Method and device for guiding vehicle traffic, in particular aircraft

Abstract

Methods for guiding vehicles located in a traffic area by transmitting traffic guidance instructions from a traffic control center controlling the traffic area to a relevant vehicle within the controlled traffic area, comprising the following steps: a) manual input of instruction parts of a traffic guidance instruction, which is to be transmitted to a relevant vehicle in the controlled traffic area, by a traffic controller of the traffic control center using an input device of an instruction assistance system, b) Checking the plausibility of the instruction sections of the traffic management instruction with regard to the current state of the traffic area to be controlled, as provided by an electronic traffic management system, using an electronic evaluation unit of the instruction assistance system, c) automatic generation of an electronic traffic guidance instruction from the instruction parts using an electronic instruction generator of the instruction assistance system, if plausibility is established during the verification of the instruction parts in step b), and d) Transmission of the automatically generated, electronic traffic guidance instruction to the vehicle in question by means of a communication interface of the instruction assistance system connected to an electronic communication device, characterized in that the instruction parts of the traffic guidance instruction are each individual, semantically separate information blocks and that the gaze focus of the guide within a display that at least partially represents the current state of the traffic area to be controlled is detected by means of a gaze detection device of the input device, wherein, depending on the detected gaze focus, a vehicle of the traffic area to be controlled is then selected for a traffic guidance instruction and a unique identifier of the selected vehicle is determined by means of the input device.where the determined identifier of the selected vehicle is used as an instruction part of the traffic guidance instruction..

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for guiding vehicles within a traffic area by transmitting traffic guidance instructions from a traffic control center controlling the traffic area to a respective vehicle within the controlled traffic area. The invention also relates to an instruction assistance system for implementing the method.

[0002] To secure and control traffic areas, especially airspace around airports or maritime areas around ports, traffic control centers (often colloquially referred to as centers, towers, or control rooms) are generally established. These control and direct the traffic within their area of ​​influence by transmitting instructions to the vehicle crew or driver. The human factor plays a significant role here, as even today, a large portion of the traffic management tasks performed by the traffic control center are still carried out by the so-called pilot.

[0003] A traffic controller regulates traffic within the operational area entrusted to them, usually providing direct traffic guidance and control. Direct instructions to a specific vehicle, which only concern the vehicle itself and are intended for that purpose, initiate actions by the driver of that vehicle based on the controller's direct instructions, allowing all traffic within the traffic area to be regulated and controlled. A controller generally has significantly greater situational awareness of the overall traffic situation in the traffic area than the individual drivers of the vehicles in the traffic area.

[0004] If the traffic area is airspace, for example, in the vicinity of an airport, the controller is an air traffic controller who is responsible for air traffic within the assigned operational area and must ensure that aircraft are guided safely and, if necessary, economically through the assigned catchment area. Landing at and taking off from an airport, as well as the subsequent guidance of the aircraft through the airspace, plays a particularly important role.

[0005] However, even today, instructions required, particularly for air traffic control, are still transmitted to the pilots of an aircraft using traditional voice communication (e.g., VHF). These are then received by the aircraft via antennas and transmitted to the pilots via appropriate output devices (usually headphones). The pilots receive the voice messages spoken by the air traffic controller, extract the flight control instructions contained therein, and must then implement these instructions through appropriate actions.

[0006] While direct data connections now exist to transmit relevant data to the aircraft via this electronic communication channel, this is limited to a very limited amount of information and mostly non-safety-critical instructions.

[0007] As the number of aircraft within controlled airspace increases and sudden critical situations arise, the mental strain on air traffic controllers increases dramatically, increasing the likelihood of incorrect decisions and thus the risk of accidents. Ultimately, this affects every controller responsible for a specific traffic area.

[0008] US 2006 / 0046715 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for voice communication between controller and pilot, wherein voice instructions from the controller are digitized and then transmitted to the pilot via a communication link based on packet-based transmission mechanisms.

[0009] US 2010 / 0 198 489 A1 discloses an air traffic control system for aircraft on the ground, whereby the taxi route of an aircraft is monitored and, in the event of potential dangers, the taxi route of the aircraft on the ground can be changed, which is to be done via data transmission to the aircraft via a communication link.

