Fuel cell system and method for its manufacture

Abstract

Fuel cell system, comprising: a fuel supply unit for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell stack; an air supply unit for supplying air to the fuel cell stack; and the fuel cell stack, which generates energy using hydrogen and air supplied by the fuel supply unit and the air supply unit, wherein the fuel cell stack has a conductive polymer electrode which has a lattice structure, and the conductive polymer electrode contains about 0.1 to 1 wt.% of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with a molecular weight of about 1,000 to 6,000 kg / mol.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a fuel cell system and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0002] A fuel cell, or fuel cell system, is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of a fuel (hydrogen, methanol, coal, natural gas, petroleum, etc.) into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction in a fuel cell stack. Fuel cell technology has a higher energy generation efficiency than conventional energy generation technologies. Furthermore, fuel cell systems can simultaneously generate electricity and heat while reducing pollutant emissions.

[0003] From US 2011 / 0 117 454 A1 a conductive polymer electrode is known, wherein the conductive polymer electrode contains polyethylene glycol, where polyethylene glycol in the general prior art refers to polyethylene glycol oxide with a molecular weight of about 0.2 to 35 kg / mol.

[0004] The object of the invention is to provide a fuel cell system comprising a conductive polymer electrode with pores arranged in a grid shape, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell system.

[0005] This problem is solved by a fuel cell system according to claim 1 and by a method for manufacturing a fuel cell system according to claim 4. Further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0006] Additional aspects of the invention are partly set out in the following description and partly obvious from the description or can be learned from the disclosure of the invention.

[0007] According to the invention, a fuel cell system is provided herein, comprising a fuel supply unit for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell stack, an air supply unit for supplying air to the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack, which generates energy by means of hydrogen and air supplied by the fuel supply unit and the air supply unit, wherein the fuel cell stack has a conductive polymer electrode having a lattice structure, and the conductive polymer electrode contains about 0.1 to 1 wt.% of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with a molecular weight of about 1,000 to 6,000 kg / mol.

[0008] In various exemplary embodiments, the conductive polymer can comprise at least one selected polymer from the group consisting of polyaniline, poly(o-methoxyaniline), polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), poly(3-methylthiophene) and poly(p-phenylenevinylene).

[0009] In certain embodiments, the lattice structure with aligned pores can have a period of aligned pores of about 50 nm to about 2 µm, a channel diameter of aligned pores of about 20 nm to about 500 nm, a depth of aligned pores of about 0.2 µm to about 1.6 µm, and a form factor of aligned pores of about 0.5 to about 3.

[0010] According to another aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing a fuel cell system is provided, comprising the steps of producing a conductive polymer layer using a conductive polymer mixture containing about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.% of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with a molecular weight of about 1,000 kg / mol to about 6,000 kg / mol, and processing the conductive polymer layer such that the conductive polymer layer has a lattice shape.

[0011] Furthermore, the conductive polymer described herein may comprise at least one selected polymer from a group consisting of polyaniline, poly(o-methoxyaniline), polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), poly(3-methylthiophene) and poly(p-phenylenevinylene).

[0012] In certain embodiments, the step of producing the conductive polymer layer may include producing the conductive polymer mixture and rotational coating onto a substrate using the conductive polymer mixture.

[0013] In specific embodiments, the rotational coating step can include the rotational coating of the conductive polymer mixture onto the substrate using a rotational speed of approximately 800 rpm for approximately 40 seconds.

[0014] In various exemplary embodiments, the step of producing the conductive polymer layer may further include drying and heat treatment to improve the water resistance of the conductive polymer layer.

[0015] In certain embodiments, the step of processing the conductive polymer layer may include the fabrication of a grid-shaped mask on a surface of the conductive polymer layer, and plasma etching of the conductive polymer layer on which the mask is fabricated to produce a grid-shaped electrode.

[0016] In various exemplary embodiments, the step of processing the conductive polymer layer can further include the production of the grid-shaped mask using a nanotransfer printing process.

[0017] In one embodiment, the step of plasma etching the conductive polymer layer may comprise etching the conductive polymer layer for about 50 to about 200 seconds using a plasma with a source power of about 100 W and a bias power of about 70 to 80 W (e.g., about 70 W, about 71 W, about 72 W, about 73 W, about 74 W, about 75 W, about 76 W, about 77 W, about 78 W, about 79 W, or about 80 W).

