Pedal device for the protection of a driver

Abstract

A pedal device for protecting a driver, comprising: a rear lever (30) coupled to the upper rear part of a pedal part (10) by means of a lever joint shaft (20); and a pedal arm (50) having an upper end rotatably coupled to a pedal joint shaft (40) in front of the lever joint shaft (20) and separated from the pedal part (10) by means of a torque applied by the rear lever (30) when the pedal part (10) is pushed rearward and the rear lever (30) rotates into contact with a fixed part of the vehicle body in the event of a collision or a rearward collision, where the rear lever has: a first lever connecting part (31) through which the lever joint shaft (20) extends; and a lever projection (34) which projects upwardly above the first lever connecting part (31) and comes into contact with a cover connecting part when the pedal part (10) is pushed backwards, characterized in that a bearing bush (51) is arranged integrally at the upper end of the pedal arm (50); the pedal joint shaft (40) is arranged through the pedal part (10) and the bearing bush (51); the bearing bush (51) is rotatable with respect to the pedal joint shaft (40); and the rear lever further comprises an upper fork arm (32) and a lower fork arm (33) which project integrally forward at the upper and lower portions of the first lever connecting part (31) to form a U-shape with the first lever connecting part (31) and which surround the upper and lower portions of the bearing bush (51), wherein the first lever connecting part (31), the upper fork arm (32) and the lower fork arm (33) are each formed as opposing pairs on the left side and the right side, wherein the pair of lower fork arms (33) are connected by a lever pin (36), and a pedal arm projection (52) which comes into contact with the lever pin (36) when the rear lever pivots into contact with the cover fixing part (5) projects integrally from the pedal arm (50).

Description

Background of the inventionField of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a pedal device for protecting a driver in a vehicle, e.g., a motor vehicle such as an automobile, and more particularly, to a pedal device for protecting a driver in a vehicle that can maximally or largely prevent injury to the driver's leg (hitting the shin, bending or twisting the ankle, and the like) due to the pedal device in a collision or in a rear collision. Description of the state of the art

[0002] In ordinary vehicles, an accelerator pedal (short: gas pedal), a brake pedal and a clutch pedal, which are operated by the driver, are mounted on the dashboard under the driver's seat.

[0003] When the engine compartment is dented by excessive impact energy generated during a collision or rear collision, the driver's legs will be injured by the pedals.

[0004] That is, an instrument panel 1 and a pedal part 2 are pushed backward by the impact energy, a pedal arm 3 is correspondingly pushed backward as indicated by the arrow M1, and a lower end of the pedal pivots upward about the pedal pivot axis 4 as indicated by the arrow R1.

[0005] In this case, if the rider does not press down the pedal with one foot, the end of the pivoting pedal will hit the rider's shin and injure the rider's leg, or if the rider presses down the pedal with one foot, the rider's ankle will be thrown backward and twisted by the pivoting pedal, injuring the rider.

[0006] Therefore, to solve the problem, a pedal device having a safety mechanism has been proposed which can reduce or minimize injury to a rider's leg by the pedal by separating a pedal part 2 from a cowl attachment part 5 such that a pedal arm 3 moves downward, and by forcing the pedal arm 3 to swing forward as indicated by the arrow R2 such that the pedal arm 3 is moved as far as possible away from a rider's leg when the pedal part 2 is pushed backward in the event of a collision.

[0007] However, the pedal device described above has a defect that the cost and weight increase remarkably because too many components are provided in the safety mechanism, and in particular, the pedal arm 3 may be forced to swing when the pedal part 2 and the cowl attachment part 5 are not separated, so that a rider's leg may be more seriously injured because the pedal arm 3 swings further, and it is necessary to satisfy a condition that the cowl panel 6 should be pushed further rearward than the cowl panel 1 even if the pedal part 2 is pushed rearward.

[0008] From DE 103 54 668 A1 and US 2008 / 0 006 119 A1, a pedal device for protecting a driver according to the preamble of claim 1 is known. Further pedal devices for protecting a driver are known from WO 03 / 045 750 A1 and US 7 665 565 B2.

