Sports timekeeping

Abstract

Transponder (10) for sports timekeeping, with: a receiving unit (12) for receiving at least one message from a measuring point (22) when passing the measuring point, wherein the message contains a measuring point parameter indicating whether the passed measuring point is an indirect measuring point (22b, 22c, 22d, 22e) without a communication link to a central information collection point or a direct measuring point (22a) with a communication link to the central information collection point; a processor (14) for calculating a passage time of the measuring point based on the at least one message; a counter (16) for determining a time difference between a passage time of an indirect measuring point and a passage time of a direct measuring point; and a transmitting unit (18) for transmitting the determined time difference to the direct measuring point when passing the direct measuring point.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a transponder, a system, a method and a computer program product for carrying out the method for sports time measurement.

[0002] In the field of sports timing, for example at running events, marathons, cycling races, ski races, motorsport races, horse races, or other similar events, time recording plays a crucial role. Both in amateur sports, such as corporate runs, and in professional sports, recording split and overall times is indispensable. An increasingly important approach here is contactless automatic timekeeping using radio technologies.

[0003] For this purpose, a person, vehicle, or animal whose time is to be recorded carries a radio transmitter (e.g., an active or passive RFID tag). Runners, for example, can wear radio transmitters integrated into a race number or attached to their shoelaces. In the case of cycling events, it is possible to attach corresponding radio transmitters to the handlebars of a bicycle; for other vehicles, a radio transmitter can be connected to the vehicle's body.

[0004] In this context, a transponder refers specifically to a radio element that allows both the transmission and reception of signals. On the one hand, there are passive RFID systems, which have no power source of their own and transmit their own identifier (ID) in response to a signal from a base station. On the other hand, active RFID systems typically have their own power supply and thus enable a comparatively higher degree of data processing within the transponder. Active RFID systems usually allow for higher measurement precision.

[0005] Measuring points are installed at the start, finish, and intermediate time points along a track. These points enable the detection and communication of a nearby radio transmitter. A measuring point comprises, in particular, an antenna and a corresponding evaluation unit for controlling the antenna and processing the exchanged signals. The measuring point records the times at which a specific radio transmitter is in its vicinity or passes the measuring point. A passage time refers to the precise moment when the transponder passes the measuring point, for example, when it crosses the finish line.Determining this time of passage based on exchanged messages between the transponder and the measuring point while the transponder is within a communication range of the measuring point can be done in various ways, for example based on an evaluation of the signal strengths of exchanged messages.

[0006] In addition to recording start and finish times, there is often a desire at sporting events to also record intermediate, sector, or segment times using additional measuring points. The recording of such parameters can then be made available to both the athletes and the spectators as additional information.

[0007] Conventionally, a transponder's passage is detected at a measuring point, and the corresponding information is transmitted to a central evaluation center. By compiling and analyzing the recorded timestamps, time recording becomes possible. This time recording specifically refers to the recording of a start, finish, or intermediate time, or the corresponding duration between start and finish, between an intermediate time point and the finish, or a time span within a sector or section. These parameters are typically determined by analyzing various passage times at different measuring points.

[0008] EP 2 009 595 A1 discloses a timing system for sporting events. The system is based on backscatter modulation in the UHF frequency band and comprises the wireless encoding of writable data tags with a participant's bib number and the attachment of these data tags to the participants' bib numbers. In a preferred embodiment, participants are assigned an ID number and a printed bib number with a data tag bearing the ID number. Before the start, the athletes attach the data tags to their shoes. Appropriate antennas designed for use with the data tags are used to communicate with them.

[0009] US patent 2008 / 0258917 A1 discloses an RFID-triggered training device. The device is worn by a runner during a race. A racecourse is equipped with numerous mats along its length. These mats have antennas and generate a magnetic field. The training device features a chip system with an RFID tag and a display. As the runner moves along the course, the RFID tag is triggered at each mat, and race data is displayed on the device.

[0010] WO 01 / 54072 A1 discloses a recording device. The recording device comprises evaluation means, storage means connected to the evaluation means for storing data, and a receiving unit connected to the evaluation means for receiving at least one signal. The evaluation means are designed to store data in the storage means after the at least one signal has been received, and the at least one signal is linked to a specific position. The recording device can be used, for example, to record split times along a route and to calculate and display derived data (average speed, estimated times at which points are passed).

[0011] US Patent 2014 / 0169140 A1 describes a method for measuring a competitor's time and / or elapsed period in a sporting event using a personal transponder module that accompanies the competitor throughout the event within a measurement system. The personal transponder module is activated at the start of the event, at intermediate points, or at the finish line. A motion sensor integrated into the transponder module detects changes in movement and / or vibration levels. The transponder module transmits data related to the motion sensor's detection along the course, at intermediate points, or at the finish line to a decoding unit within the measurement system to verify the time or elapsed period corresponding to the competitor's motion sensor's detection.