[0018] In various exemplary embodiments, the method for manufacturing a fuel cell system can further include mounting the machined conductive polymer electrode on a separating plate.

[0019] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 a view of a unit cell structure of a fuel cell stack to illustrate a power generation principle of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell; Fig. 2 a structural schematic sectional view of a conductive polymer electrode material according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; Fig. 3 a view illustrating an etching process of a conductive polymer electrode material and a conductive polymer electrode produced in a grid shape, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; Fig. 4 a flowchart of a process for manufacturing a fuel cell system according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; Fig. 5 a view of a uniform conductive polymer layer produced according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; Fig. 6 a view to illustrate an effect of improving electrical conductivity during sulfuric acid treatment of a PEDOT:PSS solution according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; Fig. 7 to 10 views showing the relationship between the molecular weight and the content of PEO added to the PEDOT:PSS solution and the water resistance according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 11 a view showing that the wall surface structure of the electrode material is fractured as a result of excessive etching.

[0020] It is understood that the attached drawings are not necessarily to scale and represent a somewhat simplified depiction of various features that illustrate the basic principles of the invention. The specific design features of the present invention, which include, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, positions, and shapes as disclosed herein, are partly determined by the intended application and environment of use.

[0021] Various embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below. Although the invention is described in connection with exemplary embodiments, it is understood that the present description is not intended to limit the invention to these exemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover not only the exemplary embodiments, but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and other embodiments that may be included within the scope and scope of the invention as defined by the accompanying claims.

[0022] A fuel cell system and a method for manufacturing it are described below with reference to the attached drawings.

[0023] A fuel cell system according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises a fuel supply unit, an air supply unit and a fuel cell stack.

[0024] The fuel supply unit delivers hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, and the air supply unit delivers air to the fuel cell stack. The configuration of the fuel supply unit and the air supply unit can be used by a technically skilled person within a range suitable for delivering hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) to the fuel cell stack.

[0025] The fuel cell stack generates energy through the redox reaction of hydrogen and air (specifically oxygen contained in air) described above. This means the fuel cell stack can use the electricity generated by the oxidation reaction of hydrogen and the reduction reaction of oxygen as energy.

[0026] Water can be produced as a byproduct of the oxidation of hydrogen and the reduction of oxygen.

[0027] The configuration of the fuel cell stack is described in more detail below.

[0028] The fuel cell stack can have a structure in which unit cells with a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), gas diffusion layers (GDL), and bipolar plates are stacked. The unit cells are connected in series to form a fuel cell stack.

[0029] With reference to Fig. Figure 1, which shows a unit cell structure of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack, shows that, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the unit cell of the fuel cell stack can comprise a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 10, water electrolyte layers 20 arranged adjacent to the membrane electrode assembly 10, and gas diffusion layers 30 arranged adjacent to each of the water electrolyte layers 20. More specifically, the unit cell can have a structure in which the water electrolyte layers 20, the gas diffusion layers 30, and separator plates 40 are stacked sequentially on the left and right sides of the central membrane electrode assembly 10.

[0030] The membrane electrode assembly 10 is provided with an anode 12 and a cathode 13 on opposite sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane 11. That is, the structure and design of the membrane electrode assembly 10, in which two electrodes, i.e., the anode 12 and the cathode 13, are integrally formed with the polymer electrolyte membrane 11, play a central role in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

[0031] The gas diffusion layer 30 is provided between the separating plate 40 and the electrode to distribute the reaction gas evenly and to transfer the electrons generated during the redox reaction.

[0032] The separating plate 40 is used for moving reaction gases and cooling water, and a flow path can be formed within it. The separating plate 40 also serves as a current collector. The operating principle of such a fuel cell system is described in more detail below.

[0033] With reference to Fig. 1. Hydrogen is supplied to the anode 12, and oxygen (air) is supplied to the cathode 13.

[0034] The supplied hydrogen is converted into hydrogen ions (proton, H) in an electrode layer in anode 12 with the help of a catalyst. + ) and electrons (electron, e - ) split. The hydrogen ions are transferred to the cathode 13 via the polymer electrolyte membrane 11, which is a cation exchange membrane, and simultaneously the electrons are transferred to the cathode 13 via the gas diffusion layer 30 and the separating plate 40, which are conductors.

