Charging device for a vehicle

Abstract

Charging device for a vehicle with an energy storage device (1), wherein the charging device comprises a charging source (2a), a charging plug (3a), a charging socket (4c), a charging control unit (5), an AC charger (6) and a power switching device (7), and the charging socket comprises nine electrically connectable contacts, wherein the first contact (11) is connected to the charging control unit as a pilot contact via a pilot line (pilot), the second contact (12) is connected to the charging control unit as a proximity contact via a proxy line (proxy), the third contact (13) is connected to vehicle ground as a protective conductor contact via a protective conductor (PE), the fourth contact (14) is connected to the AC charger as a neutral conductor contact via a neutral line (N), and the fifth contact (15) is connected to the AC charger as a phase-1 contact via a phase-1 line (L1), characterized in that - the eighth contact (18) can be connected to the energy storage device as a positive DC contact via a DC-plus line (DC+) and via the power isolating device, - the ninth contact (19) can be connected to the energy storage device as a negative DC contact via a DC-minus line (DC-) and via the power isolating device, - the sixth contact (16) is connected to the DC negative line as a phase 2 contact via a phase 2 line (L2''), and - the seventh contact (17) is connected as a phase 3 contact via a phase 3 line (L3'') to the DC-plus line.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a charging device for a vehicle with an energy storage device, wherein the charging device comprises a charging source, a charging plug, a charging socket, a charging control unit, an AC charger and a power switching device, and the charging socket comprises nine electrically configurable contacts, wherein the first contact is connected to the charging control unit as a pilot contact via a pilot line, the second contact is connected to the charging control unit as a proxy contact via a proxy line, the third contact is connected to the vehicle ground as a protective conductor contact via a protective line, the fourth contact is connected to the AC charger as a neutral conductor contact via a neutral line, and the fifth contact is connected to the AC charger as a phase-1 contact via a phase-1 line.

[0002] Vehicles with electrified powertrains are considered key to the future of individual mobility worldwide. Modern vehicle development is working on solutions for charging in-vehicle energy storage systems. Currently, wired, decentralized charging methods are favored. This means that the vehicle user has access to a sufficient density of external charging points within a given area, such that the vehicle's average range is at least equal to the average distance between two charging points. High charging convenience is characterized by a high charging rate, i.e., short charging times, and by high availability of charging points, i.e., high compatibility between the external charging points and the vehicle.

[0003] According to current technology, a vehicle-side charging socket for a wired charging plug is established, see, for example, the international draft standard IEC 62196. The 7-pin plug, designated as Type 2 in this draft standard 62196, allows the user to charge the vehicle battery with alternating current via a single-phase or three-phase AC power supply and / or with direct current, provided the charging source offers both charging modes. When charging with direct current, the power is limited to a maximum current of 80 A at a maximum voltage of 300 V to 480 V. If a charging source provides direct current charging up to a maximum current of 200 A and a maximum voltage of 600 V to 850 V, thus enabling faster charging, a plug-socket system designated Combo-2, which features special direct current contacts, is used according to the draft standard IEC 62196.

[0004] If a vehicle is equipped with a charging socket for the Type 2 connector, the user cannot charge the battery at a charging source that has a Combo 2 connector with a direct current of more than 80 A.

[0005] One object of the invention is to describe an improved charging device for electrically charging an energy storage device of a vehicle.

[0006] This problem is solved by a charging device according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

[0007] According to the invention, the eighth contact is connected to the energy storage device via a DC-plus line and the power switching device as a positive DC contact, and the ninth contact is connected to the energy storage device via a DC-minus line and the power switching device as a negative DC contact. Furthermore, according to the invention, the sixth contact is connected to the DC-minus line via a phase-2 line as a phase-2 contact, and the seventh contact is connected to the DC-plus line as a phase-3 contact via a phase-3 line.

[0008] This offers the advantage that an external DC voltage located between the sixth contact and the seventh contact is also present between the DC-minus line and the DC-plus line.

[0009] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the charging socket has a protective flap that can be actuated by the charging control unit or by the operator, through which an open state can be assumed and through which a closed state can be assumed. In the closed state, the DC positive contact and the DC negative contact are covered.