[0012] EP 1 376 272 A2 describes a method and a device for automatic timekeeping at mass sporting events. Participants in the mass event each wear a transponder with an individual code, which is read after crossing the finish line and linked to a recorded time. Upon crossing the finish line, an internal timer in the transponder is activated, and its transponder time is used as a correction factor when determining the finish time from the recorded time.

[0013] In EP 1 447 681 A2, a system is described that determines the position of a moving transponder. The transponder is designed to receive a substantially stationary magnetic field signal and to transmit another signal. The system includes a signal generation arrangement. This generates the stationary magnetic field signal for the transponder. The transponder can determine several signal strengths of the received magnetic field. There is also at least one signal reception arrangement. This receives the signal transmitted by the transponder. The transponder inserts at least one message segment into this signal, specifying at least one of the determined signal strengths. A processing unit calculates the position based on several signal strengths determined by the moving transponder. The other signal can be a high-bandwidth electromagnetic high-frequency signal.This allows for the use of a large number of transponders, for example at sporting events. Furthermore, the power of a high-frequency signal decreases more slowly with distance. Therefore, it can be received even at a greater distance from the transponder.

[0014] EP 2453 415 A1 relates to a method for recording the passage times of participants at a checkpoint, particularly at sporting events. The participants are equipped with a transponder. To carry out the method, a first and a second transmitter are positioned at the checkpoint. Both transmitters repeatedly send a first and a second transmission telegram with essentially identical signal strength. The second transmitter receives the first transmission telegram. It evaluates its signal strength and records it as a reference signal strength. Information about the reference signal strength is incorporated into the second transmission telegram to be sent. The transponder receives at least one pair of transmission telegrams consisting of the first and second transmission telegrams. It determines the signal strengths and calculates the overall signal strength. It then compares the overall signal strengths of successive transmission telegram pairs.In this process, it determines the maximum total signal strength that occurs when passing the checkpoint. The determined passage time is confirmed if the signal strengths of both the first and second transmitted telegrams are equal to or greater than the reference signal strength. The invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out this method.

[0015] The function of the race result 4000 system is described in RACE RESULT AG, User's Reference race result System 4000 series, 2015.

[0016] The timing of the transponders is conventionally performed decentrally at various measuring points distributed along the route. Each measuring point determines which transponder passes the point and at what time (passage time). Therefore, a central information collection point, or rather, communication between the different measuring points and such a central information collection point, is necessary to utilize the recorded information. At this central information collection point, the measured passage times can be analyzed and compiled. For example, time differences can be determined by subtracting individual passage times. Communication between the measuring points, or between the measuring points and a central information collection point, is possible via GSM or an internet connection.

[0017] Depending on the type of sporting event, such communication may not be possible for some or more measuring points, or only at a high additional cost. For example, recording split times may be necessary at difficult-to-access locations such as mountain passes. Similarly, recording a large number of split times (sector times) may be required, which would necessitate a high data rate. This can be solved, for example, by using a transponder to transmit the crossing times. The transponder receives its own crossing time from the measuring point, for example, in the form of a time, and transmits this information to the finish line in its memory.

[0018] If a passage time is determined at the measuring point and communicated directly to the central information collection point, it may be sufficient for a uniform time base for the various measuring points to exist only at the central information collection point. However, if direct communication is not possible and a passage time is stored on the transponder and transported with the transponder, it is necessary for the various measuring points to have a common time base, i.e., synchronized clocks. Typically, both scenarios require a synchronized time base at all measuring points, as communication often introduces non-deterministic delays.

[0019] Depending on the location of the measuring station, this can lead to increased costs or even insurmountable problems. For example, GPS reception cannot always be guaranteed, necessitating the use of a high-precision clock or regular resynchronization with other measuring stations. This can result in higher system costs and reduced time measurement accuracy.

[0020] The present invention aims to improve prior art systems with regard to accuracy and system costs. In particular, the present invention aims to enable accurate time measurement even in scenarios with multiple measuring points, where at least some of the measuring points cannot communicate with each other.

[0021] According to one aspect of the present invention, this problem is solved by a transponder for sports time measurement according to claim 1.

[0022] According to another aspect of the invention, this problem is solved by a method for measuring sports time according to claim 14.

[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, the problem is solved by a sports timekeeping system according to claim 10.

[0024] According to another aspect, the problem is solved by a computer program product according to claim 15 comprising a data carrier on which program code is stored, which is configured to execute a method as described above when the program code is executed.

