An electronic device housing
By designing a removable corner protector that fits the main frame of the electronic device, the shortcomings of traditional housings in terms of structure and appearance are solved, achieving all-round protection and aesthetics, and improving the device's impact resistance and personalized style.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521711877.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-08-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing electronic device casings still need improvement in terms of structure and appearance, and traditional plastic casings are insufficient in terms of protection and aesthetics.
An electronic device housing comprising a main frame and corner protection components is designed. The main frame consists of a main protective plate, a top protective plate, a bottom protective plate, and corner protective plates. The corner protection components consist of an outer protective part and an inner protective part. The outer protective part is flush with the outer surface of the corner protective plate, and the inner protective part is flush with the inner surface of the main frame. It adopts a detachable modular design.
It improves the shock resistance of electronic devices, enhances aesthetics and consistency, provides all-round protection, and facilitates production, installation and replacement, while also improving personalization and user experience.
Smart Images

Figure CN224684241U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic device technology, and more specifically to an electronic device housing. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of electronic devices, the casing, as the external protective structure of the device, not only serves to protect the internal components from external damage such as physical impact and environmental corrosion, but also directly affects the overall performance, user experience and appearance design of the device.
[0003] Traditional electronic device casings are mostly made of plastics, such as ABS and PC, which are widely used in consumer electronics due to their low cost, ease of processing, and good insulation properties. In recent years, the development of composite materials and new polymer materials has provided more options for electronic device casings, offering advantages such as lightweight, high strength, and multifunctionality, further driving technological innovation in electronic device casings. However, existing electronic device casings still require improvement and optimization in terms of structure and appearance. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides an electronic device housing, comprising: a main frame, the main frame including: a main protective plate with a camera opening; a top protective plate perpendicular to the main protective plate; a bottom protective plate perpendicular to the main protective plate; and four corner protective plates respectively disposed at the four corners of the main protective plate; each corner protective plate has a mounting groove on its outer side and a mounting hole located within the mounting groove and penetrating the corner protective plate; the size of the mounting hole is smaller than the size of the mounting groove; the electronic device housing further includes four corner protection members correspondingly disposed on the four corner protective plates; each corner protection member includes an outer protective portion and an inner protective portion disposed inside the outer protective portion, the shape of the outer protective portion being adapted to the shape of the mounting groove, and the shape of the inner protective portion being adapted to the shape of the mounting hole; when the corner protection member is installed on the corner protective plate, the outer surface of the outer protective portion is flush with the outer surface of the corner protective plate, and the inner surface of the inner protective portion is flush with the inner surface of the main frame.
[0005] In some embodiments, the corner protector is a plate-like structure with a bending angle, and the ratio between the axial length of the outer protective portion and the axial length of the corner guard plate is in the range of 0.4 to 0.9; and / or, the ratio between the height of the outer protective portion and the height of the corner guard plate is in the range of 0.3 to 0.8.
[0006] In some embodiments, the outer protective portion includes a vertical portion and an inclined portion in its height direction, with an inclined angle between the inclined portion and the vertical portion.
[0007] In some embodiments, a receiving groove is provided on the inner side of the main body guard plate near the bottom guard plate, and the bottom guard plate has a charging hole and a sound outlet hole; the electronic device housing also includes a clip assembly, the clip assembly including: a clip, disposed in the receiving groove; a transition member, one end of the transition member is connected to the clip, and the other end exposes the charging hole or the sound outlet hole; a hanging ring, the hanging ring is disposed at the other end of the transition member and exposed outside the main body frame.
[0008] In some embodiments, the transition member includes: an extension portion, a first end of which is fixedly connected to the clip; a spanning portion, which has an arched structure for spanning the charging port or the sound outlet port; a first end of the spanning portion is connected to a second end of the extension portion; and a connecting portion, which has a sleeve structure, is sleeved on the hanging ring and is also connected to the second end of the spanning portion.
[0009] In some embodiments, the sound outlet has two holes, distributed along the length of the bottom cover on both sides of the charging hole, and the clip assembly has two transition members and two hanging rings, each of the transition members passing through one of the sound outlet holes and connected to one of the hanging rings; or, the clip assembly has one transition member and one hanging ring, the transition member passing through the charging hole and connected to the hanging ring; and / or, the electronic device housing further includes a hanging cord connected to the hanging ring.
[0010] In some embodiments, the electronic device housing further includes a back protective layer disposed on the outer side of the main body protective plate; and / or, the electronic device housing further includes a top protective layer disposed on the outer side of the top protective plate.