[0010] The protective flap offers the particular advantage that the DC-plus contact and the DC-minus contact can be covered, so that these two contacts are not freely accessible to the user when the protective flap is closed during the intended use of the charging device.

[0011] According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the charging socket has a flap sensor that can detect the state of the protective flap. Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the invention comprises a data connection between the flap sensor and the charging control unit, via which the detected state of the protective flap can be transmitted from the flap sensor to the charging control unit.

[0012] The flap sensor detects when the protective flap is in a specific state. The charging control unit can then switch the protective flap to the other state if necessary. Alternatively, the operator can be notified of a malfunctioning protective flap.

[0013] Preferably, a first charging plug in the form of a plug-socket connection can be plugged into the charging socket with the protective cover open or closed. This first plug has at least 3 pins and at most 7 pins. At least three core pins of the first charging plug are electrically connected. In a plug-socket connection made with the first charging plug, the first three contacts are connected identically to the core pins of the first charging plug, and the maximum of seven pins are connected identically to the first seven contacts of the socket. The protective cover of the first charging plug is either closable or closed.

[0014] The first charging plug can, for example, be designed as a Type 2 plug according to the international draft standard IEC 62196, and the vehicle's charging socket can be designed as a Combo-2 type charging socket. The core poles of the charging plug are those poles that, when the plug-socket connection is properly made, are electrically connected to the pilot contact, the proxy contact, and the protective earth contact. Alternatively, the first charging plug can also be designed as a Type 1 plug according to the international draft standard IEC 62196. This plug has five poles that can be connected to the first five contacts of the socket in the same configuration.Pinout matching means that, when a plug-socket connection is properly manufactured, a predetermined first pole of the plug is connected to the first contact of the socket, a predetermined second pole of the plug to the second contact of the socket, a predetermined third pole of the plug to the third contact of the socket, a predetermined fourth pole of the plug to the fourth contact of the socket, and a predetermined fifth pole of the plug to the first contact of the socket. Thus, each electrical pole of the plug is electrically connected to a predetermined contact of the nine contacts of the charging socket. Pinout matching can be ensured, for example, by mechanically guiding the plug in the charging socket using protrusions, lugs, or rails.

[0015] According to a further embodiment of the invention, with a plug-socket connection produced with the first charging plug and with the electrical supply of alternating voltage to the fourth and fifth contacts by the charging source, the battery can be charged via the AC charger.

[0016] This means that the user of the charging device can connect the vehicle to a charging source that provides single-phase alternating current to charge the energy storage system via the first charging plug.

[0017] Alternatively, with the first charging plug connected to the socket and the sixth and seventh contacts electrically supplied with DC voltage by the charging source, the battery can be charged with DC current when the power connection is made by the power switching device and the protective flap is closed.

[0018] If, according to the draft standard IEC 62196, the first charging plug is a Type 2 connector and the charging socket is a Combo 2 connector, the charging source provides direct current, and the user connects the vehicle to the charging source via the first charging plug, the energy storage device can be charged with direct current while the protective cover is closed. According to the draft standard IEC 62196, the direct current for charging with direct current via the Type 2 connector is limited to a maximum of 80 A. This type of charging is referred to as DC low charging. For DC low charging with the Type 2 connector, it is a prerequisite that the charging controller can detect that the protective cover is in the closed position, so that the positive and negative DC contacts are not freely accessible to the outside.

[0019] If the charging source can supply both single-phase alternating current and direct current, the charging control unit selects and executes one of the two charging modes based on various parameters of the energy storage system and the charging source. The selected charging process is then controlled and regulated by the charging control unit according to the state of the art.

[0020] According to a further embodiment of the invention, a second charging plug in the form of a plug-socket connection can be connected to the charging socket when the protective flap is open. According to this embodiment, the second charging plug has at least three and at most nine pins, with at least three core pins of the second charging plug being electrically connected. When the plug-socket connection is made with the second charging plug, the first three contacts are connected to the core pins of the second charging plug in the same configuration, and the up to nine pins are connected to the nine contacts of the socket in the same configuration.