[0025] Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims. It is understood that the transponder, the method, the system, and the computer program product can be configured according to the embodiments described for the transponder and for the system in the dependent claims, respectively.

[0026] The receiving unit of the transponder according to the invention preferably communicates wirelessly with a measuring point as soon as the transponder is within a communication radius of the measuring point. In particular, the transponder receives one or more messages with a parameter indicating the type of measuring point being passed. Based on the at least one received message, the processor determines a passing time. In the – typical – case where multiple detections occur during passage, i.e., multiple messages are received, the passing time can be calculated, for example, based on the received signal strengths of the messages. For instance, the receiving time of the message with the highest signal strength can be considered the passing time.The calculation can also take into account other parameters, such as signal strengths at different antennas, for example, at three orthogonally arranged antennas. The time of passage therefore refers to a time base of the transponder, particularly in relation to multiple messages received while the transponder is within communication range of the measuring point.

[0027] In contrast to previous solutions, the calculation of the passage time according to the invention is performed entirely within the transponder and not at the measuring point. Communication from the transponder to the measuring point is not necessary for calculating the passage time. In particular, it is sufficient that the transponder can receive messages from an indirect measuring point when passing it. A return channel is not required. This reduces the hardware complexity at the measuring point. In previous solutions where the passage time is calculated at the measuring point, it must be ensured that the passage times can be determined even for a large number of transponders passing the measuring point simultaneously. This typically requires a more powerful and therefore more expensive processor, such as an FPGA.According to the invention, the calculation of the passage time is performed decentrally within the transponder, so that the calculation of the passage time only needs to be carried out for one transponder. A significantly less powerful processor is sufficient for this purpose.

[0028] On the one hand, an indirect measuring point can be passed, which has no communication link to other measuring points or to a central information collection point. On the other hand, a direct measuring point can be passed, which has the means to further process the measured times. An indirect measuring point could, for example, correspond to an intermediate time measuring point or a start time measuring point in a difficult-to-access location. A direct measuring point could, for example, correspond to a finish time measuring point or a connected intermediate time measuring point. The type of measuring point passed is indicated to the transponder by a measuring point parameter in the message transmitted by the measuring point.

[0029] According to the invention, a counter is started at the determined time of passage when an indirect measuring point is passed. This counter is only stopped when a direct measuring point is passed. The time difference is transmitted from the transponder to the direct measuring point via a transmitter. Based on the measuring point parameter, it can therefore be determined whether the counter should be started (at an indirect measuring point) or whether the counter should be read and the determined time difference transmitted (at a direct measuring point).

[0030] The transponder's counter determines the time difference between the first indirect measuring point passed and the next direct measuring point passed. At the direct measuring point, after receiving the time difference from one transponder, multiple time differences from different transponders, or multiple time differences from one transponder, the data can be further processed and summarized with regard to one or more passed indirect measuring points.

[0031] Here, a time difference refers, on the one hand, to the difference between two timestamps with respect to the clock represented by the counter in the transponder (time of passage of the indirect measuring point and time of passage of the direct measuring point). On the other hand, the transmission of a time difference can also refer to the transmission of the two timestamps themselves.

[0032] According to the invention, the transponder does not store the time of passage (corresponding to an absolute timestamp). Rather, it determines and stores a time difference between the passage of two measuring points. Therefore, the presence of a time is not required. It is sufficient if the time base is adjusted only when the time difference is to be related to an absolute time, for example, after transmission to a direct measuring point.

[0033] In contrast to previous solutions, it is therefore not necessary for all measuring points to have a synchronized clock and / or a data connection. In particular, the transponder according to the invention allows an indirect measuring point to have neither a synchronized clock nor a data connection to other measuring points or to a central information collection point. Thus, the use of a transponder according to the invention enables simple and cost-effective time measurement at indirect measuring points.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the receiving unit is configured to evaluate an inductive field, with the message being transmitted wirelessly by modulating the inductive field. The measuring point generates an inductive field, which is registered by the receiving unit in the transponder. Typically, the measuring point includes a corresponding induction loop, which acts as an antenna. The message and the measuring point parameter it contains are transmitted by modulating the inductive field. The inductive field is usually modulated at a relatively high frequency, so that message transmission takes place at a relatively high frequency, for example, in the range of 100–200 Hz. Depending on the speed of the transponder relative to the measuring point, this ensures that the transponder can receive multiple messages during the passage of the message, i.e., while it is within communication range of the measuring point.The advantage here is that message reception can be achieved with very low energy consumption in the transponder. Another advantage is that potential parallel radio transmissions, for example in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, are not interfered with.

