Centering inner support tool for machining of shaft parts
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521951609.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-11
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，适应现实需要，提供一种轴类零件加工用定心内撑工装，以解决当前内撑工装不能够对轴类零件不同阶梯面进行内撑的技术问题
1、本实用新型通过设计固定座外表面两侧设置的内撑板，采用圆弧形外壁设计，可贴合轴类零件内孔曲面，配合表面V形防滑纹，能增大与零件内壁的摩擦力，避免夹持时打滑，同时，内撑板通过与换液流道内的活塞板连接，当驱动块推动固定座移动时，换液流道内液体可推动两侧活塞板同步联动，带动内撑板分别顶紧轴类零件的不同阶梯面，实现多阶梯同步支撑，解决传统卡爪仅能单阶梯夹持导致的待加工面悬空、易产生悬臂梁式振动的问题，保障加工精度，解决了内撑工装不能够对轴类零件不同阶梯面进行内撑问题。
Smart Images
Figure CN224713044U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining technology, and more specifically, to a centering inner support tooling for machining shaft parts. Background Technology
[0002] Shafts are rotating parts whose length is greater than their diameter. They are generally composed of a concentric cylindrical surface, a conical surface, an inner hole, threads, and corresponding end faces. They can be divided into plain shafts, stepped shafts, hollow shafts, and crankshafts. Plain shafts are generally solid and used as simple rotating shafts. Stepped shafts have shaft sections of different diameters to facilitate the installation of different parts. Hollow shafts reduce weight and are suitable for high-speed rotation applications requiring weight reduction. Centering and internal support fixtures for machining shafts are devices for precise positioning and internal support of shafts with machined inner holes. Centering and internal support fixtures can accurately position the part on the machine tool based on the inner hole of the shaft, ensuring that the axis of the part coincides with the axis of rotation of the machine tool, thereby ensuring machining accuracy. During machining, the fixture provides stable support for the shaft through internal support, enabling it to withstand the effects of cutting forces, gravity, and other external forces, preventing deformation or displacement of the part.
[0003] Currently, workpieces requiring internal support are typically supported internally using chucks, with multiple jaws used to hold and fix the workpiece internally. However, this traditional jaw system suffers from significant drawbacks, including poor stability. It cannot accommodate workpieces with different stepped surfaces and can only clamp and fix a single stepped surface. Consequently, when the machining surface of shaft-type parts does not cover the clamping surface, the surface to be machined becomes unsupported and suspended, which can easily lead to cantilever beam vibration and fails to guarantee the machining accuracy of shaft-type parts. Therefore, we propose a centering internal support fixture for machining shaft-type parts. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, adapt to the needs of reality, and provide a centering internal support tooling for machining shaft parts, so as to solve the technical problem that the current internal support tooling cannot provide internal support for different stepped surfaces of shaft parts.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a centering inner support tooling for machining shaft parts, comprising a chuck, a drive block distributed in a circular array inside the chuck, and an inner support device disposed on the outer surface of the drive block; The internal support device includes a fixed base and a liquid exchange channel. The liquid exchange channel is opened inside the fixed base. Piston plates are provided on both sides inside the liquid exchange channel. A dust removal mechanism is provided on the outer surface of the fixed base. The dust removal mechanism includes an exhaust chamber, a reset elastic plate, and an air storage hood. The end of the reset elastic plate is welded to the exhaust chamber. An air storage cavity is opened inside the air storage hood. Multiple folding grooves are opened on the outer wall of the air storage hood. The inner wall of the folding groove adopts a V-shaped structure design.
[0006] Preferably, the outer surface of the fixing base is provided with inner support plates on both sides. The inner support plates are designed with an arc shape away from the outer wall of the fixing base, and the surface is provided with parallel anti-slip patterns at equal intervals. The anti-slip patterns are designed with a V-shaped structure. The inner support plate has a guide rod welded to its outer wall. The guide rod has a diamond-shaped structure and is inserted into the fluid exchange channel. The end of the guide rod is screwed to the piston plate. The inner wall of the fluid exchange channel has a guide groove adapted to the shape of the guide rod.
[0007] Preferably, the fixing base is welded with a plurality of pressure plates facing the outer surface of the inner support plate, and the pressure plates are positioned corresponding to the inner support plate; A sealing ring is bonded and fixed at the opening of the fluid exchange channel facing the drive block, and the sealing ring is in contact with the outer surface of the drive block. The fixing seat is screwed to the drive block.