[0010] US 2010 / 0 027 768 A1 discloses a communication system between air traffic controller and pilot, whereby the voice instructions are converted into text with the help of a speech recognizer, the text is transmitted to the aircraft via a communication link and shown on the display there.

[0011] Finally, US 4 196 474 A discloses a system with which collision warnings and information derived therefrom are to be transmitted to an aircraft and displayed there on a screen.

[0012] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and an improved assistance system with which the pilot can be relieved even in critical situations and when there is a high workload, in order to reduce the risk of incorrect decisions and accidents.

[0013] The object is achieved according to the invention with the method according to claim 1 and the assistance system according to claim 11.

[0014] According to claim 1, a method for traffic guidance of vehicles located in a traffic area is proposed by transmitting traffic guidance instructions from a traffic control center controlling the traffic area to a relevant vehicle within the controlled traffic area, wherein the traffic guidance instructions consist of or have a plurality of instruction parts, which are at least partially input by a controller of the traffic control center, then output by the traffic control center as traffic guidance instructions to the vehicle and received there, wherein the traffic guidance instruction is then presented to the driver visually or acoustically and the driver must then carry out corresponding actions for vehicle guidance in accordance with the individual instruction parts in order to comply with the traffic guidance instruction.

[0015] An instruction section of a traffic guidance instruction is understood to be a specific piece of data or information within the traffic guidance instruction, which, alone or in conjunction with other instruction sections, is intended to convey information to the driver or trigger an action to be performed by the driver. The instruction sections of a traffic guidance instruction are therefore individual, semantically separate blocks of information.

[0016] Such parts of a flight guidance instruction, which are transmitted from a flight control center to a respective aircraft and perceived by the pilot there, can be, for example, the identification (call sign), the type (climb, descend, change of direction), the value (specific altitude, speed, direction) as well as special statistical information that changes only very slowly, such as temperature, air pressure, friction coefficient of the runway, etc.

[0017] According to the method according to the invention, one or more instruction components of a traffic guidance instruction, which are to be transmitted to a respective vehicle in the controlled traffic area, are first manually entered by a controller at the traffic control center using an input device. Manual input can be made, for example, in the form of speech, gestures, eye gaze recognition, and / or input or selection on a screen.

[0018] The manually entered instruction sections of the traffic management instruction are then checked for plausibility by using an electronic evaluation unit to examine the individual instruction sections and their corresponding effects in relation to the current state of the traffic area to be controlled, provided by an electronic traffic management system, e.g., a radar system. In particular, this check determines whether the instruction sections themselves contain any inconsistencies or whether the instruction sections could potentially lead to hazardous situations.

[0019] A simple example would be inputted instruction sections that, as a flight guidance instruction, state that an aircraft should climb to a specified altitude, but the aircraft is already flying at a significantly higher altitude than the specified target altitude. In this case, it can be assumed that the air traffic controller made an error regarding the instruction type (climb instead of descend), the value of the target altitude, or the aircraft itself. Such instruction sections of a flight guidance instruction would therefore be implausible given the overall context of the airspace being controlled and would therefore be detected in advance.

[0020] If the plausibility of the instruction components of the traffic management instruction has been established during the review, or if the controller has ignored a warning that the instruction components are not plausible, an electronic traffic management instruction is generated from the instruction components available in electronic form using an electronic instruction generator. With the help of this electronic instruction generator, the electronic traffic management instruction is assembled from the individual instruction components in the correct form and sequence, so that the content of the electronic traffic management instruction ultimately has a form that is at least equivalent to a purely spoken traffic management instruction of the conventional type.

[0021] This automatically generated electronic traffic guidance instruction is then transmitted to the relevant vehicle via a communication interface connected to an electronic communication device, for example, by electronically converting the electronic traffic guidance instruction into speech and then transmitting it via a voice communication channel to the vehicle and then to the driver. It is also conceivable, however, that the electronic traffic guidance instruction is transmitted, for example, via a digital communication connection to the relevant vehicle, where it can then be output to the driver, for example, visually or acoustically.