[0021] The second charging plug and the charging socket can, for example, be designed as a Combo-2 plug and Combo-2 charging socket according to the international draft standard IEC 62196, with regard to their basic geometric shape. The core poles of the charging plug are those poles that, when the plug-socket connection is properly made, are electrically connected to the pilot contact, the proxy contact, and the protective earth contact. The other six contacts of the socket are connected to a maximum of six other poles of the plug in an identical configuration; that is, predetermined poles of the plug can be present for certain additional contacts of the socket.

[0022] Preferably, with the second charging plug connection and the electrical supply of DC voltage to the eighth and ninth contacts by the charging source, the battery can be charged when the power connection is established by the power switching device.

[0023] Provided the charging source supplies direct current (DC), the energy storage device can be charged with DC current even at a current exceeding 80 A when the plug-socket connection is made using the second charging plug. This type of charging is known as DC high charging. DC high charging via the eighth and ninth contacts is also possible with a 7-pin Combo 1 connector according to the international draft standard IEC 62196.

[0024] Additionally, if the second charging plug is used to make a plug-socket connection and if the fourth and fifth contacts are electrically connected to alternating current by the charging source, the battery can be charged via the AC charger.

[0025] This means that the second charging plug can also be used to charge the energy storage device with alternating current, provided the charging source supplies single-phase AC voltage. If the charging source can supply both single-phase AC and DC high-voltage charging when the second charging plug is connected, the charging control unit selects and executes a charging mode based on various parameters of the energy storage device and the charging source. The selected charging process is then controlled and regulated by the charging control unit according to state-of-the-art technology.

[0026] The charging device offers the advantage of establishing a plug-socket connection, and thus a charging connection, between the vehicle and the charging source via two different connectors. Regardless of the charging type supported by the charging source (AC, DC-low, DC-high) and the connector used (Type 2 or Combo-2), the vehicle user can establish a charging connection. Depending on the charging type supported by the charging source (AC, DC-low, DC-high) and the connector used (Type 2 or Combo-2), the charging control unit can initiate the charging process, selecting the appropriate one based on various existing influencing factors.

[0027] The invention is based on the considerations set out below: For electric and hybrid vehicles, various conductive, i.e., wired, charging technologies exist at an external charging source. One of these wired charging options is AC charging, i.e., alternating current charging, where the charger is located in the vehicle. Another wired charging option is DC charging, i.e., direct current charging, where the charger is located in the external charging station. DC charging is often also referred to as fast charging, as the charging power is typically higher than that of AC charging.

[0028] The international plug standard IEC 62196 describes a novel plug-socket system, also known as a combo plug system. This system allows a single vehicle charging socket to be used to connect a plug that enables AC charging. This same charging socket can also be used to connect a plug that enables DC charging. A vehicle with this charging topology based on the combo plug system can charge at both AC and DC charging stations, requiring only one installed charging port.

[0029] The combo connector system consists of a charging socket and a charging plug. The charging socket is mounted on the vehicle. The charging plug, also known as a coupler, is permanently connected to the charging station via the charging cable during DC charging.

[0030] The draft standard IEC 62196 describes various plug-socket variants. These include, for example, a plug designated as Type 2 and a plug designated as Combo 2. Depending on the charging source, the vehicle can be charged with direct current (DC) using the Type 2 plug, which is designed for a charging current of up to 80 A. This charging variant is referred to as DC-low charging. With a Combo 2 plug, the vehicle can be charged with direct current (DC) using a plug designed for a charging current of up to 200 A. This charging variant is referred to as DC-high charging. For this purpose, the Combo 2 plug has two poles designed for high current carrying capacity, also known as DC-high poles. The other poles of the Combo 2 plug are referred to as core poles. Depending on the charging station, both plugs can also be used to charge the vehicle with alternating current (AC).

