Cutting apparatus for cable processing
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522209953.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-17
AI Technical Summary
[0002]在电缆加工过程中,电缆的切段加工是常见的加工步骤之一;传统的电缆切割设备通常由工人徒手对电缆进行固定,再通过切割机对固定好的电缆进行切段加工,但手工固定的方式并不牢固,容易导致电缆在切割过程中发生移位,影响切割精度
[0016]本实用新型所涉及的电缆加工用切割设备,通过第一固定件和第二固定件的相互靠近和远离,可以精确地夹紧电缆,确保电缆在切割过程中的稳定性和准确性。
Smart Images

Figure CN224737185U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of cable processing equipment technology, and in particular to a cutting device for cable processing. Background Technology
[0002] In the cable processing process, cable cutting is one of the common processing steps. Traditional cable cutting equipment usually involves workers fixing the cable by hand and then using a cutting machine to cut the fixed cable into sections. However, manual fixing is not secure and can easily cause the cable to shift during the cutting process, affecting the cutting accuracy. Utility Model Content
[0003] Therefore, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a cutting device for cable processing with stable segmentation.
[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0005] A cable processing cutting device is used to cut cables into segments. The cable processing cutting device includes a frame, a fixing component mounted on the frame for fixing the cable, a movable component, and a cutting component mounted on the movable component. The fixing component includes a slide rail mounted on the frame, a first fixing member slidably mounted on the slide rail, a second fixing member, and a driving member mounted on the frame for driving the first fixing member and the second fixing member to move. The first fixing member includes a first slider slidably mounted on the slide rail, a first support block mounted on the first slider, a first fixing block mounted on the first support block, a first fixing part mounted on the first fixing block, a first internal thread mounted on the first support block, and a first external thread mounted on the first fixing block. The first external thread is configured to mate with the first internal thread, and the first fixing block is threadedly connected to the first support block. The driving member drives the first fixing member and the second fixing member to move away from or towards each other, thereby straightening and fixing or loosening and removing the cable on the first fixing member and the second fixing member.
[0006] Furthermore, the first fixing part includes a first fastening ring installed on the first fixing block, a first fastening arm disposed at both ends of the first fastening ring, a first connecting hole disposed on the first fastening arm, a first bolt disposed on the first connecting hole, and a first nut installed on the first bolt; the first nut is configured to cooperate with the first nut.
[0007] Furthermore, the second fixing member includes a second slider slidably disposed on the slide rail, a second support block mounted on the second slider, a second fixing block mounted on the second support block, a second fixing part disposed on the second fixing block, a second internal thread disposed on the second support block, and a second external thread disposed on the second fixing block; the second external thread is configured to cooperate with the second internal thread, and the second fixing block is threadedly connected to the second support block.
[0008] Furthermore, the second fixing part includes a second fastening ring mounted on the second fixing block, a second fastening arm disposed at both ends of the second fastening ring, a second connecting hole disposed on the second fastening arm, a second bolt disposed on the second connecting hole, and a second nut mounted on the second bolt; the second nut is configured to cooperate with the second nut.
[0009] Furthermore, the driving component includes a rotating support portion mounted on the frame, a driving screw mounted on the rotating support portion, a handwheel mounted on the driving screw, and a rotating handle mounted on the handwheel; the driving screw is threadedly connected to the first fixing member and the second fixing member; the driving screw is arranged in the opposite direction to the connection between the first fixing member and the second fixing member.
[0010] Furthermore, the rotating support includes a first support bearing and a second support bearing; the first support bearing and the second support bearing are respectively installed on both sides of the frame; the drive screw is installed on the first support bearing and the second support bearing.
[0011] Furthermore, the movable component includes a push cylinder mounted on the frame and a swing member mounted on the push cylinder; the cutting component is mounted on the swing member; the push direction of the push cylinder is arranged towards the cable side.
[0012] Furthermore, the swinging component includes a fixed plate mounted on the push cylinder, a swing arm rotatably mounted on the fixed plate, a first rotating block rotatably mounted on the fixed plate, a second rotating block rotatably mounted on the swing arm, and a support column mounted on the first rotating block and the second rotating block; the cutting assembly is mounted on the swing arm.
[0013] Furthermore, the slicing assembly includes a slicing motor mounted on the movable assembly and a slicing blade mounted on the slicing motor.