[0035] In a further embodiment, the receiving unit is designed as a wake-up receiver for wirelessly receiving at least one message via an inductive field generated by a measuring point. A wake-up receiver is designed to be switched from an energy-saving mode (sleep mode), in which parts of the transponder's units are deactivated or in standby mode, to normal operating mode by receiving an initial message. Subsequent messages can then be received in normal operating mode after waking up. An advantage of this is that the transponder can remain in an energy-saving mode for most of the time and is only switched to normal operating mode when needed (for message reception). This saves energy in the transponder. Furthermore, security can be increased by defining a predefined wake-up pattern.For example, a 16-bit "wakeup pattern" can be modulated onto the induction loop, ensuring that a transponder is only ever woken up at a measuring point belonging to the current system. This prevents other signals from being accidentally misinterpreted and thus causing inaccuracies.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one message contains a measuring point ID for distinguishing multiple indirect measuring points; the counter is configured to determine multiple time differences between the passage times of the multiple indirect measuring points and the passage time of the direct measuring point; and the transmitting unit is configured to transmit the multiple determined time differences. It is possible for multiple indirect measuring points to be passed before a direct measuring point is passed. Preferably, multiple time differences are then determined and transmitted based on the counter. In this way, time differences between different indirect measuring points and time differences between the multiple indirect measuring points and the direct measuring point, where the time differences are then transmitted, can be determined. This enables a large number of different configurations.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the transponder includes a memory for storing the determined time difference. This memory is preferably designed to delete the stored time difference after receiving confirmation from the direct measuring point that the time difference has been received. The memory can store the various time differences or passing times in relation to the counter in the transponder. In particular, the memory can be designed to store at least the most recent and the oldest time differences. This ensures that even in the event of a memory overflow, at least a start and end time are available. Furthermore, the memory can be designed to store new time differences at a (significantly) reduced rate once a predefined number of measurement points have already been stored.This prevents errors that occur when the same measuring point is passed multiple times, for example, due to a prolonged stay within a measuring point's communication range. The memory also provides a backup of several time differences if the transmitting unit cannot transmit a time difference, or only a portion of several time differences, when passing the direct measuring point. This can happen, for example, due to a blocked communication channel caused by numerous transponders transmitting simultaneously or due to a malfunctioning communication channel. The transmission of a stored time difference can then occur when passing a subsequent direct measuring point. Typically, the memory is designed to delete a stored time difference after receiving confirmation of a measured time difference. This prevents duplicate time differences.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the transponder further includes an energy-saving unit to put the transponder into an energy-saving mode after a predefined idle period during which no messages are received. This idle period can be, for example, 24 hours. If no new messages are received and no passage times are determined during this idle period, the transponder assumes that no further measurements will be taken and the measurement can be aborted or discarded. Typically, the memory is then cleared. However, it is also possible for the data to be retained in memory for a further period and read out again if necessary. This can save energy in the long term and extend the lifespan of the energy source in the transponder.

[0039] In one embodiment, the transmitting unit is designed as a radio transmitter for transmitting the determined time difference, preferably in a freely available frequency band. For example, a low-energy, short-range transmitter can be used that communicates in a licensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band. This avoids interference with systems operating in reserved frequency ranges. Furthermore, a wide range of hardware is available, enabling cost-effective implementation.

[0040] In a further embodiment, the counter incorporates a low-energy quartz crystal. A low-energy quartz crystal allows for the maintenance of an internal time base within the transponder while consuming minimal energy. For example, a quartz crystal, in conjunction with a counter in a microcontroller, can provide time measurement that meets the accuracy requirements of most sports timing systems.

[0041] In one embodiment of the system according to the invention, the indirect measuring point is configured as an intermediate time measuring point, and the direct measuring point as a target time measuring point. Accordingly, an intermediate time is measured at the intermediate time measuring point, and at the target time measuring point, in addition to measuring the target time, the time difference to the time of passing the intermediate time measuring point is also transmitted. Advantageously, this enables intermediate time measurement at remote intermediate time measuring points that have no communication connection and no synchronized time.

[0042] In one configuration, the system further includes an evaluation unit for assessing the received time difference and determining an intermediate time and a finish time. The evaluation unit can be integrated into the finish time measuring station or connected to it via a communication link. The evaluation unit (acting as a central information hub) collects and analyzes various start, intermediate, and finish times for the participants.

[0043] In a further advantageous embodiment, the system also includes a display unit for showing the split time and the finish time. The display unit can be, for example, a large monitor or a digital display. The display unit shows the measured values ​​and informs the spectators and the athletes.

[0044] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations or on their own, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0045] Applications of the invention can also be found in areas beyond sports timing. For example, the present approach can also be used for monitoring dementia patients in a nursing home who are normally not supposed to leave the hospital, for attendance control or tracking of firefighters during an operation (for example, during an operation in a tunnel), for attendance control in companies, or in other areas. It is understood that the transponder according to the invention is not limited to use in sports timing.