[0008] Preferably, both the exhaust chamber and the outer surface of the reset elastic sheet are provided with vent holes, and the air storage cavity is connected to the interior of the exhaust chamber through the vent holes; The lower end face of the exhaust chamber is threaded with parallel exhaust nozzles at equal intervals. The exhaust end of the exhaust nozzle has a constricted structure design, and a filter screen is glued and fixed to the exhaust end of the exhaust nozzle.
[0009] Preferably, the exhaust chamber is screwed to the fixed base, the end of the reset elastic sheet away from the exhaust chamber is welded with an assembly plate, and the assembly plate is screwed to the inner support plate.
[0010] Preferably, the reset elastic sheet has multiple adjacent V-shaped bends, and the bending directions of adjacent V-shaped bends are opposite, and the gas storage cover is welded to the V-shaped bends.
[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This utility model features inner support plates on both sides of the outer surface of the fixed base, with an arc-shaped outer wall design that can conform to the curved surface of the inner hole of shaft parts. Combined with the V-shaped anti-slip texture on the surface, it can increase the friction with the inner wall of the part and prevent slippage during clamping. At the same time, the inner support plates are connected to the piston plates in the fluid exchange channel. When the drive block pushes the fixed base to move, the liquid in the fluid exchange channel can push the piston plates on both sides to move synchronously, causing the inner support plates to press against different stepped surfaces of the shaft parts respectively, realizing multi-step synchronous support. This solves the problem that the machined surface is suspended and prone to cantilever beam vibration caused by the traditional chucks that can only clamp a single step, ensuring machining accuracy and solving the problem that the inner support fixture cannot provide internal support for different stepped surfaces of shaft parts.
[0012] 2. This utility model also designs a reset elastic plate connected to the inner support plate via an assembly plate. When the inner support plate moves with the guide rod, it causes the V-shaped bend of the reset elastic plate to expand or contract. When the reset elastic plate expands, the air storage hood at its V-shaped bend is stretched accordingly. Through the V-shaped deformation of the folding groove, the volume of the air storage chamber increases and air is drawn in. When the inner support plate resets and the reset elastic plate contracts, the volume of the air storage chamber decreases, and the internal air is forced into the exhaust chamber through the vent hole and finally ejected through the exhaust nozzle. The constricted structure of the exhaust nozzle can increase the airflow speed, effectively blowing away metal dust and debris in the processing area of shaft parts, preventing dust from adhering to the pressure plate, ensuring the support accuracy of the pressure plate on the inner support plate, and ensuring the accuracy of the inner support plate's support for shaft parts. No additional independent dust removal device is required, reducing equipment costs and further improving the internal support stability of the inner support plate for shaft parts. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main body of the chuck structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the drive block structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional exploded view of the fixing base structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the dust removal mechanism of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the resetting elastic sheet structure of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust chamber structure of this utility model.
[0014] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Chuck; 11. Drive block; 2. Internal support device; 21. Fixed seat; 22. Pressure plate; 23. Fluid exchange channel; 24. Sealing ring; 25. Piston plate; 26. Guide rod; 27. Internal support plate; 3. Dust removal mechanism; 31. Exhaust chamber; 32. Reset elastic plate; 33. Assembly plate; 34. Gas storage hood; 35. Vent hole; 36. Gas storage chamber; 37. Folding groove; 38. Exhaust nozzle. Detailed Implementation
[0015] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention relates to a centering inner support tooling for machining shaft parts, including a chuck 1, a drive block 11 distributed in a circular array inside the chuck 1, and an inner support device 2 provided on the outer surface of the drive block 11. The internal support device 2 includes a fixed base 21 and a liquid exchange channel 23. The liquid exchange channel 23 is opened inside the fixed base 21. Piston plates 25 are provided on both sides inside the liquid exchange channel 23. A dust removal mechanism 3 is provided on the outer surface of the fixed base 21. Internal support plates 27 are provided on both sides of the outer surface of the fixed base 21. The dust removal mechanism 3 includes an exhaust chamber 31, a reset elastic plate 32, and an air storage hood 34. The end of the reset elastic plate 32 is welded to the exhaust chamber 31. An air storage cavity 36 is opened inside the air storage hood 34, and multiple folding grooves 37 are opened on the outer wall of the air storage hood 34. The inner wall of the folding grooves 37 adopts a V-shaped structure design. The inner support device 2 has different stepped surfaces that can be adapted to shaft parts. Through the piston plate 25 in the fluid exchange channel 23, the inner support plates 27 on both sides are linked to achieve multi-step synchronous support, avoid the suspended vibration of the surface to be processed, and ensure processing accuracy. Moreover, the dust removal mechanism 3 automatically removes chips by air jetting through the reset elastic plate 32 and the air storage hood 34, which has the advantage of not requiring additional devices.