[0031] Regardless of the connector used on the vehicle (according to IEC 62196, for example, a Type 2 connector, a Type 1 combo connector, or a Type 2 combo connector), the vehicle has a charging architecture that includes an AC charger, a communication unit, and a DC contactor system for power switching. The AC charger is required exclusively for AC charging. The DC contactor system ensures that no dangerous voltage is present at the charging socket. It is a safety objective to ensure that no high voltage is present on parts that could be touched, such as exposed contacts of the charging socket.

[0032] According to current technology, a proliferation of various external charging options for vehicles is emerging, enabling charging via different charging methods. The disadvantage of this is that the vehicle must have a complex charging architecture capable of supporting as many charging methods as possible.

[0033] The charging architecture should specifically enable DC-low charging and DC-high charging and be compatible with the Type 2 connector and the Type 2 combo connector.

[0034] Therefore, an improved charging architecture is proposed, featuring a charging socket for a Type 2 combo connector. This enables DC-high charging. Since the charging socket for the Type 2 combo connector is compatible with the Type 2 connector, the proposed charging socket also allows for DC-low charging. Within the charging socket, the pins designated for DC-low charging are electrically connected to the corresponding pins for DC-high charging. Therefore, the charging socket has a detectable protective cover that conceals the DC-high pins. This ensures that, during DC-low charging, the DC-high pins remain unobstructed and inaccessible from the outside. Thus, separate contactors for the DC-low charging pins are unnecessary. When using the Combo Type 2 connector, the flap is open; when using the Type 2 connector, the flap is preferably closed.

[0035] A preferred embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Further details, preferred embodiments, and further developments of the invention will become apparent from these drawings. Reference numerals denote identical features.

[0036] In detail, schematically, Fig. 1 charging device with a maximum 7-pin charging plug suitable for DC-low charging (state of the art) Fig. 2 Charging devices with a maximum 9-pin charging plug suitable for DC high charging (state of the art) Fig. 3 Charging device with maximum 9-pin charging plug and protective flap, DC-low charging with protective flap closed Fig. 4. Charging device with maximum 9-pin charging plug and protective flap, DC high charging with protective flap open

[0037] Fig. Figure 1 shows a state-of-the-art charging device for a vehicle's energy storage system (1). A charging source (2a) is located outside the vehicle. Depending on its design and configuration, the charging source provides alternating current, which can be single-phase or three-phase, and / or direct current for charging the energy storage system. The charging source can be, for example, a public charging station or a wallbox installed in the vehicle user's home.

[0038] The vehicle has a charging socket or charging port (4a), which is usually integrated into the vehicle in the area of ​​the outer skin and may be accessible from the outside via a cover flap similar to a common fuel filler cap.

[0039] The vehicle also has a charging control unit (5a), a charger (6) which is in Fig. The device consists of a single-phase AC charger (1) and a contactor box with two contactors (7) for power switching and disconnection. Alternatively, a MOSFET circuit can be used for power switching and disconnection to electrically disconnect or connect the energy storage device to the charging device as needed. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that a contactor circuit is used.

[0040] The vehicle's charging socket has a Fig. 1. Seven electrical contacts are provided. The first electrical contact (11) is connected to the charging control unit via a pilot wire (pilot) and is referred to as the pilot contact. The second electrical contact (12) is connected to the charging control unit via a proximity wire (proxy) and is referred to as the proximity contact. The third electrical contact (13) is connected to the vehicle's ground via a protective earth (PE) wire and is referred to as the protective earth contact. The fourth electrical contact (14) is designed as a neutral contact and is connected to the charger via a neutral wire (N). The fifth electrical contact (15) is designed as a phase contact and is connected to the charger via a phase wire (L1). The sixth electrical contact (16) is designed as a phase contact and is connected to one of the two contactors in the contactor box via a phase wire (L2).The seventh electrical contact (17) is also designed as a phase contact and is connected via a phase line (L3) to the contactor of the two contactors of the contactor box, which is not connected to the phase line (L2).

[0041] A charging plug (3a) can be connected to the charging socket. The charging plug is connected to the charging source by a cable. The charging plug has a maximum of seven pins. It should be noted that, according to current technology, not every pin of the charging plug necessarily needs to be electrically connected. Therefore, for example, a charging plug with seven pins can be used, but only five of these pins can be connected, i.e., five electrically connected. The two unconnected pins can be made of a conductive or non-conductive material, or at best, have a purely symbolic representation.