[0046] The invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to some selected embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a transponder for time measurement according to an aspect of the present invention; Fig. 2 a representation of a measuring point for interaction with the transponder; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a system according to one aspect of the invention; Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a system according to one aspect of the invention; Fig. 5 a schematic perspective representation of an embodiment of a transponder according to an aspect of the present invention; and Fig. 6 a schematic representation of a method for measuring sports time according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0047] Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a transponder 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The transponder 10 comprises a receiver 12 for receiving at least one message from a measuring point. The receiver 12 is preferably configured as a coil for wirelessly receiving a modulated inductive signal. The receiver 12 is configured for receiving a message from a measuring point. The transponder 10 further comprises a processor 14 which processes the received message and calculates the time of passage of the measuring point. For this purpose, the processor can, for example, evaluate the signal strengths of the received messages and analyze their fluctuations and progression. The processor can also analyze different signal strength values ​​measured by different antennas when receiving the same message. The transponder 10 further comprises a counter 16.Counter 16 enables the determination of a time difference between a passage time at a first measuring point and a passage time at a second measuring point. Counter 16 can also be referred to as a timing unit or clock unit. Counter 16 corresponds to an internal clock. Finally, the transponder 10 includes a transmitter unit 18 by means of which the determined time difference can be transmitted to a measuring point.

[0048] The present invention relates in particular to the field of timekeeping for sporting events, for example inline skating, BMX, mountain biking, ice skating, skiing, motocross, running, motorsports, skiing, cycling, or other sports. The aim is to measure the time required to cover a specific distance. At such events, there is often a desire to also record split times. This may be necessary at locations that are difficult to access (for example, at a mountain pass) or at a large number of intermediate stations (sector times).

[0049] Current timing systems typically require a measuring point at each intermediate time point. As the transponder passes, this measuring point determines a timestamp and transmits it, along with the transponder ID, to a central data processing unit via an additional communication medium. There, time differences can be calculated by subtracting the individual timestamps. Another option is to transmit the current time to the transponder. Both methods require time synchronization among the measuring points distributed along the track, and data transmission may be necessary. Therefore, current measuring points for intermediate and sector times must have a synchronized time base to determine the most accurate time differences relative to each other. This is usually achieved using a GPS-based time base for each measuring point or by requiring a synchronization process.Alternatively or additionally, a data connection to a central data collection point is required. This connection can be wireless, for example via WLAN / GSM, etc., or wired, for example via LAN / Powerline / DSL, etc. It is also possible to record the data only and collect it centrally afterwards to enable analysis of the intermediate times.

[0050] In most existing systems, the actual determination of the passage time occurs at the measuring point for all passing transponders. Aside from directly communicating the determined passage times to a central information collection point, one data transmission option is to inform the transponder of the measured current time as it passes, allowing the transponder to store a timestamp and transmit it to its destination. However, this does not solve the problem that the measuring points require a synchronized, common time base.

[0051] According to the invention, the transponder (active transponder) therefore has an integrated time base (counter, usually comprising a low-energy quartz crystal and a counter in the microcontroller) for determining one or more relative difference timestamps (time differences) since passing one or more measuring point(s) and their respective identification number(s).

[0052] In Fig. Figure 2 schematically illustrates the situation at a measuring point in the case of a running event. An athlete 20 carries a transponder 10 according to the invention. The transponder 10 can, for example, be attached to the runner's ankle by means of an elastic band. However, other positions of the transponder 10 are also conceivable. The athlete 20 moves in the vicinity of a measuring point 22. In the illustrated example, the measuring point comprises an antenna 24 and a readout and communication unit 26. The antenna 24 is arranged on the ground and can, for example, be laid in a cable duct that runs perpendicular to the running track. The illustrated antenna 24 corresponds to a simple wire loop. Other arrangements of the antenna are also conceivable, for example, to the side of the running track or in a bridge over the running track.

[0053] An inductive field is generated above the antenna 24. The antenna thus acts as an induction loop. The field is usually oriented upwards in the direction of the passing runner 20. The transponder 10, or rather the receiver 12 within the transponder, is designed to register the inductive field.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the transponder 10, or rather its receiving unit, is configured as a wake-up receiver. A wake-up receiver is switched from a passive mode (sleep mode) with reduced energy consumption to an active mode as soon as the transponder enters the inductive field. In other embodiments, the activation of the transponder 10 can also be achieved via a radio interface at the measuring point 22. Depending on how long the transponder 10 remains in the field, there are then several so-called detections, which correspond to messages received by the transponder 10.

