A dangerous rock collapse ground disaster monitoring and early warning device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of monitoring and early warning, and specifically discloses a dangerous rock collapse ground disaster monitoring and early warning device, which comprises sensors for monitoring the surface layer deformation of dangerous rocks and the internal structural plane of dangerous rocks, a data acquisition and processing device, a first power supply device for supplying power to the sensors and the data acquisition and processing device, a second power supply device for alarm processing, a high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter and a wide-area electric shock amplitude-frequency monitor, the sensors comprise a crack monitoring sensor, a rainfall sensor and a GNSS displacement sensor, the GNSS displacement sensor and the rainfall sensor are installed on the top of the dangerous rock, the crack monitoring sensor is installed on the dangerous rock, and the high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter is installed on the dangerous rock, the system solves the problem that the current monitoring and early warning device can only monitor the surface layer deformation of dangerous rocks and lacks a monitoring device for the expansion and development of the internal structural plane of the rock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of monitoring and early warning technology, and specifically discloses a monitoring and early warning device for rockfall disasters. Background Technology

[0002] Slope stability monitoring and early warning technology for hydropower stations, as an important component of the hydropower station safety production system, has undergone decades of theoretical evolution and engineering practice, forming a technical framework centered on geological surveys, engineering monitoring, numerical analysis, and risk early warning. With the continuous increase in slope angles at hydropower stations, slope stability issues are becoming increasingly prominent. The resulting landslides, collapses, and other geological disasters not only threaten personnel safety but also seriously disrupt production continuity. Slope disasters are characterized by their suddenness, concealed development process, and short early warning response time, necessitating the establishment of a monitoring and early warning system with higher sensitivity, real-time performance, and reliability. Current methods for monitoring rockfall disasters mainly rely on manual on-site measurements and displacement and tilt monitoring, supplemented by environmental monitoring, to provide safety warnings for potential rockfall geological disasters. Rockfall disasters are essentially a dynamic process of co-evolution of surface deformation and internal damage.

[0003] Most existing slope early warning systems rely on passive response signals, that is, judging by capturing the rock mass response behavior triggered by natural factors (such as rainfall and earthquakes). This early warning system is inherently desirable. However, in terms of monitoring objects, current monitoring technologies are mostly focused on monitoring the surface deformation of dangerous rocks, lacking in-situ monitoring methods for the internal state of the rock mass. This makes the current monitoring indicators for dangerous rocks relatively singular, unable to reasonably assess the development trend of the internal structural surfaces of dangerous rocks, which directly restricts the predictive effectiveness of monitoring and early warning models. In view of this, the present invention provides a monitoring and early warning device for rockfall disasters in order to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that current monitoring and early warning devices can only monitor the deformation of the surface of dangerous rocks and lack monitoring devices for the expansion and development of internal structural surfaces of rock masses.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following basic solution: A monitoring and early warning device for rockfall disasters includes sensors for monitoring surface deformation and internal structural surfaces of the rock mass, data acquisition and processing devices, a first power supply device for powering the sensors and data acquisition and processing devices, a second power supply device for alarm processing, a high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter, and a wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitor. The sensors include a crack monitoring sensor, a rainfall sensor, and a GNSS displacement sensor. The GNSS displacement sensor and the rainfall sensor are installed on the top of the unstable rock mass, the crack monitoring sensor is installed on the unstable rock mass, and a high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter is installed on the unstable rock mass.

[0006] Furthermore, the first power supply device includes a first protection box and a first solar power supply component. The first solar power supply component obtains power based on solar panels. The data acquisition and processing device, the wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitor, and the GNSS displacement sensor are placed inside the first protection box. The first protection box is also equipped with a first command generator. The data acquisition and processing device, the wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitor, and the GNSS displacement sensor are connected to the first solar power supply component via wires.

[0007] Furthermore, the second power supply device includes a second protection box and a second solar power supply component. The second solar power supply component obtains power based on solar panels. The second solar power supply component has the same structure as the first solar power supply component. A second command generator and an automatic alarm device are installed inside the second protection box.

[0008] Furthermore, the first command generator is signal-connected to the second command generator, and also includes a WiFi module built into the second protective box, with the first command generator and the second command generator connected via WiFi signal.

[0009] Furthermore, the first power supply device is installed on top of the unstable rock mass, and the second power supply device is installed at the bottom of the unstable rock mass.

[0010] Furthermore, the automatic alarm device is a buzzer.

[0011] Furthermore, the data acquisition and processing device includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a warning threshold module. The warning threshold module sets a warning threshold. The data acquisition module collects signal data from the sensor and generates a data vector. The data processing module has a built-in crack structure surface development trend identification module. The data vector is input into the crack structure surface development trend identification module. The crack structure surface development trend identification module outputs an actual threshold. The actual threshold is input into the warning threshold module and compared with the warning threshold.