[0042] Only a pin-matched connection can be established between the charging plug and the charging socket. This means that when a pin-matched connection is established, also known as a charging connection, each electrical pole of the plug is electrically connected to a predetermined electrical contact of the seven electrical contacts of the charging socket.

[0043] Common charging plugs have at least three electrical poles, which are connected to the pilot contact, the proximity contact and the protective contact during a charging connection.

[0044] The charging control unit uses the proximity contact to identify the charging connection and the charging plug, and, for example, to activate the vehicle's immobilizer.

[0045] In a charging connection, the pilot line enables communication between the charging control unit and the charging source, and the control or regulation of a charging process.

[0046] For example, with a charging connection where a single-phase AC voltage is applied between the fourth and fifth contacts, the energy storage device can be charged via the charger. This type of charging is called AC charging. In this case, the contactors of the contactor box are open.

[0047] If the charging source provides DC voltage via phase contact (L2) and phase contact (L3), the energy storage device can be charged with DC current. The contactors are closed by the charging control unit.

[0048] The in Fig. The described plug-socket connection of the charging device complies with plug type 2 of the international draft standard IEC 62196 for the wired charging of electric vehicles. Accordingly, DC charging is possible up to a current of 80 A and a voltage of 300 V - 480 V. This type of DC charging is referred to in this document as DC low charging.

[0049] Fig. Figure 2 shows a state-of-the-art charging device for a vehicle's energy storage system (1). A charging source (2b) is located outside the vehicle. Depending on its design and configuration, the charging source provides alternating current (AC), which can be single-phase or three-phase, and / or direct current (DC) for charging the energy storage system. The charging source can be, for example, a public charging station or a wallbox installed at the vehicle user's home.

[0050] The vehicle has a charging socket or charging port (4b), which is usually integrated into the vehicle in the area of ​​the outer skin and may be accessible from the outside via a cover flap similar to a common fuel filler cap.

[0051] The vehicle also has a charging control unit (5b), a charger (6) which is in Fig. 1 is designed as a single-phase AC charger, and a contactor box with two contactors (7).

[0052] The vehicle's charging socket has a Fig. The device has nine contacts, two of which are electrically unused, meaning no electrical effect can be achieved with them. The first electrical contact (11) is connected to the charging control unit via a pilot wire (pilot) and is referred to as the pilot contact. The second electrical contact (12) is connected to the charging control unit via a proximity wire (proxy) and is referred to as the proximity contact. The third electrical contact (13) is connected to the vehicle's ground via a protective earth (PE) wire and is referred to as the protective earth contact. The fourth electrical contact (14) is a neutral contact and is connected to the charger via a neutral wire (N). The fifth electrical contact (15) is a phase contact and is connected to the charger via a phase wire (L1). The sixth contact (16') and the seventh contact (17') are unused.The eighth electrical contact (18) is connected via a DC line (DC+) to one of the two contactors in the contactor box and is referred to as the positive DC contact. The ninth electrical contact (19) is connected via a DC line (DC-) to the contactor of the two contactors in the contactor box that is not connected to the DC line (DC+). The ninth contact is referred to as the negative DC contact.

[0053] A charging plug (3b) can be connected to the charging socket. The charging plug is connected to the charging source by a cable. The charging plug has a maximum of nine pins. It should be noted that, according to current technology, not every pin of the charging plug necessarily needs to be electrically connected. Therefore, for example, a charging plug with nine pins can be used, but only five of these pins can be connected, i.e., five electrically effective pins. The four unconnected pins can be made of a conductive or non-conductive material, or at best, have only a nominal connection.

[0054] As in Fig. 1 is also in Fig. 2. Only a pin-matched connection between the charging plug and the charging socket is possible. This means that during a charging connection, each electrical pole of the plug is electrically connected to a predetermined contact of the nine contacts of the charging socket.