[0022] This makes it possible, particularly in air traffic, for the flight guidance instructions transmitted to an aircraft to be automatically generated by an assistance system, with the air traffic controller's inputs being checked for plausibility. This minimizes the human factor as a source of error while simultaneously reducing the mental strain on the air traffic controller, as the flight guidance instructions are automatically generated based on the inputs and transmitted to the aircraft.

[0023] In contrast to private transport, where each driver is responsible for driving their own vehicle within the limits of the rules and system, in pilot-guided traffic it is extremely important that the pilot has a high level of situational awareness in order to be able to control the individual vehicles directly. Drivers must follow the pilot's instructions.

[0024] According to the invention, the controller's gaze focus is detected by means of a gaze detection device within a display that at least partially simulates the current state of the traffic area to be controlled. Based on the detected gaze focus, the area on the display to which the controller has currently directed his foveal field of view (gaze focus) can then be identified. If, for example, the gaze focus remains on an object shown on the display (e.g., an aircraft) for a certain period of time, this object can be selected as the target of a traffic guidance instruction. For this purpose, the instruction assistance system determines a unique identifier (e.g., aircraft name, call sign) of the vehicle based on the selected focus. The determined identifier of the selected vehicle is used as an instruction part of the traffic guidance instruction.This instruction part of the traffic management instruction is the communication goal of the traffic management instruction and is usually located at the very beginning of such an instruction.

[0025] This enables the manual input of a portion of a flight instruction, allowing the air traffic controller to select a communication based solely on their gaze focus and simultaneously enter portions of a flight instruction based on that gaze focus. The pilot does not need to manually enter the aircraft's identification verbally or use other input devices. Instead, the air traffic controller simply needs to maintain eye contact with the aircraft shown on the display within the airspace to be controlled.

[0026] In this case, it is particularly advantageous, for example, if, based on the detected gaze focus and the recognition that the gaze focus remains on a specific vehicle within the traffic area to be controlled on the display, this vehicle is then selected and then, based on the current state of the traffic area to be controlled provided by an electronic traffic management system, suggestions are created with the help of a suggestion unit and shown on the display, with the suggestions representing corresponding inputs for parts of a traffic management instruction. In other words, with the help of the gaze focus, the controller can select or mark a vehicle on the display (e.g. radar screen), with the controller then being shown suggestions for the content of a traffic management instruction in relation to the selected vehicle, which the system considers to be useful in relation to the current situation ormaintains the current status of the traffic area. These suggestions for the content of a traffic guidance instruction can, for example, be displayed directly in the radar label of the selected aircraft on an air traffic controller's radar screen.

[0027] The controller now has the option of accepting these suggestions by manually confirming the suggested content of the traffic management instruction. These suggestions then become the basis for the further process as manual input of instruction sections of a traffic management instruction. However, the controller can also overwrite the suggested content of the traffic management instruction by entering something else if they do not consider the suggested content of the traffic management instruction to be appropriate. Overwriting the suggested content constitutes a manual input for the respective instruction section of the traffic management instruction, which then forms the basis for the further process of automatically generating and transmitting electronic traffic management instructions.

[0028] This makes it possible, for example, in the field of air traffic control, to reduce the mental burden on air traffic controllers in their daily work, as common routine tasks such as looking up the aircraft's identification and repeatedly stating this identification during traditional voice communication with the pilot are no longer necessary. Instead, the air traffic controller can concentrate on the essential elements of their flight control task and is not burdened by repetitive, routine tasks. Using only the user's gaze, a suitable aircraft is selected and used as the basis for the subsequent process of automatically generating flight control instructions, without the air traffic controller having to speak the aircraft's identification into their microphone.

[0029] In a further advantageous embodiment, which can enrich the invention alternatively or in addition to the above-mentioned embodiment, acoustic voice signals of the pilot are recorded by means of a microphone unit of the input device and from the recorded acoustic voice signals at least one instruction part of a traffic guidance instruction is then determined by means of speech recognition and used for the traffic guidance instruction.

[0030] For example, in air traffic control, if an air traffic controller has selected an aircraft using their gaze and is presented with a corresponding suggestion for the content of a flight guidance instruction for the selected aircraft on the radar label display, they can overwrite these suggestions, for example, by speaking new values ​​or content into a microphone. The acoustic speech signals spoken by the air traffic controller are then recognized using speech recognition and converted into electronic content or values ​​for specific instruction components of the flight guidance instruction. These spoken instruction components of a flight guidance instruction then form the basis for the subsequent process of automatically generating electronic flight guidance instructions.