[0009] The information disclosed in this "Background of the Invention" section is provided only to enhance the understanding of the general background of the invention and is not intended as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information constitutes prior art already known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0010] The object of the invention is to solve the problems described above which are associated with the prior art.More particularly, an object of the present invention is to propose a pedal device for protecting a rider which can reduce or avoid injury to the rider's leg (blow to the shin or twisting of the ankle) due to the pedal device by guiding the pedal arm to swing forward under contact with a fairing attachment part when a pedal part is pushed rearward in the event of a collision or a rearward collision, and more particularly, to reduce the weight and cost by minimizing or reducing the number of components that guide the forward swing of the pedal arm, to more improve the guidance of the forward swing of the pedal arm by forcing the pedal arm to swing forward even when the pedal part is not separated from a fairing panel or a fairing attachment part, and to improve the function of protecting the rider.

[0011] These objects are achieved by a pedal device for protecting a driver according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0012] According to the present invention, a pedal device for protecting a driver comprises: a rear lever or reversing lever (short: rear lever) rotatably coupled to the upper rear part of a pedal arm through a lever pivot shaft; a pedal arm having an upper end rotatably coupled to the pedal pivot shaft in front of the pedal pivot shaft, and separated from the pedal part by a torque of a rear lever or by means of a torque applied or transmitted from the rear lever when the pedal part is pushed rearward and the rear lever rotates in contact with a fixed part of the vehicle body in the event of a collision or a rear collision.

[0013] The pedal part may include: a dashboard connecting part fixed to the dashboard and through which the pedal pivot shaft extends; a cover panel connecting part connected to the upper end of the dashboard connecting part and connected to a cover panel; and a second lever connecting part combined with the cover panel connecting part and having a rear projection through which the lever pivot shaft extends.

[0014] A bearing bush or a bearing bush tube (short: a bearing bush) is arranged integrally at the upper end of the pedal arm, the pedal joint shaft extends through the bearing bush, and the bearing bush is rotatable with respect to the pedal joint shaft, or vice versa.

[0015] In a variant of the invention, the rear lever comprises: a first lever connecting part through which the lever joint shaft extends; an upper fork arm and a lower fork arm integrally projecting forward at the upper end and lower portions of the first lever connecting part to form a U-shape with the lever connecting part and surround the upper and lower portions of the bearing bush; and a lever projection projecting upward above the first lever connecting part and coming into contact with the cover connecting part when the pedal part is pushed rearward.

[0016] The first lever connecting part, the upper fork arm, and the lower fork arm are each formed as a pair opposite each other on the left and right sides. The pair of first lever connecting parts may be connected by a connecting portion, and the lever projection may be positioned at the connecting portion.

[0017] The pair of lower forks or the lower fork arms is or are connected by a lever pin, and a pedal arm projection, which comes into contact with the lever pin when the rear lever pivots into contact with the cover fixing part, projects integrally from the pedal arm.

[0018] Since the pedal arm can pivot around the pedal joint shaft, the pedal arm projection does not come into contact with the lever pin in normal, accident-free conditions.

[0019] It will be understood that the term "vehicle" or "vehicle" or other similar terms as used herein can include, for example, motor-powered vehicles in general, such as passenger automobiles including SUVs (derived from the English "Sports Utility Vehicle"), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including a variety of boats and ships, aircraft and the like, and plug-in hybrid vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles and other alternative energy vehicles (e.g., fuels charged by resources other than oil). As referred to herein, a hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that has two or more power sources, e.g., both gasoline and electric-powered vehicles.

[0020] The devices of the present invention have further features and advantages which will become apparent and are set forth in more detail in the accompanying drawings incorporated herein and in the following description, which together serve to explain certain principles of the present invention. Short description of the characters Fig. 1 is a side view of a pedal device according to the prior art. Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing an exemplary pedal device for protecting a driver according to the present invention, which is formed with a rear lever. Fig. 3 is a view showing the assembly of the parts of the pedal device shown in Fig. 2 is shown. Fig. 4 is a view showing a combination of a rear lever and a pedal arm of the pedal device shown in Fig. 2 is shown. Fig. Fig. 5 is a view showing a shaft hole or a hole for receiving a shaft provided on a pedal part of the pedal device shown in Fig. 2 is formed. The Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are views illustrating the operation of the Fig. 2 in the event of a collision. The Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are views showing an exemplary pedal device for protecting a driver provided with a rear lever according to the present invention, wherein in Fig. 8 shows a view when the device is installed. The Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show views illustrating operation in the event of a collision.