[0055] Common charging plugs have at least three electrical poles, which are connected to the pilot contact, the proximity contact and the protective contact during a charging connection.

[0056] The function of pilot contact and proximity contact behaves as in Fig. 1.

[0057] For example, in Fig. 2. In the case of a charging connection with a single-phase alternating voltage applied between the fourth and fifth contacts, the energy storage device can be charged via the charger with the contactors open.

[0058] If the charging source provides direct current via the positive DC contact and the negative DC contact, the energy storage device can be charged with direct current when the contactors are closed.

[0059] The in Fig. The described plug-socket connection of the charging device complies with the Combo-2 connector of the international draft standard IEC 62196 for the wired charging of electric vehicles. Accordingly, DC charging is possible up to a current of 200 A and a voltage of 600 V - 850 V. This type of DC charging is referred to in this document as DC-high charging and enables faster charging of the energy storage device compared to DC-low charging.

[0060] Figures 3 and 4 show an embodiment of the invention. A charging device for an energy storage device (1) of a vehicle is described.

[0061] A charging source (2a or 2b) is located outside the vehicle. Depending on its design and configuration, the charging source provides alternating current (AC), which can be single-phase or three-phase, and / or direct current (DC) for charging the energy storage system. The charging source can be, for example, a public charging station or a wallbox installed at the vehicle user's home.

[0062] The vehicle has a charging socket or charging port (4c), which is usually integrated into the vehicle in the area of ​​the outer skin and may be accessible from the outside via a cover flap similar to a common fuel filler cap.

[0063] The vehicle also has a charging control unit (5c), a charger (6), which is shown in Figs. 3 and 4 as a 1-phase or 3-phase AC charger, and a contactor box with two contactors (7).

[0064] The vehicle's charging socket has nine electrically connected contacts, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The first electrical contact (11) is connected to the charging control unit via a pilot wire and is referred to as the pilot contact. The second electrical contact (12) is connected to the charging control unit via a proximity wire and is referred to as the proximity contact. The third electrical contact (13) is connected to the vehicle's ground via a protective earth (PE) wire and is referred to as the protective earth contact. The fourth electrical contact (14) is a neutral contact and is connected to the charger via a neutral wire (N). The fifth electrical contact (15) is a phase contact and is connected to the charger via a phase wire (L1).The eighth electrical contact (18) is connected via a DC line (DC+) to one of the two contactors in the contactor box and is referred to as the positive DC contact. The ninth electrical contact (19) is connected via a DC line (DC-) to the contactor of the two contactors in the contactor box that is not connected to the DC line (DC+). The ninth contact is referred to as the negative DC contact.

[0065] The sixth contact (16"), designated as the Phase 2 contact, is short-circuited via an electrical conductor (L2") to the negative DC contact (19). The seventh contact (17"), designated as the Phase 3 contact, is short-circuited via an electrical conductor (L3") to the positive DC contact (18) and the DC line (DC+). The short circuit between the Phase 2 contact and the negative DC contact, and the short circuit between the Phase 3 contact and the positive DC contact, is preferably implemented within the charging socket by connecting to a busbar or by crimping the corresponding conductors, i.e., conductor (L3") to the DC line (DC+) and conductor (L2") to the DC line (DC-).

[0066] The charging port in the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 has a protective flap through which a closed state (20b in Fig. 3) or an open state (20a in Fig. 4) is retractable. The flap's state can be determined by a flap sensor (21), and information about the flap's state can be transmitted to the charging control unit. Detecting the flap's state can be based on detecting a magnetic field of the flap or part of the flap using a Hall sensor. Furthermore, the flap's state can be mechanically adjustable by the charging control unit.

[0067] In Fig. A charging plug (3a) can be connected to the charging socket. The charging plug is connected to the charging source (2a) by a cable. The charging plug has a maximum of seven pins. It should be noted that not every pin of the charging plug necessarily has to be electrically connected. Therefore, for example, a charging plug with seven pins can be used, but only five pins can be connected, i.e., five electrically effective pins. The unconnected pins can be made of a conductive or non-conductive material, or at best, have a purely symbolic representation.