[0031] This creates a way for the controller to enter only the relevant data of a traffic guidance instruction using natural language, while the remaining data is either entered via another input channel or obtained from the suggestion system. This also relieves the controller of routine tasks.

[0032] This creates the possibility for the controller to make corresponding inputs into the system via at least two different, mutually distinct communication channels, which together enable the possibility of entering data for a traffic guidance instruction.

[0033] In a further advantageous embodiment, which can be alternative or additional to the preceding embodiments, a body movement of the pilot is detected using a contactless or touch-based gesture input device. Such a body movement can, for example, be a finger or hand movement displayed on a touch-sensitive input device (touch display), whereby the pattern of the body movement is detected and interpreted as a gesture. Based on such a correspondingly recognized gesture of the pilot, at least one instruction component of a traffic guidance instruction is then determined from the pilot's gesture and used for the traffic guidance instruction.

[0034] Such a gesture could, for example, be a translational movement of a finger or hand of the controller upwards (relative to the ground) or downwards, which in the field of air traffic control, for example, can be interpreted as an instruction type for a flight guidance instruction. An upward finger movement means that the instruction "climb" should be added to the flight guidance instruction as an instruction type. As an instruction component, the instruction "climb" is therefore derived from the finger gesture.

[0035] In a further advantageous embodiment, which can be alternative or additional to the preceding embodiments, in addition to the manually incoming instruction parts of the traffic control instruction, corresponding information regarding the current state of the traffic area to be controlled, regarding a traffic junction relevant to the traffic control center and / or regarding the surroundings of the traffic junction relevant to the traffic control center is determined from a database in order to add further statistical or quasi-static information and data to the traffic control instruction without the controller having to enter this data manually in any way.This information is automatically retrieved from the database and used as instruction parts of the traffic management instruction, whereby the electronic traffic management instruction is generated from the manually entered instruction parts on the one hand and the instruction parts containing the database information on the other hand by means of the instruction generator.

[0036] This also makes it possible for air traffic control to relieve pilots of routine inputs, as these are automatically inserted into the electronic flight guidance instructions and then transmitted to the aircraft in question.

[0037] In a further advantageous embodiment, which may be alternative or additional to the aforementioned embodiments, an instruction context related to this instruction part is determined as a function of at least one manually entered instruction part and a further instruction part is automatically determined by the input device as a function of the determined instruction context, wherein the electronic traffic guidance instruction is generated from the manually entered instruction parts and the at least one instruction part automatically determined from the instruction context by means of the instruction generator.

[0038] In a further advantageous embodiment, which can be alternative or additional to the aforementioned embodiments, a communication path of the electronic communication device, selectable from among various communication paths, is selected for transmitting the electronic traffic guidance instruction using the communication interface, and the electronic traffic guidance instruction is then transmitted to the relevant vehicle using the selected communication path. Depending on the specific situation, the best communication path can thus be automatically selected from the available communication paths, which can also reduce the burden on the vehicle driver.

[0039] For example, it is conceivable that the communication path is selected depending on the utilization of the selectable communication paths.

[0040] A possible communication channel is a radio link, such as a VHF radio link. The electronic traffic guidance instruction is then converted into a spoken, acoustic traffic guidance instruction using a text-to-speech unit and then transmitted to the vehicle via the radio link. The vehicle receives the acoustic traffic guidance instruction and outputs it acoustically to the driver of the vehicle via appropriate output devices, such as headphones.For example, if it is recognized that, due to the current situation, a large number of acoustic traffic guidance instructions are being transmitted for various vehicles, which, due to the broadcast process, are also being heard by all other drivers, it is not beneficial for the mental strain on the drivers if the traffic guidance instructions relevant to them are also transmitted via the same communication channel. Therefore, it is conceivable that, based on the capacity of the radio connection, a different communication channel could be used as one communication channel to transmit the electronic traffic guidance instruction to the vehicle. For this purpose, it is conceivable that the communication channel represents a digital data connection, so that the electronic traffic guidance instruction is transmitted to the vehicle via a so-called "data link."The vehicle then receives the electronic traffic guidance instruction and issues it to the driver, for example by displaying it on a screen or, if necessary, acoustically.

