advantages such as small heat-affected zone, high precision, and high speed, is widely used in the precision welding of battery components (such as tabs, connecting pieces, and casings), and is particularly suitable for applications such as lithium batteries and supercapacitors that are sensitive to temperature and require high consistency.

[0003] However, the introduction of laser welding technology has brought new challenges to the production process of Battery Management System (BMS) protection boards. Specifically, when laser welding multiple battery cells to the BMS protection board, the traditional welding sequence, such as first laser welding points B-, B2, B4, and B+, and then soldering points B1, B3, and B5 (B1-B5 being the solder joints between B- and B+), can cause unpredictable and huge potential differences between the voltage detection pins of the BMS protection board at the moment of power-on. This abnormal voltage step exceeds the expectations of the internal chips of the BMS protection board, which can easily cause chip latch-up, breakdown, or electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage, leading to functional abnormalities or permanent damage, seriously affecting production yield and product reliability. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model provides a welding auxiliary device for battery protection boards to solve the problem of low reliability caused by the uncontrollable power-on process when welding battery protection boards to battery cells.

[0005] A welding auxiliary device for a battery protection board includes a base, a welding auxiliary plate, and a first cover plate; The base has a first limiting groove on its surface, a first groove in the center of the bottom of the first limiting groove, an annular slot at the bottom of the first groove, and through holes in other areas of the bottom of the first limiting groove that connect to the annular slot; the through holes are used to set probes. The first limiting groove is used to accommodate the battery protection board, and the first cover plate is disposed on the first limiting groove to fix the battery protection board. The cell pads on the battery protection board are electrically connected to the welding auxiliary board through the probe. The annular slot is used to fix the edge of the welding auxiliary plate, which is used to divide the voltage of any two adjacent cell pads on the battery protection board when the battery protection board is powered on.

[0006] Furthermore, the welding auxiliary board includes a substrate, at least N voltage divider pads and at least N-1 voltage divider resistors, where N≥3; The substrate is disposed on the annular slot for placing at least N voltage divider pads and at least N-1 voltage divider resistors; Each of the voltage divider pads is used to connect to a cell pad on the battery protection board. A voltage divider resistor is connected in series between any two adjacent voltage divider pads. At least N-1 voltage divider resistors are used to divide the voltage between any two adjacent cell pads on the battery protection board when the battery protection board is powered on.

[0007] Furthermore, the first cover plate is provided with a welding opening, which is arranged opposite to the cell pad.

[0008] Furthermore, at least one of the first cover plate and the base is made of magnetic material, and the first cover plate is magnetically detachably attached to the first limiting groove of the base.

[0009] Furthermore, the surface of the base is also provided with a second groove adjacent to the first limiting groove; The second groove is used to accommodate the battery cell.

[0010] Furthermore, the welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board also includes a second cover plate disposed on the second groove for fixing the battery cell.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the second groove is provided with at least one first fixing part for fixing the battery cell, and the first fixing part has a first arc-shaped clamping surface adapted to the outer surface contour of the battery cell.

[0012] Furthermore, on the two opposite sidewalls of the second groove, a second fixing part is respectively provided, and the second fixing part has a second arc-shaped clamping surface that is adapted to the outer surface contour of the battery cell; The first arc-shaped clamping surface and the second arc-shaped clamping surface together constitute a circumferential constraint on the battery cell.

[0013] Furthermore, the first fixing part is a strip-shaped protrusion with arc-shaped sides in the cross-section; The second fixing part is an arc-shaped rib that protrudes into the second groove from the side wall of the second groove.

[0014] Furthermore, there are two first fixing parts, which are arranged in parallel on the bottom wall of the second groove; The spacing between the two first fixing parts is adapted to the diameter of the battery cell.