[0012] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: 1. Compared with existing technologies, the data acquisition and processing device in this system captures and processes data such as electromagnetic signals inside the unstable rock mass, apparent displacement of the unstable rock mass, crack width, and rainfall meteorological information in real time. The processed data is then compared with the warning threshold set in the module. When the measured data exceeds the warning threshold, the warning command transmitter is activated to send the command to the command receiver. When the command receiver receives the command, it activates the automatic alarm device to remind pedestrians and vehicles to evacuate the danger zone in time.

[0013] 2. Compared with existing technologies, this system can monitor the apparent cracks and internal structural surfaces of unstable rock masses in real time, thereby improving the accuracy of monitoring and early warning of rockfall disasters. At the same time, the device has the advantages of simple structure and convenient installation, which is conducive to its application in practical engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This illustration shows an installation diagram of a rockfall and landslide monitoring and early warning device according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This paper shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the first power supply device in a rockfall and landslide disaster monitoring and early warning device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the second power supply device in a rockfall and landslide monitoring and early warning device proposed in this application embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by this utility model in order to achieve the intended utility model purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structure, features and effects of this utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0017] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. unstable rock mass; 2. slope; 3. wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitoring instrument; 4. GNSS displacement sensor; 5. first protection box; 6. crack monitoring sensor; 7. rainfall sensor; 8. high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter; 9. data acquisition and processing device; 10. first command generator; 11. first solar power supply component; 12. wire; 13. second command generator; 14. automatic alarm device; 15. second solar power supply component.

[0018] Implementation, for example Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown: A monitoring and early warning device for rockfall disasters includes a rock mass 1, which includes a stable section and a cracked section. It also includes sensors for monitoring surface deformation and internal structural surfaces of the rock mass 1, a data acquisition and processing device 9, a first power supply device for powering the sensors and data acquisition and processing device 9, a second power supply device for alarm processing, a high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter 8, and a wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitor 3. The high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter 8 is installed in the stable section of the rock mass 1 and emits a stable high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic signal. The wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitor 3 receives the signal emitted by the high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter 8 and reflected back by the rock mass. Regarding dangerous rock mass 1: Dangerous rock mass 1 refers to a rock mass that is significantly cut by structural planes and has signs of impending destruction. This type of rock mass often develops on steep slopes 2, and the triggering factors include natural factors and human factors.

[0019] Collapse: Collapse refers to the geological phenomenon in which a dangerous rock mass 1 on a steep slope 2, after being triggered by external forces, suddenly detaches from the parent body, slides down, and accumulates at the foot of the slope under the action of gravity.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the unstable rock mass 1 is a potential collapse body developed on the steep slope 2; The sensors include a crack monitoring sensor 6, a rainfall sensor 7, and a GNSS displacement sensor 4. The GNSS displacement sensor 4 and the rainfall sensor 7 are installed on the top of the unstable rock mass 1, and the crack monitoring sensor 6 is installed on the crack section of the unstable rock mass 1. Regarding GNSS displacement sensors 4: GNSS displacement monitoring technology utilizes satellite signals from the Global Navigation Satellite System and calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring point through RTK technology, thereby acquiring displacement data in real time. Its core principle is to eliminate satellite signal errors through differential observation between the base station and the measuring station, achieving positioning accuracy at the centimeter or even millimeter level. About Crack Monitoring Sensor 6: Crack Monitoring Sensor 6 is a device used to monitor changes in cracks in structures in real time. It captures key parameters such as crack width, depth, length and propagation speed through high-precision sensing technology. It is widely used in fields such as engineering safety and geological disaster early warning. It integrates laser ranging, strain gauge or image recognition technology, continuously measures changes in crack width and records ambient temperature data. The built-in memory can record data for a long time and generate trend curves.

[0021] Regarding the rainfall sensor 7: The rainfall sensor 7 detects the physical or optical properties of raindrops, converts precipitation into electrical signals or mechanical actions, and indirectly calculates the amount of precipitation by changing the capacitance or resistance value of the rainwater.

[0022] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first power supply device includes a first protective box 5 and a first solar power supply component 11. The first solar power supply component 11 obtains power based on solar panels. The data acquisition and processing device 9, the wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitor 3, and the GNSS displacement sensor 4 are placed inside the first protective box 5. The first protective box 5 also contains a first command generator 10. The data acquisition and processing device 9, the wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitor 3, and the GNSS displacement sensor 4 are connected to the first solar power supply component 11 via wires 12. The second power supply device includes a second protective box and a second solar power supply component 15. The second solar power supply component 15 obtains power based on solar panels. Component 15 has the same structure as the first solar power supply component 11. The second protective box is equipped with a second command generator 13 and an automatic alarm device 14. In terms of connection: the first command generator 10 and the second command generator 13 are connected by a signal. It also includes a WiFi module built into the second protective box. The first command generator 10 and the second command generator 13 are connected by a WiFi signal. The first power supply device is installed on the top of the dangerous rock mass 1, and the second power supply device is installed at the bottom of the dangerous rock mass 1. The first command generator 10 sends a signal to the data acquisition and processing device 9. The second command generator 13 receives the signal from the first command generator 10 and then decides whether to activate the automatic alarm device 14.