[0055] Based on these multiple detections, the transponder 10 calculates a passage time at measuring point 22. This passage time preferably corresponds to the moment when the runner 20 is directly above antenna 24. An algorithm in the transponder 10's processor precisely determines the passage time of a detection at measuring point 22. This calculation can be based, for example, on signal strengths or field strengths of the inductive field present at different directional antennas within the transponder. The transponder 10 can transmit the detection result to the readout and communication unit 26 at measuring point 22. A 2.4 GHz radio channel can be used for this purpose. An evaluation unit 30 can also be connected to measuring point 22 for further processing of the measured times.

[0056] Measuring point 22 can be configured as either a direct or an indirect measuring point. In the following, reference numeral 22 is used when it is not necessary to distinguish between a direct and an indirect measuring point for the relevant aspect. A direct measuring point and an indirect measuring point do not necessarily differ with regard to the hardware used. In particular, a measuring point can be operated as an indirect measuring point due to its location if it has no communication link. The type of measuring point, or rather the operating mode of measuring point 22, is indicated to transponder 10 via a measuring point parameter in the message transmitted by measuring point 22. This is achieved, in particular, through appropriate modulation or encoding of the inductive field of measuring point 22.

[0057] Furthermore, it is possible that a measuring point ID is also transmitted through the modulation of the inductive field. An identifier for the measuring point is therefore encoded on the radio interface, or the induction loop, which allows the transponder 10 to distinguish between multiple measuring points in order to later uniquely assign a determined time difference to a specific measuring point.

[0058] By setting and transmitting a measurement point parameter that indicates an indirect measurement point, the passing transponder is signaled to internally count the passage time as a differential timestamp (time difference) to the next measurement point. By setting and transmitting a measurement point parameter that indicates a direct measurement point, the passing transponder is signaled to transmit all time differences stored in its memory. Nevertheless, a timestamp can also be generated or a time difference determined for the passed direct measurement point, if necessary. Therefore, when passing a direct measurement point—that is, a measurement point capable of further processing and communicating the times—multiple relative differential timestamps (time differences) can be transmitted or the transponder's memory can be read as the transponder passes.

[0059] In Fig. Figure 3 schematically illustrates a system 32 for sports timekeeping according to one aspect of the invention. The system comprises a direct measuring point 22a and an indirect measuring point 22b. Both measuring points 22a and 22b are designed to detect a plurality of transponders carried by runners 20. In the illustrated example, the direct measuring point 22a is connected to an evaluation unit 30, which can evaluate and process time differences. Based on the evaluation, a display unit 40, for example a screen, can then be controlled to display the results of the sporting event. It is understood that the display unit 40 can also be implemented as a website on which the results are interactively displayed.

[0060] In the example shown, the runners 20 are on a circular running track 34. The start and finish of the race are located at the direct measuring point 22a. The system can also be used for routes with separate start and finish points.

[0061] In the present example, the direct measuring point 22a has a time source, which can be provided, for example, by a GPS receiver in the evaluation unit 30. The direct measuring point 22a is also connected to the evaluation unit 30 by a cable. Therefore, the direct measuring point 22a allows the processing of measured times or the application of a common time base for the run. At the direct measuring point 22a, a passing time can be determined on an absolute time basis; in other words, the time of passing can be established.

[0062] The indirect measuring point 22b does not have its own absolute time source because, for example, its location prevents it from communicating with a GPS satellite, and it is also not in communication with the direct measuring point 22a. This can be the case, for example, for an indirect measuring point 22b located in high mountains. Therefore, no time measurement in the true sense, or determination of the passing time on an absolute time basis (clock time), can take place at the indirect measuring point. According to the invention, a counter is started at the indirect measuring point 22b, which is only stopped again at the next direct measuring point. This determines a time difference. Only after the time difference is transmitted to the direct measuring point 22a can it be converted to an absolute time basis and thus made usable.The direct measuring point 22a at the destination (destination time measuring point) thus causes the transponder to transmit one or more stored time differences. At this destination time measuring point, the actual time at which the indirect measuring point 22a was passed can then be determined by subtracting the time differences from the current time.

[0063] It should be noted that no communication between the transponder and the measuring point is required at the indirect measuring point. Therefore, an indirect measuring point could potentially be implemented more cost-effectively than a direct measuring point.

[0064] In principle, it is irrelevant which measuring point is operated as a direct measuring point. If, for example, no communication link or precise time is available at the start, the measuring point at the start of the race can already be configured as an indirect measuring point. Upon passing this measuring point, the counter is started in the transponder at the moment of passage. Only at the next direct measuring point is a time difference then determined and transmitted. This next direct measuring point can be either the measuring point at the finish line or an intermediate timing point that has a communication link and is operated as a direct measuring point.

