Garbage screening device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a device for screening garbage, disclose a kind of garbage screening equipment, including feeding device and at least two parallel arrangement drum of each other interval being installed on rack, the bristle is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of drum, the bristle between the two drums of adjacent position is crossed and forms screening working surface, the lower part of the gravity direction of screening working surface is provided with heavy material discharge port, the side of the drum farthest from feeding device is provided with light material discharge port.Each drum is driven by the same driving device, the driving device drives each drum by transmission belt and friction wheel, and the inner side and the outer side of the transmission belt are respectively provided with tensioning guide wheel.The spacing between the first drum and the second drum can be adjusted from the feeding end.Using the utility model can reduce the energy consumption and noise of equipment operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a device for screening waste. Background Technology

[0002] The comprehensive treatment of municipal solid waste is a systematic project. The sorting and screening of waste generally includes manual picking, magnetic separation, crushing and screening, air separation, drum screening, etc. The purpose is to screen out metallic materials, heavy materials and light materials. Heavy materials and light materials with a density lower than heavy materials are further screened, recycled and treated in a corresponding manner according to their material properties.

[0003] Waste sorting is generally accomplished through a combination of multi-stage equipment. Among these, the most common method for separating heavy and light materials is air separation, which uses a high-powered fan to blow light materials away from heavy materials while the equipment is in motion. The problems with this type of air separation equipment are high energy consumption and significant operating noise, requiring further improvement. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a waste screening device that uses multi-stage drums to screen heavy and light waste materials. This device does not require the use of high-power fans, thus reducing energy consumption and operating noise.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: a waste screening device, including a feeding device and at least two rollers arranged in parallel and spaced apart on the frame. The outer peripheral wall of the rollers is covered with bristles. The bristles between two adjacent rollers intersect to form a screening working surface. A heavy material outlet is provided at the lower part of the screening working surface in the direction of gravity, and a light material outlet is provided on the side of the roller furthest from the feeding device. Material is fed by the feeding device, and the rotating drums drive the material from the feeding side to the discharge side. During this movement, when heavy materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, and stones come into contact with the bristles, their gravity causes the bristles to bend and deform, forming large gaps. The heavy materials will then fall through the screening surface into the heavy material discharge port. Lighter materials such as plastics, paper, and textiles, when they come into contact with the bristles, are not heavy enough to bend the bristles and create gaps for them to pass through. The lighter materials will pass through the screening surface and, after passing through all the rotating drums, finally reach the light material discharge port. This achieves the screening of light and heavy materials without the need for a high-powered blower. Those skilled in the art should understand that the bristle density on the drums, or the spacing between adjacent bristle clusters, and the bristle length, can be reasonably determined based on the size range of the material to be screened.

[0006] The rollers consist of at least three rollers, with the stiffness of the bristles on each roller changing monotonically from high to low, from the inlet to the outlet. The different stiffnesses of the bristles allow for the sieving of heavy materials within a certain density range. The different stiffnesses of the bristles can be achieved by changing the material or diameter of the bristles.

[0007] From the feed end, the distance between the first and second rollers is adjustable. This structure can increase the distance between the first and second rollers to allow large pieces of heavy material to fall directly from the screening working surface between the first and second rollers in certain cases, thus preventing excessively large heavy materials from being mistakenly conveyed to the light material discharge port.

[0008] Each roller is driven by the same drive unit, which drives each roller via a transmission belt and friction wheels. Tensioning guide wheels are arranged on the inner and outer sides of the transmission belt, respectively. This arrangement simplifies the roller transmission mechanism and is suitable for adjusting the gap between the first and second rollers.

[0009] The first roller's shaft is mounted on two support bases at both ends, and these support bases are slidably connected to the frame. A telescopic connecting rod, acting as a pitch-changing device, connects the frame and the support bases, allowing for stepless adjustment of the distance between the first and second rollers, increasing the equipment's flexibility. When a large, heavy object enters the casing, the distance between the first and second rollers is increased, causing the heavy object to fall directly into the heavy object outlet. Then, the first roller is reset to resume normal screening.

[0010] The frame is equipped with a cover, which is arranged above the screening working surface. The top of the cover is provided with a cover outlet, and a deodorization system is provided at the cover outlet to improve the operating environment.

[0011] The feeding device is a belt conveyor, and its discharge end is located inside the cover to prevent material from scattering.

[0012] The lightweight material outlet is a guide groove connected to the end of the cover to prevent the lightweight material from escaping.

[0013] The cover is equipped with an observation window to facilitate observation of material feeding and screening.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: reduced energy consumption and noise during equipment operation. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the waste screening equipment of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the waste screening equipment of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the middle roller drive structure.

[0018] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the pitch control device and the rollers and frame.