[0035] In the cathode 13, hydrogen ions, transferred via the polymer electrolyte membrane 11, and electrons, transferred via the separator plate 40, meet oxygen in the air supplied to the cathode 13 to produce water through a catalytic reaction. Electrons generated in the anode 12 flow through an external conducting wire to generate an electric current.

[0036] These different unit cells are connected in series to form a fuel cell stack, and the stack can generate a higher voltage than a single unit cell.

[0037] Fuel cells are environmentally friendly and highly energy-efficient, but they face challenges in terms of commercialization. One of these is the corrosion of a commonly used carbon-based substrate.

[0038] To solve this problem, a variety of alternative support materials were investigated. In addition to electrochemical stability, these support materials must possess high electrical conductivity and a large surface area for catalytic activity.

[0039] Meanwhile, various aspects of the invention are aimed at creating a fuel cell system with improved properties through a conductive polymer support with an enlarged surface area as an electrode of a fuel cell system and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell system.

[0040] A fuel cell system and a method for manufacturing it according to the invention are described in detail below.

[0041] Fig. 2 and Fig. Figure 3 shows a conceptual sectional view and a perspective view of a conductive polymer electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0042] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the electrode has a lattice structure in which the pores are vertically oriented to maximize the movement efficiency of the materials (hydrogen, oxygen) required for the reaction and to effectively remove the water produced during the electrochemical reaction, thus making the electrode suitable for use as a support forming a fuel cell or battery anode (positive) material.

[0043] Furthermore, because the conductive polymer has a high conductivity (several tens of S / cm) compared to more than a carbon-based support (2 to 5 S / cm), electrons can be transferred easily, which contributes to improved fuel cell performance. In particular, the conductive polymer is electrochemically very stable under PEMFC operating conditions, and therefore its durability can be significantly improved by effectively preventing the corrosion that occurs with conventional carbon-based fuel cell supports.

[0044] PEDOT:PSS (Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate)), which is abbreviated below as “PEDOT:PSS”, can be used as a conductive polymer.

[0045] PEDOT:PSS is gaining significant attention as a printable electrode material. Specifically, PEDOT:PSS, which is made from pure H2O, is thermally stable and can be easily rotationally coated, making it excellent processability and thus a commercially available conductive polymer.

[0046] However, the examples of the conductive polymer are not limited thereto, and at least one selected from a group consisting of polyaniline, poly(o-methoxyaniline), polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), poly(3-methylthiophene) and poly(p-phenylenevinylene) can be used as the conductive polymer.

[0047] Furthermore, to give the conductive polymer electrode water resistance, PEO (polyethylene oxide), which cross-reacts with the conductive polymer, can be added.

[0048] On the other hand, if the molecular weight of the PEO to be used is low or the content is insufficient, water resistance cannot be guaranteed, and the structure breaks easily.

[0049] Furthermore, if the PEO content is excessive, the PEO may not be sufficient due to the solubility limit, and therefore a uniform layer, as described later, cannot be produced.

[0050] In various exemplary embodiments, the conductive polymer can comprise approximately 0.1 wt.% to approximately 1 wt.% (e.g., approximately 0.1 wt.%, approximately 0.2 wt.%, approximately 0.3 wt.%, approximately 0.4 wt.%, approximately 0.5 wt.%, approximately 0.6 wt.%, approximately 0.7 wt.%, approximately 0.8 wt.%, approximately 0.9 wt.%, or approximately 1 wt.%) of PEO with a molecular weight of approximately 1,000 kg / mol to approximately 6,000 kg / mol (e.g., approximately 1,000 kg / mol, approximately 2,000 kg / mol, approximately 3,000 kg / mol, approximately 4,000 kg / mol, approximately 5,000 kg / mol, or approximately 6,000 kg / mol).