[0065] In Fig. Figure 4 schematically illustrates a running event with several indirect measuring points 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e. All indirect measuring points 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e signal their indirect status using the measuring point parameter. Furthermore, each measuring point signals its own unique identification, for example, a number, via a measuring point ID in the message to the transponder. Upon passing each indirect measuring point 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, a time difference, i.e., a difference timestamp, is determined and stored. These time differences are then transmitted only at the next direct measuring point 22a. The counter therefore also allows time differences to be determined for several indirect measuring points 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e until the next direct measuring point 22a and these to be transmitted collectively when the transponder 10 is next within communication range of the direct measuring point 22a.

[0066] Furthermore, it is also possible that the radio channel is blocked when passing a direct measurement point. This can occur, for example, if a large number of transponders pass the direct measurement point simultaneously. In this case, it is possible to initiate only a new time difference measurement when passing a direct measurement point and to transmit all time differences only when passing a subsequent direct measurement point (for example, in the next round). In this case, a backup function is implemented, and a time is stored.

[0067] It is understood that it is possible that a large number of direct measuring points are used in combination with a large number of indirect measuring points along a route.

[0068] In Fig. Figure 5 schematically illustrates a preferred embodiment of a transponder 10 according to the invention. On the left side of the Fig. Figure 5 shows a perspective front view. On the right side of the Fig. Figure 5 shows the various components in an enlarged sectional view.

[0069] The transponder 10 is typically worn by the athlete (for example, at running events, etc.) or attached to the sports equipment (for example, in go-kart races, etc.). In the example shown, eyelets 40 are provided for attaching an elastic band to the athlete's arm or leg. Attachment using adhesive strips, magnets, screws, etc., is also possible.

[0070] The transponder 10 includes a receiver 12 that enables the detection of an inductive field. The receiver 12 comprises, in particular, at least one antenna for measuring the field strength. Preferably, three antennas are provided for detecting a three-dimensional field strength. Furthermore, a transmitter 18 is provided that enables message transmission to a corresponding receiver at a measuring point. The transmitter 18 can, for example, be configured as a 2.4 GHz radio transceiver for bidirectional communication, such as for receiving confirmation messages. The transmitter and receiver units can share an antenna or have separate antennas. A combined design as a combined transmitter and receiver unit is also possible.

[0071] A low-energy microcontroller 42 is provided for controlling the transmitting, receiving, and other units. This microcontroller, configured as a processor 14, is designed to calculate a passing time based on the inductive field strength detected by the receiving unit 12. This passing time corresponds to the moment when the transponder 10 moves over the measuring point. One exemplary approach involves determining a minimum distance to the measuring point based on the signal strength and then determining the passing time based on this distance.

[0072] Furthermore, a memory 44 is provided for storing multiple determined passage times or time differences. Memory 44 is controlled by the microcontroller 42. The memory can be implemented, for example, as flash memory or a memory chip. The transmission of the time differences stored in memory 44 at the direct measuring point typically occurs with an acknowledgment, whereby the corresponding entry in memory 44 is only automatically deleted once this acknowledgment is received. This ensures that a time difference is only read once. The memory is preferably designed so that both the newest and the oldest time differences are always retained, even when the memory is full. This ensures that at least a start and a destination time are always available.If a transponder remains within the induction range of a measuring point for an extended period, new time differences are recorded at a significantly reduced rate to prevent the memory from filling up too quickly. This can occur, for example, if a runner stops within the induction range.

[0073] The transponder's integrated time base, i.e., the counter, preferably comprises a low-energy crystal 46 and a very energy-efficient asynchronous counter of the microcontroller 42. This asynchronous counter in the microcontroller 42, powered by the crystal 46, allows the maintenance of an internal time base with minimal energy consumption. This time base functions similarly to a portable stopwatch for determining the time difference(s) between the first passage of an indirect measuring point and a subsequent passage of a direct measuring point. The counter is only started when a measuring point signals to the transponder 10, via a message, that the transponder 10 should "carry over" the passage time of this measuring point to the next readout point, i.e., the next direct measuring point, by determining a time difference.If the counter has already started because a difference timestamp was previously recorded, another timestamp is generated and stored in the internal memory. This timestamp is also referred to as a time difference. Therefore, the transponder must be able to independently determine a precise time of passage (passage time) to a measuring point. This is ensured by evaluating the at least one received message in processor 14.

[0074] The transponder 10 also typically includes an energy-saving unit 48, which can put the transponder 10, or all units of the transponder 10, into an energy-saving sleep mode. This can occur, for example, after a predefined period of time.