[0011] In some embodiments, the main frame further includes two symmetrical side panels perpendicular to the main body panel; the lateral edges of the back protective layer further extend toward and cover the side panels.
[0012] In some embodiments, the outer side of the main body cover is further provided with an annular groove and a straight groove, and the electronic device housing further includes an annular magnetic element disposed in the annular groove and a straight magnetic element disposed in the straight groove.
[0013] In some embodiments, an isolation layer is further provided between the main body protective plate and the back protective layer; the electronic device housing also includes an internal protective layer disposed on the inner side of the main body protective plate.
[0014] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This utility model discloses an electronic device housing, which includes at least a main frame and four corner protectors. The main frame includes at least a main protective plate and four corner protective plates. The four corner protective plates are respectively disposed at the four corners of the main protective plate. The outer side of the corner protective plate is provided with a mounting groove and a mounting hole located in the mounting groove and penetrating the corner protective plate. The size of the mounting hole is smaller than the size of the mounting groove. The four corner protective plates are correspondingly disposed on the four corner protective plates. The corner protective plates include an outer protective part and an inner protective part disposed inside the outer protective part. The shape of the outer protective part is adapted to the shape of the mounting groove, and the shape of the inner protective part is adapted to the shape of the mounting hole. When the corner protective plates are installed on the corner protective plates, the outer surface of the outer protective part is flush with the outer surface of the corner protective plate, and the inner surface of the inner protective part is flush with the inner surface of the main frame, ensuring the overall aesthetics and consistency of the electronic device housing and avoiding protrusions or depressions. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein:
[0016] Figure 1A This is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electronic device housing according to the present invention;
[0017] Figure 1B This is an exploded view of an embodiment of an electronic device housing according to the present invention;
[0018] Figure 1C This is a perspective view of the main frame in one embodiment of an electronic device housing according to the present invention;
[0019] Figure 1D This is a perspective view of a corner protection component in one embodiment of an electronic device housing according to the present invention;
[0020] Figure 1E This is a perspective view of a clip assembly in one embodiment of an electronic device housing according to the present invention;
[0021] Figure 1F This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device assembled inside its casing.
[0022] Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram of the main frame, ring-shaped magnetic component, and I-shaped magnetic component in another embodiment of the electronic device housing of this utility model;
[0023] Figure 2BThis is a schematic diagram of the main frame and back protective layer in another embodiment of the electronic device housing of this utility model;
[0024] Figure 2C This is a schematic diagram of the corner guard plate and the outer protective part in another embodiment of the electronic device housing of this utility model;
[0025] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram of the main frame and back protective layer in another embodiment of the electronic device housing of this utility model;
[0026] Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram of the corner guard plate and the outer protective part in another embodiment of the electronic device housing of this utility model.
[0027] The attached figures are labeled as follows:
[0028] 100. Electronic device housing; 10. Main frame; 11. Main body protective plate; 111. Camera opening; 112. Receiving slot; 113. Annular slot; 114. Straight slot; 115. Strip slot; 12. Top protective plate; 13. Bottom protective plate; 131. Charging port; 132. Sound outlet; 14. Corner protective plate; 141. Mounting slot; 142. Mounting hole; 15. Side protective plate; 20. Edge and corner protection components; 21. Outer protective part; 211. 212. Vertical section; 22. Inclined section; 30. Inner protective section; 31. Clip assembly; 32. Clip; 32. Transition piece; 321. Extension; 322. Crossover part; 323. Connecting part; 33. Hanging ring; 40. Back protective layer; 41. Lateral extension part; 50. Top protective layer; 60. Isolation layer; 70. Inner protective layer; 81. Annular magnetic component; 82. Straight magnetic component; 83. Camera protective ring; 200. Electronic equipment. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other alternative implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0030] like Figures 1A to 1F As shown, as one embodiment of the electronic device housing 100, the electronic device housing 100 can protect the electronic device 200 (e.g., a smartphone) from accidental damage such as drops, collisions, and scratches, extend the service life of the phone, and provide functions such as dustproof and waterproof.
[0031] Specifically, the electronic device housing 100 includes at least a main frame 10 and four corner protectors 20, such as... Figure 1CAs shown, the main frame 10 includes at least a main protective plate 11, a top protective plate 12, a bottom protective plate 13, and four corner protective plates 14. The main protective plate 11 has a camera opening 111, through which the camera module of the electronic device 200 can be exposed after the electronic device 200 is assembled onto the electronic device housing 100. The top protective plate 12 and the bottom protective plate 13 are located at opposite top and bottom of the main protective plate 11, respectively, and are perpendicular to the main protective plate 11. The four corner protective plates 14 are respectively located at the four corners of the main protective plate 11. The outer side of the corner protective plate 14 has a mounting groove 141 and a mounting hole 142 located in the mounting groove 141 and penetrating the corner protective plate 14. The size of the mounting hole 142 is smaller than the size of the mounting groove 141.