[0041] In the field of air traffic control, for example, the traffic area to be controlled can be an airspace that is used by a number of aircraft as vehicles. An air traffic controller in an air traffic control center is responsible for the airspace, with the traffic hub possibly being an airport.

[0042] The invention is explained by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures. They show: Fig. 1 - Schematic representation of the structure of a flight guidance instruction; Fig. 2 - Schematic representation of the instruction assistance system according to the invention.

[0043] The present invention is explained in more detail using examples from air traffic control, although the invention is not limited thereto.

[0044] Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a flight guidance instruction FA, which consists of several instruction parts AT1 to AT5. The individual instruction parts AT1 to AT5 each have a different information context, which is illustrated in the exemplary embodiment of the Fig. 1 will be explained in more detail below.

[0045] The first instruction part AT1 contains the so-called aircraft identification, which often represents the call sign of the aircraft in question. In the example of the Fig. 1 is the call sign of the aircraft in question: DLH001.

[0046] This is followed by the so-called instruction type as instruction part AT2, which specifies a corresponding basic action option for the pilot. In the example of the Fig. 1 this is the “DESCEND” command which is intended to instruct the pilot to steer the aircraft to a lower altitude.

[0047] The third and fourth, subsequent instruction parts AT3 and AT4 contain the value in relation to the instruction type AT2 and in the example of the Fig. 1 indicates the altitude to which the aircraft, identified by the instruction section AT1, should descend. AT3 indicates the altitude reference, which in aviation can be expressed both in actual altitude (feet) and in the form of flight levels. In the instruction section AT3, the Fig. 1 defines that the altitude in AT4 is the flight level. The value 70 has now been entered for AT4, so in conjunction with AT3, the instruction has been entered that the aircraft should descend to flight level 70 (FL70).

[0048] The instruction section AT3 can be generated automatically by the input device if the air traffic controller simply enters the value "70" as the new altitude. From the context, it is clear that the reference scale here is the flight level, since, firstly, an altitude of 70 feet is only reached during the approach to landing, and secondly, above a certain altitude, all aircraft receive or set their altitude information in flight levels. This allows the air traffic controller to generate a correct flight guidance instruction that complies with general air traffic control regulations, even in the event of a deviation from the rules.

[0049] The instruction section AT5 of the flight guidance instruction FA contains quasi-statistical information regarding the airport or its immediate surroundings, namely the atmospheric pressure in the vicinity of the airport. This information comes from a database and was not manually entered by the air traffic controller.

[0050] In the sense of the present invention, the individual instruction parts AT1 to AT5 are, on the one hand, entered into the system via different paths or different human-machine interfaces and, on the other hand, the flight guidance instruction is automatically generated from the individual instruction parts and transmitted to the aircraft in question.

[0051] Fig.Figure 2 schematically shows the structure of the instruction assistance system 10 according to the invention. The instruction assistance system 10 has an input device 20 with which the air traffic controller can enter corresponding manual inputs of instruction components for the flight guidance instruction. Furthermore, the instruction assistance system has an electronic evaluation unit 30 with which the instruction components of the flight guidance instruction can be examined for plausibility. Finally, the instruction assistance system 10 has an instruction generator 31 with which the flight guidance instruction can be automatically generated electronically based on the input instruction components.

[0052] The input device 20 has an eye-tracking system 21 (gaze detection device) with which the gaze focus 22 on a display 41 of an electronic flight guidance system can be determined. Using the gaze focus 22 detected by the eye-tracking system 21, the area of ​​the display 41 on which the air traffic controller is focusing their gaze can be determined. If, for example, the gaze focus remains on a flying object 42 shown on the display 41 for longer than 1 second, the focused flying object 42 is marked or selected in the electronic flight guidance system 40, and the input device 20 then adopts the identification of the selected aircraft 42 as an instruction part AT1 for a flight guidance instruction.