[0068] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, only a plug-socket connection with identical pin assignments is possible between the charging plug and the charging socket. This means that in Fig. 3, that in a charging connection each electrical pole of the plug is electrically connected to a predetermined contact of the first seven contacts of the charging socket.

[0069] In Fig. 3. Without restriction to the general public, a Type 2 connector of the international draft standard IEC 62196 is used for the wired charging of electric vehicles.

[0070] Is in Fig. 3. If, for example, a single-phase alternating voltage is applied via the charging source in a charging connection between the fourth contact (14) and the fifth contact (15), the energy storage device can be charged via the charger with the contactors open.

[0071] If the charging source provides direct current for DC-low charging via the Phase 2 and Phase 3 contacts, the energy storage device can be charged with the contactors closed, provided that the protective flap is closed by the charging control unit and the flap sensor transmits information about the closed state of the protective flap to the charging control unit. Only then can the contactors be closed by the charging control unit for charging.

[0072] The closed protective flap for DC-low charging ensures that the negative and positive DC contacts are not freely accessible to the outside of the vehicle during DC-low charging. This is essential for the personal safety of the user of the vehicle's charging device.

[0073] Since the DC lines (DC+ and DC-) are designed for DC-high charging, DC-low charging is possible according to the design.

[0074] In Fig. 4. A charging plug (3b) can be connected to the charging socket with the protective cover open. The charging plug is connected to the charging source (2b) by a cable. The charging plug has a maximum of nine pins. It should be noted that not every pin of the charging plug necessarily has to be electrically connected. Therefore, for example, a charging plug can be used that has nine pins but five connected pins, i.e., five electrically effective pins. The unconnected pins can be made of a conductive or non-conductive material or, at best, have only a nominal connection.

[0075] As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, only a plug-to-socket connection with identical pin assignments is possible between the charging plug and the charging socket. This means that in Fig. 4, that in a charging connection each electrical pole of the plug is electrically connected to a predetermined contact of the nine contacts of the charging socket.

[0076] In Fig. 4. Without restriction to the general public, a Combo-2 connector of the international draft standard IEC 62196 is used for the wired charging of electric vehicles.

[0077] Is in Fig. 4 If, for example, a single-phase alternating voltage is present via the charging source in a charging connection between the fourth contact (14) and the fifth contact (15), the energy storage device can be charged via the charger with the contactors open.

[0078] If the charging source provides DC-high charging via the positive DC contact and the negative DC contact, the energy storage device can be charged with the contactors closed.

[0079] The advantage of a charging device with a charging socket according to Fig. 3 or Fig. Figure 4 results from the fact that, regardless of whether a Type 2 or a Type 2 combo connector is available at a charging source, and regardless of the charging mode (AC charging, DC low charging, or DC high charging) provided by the charging source, the vehicle's energy storage system can not only be charged, but the charging mode provided by the charging station that enables the shortest charging time can also be selected by the charging control unit. This provides the user with a high degree of flexibility and a wide range of charging options at numerous charging sources. The technical solution shown in Figures 3 and 4 is cost-effective and space-saving. The charging device is easy for the user to operate and also ensures a high level of physical protection against contact with high-voltage components.

[0080] Based on the statements in Fig. 3 and Fig.4. Two further options are available, each consisting of connecting the Phase 2 line (L2'') and the Phase 3 line (L3'') via a branch to an AC charger designed as a 3-phase AC charger. This charger then has, in addition to the inputs for the neutral line (N) and the Phase 1 line (L1), an input for the branch of the Phase 2 and Phase 3 lines. If the charging source is 3-phase AC, with the charging connection established via the neutral line (N), the Phase 1 line (L1), the branched Phase 2 line, and the branched Phase 3 line, the energy storage device can be charged with 3-phase AC when the contactors are open. If the charging connection for this 3-phase AC charging is made using the Combo connector Type 2, the protective cover is open.If the charging connection for this 3-phase AC charging is made using the Type 2 plug, the protective flap is closed.