[0032] The four corner guards 20 are respectively installed on the four corner guards 14. Figure 1D In the case of corner protectors 20, there are an outer protective part 21 and an inner protective part 22 disposed inside the outer protective part 21. The shape of the outer protective part 21 is adapted to the shape of the mounting groove 141, and the shape of the inner protective part 22 is adapted to the shape of the mounting hole 142. When corner protectors 20 are installed on corner guards 14, the outer surface of the outer protective part 21 is flush with the outer surface of the corner guards 14, and the inner surface of the inner protective part 22 is flush with the inner surface of the main frame 10, which ensures the overall aesthetics and consistency of the electronic device housing 100 and avoids protrusions or depressions.
[0033] In this embodiment, the electronic device housing 100 forms a comprehensive protective structure by providing a main protective plate 11, a top protective plate 12, a bottom protective plate 13, and four corner protective plates 14, effectively preventing damage to the electronic device 200 when dropped or impacted. In particular, the design of the corner protectors 20 at the corners enhances impact resistance. Furthermore, the corner protectors 20 are adapted to the mounting grooves 141 and mounting holes 142 of the corner protective plates 14, employing a detachable modular design that facilitates production, installation, replacement, and maintenance, improving flexibility and convenience of use. The outer protective portion 21 of the corner protector 20 is flush with the outer surface of the corner protective plate 14, and the inner protective portion 22 is flush with the inner surface of the main frame 10, ensuring the overall aesthetics and consistency of the electronic device housing 100 and avoiding protrusions or dents.
[0034] In addition, the corner protectors 20 can be made of transparent material, or the corner protectors 20 can be available in a variety of colors. By setting the corner protectors 20 to be detachably connected to the main frame 10, users can freely choose the style of the corner protectors 20 and assemble them on the main frame 10, enhancing the personalized style of the electronic device casing 100, improving the user experience, and showcasing personal taste.
[0035] Furthermore, the corner protector 20 has a plate-like structure with a curved angle; the ratio between the axial length of the outer protective part 21 and the axial length of the corner guard plate 14 is in the range of 0.4 to 0.9; the ratio between the height of the outer protective part 21 and the height of the corner guard plate 14 is in the range of 0.3 to 0.8. Figure 1C and Figure 1D In the illustrated embodiment, the ratio between the axial length of the outer protective portion 21 and the axial length of the corner guard plate 14 is 0.8, and the ratio between the height H1 of the outer protective portion 21 and the height of the corner guard plate 14 is 0.8; Figure 2C In the illustrated embodiment, the ratio between the axial length of the outer protective portion 21 and the axial length of the corner guard plate 14 is 0.5, and the ratio between the height of the outer protective portion 21 and the height of the corner guard plate 14 is 0.8; Figure 3B In the illustrated embodiment, the ratio between the axial length of the outer protective portion 21 and the axial length of the corner guard plate 14 is 0.5, and the ratio between the height of the outer protective portion 21 and the height of the corner guard plate 14 is also 0.5. That is, in this application, based on the ratio between the axial length of the outer protective portion 21 and the axial length of the corner guard plate 14, and the ratio between the height of the outer protective portion 21 and the height of the corner guard plate 14, the corner protection member 20 can have various size models.
[0036] Furthermore, in Figure 1D In the middle, the outer protective part 21 includes a vertical part 211 and an inclined part 212 in its height direction. An inclined angle α is formed between the inclined part 212 and the vertical part 211. The size of the inclined angle α is adapted to the chamfered transition between the main protective plate 11, the top protective plate 12, and the bottom protective plate 13. Furthermore... Figure 1D In the middle, the inner protective part 22 is preferably disposed on the inner side of the vertical part 211.
[0037] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the main frame 10 is made of PC material, i.e., polycarbonate, and the corner protection component 20 is made of TPU material, i.e., thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, which is a high-performance thermoplastic elastomer material. It combines the elasticity of rubber and the processing properties of plastic, and has excellent wear resistance, oil resistance, chemical resistance and mechanical strength.
[0038] like Figure 1C As shown, in this embodiment, a receiving groove 112 is provided on the inner side of the main body guard plate 11 near the bottom guard plate 13. The bottom guard plate 13 has a charging hole 131 and a sound outlet hole 132. The charging hole 131 is provided to expose the charging interface of the electronic device 200 so that the electronic device 200 can be charged with the case on. The sound outlet hole 132 is provided to expose the speaker, microphone, etc. of the electronic device 200.