[0021] It should be understood that the accompanying figures are not necessarily limited to scale and, in a somewhat simplified representation, depict various features illustrating basic principles of the present invention. The specific design features of the present invention as disclosed herein, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes, will be determined in part by the particular intended application and usage environment.

[0022] In the figures, reference numerals refer to the same or equivalent parts of the present invention throughout the different figures. Detailed description

[0023] Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are shown and described in the accompanying figures. While the invention will be described in connection with exemplary embodiments, it will be understood that the present description is not intended to limit the invention to those exemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover not only the exemplary embodiments, but also various alternatives, modifications, and other embodiments included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

[0024] A pedal device for protecting a driver according to the present invention as shown in the Fig. 2 and Fig. 10 includes a rear lever rotatably coupled to an upper rear portion of a pedal member 10 via a lever pivot shaft 20, and a pedal arm 50 having an upper end rotatably coupled to the pedal pivot shaft 40 in front of the lever pivot shaft 20 and separated from the pedal member 10 by a torque of a rear lever 30 when the pedal member 10 is pushed rearward and the rear lever 30 is pushed into contact with the attached part (cover attachment part or cover cross member, for example) of a motor vehicle body in the event of a collision or rearward collision.

[0025] That is, the pedal part 10 includes a dashboard connecting part 11 fixed to the dashboard 1, and the pedal joint shaft 40 extends through a cover panel connecting part 12 connected to the upper end of the dashboard connecting part and combined with the cover panel 6, and a lever connecting part 13 combined with the cover panel connecting part 10 and having a rear projection through which the lever joint shaft 20 extends.

[0026] The lever connecting part 13 is U-shaped, with both ends, particularly both free ends of the U-shape, integrally connected to the cover panel connecting part 12, and the central portion protruding rearward. The rear lever 30 is arranged within the lever connecting part to allow the lever joint shaft 20 to rotate toward the front of the vehicle. It will be appreciated that the lever connecting part and the cover panel connecting part can be formed monolithically.

[0027] The lever joint shaft 20 is threaded or screwed into a nut 21 via the lever connecting part 13 and the pedal joint shaft 40 is threaded or screwed into a nut 41 via the dashboard connecting part 11.

[0028] A bearing bushing 51 is integrally disposed at the upper end of the pedal arm 50, and the pedal joint shaft 40 is inserted through the instrument panel connecting member 11 and the bearing bushing 51, so that the pedal arm 50 and the bearing bushing 51 are arranged to be rotatable about the pedal joint shaft 40. It will be appreciated that the bearing bushing and the pedal arm may be monolithically formed.

[0029] Meanwhile, the rear lever 30 can have different shapes. For example, the one shown in the Fig. 2 to 7, a lever linkage 31 through which the lever pivot shaft 20 extends; an upper fork 32 and a lower fork 33 integrally formed to protrude from the lower and upper portions of the lever linkage 31, form a U-shape in conjunction with the lever linkage 31, and surround the upper and lower portions of the bearing bush 51; and a lever projection 34 projecting upward above the lever linkage 31 and coming into contact with the cover attachment portion 5 when the pedal member 10 is pushed rearward. It will be appreciated that the upper and lower forks may be formed monolithically with the lever linkage.

[0030] The lever linkage 31, the upper fork 32, and the lower fork 33 may be provided in pairs at opposite ends on the right and left sides to improve rigidity and enable more precise operation by connecting the pair of lever linkages 31 through a connecting portion 35, and the lever projection 34 is provided on the connecting portion 35.

[0031] Furthermore, the pair of lower forks or lower fork arms 33 are connected by a lever pin 36, and when the rear lever 30 engages the lever pin 36, a pedal arm protrusion protrudes integrally from the pedal arm 50. Therefore, when the rear lever 30 pivots into contact with the cover attachment part 5, the pedal arm protrusion 52 comes into contact with the lever pin 36, so that the pedal arm 50 pivots forward. It will be appreciated that the protrusion may be formed monolithically with the pedal arm.