[0019] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1-Feeding device, 2-Drive device, 3-Electrical control system, 4-Drum, 5-Heavy material outlet, 6-Light material outlet, 7-Frame, 8-Deodorization device, 9-Cover, 10-Variable pitch device, 11-Transmission belt, 12-Friction wheel, 13-Inner tension guide wheel, 14-Outer tension guide wheel, 15-Support seat, 16-Rotating shaft, 40-Brush bristles. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Example: like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the waste screening equipment of this utility model includes a feeding device 1 and at least two parallel rollers 4, each mounted on a frame 7. The feeding device 1 conveys the mixture of light and heavy materials to be screened to the outer peripheral wall of the rollers 4, where bristles 40 are arranged. The bristles 40 between two adjacent rollers 4 intersect to form a screening working surface. The feeding device 1 conveys the mixture of light and heavy materials to be screened above the screening working surface. The rotation of the rollers 4 drives the light materials forward. The light materials hardly deform the bristles 40, while the weight of the heavy materials causes the bristles 40 on the rollers to bend and deform, falling below the screening working surface. A heavy material outlet 5 is provided at the lower part of the screening working surface in the direction of gravity, and a light material outlet 6 is provided on the side of the roller furthest from the feeding device 1.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, there are at least three rollers 4, arranged sequentially and spaced apart on the frame 7. The roller axes can all be located on the same horizontal plane or on an inclined plane with an angle to the horizontal plane. Each roller is driven by the same drive device 2. The drive device 2 drives each roller through a transmission belt 11 and a friction wheel 12. A friction wheel 12 is installed at one end of the roller shaft, and the transmission belt 11 is wound around the friction wheel 12. Tensioning guide wheels are arranged on the inner and outer sides of the transmission belt 11, including an inner tensioning guide wheel 13 and an outer tensioning guide wheel 14. The friction force drives each roller 4 to rotate, which can ensure that the power of the drive device can still be transmitted to the roller shaft while adjusting the roller spacing. The stiffness of the bristles 40 attached to each roller 4 changes monotonically from large to small from the feed end to the discharge end. Therefore, this equipment can be used to screen out heavy materials with a certain density range from the mixture.

[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, the first roller's shaft 16, counting from the feed end, is mounted on a support base 15 at both ends. The support bases 15 are slidably connected to the frame 7. A telescopic connecting rod, acting as a pitch-changing device 10, connects the frame 7 and the support bases 15, allowing the distance between the first and second rollers to be adjustable. When a large, heavy object enters the casing, the pitch-changing device 10 is activated, shortening the connecting rod between the support base 15 and the frame 7, increasing the distance between the first and second rollers, causing the heavy object to fall directly into the heavy object outlet. The first roller is then reset to resume normal screening. This structure prevents large, heavy objects from mixing with lighter objects. The telescopic connecting rod can be an electric push rod.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, a cover 9 is installed on the frame 7 to prevent the odor from the waste from spreading. The cover 9 is positioned above the screening working surface. The feeding device 1 can be a common belt conveyor, and a cover can also be installed above the belt conveyor to reduce odor emission. Its discharge end is located inside the cover 9 to prevent light materials from escaping and to maintain a clean working environment. A cover outlet is provided at the top of the cover 9, and a deodorizing device 8 is installed at the cover outlet. The deodorizing device 8 can be an existing device, such as an activated carbon packing box. The light material discharge port 6 is a guide groove connected to the end of the cover 9. The shell wall of the cover 9 facing the operator is made of transparent material and serves as an observation window to facilitate observation of the feeding and screening conditions, in order to determine whether the operation is normal and whether the position of the aforementioned first roller needs to be adjusted.

[0025] The drum drive motor used in this embodiment has a power of 1.5kW, compared to the 41kW power of a single traditional wind-powered screening machine. If each machine operates for 8 hours, it can save 39.5 × 8 = 316 kWh of electricity per day, demonstrating significant energy savings. This embodiment uses a small-power motor, drum, and auxiliary devices instead of a high-power fan. Considering the initial equipment investment and wear parts consumption costs, the cost is approximately 20,000 RMB per set, compared to the market price of approximately 30,000 RMB per set for a 41kW high-power fan, saving up to 33% in initial purchase costs. Generally, a 1.5kW motor produces about 65 decibels of noise, while a 41kW high-power fan can reach about 90 decibels. Using this embodiment reduces noise by approximately 25 decibels.

[0026] This type of screening equipment is mainly used as one step in the screening process of municipal solid waste. It separates lightweight materials such as plastics and paper from heavy materials such as ash, metals, and ceramics. The bristles on each roller have different stiffness. When the weight of the heavy material causes the bristles to bend and deform in a way that exceeds the material's external dimensions, the heavy material will fall below the screening surface due to the bending deformation of the bristles. The roller spacing is adapted to the bristle length, which is determined by the size of the heavy material to be screened, while the bristle stiffness is determined by the density of the heavy material. Alternatively, a cluster of rigid bristles can be arranged at certain intervals along the roller axis, with the rigid bristles of adjacent rollers arranged alternately to screen large and small materials.

Claims

1. Waste screening equipment, including a feeding device (1) characterized by: It also includes at least three rollers (4) that are all mounted on the frame (7) and arranged in parallel with each other at intervals. The outer peripheral wall of the rollers (4) is covered with bristles (40). The bristles (40) between two adjacent rollers (4) intersect to form a screening working surface. A heavy material outlet (5) is provided at the lower part of the screening working surface in the direction of gravity. A light material outlet (6) is provided on the side of the roller furthest from the feeding device (1). From the feeding end to the discharging end, the stiffness of the bristles (40) attached to each roller (4) changes monotonically from large to small. The distance between the first roller and the second roller is adjustable from the feeding end.

2. The waste screening equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each roller is driven by the same drive device (2), which drives each roller through a transmission belt (11) and a friction wheel (12). Tensioning guide wheels are arranged on the inner and outer sides of the transmission belt (11).

3. The waste screening equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The first roller's shaft (16) is mounted on a support base (15) at both ends. The support base (15) is slidably connected to the frame (7). A telescopic connecting rod is connected between the frame (7) and the support base (15) as a pitch-changing device (10).

4. The waste screening device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The frame (7) is provided with a cover (9), which is arranged above the screening working surface. A cover outlet is provided at the top of the cover (9), and a deodorizing device (8) is provided at the cover outlet.

5. The waste screening device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The feeding device (1) is a belt conveyor, and its discharge end is located inside the cover (9).

6. The waste screening device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The lightweight material outlet (6) is a guide groove connected to the end of the cover (9).

7. The waste screening device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: An observation window is provided on the cover (9).

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