[0051] Furthermore, a structure fabricated with the conductive polymer electrode material can be created such that it has a period of approximately 50 nm to approximately 2 µm (e.g., approximately 50 nm, approximately 100 nm, approximately 200 nm, approximately 300 nm, approximately 400 nm, approximately 500 nm, approximately 600 nm, approximately 700 nm, approximately 800 nm, approximately 900 nm, approximately 1 µm, approximately 1.1 µm, approximately 1.2 µm, approximately 1.3 µm, approximately 1.4 µm, approximately 1.5 µm, approximately 1.6 µm, approximately 1.7 µm, approximately 1.8 µm, approximately 1.9 µm, and approximately 2.0 µm), a channel diameter of approximately 20 nm to approximately 500 nm (e.g., approximately 20 nm, approximately 40 nm, approximately 60 nm, approximately 80 nm, approximately 100 nm, approximately 150 nm, approximately 200 nm, approximately 250 nm, approximately 300 nm, approximately 350 nm, approximately 400 nm, approximately 450 nm, or approximately 500 nm), and a depth of approximately 0.2 µm to approximately 1.6 µm (e.g., approximately 0.2 µm, approximately 0.3 µm, approximately 0.4 µm, approximately 0.5 µm, approximately 0.6 µm, approximately 0.7 µm, approximately 0.8 µm, approximately 0.9 µm, approximately 1.0 µm, approximately 1.1 µm, approximately 1.2 µm, approximately 1.3 µm, approximately 1.4 µm, approximately 1.5 µm, or about 1.6 µm).However, the period, channel diameter and depth of the structure are not limited to the area mentioned above.

[0052] In various exemplary embodiments, the pores of the support, which is made from the conductive polymer electrode material, can have a form factor of approximately 0.5 to 3; however, the invention is not limited thereto. A detailed description relating thereto will be given later.

[0053] With reference to the flowchart in Fig. 4 comprises a method for manufacturing a fuel cell system according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, comprising the steps of manufacturing a conductive polymer layer (step 100), machining the conductive polymer layer (step 110), and forming a unit cell by stacking a polymer electrolyte membrane electrode assembly (MEA), a separating plate or the like (step 120).

[0054] In the step of fabricating the conductive polymer layer, approximately 0.1 wt.% to approximately 1 wt.% of PEO with a molecular weight of approximately 1,000 kg / mol to approximately 6,000 kg / mol is added to the conductive polymer and mixed until completely dissolved. The resulting mixture, in which the PEO is sufficiently dissolved, is evenly distributed onto a silicon substrate and then rotationally coated to form a uniform layer.

[0055] Such a conductive polymer can be subjected to an acid treatment process using an inorganic acid, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid, to improve its electrical conductivity.

[0056] A further step of drying and heat-treating the conductive polymer layer can then be included to improve the water resistance of the conductive polymer layer.

[0057] In the step of processing the conductive polymer layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a desired metal is deposited on a mask template to obtain nanowires, and then the nanowires are printed onto the conductive polymer layer by means of a mold using a nanotransfer printing process to produce an etching mask of a grid pattern, and by forming a nanostructure in which pores are vertically aligned by etching a conductive polymer layer using a plasma, an electrode material is produced which is suitable for improving the movement rate of the materials (hydrogen, oxygen) required for the reaction.

[0058] O2, Ar, N2, He, CF4, CHF3, C2F6, HF or SiF4 can be used for plasma etching. Etching can also be performed using any method for creating a surface structure, such as dry or wet etching, or by combining two or more methods.

[0059] In the plasma etching process according to the invention, the size and shape of the high-form-factor nanostructure can be controlled by regulating the bias power and the etching time (plasma irradiation time). In this case, the source power is approximately 100 W, the bias power is approximately 80 W, and the etching time is approximately 120 seconds as a standard. Under normal conditions, the etching depth of the structure is approximately 1 µm.

[0060] If the bias power is low compared to the source power, the structure forms symmetrically, and the structure wall is etched and collapses. Specifically, such excessive etching occurs when, under reference conditions, the source power and bias power fall below 70 W.

[0061] Furthermore, since the formation of a surface nanostructure according to the plasma etching time can significantly influence the performance of a fuel cell, it is important to set a suitable time and irradiate the plasma, and it is preferred to carry out the plasma etching by setting the time within about 50 seconds to about 200 seconds (e.g. about 50 seconds, about 75 seconds, about 100 seconds, about 150 seconds, about 175 seconds, or about 200 seconds).