[0032] In the normal state without an accident, the pedal arm projection 52 cannot come into contact with the lever pin 36 because the pedal arm 50 pivots around the pedal joint shaft 40.

[0033] The design of the rear lever 30, which is Fig. 8 to 10, comprises a lever connecting part 37 through which the lever joint shaft 20 extends, an upper projection 38 integrally formed to project upward from the lever connecting part 37 and which comes into contact with the cover fixing part when the pedal part 10 is pushed rearward, and a lower projection 39 integrally formed to project downward from the lever connecting part 37 and which comes into contact with the bearing bush 51 and pushes the bearing bush 51 rearward when the rear lever 30 pivots about the lever joint shaft, the upper projection 38 being in contact with the cover fixing part 5. It will be appreciated that the upper projection may be formed monolithically with the lever connecting part.

[0034] Furthermore, a shaft opening, e.g., a shaft recess or shaft hole 14, through which the pedal joint shaft 40 extends, is formed on the pedal part 10 and can, as shown in the Fig. 2 to 7, be connected to the outer edge of the pedal part 10 by a connecting passage 15, or, as shown in the Fig. 8 to 10, a recess (e.g., notch) 16 cut through the pedal joint shaft 40 when the rear lever 30 applies a force to the pedal joint shaft 40 during pivoting may be provided in the shaft opening to oppose the outer edge of the pedal part 10.

[0035] When the shaft hole 14 is opened to be connected to the outer edge of the pedal part 10 through the connecting passage 15, a retaining projection 17 that prevents the pedal joint shaft 40 from coming out of the shaft hole 14 under its own weight may be integrally protruded from the joint between the shaft hole 14 and the connecting passage 15.

[0036] Alternatively, when the recess, such as notch 16, is formed in the shaft opening 14, the gap L1 from the end of the recess, e.g. notch), 16 to the outer edge of the pedal part 10 in the direction of the radius R1 of the shaft opening 14 may be smaller than the diameter of the shaft opening 14.

[0037] That is, when the recess (e.g., notch) 16 is formed in the shaft hole 14, the pedal joint shaft 40 is superimposed to be separated from the pedal part 16, supporting the notch, when the rear lever 30 applies a force to the pedal joint shaft during pivoting.

[0038] Therefore, when the gap L1 from the end of the notch 16 to the outer edge of the pedal part 10 is larger than the diameter of the shaft opening 14, the rigidity of the pedal part 10 increases, so that the pedal joint shaft 40 is difficult to separate from the pedal part 10 during the tearing or separation of the notch or notch 16 (short: notch 16); therefore, the gap L1 from the end of the notch 16 to the outer edge of the pedal part 10 may be greater than zero and smaller than the diameter of the shaft opening 14.

[0039] On the other hand, the rear lever 30 may have the upper and lower forks 32 and 33, as in Fig. 1 to 7, when the shaft hole 14 is opened to be connected to the outer edge of the pedal part 10 through the connecting passage 15, and when the shaft hole 14 is not opened but simply has the recess 16 on the inner peripheral surface, the rear lever may simply have the upper and lower projections 38 and 39 as shown in the Fig. 8 to 10 is shown.

[0040] In the following, the operation of the pedal device of various embodiments of the present invention will be described, and the Fig. The device shown in Figures 2 to 7 will be described first.

[0041] In a normal state without collision or rearward collision, the pedal arm 50 pivots forward about the pedal joint shaft 40 when the driver presses the pedal down, as shown in Fig. 3 by the arrow R11, in which the pedal arm projection 52 pivoting with the pedal arm 50 does not come into contact with the lever pin 36, so that the pedal arm 50 operates in the normal state without accident.

[0042] Further, the lower fork 33 of the rear lever 30 further supports the lower end of the bearing bush 51 in the normal state without an accident, so that the pedal joint shaft 40 does not come out of the shaft hole 14.