[0039] like Figure 1A and Figure 1E As shown, the electronic device housing 100 also includes a clip assembly 30, which includes a clip 31, a transition member 32, and a hanging ring 33. The clip 31 is disposed in the receiving groove 112, and the surface of the clip 31 does not protrude from the inner surface of the main body cover plate 11. One end of the transition member 32 is connected to the clip 31, and the other end is exposed to the charging hole 131 or the sound outlet hole 132. The hanging ring 33 is disposed at the other end of the transition member 32 and is exposed to the main body frame 10.
[0040] In this embodiment, the hanging ring 33 can be connected to a lanyard, bracelet, or keychain, making it convenient for users to hang the electronic device 200 on their wrist, neck, or bag, freeing their hands. It is especially suitable for use during outdoor activities, sports, or busy times.
[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 1E As shown, the transition member 32 includes an extension 321, a crossing portion 322, and a connecting portion 323 along its length. Both the extension 321 and the crossing portion 322 are sheet-like structures. The first end of the extension 321 is fixedly connected to the clip 31, and the second end of the extension 321 is connected to the first end of the crossing portion 322. The crossing portion 322 has an arched structure and is used to cross the charging hole 131 or the sound outlet hole 132. The connecting portion 323 has a sleeve structure, is sleeved on the hanging ring 33, and is also connected to the second end of the crossing portion 322.
[0042] like Figure 1C As shown, there are two sound outlets 132, distributed on both sides of the charging port 131 along the length of the bottom protective plate 13. Figure 1E In this embodiment, the clip assembly 30 has two transition pieces 32 and two hanging rings 33, each transition piece 32 passing through a sound outlet 132 and connected to a hanging ring 33. In some other embodiments, the clip assembly 30 has one transition piece 32 and one hanging ring 33, the transition piece 32 passing through a charging port 131 and connected to the hanging ring 33; in some other embodiments, when the electronic device housing 100 has only one sound outlet 132, the clip assembly 30 has a corresponding transition piece 32 and one hanging ring 33, the transition piece 32 passing through the sound outlet 132 and connected to the hanging ring 33.
[0043] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the electronic device housing 100 also includes a lanyard (not shown) connected to a hanging loop 33.
[0044] Furthermore, in some embodiments, a strip groove 115 is symmetrically provided on the inner side of the main body guard plate 11. One end of the strip groove 115 is connected to the receiving groove 112, and the other end extends toward the main body guard plate 11 in the direction close to the top guard plate 12.
[0045] Furthermore, such as Figure 1B As shown, the electronic device housing 100 also includes an inner protective layer 70 disposed on the inner side of the main body panel 11. The structure of the inner protective layer 70 is adapted to the inner side of the main body panel 11 (the side closest to the electronic device 200). The inner protective layer 70 is made of suede, a soft, velvety material made by sanding the inner layer of animal leather (usually sheepskin, cowhide, or pigskin). Alternatively, the inner protective layer 70 may be made of microfiber, a high-performance synthetic material made of extremely fine fibers (typically less than 1 micrometer in diameter). It combines the advantages of natural and synthetic fibers, and is characterized by softness, lightness, durability, and good water absorption.
[0046] Furthermore, such as Figure 1B As shown, to enhance the surface durability and aesthetics of the electronic device housing 100, as well as its tactile feel and comfort during use, the electronic device housing 100 also includes a back protective layer 40 disposed on the outer side of the main body protective plate 11, and a top protective layer 50 disposed on the outer side of the top protective plate 12. Both the back protective layer 40 and the top protective layer 50 are made of PU material (polyurethane).
[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 2A and Figure 2B As shown, the main frame 10 also includes two symmetrical side panels 15 perpendicular to the main protective plate 11; the lateral edges of the back protective layer 40 further extend toward and cover the side panels 15, that is, the back protective layer 40 also has a lateral extension portion 41 that wraps around the side panels 15; in other embodiments, such as Figure 3A As shown, although the main frame 10 also includes two symmetrical side guards 15 perpendicular to the main guard plate 11, the back protective layer 40 only covers the outer side of the main guard plate 11 and does not cover the side guards 15, that is, the back protective layer 40 does not have a lateral extension portion 41.
[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 2A As shown, in some embodiments, the outer side of the main body protective plate 11 is also provided with an annular groove 113 and a straight groove 114. The electronic device housing 100 also includes an annular magnetic element 81 disposed in the annular groove 113 and a straight magnetic element 82 disposed in the straight groove 114. The annular magnetic element 81 and the straight magnetic element 82 can be attracted together with the electronic device 200, or the electronic device 200 can be attracted to other locations (e.g., a wireless charger) after wearing the electronic device housing 100.