[0015] This utility model provides a welding auxiliary device for a battery protection board. The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board includes a base, a welding auxiliary plate, and a first cover plate. The surface of the base is provided with a first limiting groove, the central area of ​​the bottom of the first limiting groove is provided with a first recess, the bottom of the first recess is provided with an annular slot, and other areas of the bottom of the first limiting groove are provided with through holes communicating with the annular slot. The through holes are used to set probes. The first limiting groove is used to accommodate the battery protection board, and the first cover plate is set on the first limiting groove to fix the battery protection board. The cell pads on the battery protection board are electrically connected to the welding auxiliary plate through the probes. The annular slot is used to fix the edge of the welding auxiliary plate. The welding auxiliary plate is used to divide the voltage between any two adjacent cell pads on the battery protection board when the battery protection board is powered on. By introducing a voltage division pre-charge mechanism, a balanced potential is synchronously established for all cell pads on the battery protection board at the moment when the battery cell and the battery protection board are welded together, which fundamentally eliminates the abnormal voltage difference caused by disordered power-on, effectively avoids damage to the battery protection board, and significantly improves the production yield and product reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of a welding auxiliary device for a battery protection board in one embodiment of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a welding auxiliary device for a battery protection board in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of the welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is another schematic diagram of the welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a welding auxiliary plate in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Base; 11. First limiting groove; 111. Through hole; 12. First groove; 13. Annular slot; 14. Second groove; 141. First fixing part; 142. Second fixing part; 2. Welding auxiliary plate; 21. Substrate; 22. Voltage divider pad; 23. Voltage divider resistor; 3. First cover plate; 31. Welding opening; 4. Battery protection plate; 41. Cell pad; 5. Second cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0020] It should be understood that this invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, providing these embodiments will make the disclosure thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, for clarity, the dimensions of layers and regions, as well as their relative dimensions, may be exaggerated. The same reference numerals denote the same elements throughout.

[0021] It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as "on," "adjacent to," "connected to," or "coupled to" other elements or layers, it may be directly on, adjacent to, connected to, or coupled to other elements or layers, or there may be intervening elements or layers. Conversely, when an element is referred to as "directly on," "directly adjacent to," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" other elements or layers, there are no intervening elements or layers. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions, these elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or portion from another element, component, area, layer, or portion. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of this utility model, the first element, component, area, layer, or portion discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, area, layer, or portion.

[0022] Spatial relation terms such as “below,” “under,” “below,” “under,” “above,” “above,” etc., are used herein for convenience of description to describe the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figure and other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, spatial relation terms are intended to also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, then the element or feature described as “below,” “under,” or “below” other elements or features will be oriented “above” other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary terms “below” and “under” can include both above and below orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or otherwise) and the spatial descriptive terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0023] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. When used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “ / the” are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “comprising,” when used in this specification, identify the presence of features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups. When used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0024] To fully understand this utility model, detailed structures and steps will be presented in the following description to illustrate the technical solution proposed by this utility model. Preferred embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below; however, in addition to these detailed descriptions, this utility model may have other embodiments.

[0025] This embodiment provides a welding auxiliary device for a battery protection board 4, such as... Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the device includes a base 1, a welding auxiliary plate 2, and a first cover plate 3. The surface of the base 1 is provided with a first limiting groove 11, the central area of ​​the bottom of the first limiting groove 11 is provided with a first groove 12, the bottom of the first groove 12 is provided with an annular slot 13, and other areas of the bottom of the first limiting groove 11 are provided with through holes 111 that connect to the annular slot 13. The through holes 111 are used to set probes. The first limiting groove 11 is used to accommodate a battery protection board 4. The first cover plate 3 is set on the first limiting groove 11 and is used to fix the battery protection board 4. The cell pads 41 on the battery protection board 4 are electrically connected to the welding auxiliary plate 2 through probes. The annular slot 13 is used to fix the edge of the welding auxiliary plate 2. The welding auxiliary plate 2 is used to divide the voltage between any two adjacent cell pads 41 on the battery protection board 4 when the battery protection board 4 is powered on.

[0026] As an example, the surface of the base 1 is provided with a first limiting groove 11. The first limiting groove 11 is used to accommodate and position the battery protection board 4. Exemplarily, the battery protection board 4 is a BMS protection board. In the central region of the bottom of the first limiting groove 11, a first recess 12 is provided recessed downwards. On the bottom wall of the first recess 12, an annular groove 13 is further recessed downwards. The shape of the annular groove 13 is adapted to the edge shape of the welding auxiliary plate 2, and is used to fix and position the welding auxiliary plate 2.