[0043] If a collision or a rearward collision occurs and the pedal part 14 is pushed backwards (in particular inwards or further into the passenger compartment) while the instrument panel 1 and the cover panel 6 buckle or collapse (in short: collapse) due to the impact energy from the collision, the pedal arm 50 is pushed backwards accordingly, as indicated by the arrow M11 in Fig. 3 is displayed.

[0044] When the lever projection 34 of the rear lever 30 comes into contact with the cover fixing part 5 while the pedal arm 50 is pushed in the rearward direction as shown in Fig. 6, the rear lever 30 starts to pivot counterclockwise around the lever joint shaft 20 as indicated by the arrow R12 in Fig. 7, and the upper fork 32 of the rear lever 30 pushes the bearing bush 51, so that the pedal joint shaft 40 comes out of the shaft hole, such as the one-side open shaft hole, 14, and as a result, the pedal arm 50 is separated from the pedal part 10.

[0045] When the rear lever 30 pivots further counterclockwise as indicated by the arrow R12, the lever pin 36 further comes into contact with the pedal arm projection 52, and when the pedal arm 50 is separated from the pedal part 10 in this situation, the pedal arm 50 pivots forward as indicated by the arrow R13 in Fig. 7, namely by the pressing force of the lever pin 36.

[0046] Therefore, the pedal device according to the present invention has the structure where the pedal arm 50 swings forward away from the pedal part 10 by the operation of the rear lever 30 when a collision or a rearward collision occurs, so that it is possible to maximally or largely prevent injury to the rider's leg due to the pedal arm 50.

[0047] That is, if the pedal arm 50 is forcibly pivoted forward when an accident occurs, it is possible to prevent an injury such as the rider's shin being hit or hit hard, or the rider's ankle being pushed backward and twisted by the pedal.

[0048] Since the pedal arm 50 in a pedal device according to the present invention is simply forced to pivot forward by the rear lever 30 in the event of an accident, it is possible to significantly reduce the weight and cost by reducing the number of components.

[0049] Since the pedal arm 50 can be forced to swing forward as long as the rear lever 30 comes into contact with the cover fixing part 5 while the pedal part 10 is simply pushed rearward without being separated from the cover panel 6 or the cover fixing part 5 in the event of an accident, it is possible to further improve the forward swing of the pedal arm 50 and therefore further improve the function of protecting a driver in the event of an accident.

[0050] The Fig. The device shown in Figures 8 to 10 will be described next.

[0051] The pedal joint shaft 14 is rotatably supported by the shaft hole 40 with the notch 16 in a normal state without collision and rearward collision.

[0052] When a collision or a rearward collision occurs and the pedal part 10 is pushed backward, towards the interior of the passenger compartment, for example, while the instrument panel 1 and cover panel 6 break or buckle due to the impact energy due to the collision, the pedal arm 50 is pushed further backward accordingly, as shown by the arrow M12 in Fig. 8 is displayed.

[0053] When the upper projection 38 of the rear lever 30 comes into contact with the cover fixing part 5 while the pedal arm 50 is pushed rearward as described above, the rear lever 30 starts to pivot counterclockwise around the lever pivot shaft 20 as indicated by the arrow R14 shown in Fig. 8, and the lower projection 39 of the rear lever 30 presses the bearing bush 51 so that the pedal joint shaft 40 comes away from the pedal member 10, while the recess (e.g. notch) 16 is torn, as shown in Fig. 10, and as a result, the pedal arm 50 is separated from the pedal part 10.

[0054] Since the rear lever 30 continues to pivot counterclockwise even though the pedal arm 50 is separated from the pedal part 10, the lower projection 39 of the rear lever 30 continues to press into the inner end of the pedal arm 50, so that the lower end of the pedal arm 50 finally pivots forward in the reverse direction.

[0055] Therefore, it is possible to prevent the pedal arm 50 from being pushed backward in various embodiments of the present invention, so that it is possible to highly or maximally prevent an injury to the rider due to the pedal arm 50 such that the rider's shin is hit or an ankle of the rider is thrown backward and twisted by the pedal.

[0056] Meanwhile, it should be noted that the pedal device can be applied to any pedal mounted in a vehicle, such as a brake pedal or a clutch pedal.