[0053] In this case, a so-called radar label 43 can advantageously be displayed in addition to the selected and marked flying object 42, which contains information regarding the selected flying object 42. For example, the identification of the selected aircraft, the current flight altitude, and other relevant flight information are displayed here.

[0054] With the help of a suggestion unit 50, a suggestion for the content of a flight guidance instruction is generated based on the current state or situation of the airspace to be controlled, which the suggestion unit 50 receives from the electronic flight guidance system 40, and output as suggestions 44 in the corresponding radar label 43 displayed on the display 41. The air traffic controller thus immediately receives corresponding information on possible flight guidance instructions, which, based on the system's situational awareness, represent a sensible instruction. The suggestions 44 made by the suggestion unit 50 can be directly adopted as the content of instruction sections. However, it is also conceivable for the air traffic controller to modify the suggestions partially or entirely if the suggestions made do not correspond to his or her intention.

[0055] The input device 20 further comprises an acoustic input unit 23 in the form of a microphone, with which the air traffic controller's acoustic voice signals can be recorded and further processed. With the aid of a voice recognition system 24, the acoustic voice signals can then be electronically recognized and used as the content of instruction sections. For example, it is conceivable that the new altitude could be entered as a value of an instruction type, for example, the value "70," using the microphone 23 and the voice recognition system 24.

[0056] The fact that this is the reference value “FL” for flight level is clear from the overall context and is added automatically by the input device.

[0057] Finally, the input device 20 has a gesture recognition device 25, with which gestures 26 of a finger movement of the air traffic controller can be recognized. These finger gestures can, for example, define the instruction type, whereby this instruction type is defined by the direction of the finger gesture. A finger gesture 26 towards the ground means that the aircraft should descend, while a finger gesture 26 upwards (relative to the ground) means that the aircraft should climb. The respective new flight level can be entered by the pilot in the form of speech using the microphone 23 and the speech recognition 24. It is also conceivable that a finger gesture 26 is entered through translational lateral movements, which is intended to indicate an increase or decrease in the speed of the aircraft.

[0058] 3D gestures with "Leap Motion Control" are also conceivable, in which the hand is moved upwards (relative to the ground) with outstretched fingers. A long press could be used to approach a waypoint. A two-finger twist gesture could symbolize a heading change.

[0059] Of course, it is conceivable that the input device 20 may have additional input devices with which the air traffic controller can manually input corresponding instruction components of a flight guidance instruction. This could, for example, be a sensitive display or a keyboard.

[0060] All suggestions 44 entered by the air traffic controller or suggested by the suggestion system 50 are now combined and, if necessary, supplemented by statistical information from a database 52. The instruction components of a flight guidance instruction combined at point 52 are then checked for plausibility using an evaluation unit 30, with each instruction component also being assessed in relation to the current state or situation of the airspace to be controlled. The evaluation unit 30 receives this information from the electronic flight guidance system 40.

[0061] If the instruction components underlying the flight guidance instruction are plausible and without objection, the electronic flight guidance instruction FA is generated using an electronic instruction generator 31 and transmitted to an aircraft 100 via a communication interface 32. For this purpose, the communication interface 32 has access to several communication paths 33a, 33b of a communication device 34, which the interface 32 selects depending on the utilization of the respective communication path 33a, 33b. For this purpose, it is conceivable, for example, for the instruction generator 31 to convert the electronic flight guidance instruction into an acoustic flight guidance instruction and then transmit the flight guidance instruction to the aircraft 100 via a voice connection using the communication interface 32.