[0016] Specifically, the inner support plate 27 is designed with an arc-shaped structure away from the outer wall of the fixed base 21, and the surface is provided with parallel anti-slip patterns at equal intervals, and the anti-slip patterns are designed with a V-shaped structure. A guide rod 26 is welded to the outer wall of the inner support plate 27. The guide rod 26 has a rhomboid structure and inserts into the fluid exchange channel 23. The end of the guide rod 26 is screwed to the piston plate 25. The inner wall of the fluid exchange channel 23 has a guide groove adapted to the shape of the guide rod 26. The inner support plate 27 adopts an arc-shaped structure, which can better fit the circular inner wall of the workpiece, increase the contact area, improve the friction and stability during internal support, and prevent the workpiece from slipping. The equidistant parallel V-shaped anti-slip patterns further enhance the anti-slip effect between the inner support plate 27 and the workpiece. The guide rod 26 and the inner support plate 27 are welded together to ensure the connection strength and prevent the guide rod 26 from falling off during internal support. Compared with the circular guide rod 26, the rhomboid structure of the guide rod 26 can effectively prevent the guide rod 26 from rotating in the guide groove, ensuring the accurate movement direction of the inner support plate 27 and avoiding deviation. The guide groove is adapted to the shape of the guide rod 26, further improving the... To improve guiding accuracy and reduce frictional resistance during the movement of the guide rod 26, thus reducing component wear, when the inner support plate 27 contacts the stepped surface with the smallest inner diameter of the workpiece and is subjected to force, the inner support plate 27 retracts under force and drives the piston plate 25 to move inside the fluid exchange channel 23. The piston plate 25 on one side pushes the hydraulic oil inside the fluid exchange channel 23 to the piston plate 25 on the other side, causing the piston plate 25 on the other side to push the connected guide rod 26 and inner support plate 27 to extend. This achieves the purpose of the inner support plate 27 being in the inner diameter position at different locations, ensuring that the two sets of inner support plates 27 can support and fix the different stepped surfaces of the inner hole of the shaft part.
[0017] Furthermore, multiple pressure plates 22 are welded to the outer surface of the fixing base 21 facing the inner support plate 27, and the positions of the pressure plates 22 and the inner support plate 27 are corresponding. A sealing ring 24 is bonded and fixed at the opening of the fluid exchange channel 23 facing the drive block 11, and the sealing ring 24 contacts the outer surface of the drive block 11. The fixed seat 21 is screwed to the drive block 11. The pressure plate 22 corresponds to the inner support plate 27 and can provide support when the inner support plate 27 bears the reaction force of the workpiece, preventing the guide rod 26 from deforming due to excessive force. Multiple pressure plates 22 distribute the force, further improving the structural strength of the support parts of the fixed seat 21 and the inner support plate 27. The sealing ring 24 can effectively seal the gap between the fluid exchange channel 23 and the drive block 11, prevent the hydraulic oil in the fluid exchange channel 23 from leaking, and ensure the accuracy of the piston plate 25 in pushing the hydraulic oil inside the fluid exchange channel 23. The fixed seat 21 and the drive block 11 are connected by screws, which makes it easy to disassemble and replace the inner support device 2 of different specifications according to the workpiece requirements, improving the versatility of the equipment.
[0018] It is worth noting that both the exhaust chamber 31 and the reset elastic plate 32 have vent holes 35 on their outer surfaces, and the air storage chamber 36 is connected to the interior of the exhaust chamber 31 through the vent holes 35. The lower end face of the exhaust chamber 31 is connected with parallel exhaust nozzles 38 by threads at equal intervals. The exhaust end of the exhaust nozzle 38 has a constricted structure design, and a filter screen is glued and fixed to the exhaust end of the exhaust nozzle 38.
[0019] The vent 35 connects the air storage chamber 36 and the exhaust chamber 31, ensuring that the compressed air in the air storage chamber 36 can smoothly enter the exhaust chamber 31 to provide power for dust removal. The elastic force of the reset elastic plate 32 can push the inner support plate 27 to reset when it loses external force. The equally spaced parallel exhaust nozzles 38 can evenly spray the air inside the air storage chamber 36 onto the surface of the pressure plate 22, which can clean the metal debris on the surface of the pressure plate 22 and ensure the support strength of the pressure plate 22 for the inner support plate 27. The constricted structure design can increase the gas flow rate at the exhaust end, enhance the airflow impact force, and improve the dust cleaning ability. The filter screen at the exhaust end can prevent external metal debris from entering the exhaust chamber 31, avoid clogging the vent 35 or damaging internal components, and extend the service life of the dust removal mechanism 3.