[0027] As an example, in other areas at the bottom of the first limiting groove 11, such as the area surrounding the first recess 12, there are multiple through holes 111 penetrating the base 1. These through holes 111 communicate with an annular slot 13, and each through hole 111 is used to house a probe, optionally a spring probe. The lower end of the probe contacts a pad on the welding auxiliary plate 2 placed within the annular slot 13, and the upper end is used to form an electrical connection with the battery cell pad 41 (test point) on the back of the BMS protection board placed within the first limiting groove 11.

[0028] As an example, the first cover plate 3 is attached to the first limiting groove 11 by magnetic adsorption or other detachable means. The first cover plate 3 has a welding opening 31. When the first cover plate 3 is closed, the position of the welding opening 31 is exactly opposite to the cell pad 41 (the point where laser welding is required) on the BMS protection board, providing an operating window for the laser welding head, while pressing and fixing the BMS protection board to prevent it from moving.

[0029] As an example, the welding auxiliary board 2 is used for resistive voltage division. The welding auxiliary board 2 includes a substrate 21 on which at least N voltage-dividing pads 22 and at least N-1 voltage-dividing resistors 23 are disposed (N≥3, corresponding to the number of cells in series). Each voltage-dividing pad 22 is connected to a cell pad 41 (e.g., B-, B1, B2...B+) on the BMS protection board via a probe. A voltage-dividing resistor 23 is connected in series between any two adjacent voltage-dividing pads 22. All these voltage-dividing resistors 23 have the same resistance value or are configured by calculation such that after applying a total voltage between B+ and B-, the voltage between any two adjacent voltage-dividing pads 22 is uniformly divided.

[0030] In this example, the working principle of the welding auxiliary fixture is as follows: During operation, the welding auxiliary board 2 is first embedded and fixed into the annular slot 13 of the base 1. Then, the BMS protection board is placed into the first limiting slot 11, aligning the cell pad 41 on its back with the probe in the through hole 111. The first cover plate 3 is then placed on top and fixed. At this time, each voltage detection point of the BMS protection board forms a parallel voltage divider circuit through the probe and the voltage divider resistor network 23 on the welding auxiliary board 2. When the battery cell (cell pack) and the BMS protection board are joined on the laser welding fixture, and B+ and B- first contact and are energized, the total voltage is instantly distributed to each voltage detection point through the voltage divider resistor network 23. This ensures that the voltage of each node sensed by the BMS protection board chip is simultaneously and smoothly built up from zero to the rated value, rather than being randomly jump-energized, thus effectively avoiding abnormalities caused by out-of-order energization.

[0031] In this embodiment, the welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board 4 includes a base 1, a welding auxiliary plate 2, and a first cover plate 3. The surface of the base 1 is provided with a first limiting groove 11, the central area of ​​the bottom of the first limiting groove 11 is provided with a first recess 12, the bottom of the first recess 12 is provided with an annular groove 13, and other areas of the bottom of the first limiting groove 11 are provided with through holes 111 communicating with the annular groove 13. The through holes 111 are used to set probes. The first limiting groove 11 is used to accommodate the battery protection board 4, and the first cover plate 3 is disposed on the first limiting groove 11 to fix the battery protection board 4. The cell pads 41 on the battery protection board 4 are electrically connected to the welding auxiliary board 2 via probes; the annular slot 13 is used to fix the edge of the welding auxiliary board 2. The welding auxiliary board 2 is used to divide the voltage of any two adjacent cell pads 41 on the battery protection board 4 when the battery protection board 4 is powered on. By introducing a voltage division pre-charge mechanism, at the moment when the battery cell and the battery protection board 4 are welded together, a balanced potential is synchronously established for all cell pads 41 on the battery protection board 4, which fundamentally eliminates the abnormal voltage difference caused by disordered power-on, effectively avoids damage to the battery protection board 4, and significantly improves the production yield and product reliability.

[0032] In one embodiment, the welding auxiliary board 2 includes a substrate 21, at least N voltage divider pads 22 and at least N-1 voltage divider resistors 23, where N ≥ 3; the substrate 21 is disposed on an annular slot 13 for placing at least N voltage divider pads 22 and at least N-1 voltage divider resistors 23; each voltage divider pad 22 is used to connect a cell pad 41 of the battery protection board 4, and a voltage divider resistor 23 is connected in series between any two adjacent voltage divider pads 22; the at least N-1 voltage divider resistors 23 are used to divide the voltage of any two adjacent cell pads 41 on the battery protection board 4 when the battery protection board 4 is powered on.