Claims

[1] A method for controlling the traffic of vehicles in a traffic area by transmitting traffic control instructions from a traffic control centre controlling the traffic area to a vehicle in question within the controlled traffic area, comprising the following steps: a) manual input of parts of a traffic control instruction to be transmitted to a relevant vehicle in the controlled traffic area by a controller of the traffic control centre using an input device of an instruction assistance system, b) Checking the instruction parts of the traffic management instruction with regard to the plausibility in relation to the current state of the traffic area to be controlled provided by an electronic traffic management system by means of an electronic evaluation unit of the instruction assistance system, c) automatically generating an electronic traffic guidance instruction from the instruction parts by means of an electronic instruction generator of the instruction assistance system if the plausibility is established during the verification of the instruction parts in step b), and d) transmitting the automatically generated electronic traffic guidance instruction to the vehicle concerned by means of a communication interface of the instruction assistance system connected to an electronic communication device, characterized bythat the instruction parts of the traffic guidance instruction are each individual, semantically separate information blocks and that the focus of the controller's gaze is detected within a display that at least partially shows the current state of the traffic area to be controlled by means of a gaze detection device of the input device, wherein, depending on the detected focus of gaze, a vehicle in the traffic area to be controlled is then selected for a traffic guidance instruction and a unique identifier of the selected vehicle is determined by means of the input device, wherein the determined identifier of the selected vehicle is used as an instruction part of the traffic guidance instruction. [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized bythat on the basis of the vehicle selected by the controller's focus of view and the determined identifier, depending on the current state of the traffic area to be controlled provided by an electronic traffic control system, one or more suggestions for parts of the traffic control instruction to be transmitted to the selected vehicle are generated by means of a suggestion unit, and these generated suggestions for parts of the traffic control instruction are displayed within the display which at least partially shows the current state of the traffic area to be controlled. [3] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat acoustic voice signals of the controller are recorded by means of a microphone unit of the input device and at least one part of a traffic guidance instruction is then determined from the recorded acoustic voice signals by means of speech recognition and used for the traffic guidance instruction. [4] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a body movement of the pilot is detected by means of a contactless or contact-based gesture input device of the input device and a corresponding gesture of the pilot is recognized, wherein at least one instruction part of a traffic guidance instruction is then determined from the recognized gesture of the pilot by means of the input device and used for the traffic guidance instruction. [5] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat, in addition to the manually entered instruction parts of the traffic management instruction, corresponding information regarding the current state of the traffic area to be controlled, regarding a traffic junction relevant to the traffic control center and / or regarding the surroundings of the traffic junction relevant to the traffic control center is determined from a database and at least one of this information is used as an instruction part of the traffic management instruction, wherein the electronic traffic management instruction is generated from the manually entered instruction parts and the at least one instruction part containing the database information by means of the instruction generator. [6] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat, depending on at least one manually entered instruction part, an instruction context relating to this instruction part is determined and, depending on the determined instruction context, a further instruction part is automatically determined by the input device, wherein the electronic traffic guidance instruction is generated from the manually entered instruction parts and the at least one instruction part automatically determined from the instruction context by means of the instruction generator. [7] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that a communication path of the electronic communication device, which can be selected from various communication paths, is selected by means of the communication interface for transmitting the electronic traffic guidance instruction and then the electronic traffic guidance instruction is transmitted to the vehicle in question by means of the selected communication path. [8] Method according to claim 7, characterized by that the communication path is selected depending on the utilization of the selectable communication paths. [9] Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by that a selectable communication path is a radio connection, wherein the electronic traffic guidance instruction is converted into an acoustic traffic guidance instruction by means of a text-to-speech unit in this communication path and the acoustic traffic guidance instruction is transmitted to the vehicle in question by means of the radio connection, and / or that a selectable communication path is a digital data connection, wherein the electronic traffic guidance instruction is transmitted to the vehicle in question as digital data in this communication path by means of the digital data connection. [10] Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the traffic space is an airspace to be controlled, the vehicle in the airspace is an aircraft, in particular an airplane, the traffic control center is an air traffic control center, the traffic junction is an airport and / or the controller is an air traffic controller. [11] Instruction assistance system for pilots for inputting and transmitting traffic guidance instructions from a traffic control center controlling a traffic area to the relevant vehicles within the controlled traffic area, wherein the instruction assistance system is designed to carry out the method according to one of the preceding claims, with an input device, an electronic evaluation unit, an electronic instruction generator and a communication interface. [12] Instruction assistance system according to claim 11, characterized bythat the input device comprises a gaze detection device and, if applicable, a suggestion unit, a microphone unit and speech recognition and / or a contactless or contact-based gesture input device. [13] Instruction assistance system according to claim 11 or 12, characterized by that the system comprises a database containing relevant information regarding the current state of the airspace to be controlled, regarding a traffic junction concerning the traffic control centre and / or regarding the surroundings of the traffic junction concerning the traffic control centre.

Images