[0049] Furthermore, an isolation layer 60 is provided between the main protective plate 11 and the back protective layer 40. The isolation layer 60 can shield the annular magnetic component 81 and the linear magnetic component 82, preventing them from forming marks on the back protective layer 40. Preferably, the isolation layer 60 is glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP or FRP), a material composed of glass fiber and resin (such as epoxy resin, polyester resin, etc.). It combines the high strength of glass fiber and the toughness of resin, possessing excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability.
[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1B As shown, the electronic device housing 100 also has a camera protection ring 83. The camera protection ring 83 is preferably detachably disposed around the camera opening 111, and the camera protection ring 83 protrudes from the main body protective plate 11, which can serve both a protective function and a decorative design (for example, the camera protection ring 83 is a metal ring, a soft rubber ring, etc.).
[0051] Finally, it should be noted that if any directional indication (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) is involved in the embodiments of this application, the directional indication is only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
[0052] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.
[0053] The above are merely embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of this patent application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.
Claims
1. An electronic device housing, characterized in that, include: The main framework includes: The main protective plate has a camera opening. Top guard plate, perpendicular to the main guard plate; Bottom guard plate, perpendicular to the main guard plate; The corner guards are four in number and are respectively disposed at the four corners of the main guard plate; the outer side of the corner guards is provided with mounting grooves and mounting holes located in the mounting grooves and penetrating the corner guards; the size of the mounting holes is smaller than the size of the mounting grooves. The electronic device housing also includes four corner protectors, correspondingly disposed on the four corner guards; each corner protector includes an outer protective part and an inner protective part disposed inside the outer protective part, the shape of the outer protective part being adapted to the shape of the mounting groove, and the shape of the inner protective part being adapted to the shape of the mounting hole; when the corner protector is installed on the corner guard, the outer surface of the outer protective part is flush with the outer surface of the corner guard, and the inner surface of the inner protective part is flush with the inner surface of the main frame.
2. The electronic device housing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corner protection component has a plate-like structure with a bending angle, and the ratio between the axial length of the outer protection part and the axial length of the corner guard plate is in the range of 0.4 to 0.
9. And / or, the ratio between the height of the outer protective part and the height of the corner guard plate is in the range of 0.3 to 0.
8.
3. The electronic device housing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer protective part includes a vertical portion and an inclined portion in its height direction, and there is an inclined angle between the inclined portion and the vertical portion.
4. The electronic device housing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The inner side of the main protective plate near the bottom protective plate has a receiving groove, and the bottom protective plate has a charging hole and a sound outlet; the electronic device housing also includes a clip assembly, the clip assembly comprising: Clips are disposed in the receiving groove; A transition piece, one end of which is connected to the clip, and the other end of which exposes the charging port or the sound outlet port; A hanging ring is disposed at the other end of the transition member and exposed outside the main frame.
5. The electronic device housing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transition component includes: The extension portion, the first end of which is fixedly connected to the clip; The crossing portion has an arched structure and is used to cross the charging port or the sound outlet port; the first end of the crossing portion is connected to the second end of the extension portion. The connecting part has a sleeve structure, is sleeved on the hanging ring, and is also connected to the second end of the crossing part.
6. The electronic device housing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sound outlet has two holes, which are distributed on both sides of the charging hole along the length of the bottom protective plate. The clip assembly has two transition pieces and two hanging rings. Each transition piece passes through one of the sound outlet holes and is connected to one of the hanging rings. Alternatively, the clip assembly has one of the transition members and one of the hanging rings, the transition member passing through the charging port and connected to the hanging ring; And / or, the electronic device housing may further include a lanyard connected to the hanging loop.
7. The electronic device housing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electronic device housing also includes a back protective layer disposed on the outer side of the main body protective plate; And / or, the electronic device housing may further include a top protective layer disposed on the outer side of the top cover.
8. The electronic device housing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The main frame also includes two symmetrical side panels that are perpendicular to the main protective plate; the lateral edges of the back protective layer further extend toward and cover the side panels.
9. The electronic device housing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer side of the main protective plate is also provided with an annular groove and a straight groove. The electronic device housing also includes an annular magnetic component disposed in the annular groove and a straight magnetic component disposed in the straight groove.
10. The electronic device housing according to claim 9, characterized in that, An isolation layer is also provided between the main body protective plate and the back protective layer; the electronic device housing also includes an internal protective layer disposed on the inner side of the main body protective plate.