[0014] Furthermore, the slicing assembly also includes a protective cover installed on the outer edge of the slicing blade disc.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0016] The cable cutting equipment involved in this utility model can precisely clamp the cable by the mutual approach and distance of the first fixing member and the second fixing member, so as to ensure the stability and accuracy of the cable during the cutting process. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a cable processing cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fixing components of a cable processing cutting equipment;
[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Exploded view of the fixing components of a cable processing cutting equipment;
[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Exploded view of the first and second fixing parts of the cable processing cutting equipment;
[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cutting assembly of a cable processing cutting equipment;
[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Exploded view of the cutting assembly of a cable processing cutting equipment.
[0023] Reference numerals: 10, frame; 20, fixed assembly; 30, movable assembly; 40, cutting assembly; 21, slide rail; 22, first fixing member; 23, second fixing member; 24, driving member; 220, first slider; 221, first support block; 222, first fixing block; 223, first fixing part; 224, first internal thread; 225, first external thread; 2230, first fastening ring; 2231, first fastening arm; 2232, first connecting hole; 2233, first bolt; 2234, first nut; 230, second slider; 231, second support block; 232, second fixing block; 233, second fixing part. 234. Second internal thread; 235. Second external thread; 2330. Second fastening ring; 2331. Second fastening arm; 2332. Second connecting hole; 2333. Second bolt; 2334. Second nut; 240. Rotating support part; 241. Drive screw; 242. Handwheel; 423. Rotating handle; 2400. First support bearing; 2401. Second support bearing; 31. Push cylinder; 32. Swinging component; 320. Fixed plate; 321. Swinging arm; 322. First rotating block; 323. Second rotating block; 324. Support column; 41. Cutting motor; 42. Cutting blade; 43. Protective cover. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "vertical direction," "up," "down," and "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or a connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.
[0027] Please see Figures 1 to 6This invention relates to a cable processing cutting device according to one embodiment of the present invention, used for cutting cables into segments. The cable processing cutting device includes a frame 10, a fixing component 20 mounted on the frame 10 for fixing cables, a movable component 30, and a cutting component 40 mounted on the movable component 30. The fixing component 20 includes a slide rail 21 mounted on the frame 10, a first fixing member 22 and a second fixing member 23 slidably mounted on the slide rail 21, and a driving member 24 mounted on the frame 10 for driving the first fixing member 22 and the second fixing member 23 to move. The first fixing member 22 includes a first slider 220 slidably mounted on the slide rail 21 and a cutting component 24 mounted on the first slide rail 21. The first support block 221 on block 220, the first fixing block 222 mounted on the first support block 221, the first fixing part 223 disposed on the first fixing block 222, the first internal thread 224 disposed on the first support block 221, and the first external thread 225 disposed on the first fixing block 222; the first external thread 225 is configured to cooperate with the first internal thread 224, and the first fixing block 222 is threadedly connected to the first support block 221; the first fixing part 22 and the second fixing part 23 are driven to move away from each other or move closer to each other by the driving member 24, so as to straighten and fix or loosen and remove the cables on the first fixing part 22 and the second fixing part 23.
[0028] The working principle of the cable processing cutting equipment of this utility model is as follows: The cable is fixed by the first fixing part 22 and the second fixing part 23. Specifically, the cable is fixed by the first fixing part 223, which cooperates with the internal and external threads on the first support block 221 and the first fixing block 222 to adapt to the size of the cable. Then, the driving part 24 controls the two fixing parts to move away from each other, so that the cable can be stretched and fixed, and the cable to be processed is in a taut state. Then, the movable component 30 drives the cutting component to cut the cable into segments. The fixed cable is loosened by the first fixing part 22 and the second fixing part 23, and the processed cable is taken out. After the cutting is completed, the driving part 24 drives the first fixing part 22 and the second fixing part 23 to move closer to each other and then processes and cuts the next cable to be processed.
[0029] Compared to existing technologies, the cable processing cutting equipment of this utility model can precisely clamp the cable by moving the first fixing member 22 and the second fixing member 23 closer together and further apart, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the cable during the cutting process; it can adapt to cables of different diameters, improving the versatility and flexibility of the equipment; the first fixing block 222 is fixed to the first support block 221 by a threaded connection, and the position of the first fixing block 222 can be adjusted by rotation; this allows the fixing members to better adapt to cables of different diameters, ensuring that the cable is fixed more firmly and reliably; the movement of the first fixing member 22 and the second fixing member 23 is controlled by the driving member 24, which can realize automated operation, reduce manual intervention, and improve production efficiency and ease of operation; at the same time, the automated system can ensure that the position of the cable is consistent before each cut, further improving the cutting accuracy and quality.