[0075] The transponder also typically has a battery (50), which may be a button cell, for example.

[0076] It is possible that some of the aforementioned units are combined in different forms, or that some or all functions of one unit are taken over by other units, so that the units are, so to speak, combined.

[0077] In Fig. Figure 6 schematically illustrates a method for measuring sports time according to one aspect of the present invention. The method first comprises a step of receiving (step S10) at least one message from a measuring point. Based on this at least one message, a passing time of the measuring point is calculated (step S12). Then, a time difference between a passing time of an indirect measuring point and a passing time of a direct measuring point is determined (step S14) and transmitted to the direct measuring point upon passing (step S16).

[0078] The method according to the invention can be implemented, in particular, on a microcontroller in a transponder for sports timekeeping. It is also conceivable to operate another portable device (for example, a mobile phone, a smartwatch, or a smart wristband, etc.) according to the method described herein. Typically, the individual steps of the method are implemented as instructions in a computer program.

Claims

[1] Transponder (10) for sports timekeeping, with: a receiving unit (12) for receiving at least one message from a measuring point (22) when passing the measuring point, wherein the message contains a measuring point parameter indicating whether the passed measuring point is an indirect measuring point (22b, 22c, 22d, 22e) without a communication link to a central information collection point or a direct measuring point (22a) with a communication link to the central information collection point; a processor (14) for calculating a passage time of the measuring point based on the at least one message; a counter (16) for determining a time difference between a passage time of an indirect measuring point and a passage time of a direct measuring point; and a transmitting unit (18) for transmitting the determined time difference to the direct measuring point when passing the direct measuring point. [2] Transponder (10) according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit (12) is configured to evaluate an inductive field; and the message is transmitted wirelessly by modulating the inductive field. [3] Transponder (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiving unit (12) is designed as a wake-up receiver for wirelessly receiving the at least one message via an inductive field generated by a measuring point (22). [4] Transponder (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein which contains at least one message with a measuring point ID to distinguish between several indirect measuring points (22b, 22c, 22d, 22e); the counter (16) is designed to determine several time differences between several passing times of the several indirect measuring points and the passing time of the direct measuring point (22a); and the transmitting unit (18) is designed to transmit the several determined time differences. [5] Transponder (10) according to one of the preceding claims, with a memory (44) for storing the determined time difference, wherein the memory is preferably designed to delete the stored time difference after receiving confirmation from the direct measuring point (22a) that the time difference has been received. [6] Transponder (10) according to claims 4 and 5, wherein the memory (44) for storing multiple time differences is designed such that at least the newest time difference and the oldest time difference are stored. [7] Transponder (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising an energy saving unit (48) to put the transponder (10) into an energy saving mode after a predefined idle period in which no messages are received. [8] Transponder (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transmitting unit (18) is designed as a radio transmitter for transmitting the determined time difference, preferably in a freely available frequency band. [9] Transponder (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the counter (16) comprises a low-energy quartz crystal. [10] Sports timekeeping system, with: a transponder (10) for sports time measurement according to claim 1; an indirect measuring point (22b, 22c, 22d, 22e) without a communication link to a central information collection point, wherein the indirect measuring point is designed to wirelessly transmit at least one message to the transponder when passing the indirect measuring point; a direct measuring point (22a) with a communication link to a central information collection point, wherein the direct measuring point is designed to wirelessly transmit at least one message to the transponder when passing the direct measuring point and to wirelessly receive a time difference from the transponder (10) when passing the direct measuring point. [11] System (32) for sports time measurement according to claim 10, wherein the indirect measuring point (22b, 22c, 22d, 22e) is designed as an intermediate measuring point; and the direct measuring point (22a) is designed as a target time measuring point. [12] Sports timekeeping system according to claim 10 comprising: an evaluation unit (30) for evaluating the received time difference and for determining an intermediate time and a target time. [13] Sports timekeeping system according to claim 10 comprising: a display unit (40) for displaying the split time and the target time. [14] Methods for measuring sports time, comprising the following steps: Receiving (S10) at least one message from a measuring point (22) while passing the measuring point, wherein the message contains a measuring point parameter indicating whether the passed measuring point is an indirect measuring point (22b, 22c, 22d, 22e) without a communication link to a central information collection point or a direct measuring point (22a) with a communication link to the central information collection point; Calculate (S12) a passing time of the measuring point based on at least one message; Determine (S14) a time difference between a passing time of an indirect measuring point and a passing time of a direct measuring point; Transfer (S16) the determined time difference to the direct measuring point when passing the direct measuring point. [15] Computer program product comprising a data carrier on which program code is stored which is configured to execute a method comprising the steps of claim 14 when the program code is executed.

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