[0081] The charging devices described are also suitable for transferring electrical energy into the vehicle to supply power to the vehicle's electrical consumers when the vehicle is stationary and a charging connection is established. These consumers can be electrically connected, for example, via the terminals of the energy storage device and possibly intermediate DC-DC converters. This is particularly advantageous in the case of a defective energy storage device or one with limited charge capacity (e.g., when fully charged).

Claims

[1] Charging device for a vehicle with an energy storage device (1), wherein the charging device comprises a charging source (2a), a charging plug (3a), a charging socket (4c), a charging control unit (5), an AC charger (6) and a power switching device (7), and the charging socket comprises nine electrically connectable contacts, wherein the first contact (11) is connected to the charging control unit as a pilot contact via a pilot line (pilot), the second contact (12) is connected to the charging control unit as a proximity contact via a proxy line (proxy), the third contact (13) is connected to vehicle ground as a protective earth contact via a protective earth line (PE), the fourth contact (14) is connected to the AC charger as a neutral contact via a neutral line (N), and the fifth contact (15) is connected to the AC charger as a phase-1 contact via a phase-1 line (L1), characterized by , that - the eighth contact (18) can be connected to the energy storage device as a positive DC contact via a DC-plus line (DC+) and via the power isolating device, - the ninth contact (19) can be connected to the energy storage device as a negative DC contact via a DC-minus line (DC-) and via the power isolating device, - the sixth contact (16) is connected to the DC negative line as a phase 2 contact via a phase 2 line (L2''), and - the seventh contact (17) is connected as a phase 3 contact via a phase 3 line (L3'') to the DC-plus line. [2] Charging device according to claim 1, characterized by , that - the charging port has a protective flap, - the protective flap can be set to an open state (20a), - a closed state (20b) can be achieved through the protective flap, and that - when closed, the DC-plus contact and the DC-minus contact are covered. [3] Charging device according to claim 2, characterized by , that - the charging socket has a flap sensor (21), - the condition of the protective flap can be detected by the flap sensor, - the charging device includes a data connection between the flap sensor and the charging control unit, and that - the detected state of the protective flap can be transmitted via the data connection from the flap sensor to the charging control unit. [4] Charging device according to claim 3, characterized by , that - a first charging plug in the form of a plug-socket connection can be plugged into the charging socket with the protective flap open or with the protective flap closed, - the first charging plug is designed with at least 3 pins and at most 7 pins, - at least three core poles of the first charging plug are electrically occupied, - when the plug-socket connection is made with the first charging plug, the first three contacts are connected in the same way as the core poles of the first charging plug, - in the case of the plug-socket connection made with the first charging plug, at most seven poles are connected in the same way as the first seven contacts of the socket, and that - the protective flap can be closed or is closed when the plug-socket connection is made with the first charging plug. [5] Charging device according to claim 4, characterized by , that with the first charging plug, the plug-socket connection is made and - when the fourth and fifth contacts are electrically connected to alternating current by the charging source, the battery can be charged via the AC charger. [6] Charging device according to claim 4, characterized by , that with the first charging plug, the plug-socket connection is made and - when the sixth and seventh contacts are electrically connected to DC voltage by the charging source, the battery can be charged with a power connection established through the power switching device and with the protective flap closed. [7] Charging device according to claim 3, characterized by , that - a second charging plug in the form of a plug-socket connection can be plugged into the charging socket when the protective flap is open, - the second charging plug has at least three pins and at most nine pins, - at least three core poles of the second charging plug are electrically occupied, - when the plug-socket connection is made with the second charging plug, the first three contacts are connected in the same way as the core poles of the second charging plug, - in the case of a plug-socket connection made with the second charging plug, at most nine poles are connected in the same way as the nine contacts of the socket. [8] Charging device according to claim 7 characterized by , that when the plug-socket connection is made with the second charging plug and - when the eighth and ninth contacts are electrically connected to DC voltage by the charging source, the battery can be charged by the power switching device when a power connection is established. [9] Charging device according to claim 7, characterized by , that when the plug-socket connection is made with the second charging plug and - when the fourth and fifth contacts are electrically connected to alternating current by the charging source, the battery can be charged via the AC charger.

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