[0033] As an example, the welding auxiliary board 2 includes a substrate 21 made of an insulating material, such as an FR-4 epoxy glass cloth laminate. At least N voltage divider pads 22 and at least N-1 voltage divider resistors 23 are disposed on the substrate 21 (N is the number of battery strings, and N≥3). The voltage divider pads 22 are preferably gold-plated copper foil pads to reduce contact resistance and prevent oxidation.

[0034] Each voltage divider pad 22 is electrically connected to a specific cell pad 41 (e.g., B1, B2, B3...) on the BMS protection board via a corresponding probe. A voltage divider resistor 23 is soldered between any two adjacent voltage divider pads 22 via printed circuitry, forming a series network of voltage divider resistors 23. All voltage divider resistors 23 have the same resistance value, and their precise resistance value is calculated and selected based on the rated voltage of the battery system and the safe operating voltage range of the BMS protection board to ensure that the voltage division value between any two adjacent pads is within a safe threshold when the total voltage (B+ to B-) is applied.

[0035] In this embodiment, a standardized and modular voltage divider solution is provided through the welding auxiliary board. By simply replacing the resistor with a different value or the welding auxiliary board 2 with a different design, it can be adapted to battery cells with different series numbers. It has strong versatility and is easy to maintain.

[0036] In one embodiment, the first cover plate 3 is provided with a welding opening 31, which is positioned opposite to the battery cell pad 41. One or more welding openings 31 are provided on the first cover plate 3. The shape, size, and position of the welding opening 31 are precisely aligned with the battery cell pad 41 on the BMS protection board that requires laser welding. This allows the laser beam to pass through the first cover plate 3 and directly act on the battery cell pad 41 for welding, eliminating the need for repeated disassembly and reassembly of the first cover plate 3. This achieves an integrated design of the BMS protection board's clamping and welding window, greatly improving production efficiency.

[0037] In one embodiment, at least one of the first cover plate 3 and the base 1 is made of a magnetic material, and the first cover plate 3 is detachably fitted onto the first limiting groove 11 of the base 1 by magnetic force. In this embodiment, at least one of the first cover plate 3 and the base 1 is made of a magnetic material. For example, the first cover plate 3 is embedded with a permanent magnet (such as a neodymium iron boron magnet), while the periphery of the first limiting groove 11 of the base 1 is made of a ferromagnetic material such as low carbon steel; or vice versa. By magnetic attraction, the first cover plate 3 can be detachably fitted onto the base 1, which is easy to operate and can be opened and closed with one hand. It provides sufficient clamping force to ensure the reliability of electrical contact, while avoiding the wear and tear and wasted operation time that may be caused by using buckles or screws.

[0038] In one embodiment, the surface of the base 1 is further provided with a second groove 14 adjacent to the first limiting groove 11; the second groove 14 is used to accommodate the battery cell. In this example, the surface of the base 1 is further provided with a second groove 14, which is adjacent to but physically isolated from the first limiting groove 11. The second groove 14 is used to accommodate and precisely pre-position the battery cell before welding.

[0039] In one embodiment, the welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board 4 further includes a second cover plate 5 disposed on the second groove 14 for fixing the battery cell. In this embodiment, the second cover plate 5 is magnetically attached to the second groove 14 or hinged to finally press and fix the battery cell before welding, ensuring that the relative position of the battery cell and the battery protection board 4 does not change at the moment of welding.

[0040] In one embodiment, the bottom of the second groove 14 is provided with at least one first fixing part 141 for fixing the battery cell, and the first fixing part 141 has a first arc-shaped clamping surface adapted to the outer surface contour of the battery cell.

[0041] Furthermore, there are two first fixing parts 141, which are arranged in parallel on the bottom wall of the second groove 14; the distance between the two first fixing parts 141 is adapted to the diameter of the battery cell.