[0023] Specifically: Regarding the second solar power supply component 15 and the first solar power supply component 11: they consist of solar photovoltaic panels, inverters, batteries and support frames, with the solar photovoltaic panels and batteries connected by wires 12; In use, the core of this invention is the data acquisition and processing device 9. This device 9 captures in real time electromagnetic signals emitted by the high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter 8 (i.e., electromagnetic signals obtained through the wide-area electromagnetic amplitude-frequency monitor 3), apparent displacement signals of the rock mass, crack width, and rainfall meteorological information data from within the unstable rock mass. Then, it performs data processing. For ease of understanding, this embodiment provides a data acquisition and processing device 9, which includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a warning threshold module. The warning threshold module sets a warning threshold. The data acquisition module collects signal data from sensors and generates a data vector. The data processing module has a built-in crack structure surface development trend identification module. The data vector is input to the crack structure surface development trend identification module, which outputs an actual threshold. This actual threshold is then input to the warning threshold module for comparison with the warning threshold.

[0024] First, the data acquisition and processing device 9 collects signals from various sensors. Then, it performs bandpass filtering and normalization preprocessing on the signals within the data processing module. This is achieved by constructing a composite feature set (details omitted here), which can be understood as using the composite feature set to aggregate all the aforementioned signal features. The composite feature set is then used to output a data vector, which is the feature data vector. Next, regarding the crack structure development trend identification module, this is essentially an algorithm, primarily a random forest model. Based on the input feature data vector, an actual measured value is obtained. Finally, the warning threshold module is also essentially a model algorithm—a discrimination mechanism algorithm. It sets an upper and lower threshold. When the actual test value falls between the upper and lower thresholds, it indicates potential progressive deformation, requiring enhanced monitoring. When the actual test value exceeds the upper threshold, indicating a significant accelerating slippage trend, an immediate response is required, namely, the activation of the automatic alarm device 14 and the buzzer. When the actual test value is below the lower threshold, within the normal fluctuation range, routine monitoring is sufficient.

[0025] This application can capture in real time the electromagnetic signals inside the unstable rock mass 1, the apparent displacement of the unstable rock mass 1, the crack width and rainfall meteorological information data, and transmit them to the data acquisition and processing device 9 for data processing. The processed data is then compared with the warning threshold set in the module, thereby solving the problem that the current monitoring and early warning device can only monitor the deformation of the surface of the unstable rock mass and lacks a monitoring device for the expansion and development of the internal structural surfaces of the rock mass.

[0026] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Although the present utility model has been disclosed above with reference to a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present utility model. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the scope of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A monitoring and early warning device for rockfall disasters, characterized in that, It includes sensors, data acquisition and processing devices for monitoring surface deformation and internal structural surfaces of unstable rock masses, a first power supply device for powering the sensors and data acquisition and processing devices, a second power supply device for alarm processing, a high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter, and a wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitor. The sensors include a crack monitoring sensor, a rainfall sensor, and a GNSS displacement sensor. The GNSS displacement sensor and the rainfall sensor are installed on the top of the unstable rock mass, the crack monitoring sensor is installed on the unstable rock mass, and a high-frequency wide-area electromagnetic transmitter is installed on the unstable rock mass.

2. The rockfall and landslide monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first power supply device includes a first protective box and a first solar power supply component. The first solar power supply component obtains power based on solar panels. The data acquisition and processing device, the wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitor, and the GNSS displacement sensor are placed inside the first protective box. The first protective box is also equipped with a first command generator. The data acquisition and processing device, the wide-area electromagnetic amplitude and frequency monitor, and the GNSS displacement sensor are connected to the first solar power supply component via wires.

3. The monitoring and early warning device for rockfall disasters according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second power supply device includes a second protection box and a second solar power supply component. The second solar power supply component obtains power based on solar panels. The second solar power supply component has the same structure as the first solar power supply component. The second protection box is equipped with a second command generator and an automatic alarm device.

4. The rockfall and landslide monitoring and early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first command generator is signal-connected to the second command generator, and also includes a WiFi module built into the second protective box. The first command generator and the second command generator are connected via WiFi signal.

5. A monitoring and early warning device for rockfall disasters according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first power supply device is installed at the top of the unstable rock mass, and the second power supply device is installed at the bottom of the unstable rock mass.

6. The rockfall and landslide monitoring and early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The automatic alarm device is a buzzer.

7. A monitoring and early warning device for rockfall disasters according to claim 4, characterized in that, The data acquisition and processing device includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a warning threshold module. The warning threshold module sets a warning threshold. The data acquisition module collects signal data from sensors and generates a data vector. The data processing module has a built-in crack structure development trend identification module. The data vector is input into the crack structure development trend identification module. The crack structure development trend identification module outputs an actual threshold. The actual threshold is input into the warning threshold module and compared with the warning threshold.

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