[0020] It is worth mentioning that the exhaust chamber 31 is screwed to the fixed base 21, and an assembly plate 33 is welded to the end of the reset elastic plate 32 away from the exhaust chamber 31. The assembly plate 33 is screwed to the inner support plate 27. The screw connection between the exhaust chamber 31 and the fixed base 21 facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the dust removal mechanism 3, reducing maintenance difficulty. The assembly plate 33 increases the connection area between the reset elastic plate 32 and the inner support plate 27, making the connection more stable and preventing damage to the reset elastic plate 32 due to excessive local stress. The screw connection between the assembly plate 33 and the inner support plate 27 allows the installation position of the reset elastic plate 32 to be adjusted according to the movement range of the inner support plate 27, ensuring that the reset elastic plate 32 can accurately follow the movement of the inner support plate 27 and achieve synchronous reset.
[0021] It is worth noting that the reset elastic plate 32 has multiple adjacent V-shaped bends, and the bending directions of adjacent V-shaped bends are opposite. The gas storage cover 34 is welded to the V-shaped bends. When the inner support plate 27 is compressed, the reset elastic plate 32 can push the inner support plate 27 to reset according to its own elastic force. When the piston plate 25 moves, the hydraulic oil inside the fluid exchange channel 23 pulls the inner support plate 27 at the other end to move and reset synchronously. The V-shaped bends can ensure the elastic deformation capability of the reset elastic plate 32, so that it can adapt to the movement of the inner support plate 27, ensure the stability of the elastic force during reset, avoid elastic fatigue, and the gas inside the gas storage cover 34 can be transported to the exhaust chamber 31 when the reset elastic plate 32 is compressed.
[0022] Working Principle: This embodiment provides a centering inner support fixture for machining shaft parts. In use, the shaft part to be machined is fitted onto the outside of the fixture, so that the inner support device 2 of the fixture corresponds to the different stepped surfaces of the shaft part requiring inner support. Then, the chuck 1 is activated. The drive blocks 11, distributed in a circular array inside the chuck 1, move radially outward synchronously under the driving action of the chuck 1. As the drive blocks 11 move, they drive the fixed seat 21 of the inner support device 2, which is connected to them by screws, to move outward together. As the fixed seat 21 gradually approaches the inner wall of the shaft part, when the inner support plates 27 on both sides of the outer surface of the fixed seat 21 first contact and are compressed against the inner wall of a certain stepped surface of the shaft part, the inner support plates 27 will experience a reaction force. Because the outer wall of the inner support plates 27 is welded with a rhomboid shape... The guide rod 26 of the structure passes through the fluid exchange channel 23 inside the fixed base 21 and is screwed to the piston plate 25 inside the fluid exchange channel 23. At the same time, the inner wall of the fluid exchange channel 23 is provided with a guide groove adapted to the shape of the guide rod 26. Therefore, the reaction force on the inner support plate 27 will be transmitted to the piston plate 25 through the guide rod 26, pushing the piston plate 25 on that side to move along the guide groove in the fluid exchange channel 23. The fluid exchange channel 23 is filled with hydraulic oil. The movement of the piston plate 25 on one side will squeeze the hydraulic oil, causing the hydraulic oil to flow to the other side of the fluid exchange channel 23, thereby pushing the piston plate 25 on the other side to move. The piston plate 25 on the other side then drives the inner support plate 27 on the other side to extend outward through the corresponding guide rod 26, until the inner support plate 27 and the shaft part are connected. The inner wall of the other stepped surface contacts and presses against it, achieving synchronous internal support for different stepped surfaces. The outer wall of the inner support plate 27, away from the fixed seat 21, has an arc-shaped structure and V-shaped anti-slip texture, increasing the contact area and friction with the inner wall of the shaft-like parts to prevent slippage. Simultaneously, the pressure plate 22 welded to the outer surface of the fixed seat 21 corresponding to the inner support plate 27 provides support during internal support, preventing excessive deformation. The sealing ring 24 at the opening of the fluid exchange channel 23 towards the drive block 11 ensures the sealing of the fluid exchange channel 23, preventing hydraulic oil leakage from affecting the internal support effect. During the extension and retraction of the inner support plate 27, since the inner support plate 27 is connected to the reset elastic plate 32 of the dust removal mechanism 3 via the assembly plate 33, the reset elastic plate... The inner support plate 27 has multiple adjacent V-shaped bends with opposite bending directions, and a gas storage cover 34 is welded to the V-shaped bends. Therefore, when the inner support plate 27 moves, it will cause the V-shaped bends of the reset elastic plate 32 to deform. When the inner support plate 27 is compressed inward, the V-shaped bends of the reset elastic plate 32 are compressed. At this time, the V-shaped folding groove 37 on the outer wall of the gas storage cover 34 folds, and the volume of the gas storage cavity 36 inside the gas storage cover 34 is reduced. Air will enter the exhaust chamber 31 through the exhaust chamber 31 and the vent holes 35 on the reset elastic plate 32. Then, the gas is ejected from the exhaust nozzles 38 that are equidistantly threaded on the lower end face of the exhaust chamber 31. The exhaust end of the exhaust nozzle 38 has a constricted structure design, which can increase the gas ejection pressure, thereby preventing impurities such as iron filings from affecting the processing accuracy of the pressure plate 22.Furthermore, the filter screen at the exhaust end of the exhaust nozzle 38 prevents impurities such as iron filings from entering the exhaust chamber 31 and causing blockage. When the inner support device 2 detaches from the shaft-like parts, the inner support plate 27 applies pressure, and the V-shaped bend of the reset elastic plate 32 resets under its own elasticity. At this time, the V-shaped folding groove 37 on the outer wall of the air storage cover 34 unfolds, increasing the volume of the air storage chamber 36 inside the air storage cover 34. Outside air enters the air storage chamber 36 through the vent holes 35 on the exhaust chamber 31 and the reset elastic plate 32 and is stored there.