[0030] Please refer to Figures 2 to 4 The first fixing part 223 includes a first fastening ring 2230 mounted on the first fixing block 222, first fastening arms 2231 disposed at both ends of the first fastening ring 2230, first connecting holes 2232 disposed on the first fastening arms 2231, first bolts 2233 disposed on the first connecting holes 2232, and first nuts 2234 mounted on the first bolts 2233. The first nuts 2234 are designed to cooperate with each other. The first fastening ring 2230 is mounted on the first fixing block 222 and can tightly wrap the cable to ensure that the cable will not slip or shift during the fixing process. The first fastening arms 2231 extend from both ends of the fastening ring, providing additional support and fixing points, and enhancing the fixing effect. The tightness of the first fastening arms 2231 can be adjusted by the cooperation of the first bolts 2233 and the first nuts 2234. Operators can adjust the tightening force of the retaining ring by rotating the nut, depending on the cable's diameter and stiffness, ensuring a more secure cable fixation. Because the bolt and nut allow for adjustment of the retaining ring's tightening force, this design can accommodate cables of different diameters. Whether the cable is thin or thick, effective fixation can be achieved by adjusting the tightening force. Operators can easily install or remove cables by simply rotating the nut, reducing operational complexity and time. This design makes fixing and removing cables more convenient; the design of the retaining ring and retaining arm ensures that the cable remains stable after fixing, preventing vibration or displacement, thereby improving cutting accuracy and reliability.
[0031] The second fixing member 23 includes a second slider 230 slidably mounted on the slide rail 21, a second support block 231 mounted on the second slider 230, a second fixing block 232 mounted on the second support block 231, a second fixing part 233 provided on the second fixing block 232, a second internal thread 234 provided on the second support block 231, and a second external thread 235 provided on the second fixing block 232; the second external thread 235 is configured to cooperate with the second internal thread 234, and the second fixing block 232 is threadedly connected to the second support block 231. The second slider 230 is slidably mounted on the slide rail 21 and can move along the slide rail 21 to ensure that the second fixing member 23 can accurately approach or move away from the first fixing member 22, thereby achieving precise cable fixing. The design of the second fixing block 232 and the fixing part can effectively clamp the cable, ensuring that the cable will not slip or shift during the fixing process, thus improving the fixing effect. The second fixing block 232 engages with the second internal thread 234 on the second support block 231 through the second external thread 235, and the position of the second fixing block 232 can be adjusted by rotation. This design allows the second fixing member 23 to better adapt to cables of different diameters, ensuring the fixing effect. Similar to the first fixing part 223, the second fixing part 233 may include components such as a fastening ring, fastening arm, connecting hole, bolt, and nut. These components can enhance the fixing force and ensure that the cable is more stable during the fixing process. The operator can easily install or remove the cable by simply rotating the nut to adjust the position of the second fixing block 232. This design makes fixing and removing the cable more convenient; the second fixing member 23, through the design of slider and threaded connection, ensures the stability of the cable after fixing, reduces shaking or displacement, thereby improving the cutting accuracy and reliability.
[0032] The second fixing part 233 includes a second fastening ring 2330 mounted on the second fixing block 232, second fastening arms 2331 disposed at both ends of the second fastening ring 2330, second connecting holes 2332 disposed on the second fastening arms 2331, second bolts 2333 disposed on the second connecting holes 2332, and second nuts 2334 mounted on the second bolts 2333; the second nuts 2334 are configured to cooperate with each other. The second fastening ring 2330 is mounted on the second fixing block 232 and can tightly wrap the cable to ensure that the cable will not slip or shift during the fixing process; the second fastening arms 2331 extend from both ends of the fastening ring, providing additional support and fixing points, and enhancing the fixing effect; the tightness of the second fastening arms 2331 can be adjusted by the cooperation of the second bolts 2333 and the second nuts 2334. Operators can adjust the tightening force of the retaining ring by rotating the nut, depending on the cable's diameter and stiffness, ensuring a more secure cable fixation. Because the bolt and nut allow for adjustment of the retaining ring's tightening force, this design can accommodate cables of different diameters. Whether the cable is thin or thick, effective fixation can be achieved by adjusting the tightening force. Operators can easily install or remove cables by simply rotating the nut, reducing operational complexity and time. This design makes fixing and removing cables more convenient; the design of the retaining ring and retaining arm ensures that the cable remains stable after fixing, preventing vibration or displacement, thereby improving cutting accuracy and reliability.