[0057] According to the pedal device for protecting a rider according to the present invention, it is possible to greatly reduce the weight and cost because the pedal arm is prevented from swinging toward the rider and is forced to swing forward away from the rider in the event of a collision or a rear collision, so that it is possible to largely or maximally prevent injury to a rider's leg due to the pedal arm. And since the design for forcibly swinging the pedal arm forward is simplified, it is possible to greatly reduce the weight and cost. Furthermore, since the pedal arm can be forced to swing forward even when the pedal arm is not separated from the cover panel or the cover attachment part, it is possible to further improve the guidance of the forward swing of the pedal arm and further improve the result of protecting the rider.

[0058] For the purposes of explanation and precise definition in the appended claims, the terms "upper" or "lower," "front" or "rear," etc., have been used to describe features of the exemplary embodiment with reference to the positions of such features as shown in the figures.

[0059] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the surrounding teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and their practical application, and thereby to enable others skilled in the art to make and use various embodiments of the invention, as well as various alternatives and modifications thereof. It is intended that the scope of the invention be determined by the appended claims. Reference symbol 1 dashboard 5 Cover fastening part 6 cover panel 10 Pedal part 11 Dashboard connecting part 12 Cover panel connecting part 13 Lever connecting part 14 Shaft opening 15 Connecting passage 16 recess 17 Retaining projection 20 Lever joint shaft 21 Mother 30 rear lever 31 Lever connecting part 32 upper fork 33 lower fork 34 Lever projection 35 Connection area 36 lever pins; 37 Lever connecting part 38 upper projection 39 lower projection 40 Pedal joint shaft 41 mother 50 pedal arm 51 bearing bush 52 Pedal arm projection L1 gap M12 Arrow R1 radius R12 Arrow R13 Arrow

Claims

[1] A pedal device for protecting a driver, comprising: a rear lever (30) coupled to the upper rear part of a pedal part (10) by means of a lever joint shaft (20); and a pedal arm (50) having an upper end rotatably coupled to a pedal joint shaft (40) in front of the lever joint shaft (20) and separated from the pedal part (10) by means of a torque applied by the rear lever (30) when the pedal part (10) is pushed rearward and the rear lever (30) rotates into contact with a fixed part of the vehicle body in the event of a collision or a rearward collision, where the rear lever has: a first lever connecting part (31) through which the lever joint shaft (20) extends; and a lever projection (34) which projects upwardly above the first lever connecting part (31) and comes into contact with a cover connecting part when the pedal part (10) is pushed backwards, characterized by , that a bearing bush (51) is arranged integrally at the upper end of the pedal arm (50); the pedal joint shaft (40) is arranged through the pedal part (10) and the bearing bush (51); the bearing bush (51) is rotatable with respect to the pedal joint shaft (40); and the rear lever further comprises an upper fork arm (32) and a lower fork arm (33) which project integrally forward at the upper and lower portions of the first lever connecting part (31) to form a U-shape with the first lever connecting part (31) and which surround the upper and lower portions of the bearing bush (51), wherein the first lever connecting part (31), the upper fork arm (32) and the lower fork arm (33) are each formed as opposing pairs on the left side and the right side, wherein the pair of lower fork arms (33) are connected by a lever pin (36), and a pedal arm projection (52) which comes into contact with the lever pin (36) when the rear lever pivots into contact with the cover fixing part (5) projects integrally from the pedal arm (50). [2] The pedal device according to claim 1, wherein the pedal part (10) comprises: a dashboard connecting part (11) coupled to an instrument panel (1) and through which the pedal joint shaft (40) extends; a cover panel connecting part (12) connected to the upper end of the instrument panel connecting part (11) and coupled to a cover panel (6); and a second lever connecting part (13) connected to the cover panel connecting part (12) and having a rear projection through which the lever joint shaft (20) extends. [3] The pedal device according to any preceding claim, wherein the pair of first lever connecting parts (31) are connected by a connecting portion (35), and wherein the lever projection (34) is arranged on the connecting region (35). [4] The pedal device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein when the pedal arm (50) pivots about the pedal pivot shaft (40), the pedal arm projection (52) does not come into contact with the lever pin (36) in the normal state without an accident.

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