[0023] The embodiments disclosed herein are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can readily grasp the spirit of this utility model based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations. However, as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this utility model, they are all within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A centering internal support fixture for machining shaft-type parts, characterized in that, Includes a chuck (1) and a drive block (11) arranged in a circular array inside the chuck (1) and an inner support device (2) provided on the outer surface of the drive block (11). The internal support device (2) includes a fixed seat (21) and a liquid exchange channel (23). The liquid exchange channel (23) is opened inside the fixed seat (21). Piston plates (25) are provided on both sides inside the liquid exchange channel (23). A dust removal mechanism (3) is provided on the outer surface of the fixed seat (21). The dust removal mechanism (3) includes an exhaust chamber (31), a reset elastic plate (32), and an air storage cover (34). The end of the reset elastic plate (32) is welded to the exhaust chamber (31). An air storage cavity (36) is opened inside the air storage cover (34). Multiple folding grooves (37) are opened on the outer wall of the air storage cover (34). The inner wall of the folding grooves (37) adopts a V-shaped structure design.
2. The centering inner support fixture for machining shaft-type parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the fixed base (21) is provided with inner support plates (27) on both sides. The inner support plates (27) are designed with an arc shape away from the outer wall of the fixed base (21), and parallel anti-slip patterns are evenly distributed on the surface. The anti-slip patterns are designed with a V-shaped structure. The inner support plate (27) has a guide rod (26) welded to its outer wall. The guide rod (26) has a rhomboid structure design. The guide rod (26) is inserted into the fluid exchange channel (23), and the end of the guide rod (26) is screwed to the piston plate (25). The inner wall of the fluid exchange channel (23) is provided with a guide groove adapted to the shape of the guide rod (26).
3. The centering inner support fixture for machining shaft-type parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixing base (21) has multiple pressure plates (22) welded to the outer surface of the inner support plate (27), and the pressure plates (22) are positioned corresponding to the inner support plate (27); A sealing ring (24) is bonded and fixed at the opening of the fluid exchange channel (23) facing the drive block (11), and the sealing ring (24) is in contact with the outer surface of the drive block (11). The fixing seat (21) is screwed to the drive block (11).
4. The centering inner support fixture for machining shaft-type parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Ventilation holes (35) are provided on the outer surfaces of the exhaust chamber (31) and the reset elastic sheet (32), and the air storage chamber (36) is connected to the interior of the exhaust chamber (31) through the ventilation holes (35); The lower end face of the exhaust chamber (31) is threaded with parallel exhaust nozzles (38), the exhaust end of the exhaust nozzle (38) is designed with a constricted structure, and a filter screen is glued and fixed to the exhaust end of the exhaust nozzle (38).
5. The centering inner support fixture for machining shaft-type parts according to claim 4, characterized in that, The exhaust chamber (31) is screwed to the fixed seat (21), and the reset elastic plate (32) is welded to the end away from the exhaust chamber (31) with an assembly plate (33). The assembly plate (33) is screwed to the inner support plate (27).
6. The centering inner support fixture for machining shaft-type parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reset elastic sheet (32) has multiple adjacent V-shaped bends, and the bending directions of adjacent V-shaped bends are opposite. The gas storage cover (34) is welded to the V-shaped bend.