[0033] The drive unit 24 includes a rotating support 240 mounted on the frame 10, a drive screw 241 mounted on the rotating support 240, a handwheel 242 mounted on the drive screw 241, and a rotating handle 423 mounted on the handwheel 242. The drive screw 241 is threadedly connected to the first fixing member 22 and the second fixing member 23. The connection directions of the drive screw 241 to the first fixing member 22 and the second fixing member 23 are opposite. Precise linear movement can be achieved through the threaded connection of the drive screw 241 to the first fixing member 22 and the second fixing member 23. This design ensures very precise movement of the cable fixing member, accurately adjusting the cable position and improving the accuracy of fixing and cutting. The opposite connection directions of the drive screw 241 to the first fixing member 22 and the second fixing member 23 mean that when the drive screw 241 rotates, the first fixing member 22 and the second fixing member 23 will move in opposite directions. This design allows the cable to maintain uniform tension between the two fixing components, ensuring the cable's stability and straightness during fixing. The operator can easily rotate the drive screw 241 via the handwheel 242 and the rotating handle 423 to move the fixing components. This manual operation method is simple and intuitive, facilitating quick adjustments under different conditions. The rotating support 240 mounted on the frame 10 provides stable support, ensuring smooth rotation of the drive screw 241, reducing vibration and deviation during movement, and further improving the stability and reliability of the equipment.
[0034] The rotating support 240 includes a first support bearing 2400 and a second support bearing 2401; the first support bearing 2400 and the second support bearing 2401 are respectively mounted on both sides of the frame 10; the drive screw 241 is mounted on the first support bearing 2400 and the second support bearing 2401. The first support bearing 2400 and the second support bearing 2401, respectively mounted on both sides of the frame 10, provide stable support for the drive screw 241; this effectively reduces the swaying and vibration of the drive screw 241 during rotation, ensuring smoother movement and improving the overall stability of the equipment; the bearing design significantly reduces friction between the drive screw 241 and the frame 10, thereby reducing wear. This not only extends the service life of the drive screw 241 but also reduces maintenance frequency and costs; the bearings ensure that the drive screw 241 maintains precise axial positioning during rotation, avoiding positional deviations caused by friction or misalignment. This precise control makes the movement of the first fixing member 22 and the second fixing member 23 more accurate, improving the precision of cable fixing and cutting; the use of bearings can significantly reduce the noise generated by the drive screw 241 when rotating, making the equipment quieter during operation and improving the comfort of the working environment.
[0035] Please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6The movable component 30 includes a push cylinder 31 mounted on the frame 10 and a swing element 32 mounted on the push cylinder 31; the cutting component 40 is mounted on the swing element 32; the push direction of the push cylinder 31 is set towards the cable side. The push cylinder 31 can provide stable thrust, ensuring that the cutting component 40 accurately reaches the predetermined position during the cutting process. This control method can achieve high-precision cutting and reduce cutting errors; the introduction of the swing element 32 allows the cutting component 40 to swing up and down, better adapting to cables of different diameters and shapes. This design makes the cutting action more flexible and can handle complex cutting tasks; the rapid response characteristics of the cylinder allow the cutting component 40 to quickly reach the cutting position, improving cutting speed and efficiency. Especially in continuous cutting operations, this design can significantly reduce cutting time; the push direction of the cylinder is set towards the cable side, which can precisely control the magnitude and direction of the cutting force. This design reduces the possibility of accidents during the cutting process and improves operational safety.
[0036] The swing component 32 includes a fixed plate 320 mounted on the push cylinder 31, a swing arm 321 rotatably mounted on the fixed plate 320, a first rotating block 322 rotatably mounted on the fixed plate 320, a second rotating block 323 rotatably mounted on the swing arm 321, and a support column 324 mounted on the first rotating block 322 and the second rotating block 323; the cutting assembly 40 is mounted on the swing arm 321. The fixed plate 320 is mounted on the push cylinder 31, providing a stable support base for the swinging component 32 and ensuring the stability of the swing arm 321 during movement. The swing arm 321 is rotatably mounted on the fixed plate 320, allowing for precise swinging movements, enabling the cutting assembly 40 to accurately reach the cutting position. The first rotating block 322 and the second rotating block 323 are rotatably mounted on the fixed plate 320 and the swing arm 321, respectively. This design makes the movement of the swing arm 321 more flexible and adaptable to cutting requirements at different angles and positions. The support column 324 is mounted on the first rotating block 322 and the second rotating block 323, providing additional support for the swing arm 321 and ensuring its stability and accuracy during swinging. Through the multi-point support design of the fixed plate 320, the swing arm 321, the first rotating block 322, the second rotating block 323, and the support column 324, the high precision of the swing arm 321 during movement is ensured, reducing deviations during the cutting process.