[0042] In this embodiment, to further optimize the fixing effect, two parallel strip-shaped protrusions with arc-shaped cross-sections are provided on the bottom wall of the second groove 14 as the first fixing part 141. The distance between the two strip-shaped protrusions is slightly smaller than the diameter of the battery cell, thereby utilizing the slight elastic deformation of the material to generate a certain clamping force to prevent the battery cell from rolling and shifting when being transported or when the cover is closed. Exemplarily, the first fixing part 141 is a strip-shaped protrusion with arc-shaped cross-sections. Furthermore, on the two opposite sidewalls of the second groove 14, a second fixing part 142 is respectively provided. The second fixing part 142 has a second arc-shaped clamping surface adapted to the outer surface contour of the battery cell; the first arc-shaped clamping surface and the second arc-shaped clamping surface together constitute a circumferential constraint on the battery cell. For example, the second fixing part 142 is an arc-shaped rib protruding from the sidewall of the second groove 14 into the second groove 14.

[0043] In this embodiment, on the two opposite sidewalls of the second groove 14, there are integrally formed arc-shaped ribs protruding inward as second fixing parts 142. The arc-shaped clamping surfaces of the first fixing part 141 and the second fixing part 142 together constitute the circumferential constraint on the cylindrical battery cell, and cooperate with the second cover plate 5 to achieve its complete positioning in the X, Y and Z directions.

[0044] In this embodiment, by integrating cell positioning, BMS board positioning, voltage division power-on, and welding operations into a unified tooling platform, assembly line operation is realized, which greatly ensures product consistency and production efficiency.

[0045] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, and should all be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A welding auxiliary device for a battery protection board, characterized in that, Includes a base, a welding auxiliary plate, and a first cover plate; The base has a first limiting groove on its surface, a first groove in the center of the bottom of the first limiting groove, an annular slot at the bottom of the first groove, and through holes in other areas of the bottom of the first limiting groove that connect to the annular slot; the through holes are used to set probes. The first limiting groove is used to accommodate the battery protection board, and the first cover plate is disposed on the first limiting groove to fix the battery protection board. The cell pads on the battery protection board are electrically connected to the welding auxiliary board through the probe. The annular slot is used to fix the edge of the welding auxiliary plate, which is used to divide the voltage of any two adjacent cell pads on the battery protection board when the battery protection board is powered on.

2. The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The welding auxiliary board includes a substrate, at least N voltage divider pads and at least N-1 voltage divider resistors, where N≥3; The substrate is disposed on the annular slot for placing at least N voltage divider pads and at least N-1 voltage divider resistors; Each of the voltage divider pads is used to connect to a cell pad on the battery protection board. A voltage divider resistor is connected in series between any two adjacent voltage divider pads. At least N-1 voltage divider resistors are used to divide the voltage between any two adjacent cell pads on the battery protection board when the battery protection board is powered on.

3. The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first cover plate is provided with a welding opening, which is arranged opposite to the cell pad.

4. The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the first cover plate and the base is made of magnetic material, and the first cover plate is magnetically detachably attached to the first limiting groove of the base.

5. The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the base is also provided with a second groove adjacent to the first limiting groove; The second groove is used to accommodate the battery cell.

6. The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board according to claim 5, characterized in that, The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board also includes a second cover plate disposed on the second groove for fixing the battery cell.

7. The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the second groove is provided with at least one first fixing part for fixing the battery cell, and the first fixing part has a first arc-shaped clamping surface that is adapted to the outer surface contour of the battery cell.

8. The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board according to claim 7, characterized in that, On the two opposite sidewalls of the second groove, a second fixing part is respectively provided, and the second fixing part has a second arc-shaped clamping surface adapted to the outer surface contour of the battery cell; The first arc-shaped clamping surface and the second arc-shaped clamping surface together constitute a circumferential constraint on the battery cell.

9. The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first fixing part is a strip-shaped protrusion with arc-shaped sides in the cross-section; The second fixing part is an arc-shaped rib that protrudes into the second groove from the side wall of the second groove.

10. The welding auxiliary device for the battery protection board according to claim 9, characterized in that, There are two first fixing parts, which are arranged in parallel on the bottom wall of the second groove; The spacing between the two first fixing parts is adapted to the diameter of the battery cell.

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