[0037] The cutting assembly 40 includes a cutting motor 41 mounted on the movable assembly 30 and a cutting disc 42 mounted on the cutting motor 41. The cutting motor 41 provides stable power, ensuring the cutting disc 42 operates precisely during the cutting process, resulting in more accurate cutting positions and reduced cutting errors. The motor-driven cutting disc 42 can rotate rapidly, increasing cutting speed and shortening cutting time. This design significantly improves work efficiency, especially in continuous cutting operations. The start and stop of the cutting motor 41 can be precisely controlled by the control system, reducing unexpected risks during the cutting process and improving operational safety. The rotational speed of the cutting motor 41 and the cutting angle of the cutting disc 42 can be adjusted according to different cutting requirements, enabling the equipment to adapt to various cable cutting tasks and providing high adaptability and flexibility.
[0038] The cutting assembly 40 also includes a protective cover 43 installed on the outer edge of the cutting disc 42. The protective cover 43 can effectively prevent operators from coming into contact with the high-speed rotating cutting disc 42 during the cutting process, reducing the risk of accidental injury and improving operational safety; the protective cover 43 can block flying debris such as fragments and sparks generated during the cutting process, protecting operators and other equipment from injury or damage; the protective cover 43 can partially block the noise generated during the cutting process, reducing noise transmission, making the working environment quieter and improving working comfort.
[0039] The above description merely illustrates the preferred technical solution of this utility model, and while the description is relatively specific and detailed, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and this utility model also intends to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A cable processing cutting device for cutting cables into segments; characterized in that, The cable processing cutting equipment includes a frame, a fixing component mounted on the frame for fixing cables, a movable component, and a cutting component mounted on the movable component. The fixing component includes a slide rail mounted on the frame, a first fixing member slidably mounted on the slide rail, a second fixing member, and a driving member mounted on the frame for driving the first fixing member and the second fixing member to move. The first fixing member includes a first slider slidably mounted on the slide rail, a first support block mounted on the first slider, a first fixing block mounted on the first support block, a first fixing part mounted on the first fixing block, a first internal thread mounted on the first support block, and a first external thread mounted on the first fixing block. The first external thread is configured to cooperate with the first internal thread, and the first fixing block is threadedly connected to the first support block. The driving member drives the first fixing member and the second fixing member to move away from or towards each other, so as to straighten and fix or loosen and remove the cables on the first fixing member and the second fixing member.
2. The cable processing cutting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first fixing part includes a first fastening ring mounted on the first fixing block, a first fastening arm disposed at both ends of the first fastening ring, a first connecting hole disposed on the first fastening arm, a first bolt disposed on the first connecting hole, and a first nut mounted on the first bolt; the first nut is configured to cooperate with the first nut.
3. The cable processing cutting equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second fixing member includes a second slider slidably mounted on the slide rail, a second support block mounted on the second slider, a second fixing block mounted on the second support block, a second fixing part disposed on the second fixing block, a second internal thread disposed on the second support block, and a second external thread disposed on the second fixing block; the second external thread is configured to cooperate with the second internal thread, and the second fixing block is threadedly connected to the second support block.
4. The cable processing cutting equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second fixing part includes a second fastening ring mounted on the second fixing block, a second fastening arm disposed at both ends of the second fastening ring, a second connecting hole disposed on the second fastening arm, a second bolt disposed on the second connecting hole, and a second nut mounted on the second bolt; the second nut is configured to cooperate with the second nut.
5. The cable processing cutting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving component includes a rotating support mounted on the frame, a driving screw mounted on the rotating support, a handwheel mounted on the driving screw, and a rotating handle mounted on the handwheel; The drive screw is threadedly connected to the first fixing member and the second fixing member; the connection direction of the drive screw to the first fixing member and the second fixing member is opposite.
6. The cable processing cutting equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rotating support includes a first support bearing and a second support bearing; the first support bearing and the second support bearing are respectively installed on both sides of the frame; the drive screw is installed on the first support bearing and the second support bearing.
7. The cable processing cutting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable component includes a push cylinder mounted on the frame and a swing component mounted on the push cylinder; the cutting component is mounted on the swing component; the push direction of the push cylinder is set towards the cable side.
8. The cable processing cutting equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The swinging component includes a fixed plate mounted on the push cylinder, a swing arm rotatably mounted on the fixed plate, a first rotating block rotatably mounted on the fixed plate, a second rotating block rotatably mounted on the swing arm, and a support column mounted on the first rotating block and the second rotating block; the cutting assembly is mounted on the swing arm.
9. The cable processing cutting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slicing assembly includes a slicing motor mounted on the movable assembly and a slicing blade mounted on the slicing motor.
10. The cable processing cutting equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The slicing assembly also includes a protective cover installed on the outer edge of the slicing blade disc.