[0062] If the etching time is less than 50 seconds, the etching effect is too weak to clearly form a nanostructure. If the etching time exceeds 200 seconds, excessive etching makes it difficult to control the desired nanostructured surface shape, and the excessively long surface treatment cycle time leads to reduced productivity.

[0063] As in Fig. Figure 11 shows that a wall structure of the electrode material has collapsed as a result of excessive etching.

[0064] Such a manufacturing process is suitable for the semi-permanent reuse of a mask template and facilitates mass production over a large area by plasma etching, thereby improving process efficiency.

[0065] The electrode material, manufactured as described above, is stacked with a polymer electrolyte membrane electrode assembly (MEA), a separator plate, and the like to form a unit cell. By repeatedly stacking such cells, a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system can be created.

[0066] The following are detailed descriptions of embodiments of the invention. These embodiments serve to illustrate the invention, and the technical concept of the invention is not limited by them. EXAMPLES

[0067] The following examples illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit it. [Version 1]

[0068] Step in the process of creating a conductive polymer layer: 0.03 g of PEO (molecular weight: 4,000 kg / mol) per 10 g of PEDOT:PSS solution (1.2 wt%) is added and mixed until completely dissolved. A mixture in which the PEO is sufficiently dissolved is evenly distributed onto a silicon substrate and rotary-coated at 800 rpm for 40 seconds to produce a uniform layer. The layer is then dried on a hot plate at 80°C.

[0069] The thickness of the produced layer is 1 µm, as shown in Fig. 5 is shown.

[0070] Next, the produced layer is heat-treated in a 150°C vacuum oven for 6 hours to increase the water resistance of the PEDOT:PSS and PEO composite layer through a crosslinking reaction between PEO and PSS.

[0071] Step in processing a conductive polymer layer: A mask template is tilted at 72°, and Cr is deposited with a thickness of 3 nm using an electron beam deposition process to obtain nanowires.

[0072] The nanowires are transferred to the previously produced conductive polymer layer using a nanotransfer printing process. Next, the conductive polymer layer onto which the nanowires have been transferred is rotated by 90°, and an etching mask of a grid shape is produced by repeating the nanotransfer printing process.

[0073] At this point, the period and width of the nanowire can be varied according to a desired structure by regulating the period, width, deposition, thickness, and the like of the mask template used in metal deposition.

[0074] Next, a conductive polymer, on which the grid-shaped etching mask is placed, is etched 1 µm for 120 seconds using a source power of 100 W and a bias power of 80 W under an O2 plasma atmosphere, thereby creating a conductive polymer-based electrode material with vertically oriented pores, as shown in Fig. 3 shown, is produced. [Comparison example 1]

[0075] In contrast to the molecular weight of PEO added in the above-mentioned embodiment 1, 400 kg / mol of PEO are added, and the other conditions are the same as in embodiment 1, so that a description overlapping with embodiment 1 is omitted.

[0076] The Fig. Figures 7 to 10 show changes in the structure after immersion of the electrodes in water to test the water resistance of the conductive polymer electrodes in which the pores are vertically oriented, according to the embodiments of the invention and the comparative example.

[0077] Fig. Figure 7 shows a state after an electrode material, prepared without adding PEO to a PEDOT:PSS solution, has been immersed in water for 1 hour, and Fig. Figure 8 shows a state after an electrode material prepared by adding 0.3 wt.% of PEO with a molecular weight of 4,000 kg / mol to a PEDOT:PSS solution has been immersed in water for 24 hours.

[0078] Fig. Figure 9 shows a state after an electrode material prepared by adding 0.3 wt% of PEO with a molecular weight of 400 kg / mol to a PEDOT:PSS solution has been immersed in water for 6 hours, and Fig. Figure 10 shows a state after an electrode material prepared by adding 0.3 wt.% of PEO with a molecular weight of 100 kg / mol to a PEDOT:PSS solution has been immersed in water for 6 hours.

[0079] With reference to Fig. 8. A sufficient effect is achieved when the molecular weight of PEO is 4,000 kg / mol or greater. If the molecular weight of the added PEO is less than 4,000 kg / mol, or the content is less than 0.3 wt.%, as in the Fig. 7, Fig. 9 and Fig. As can be seen in Figure 10, the structure easily collapses because it cannot guarantee water resistance.

[0080] As can be seen from the above, the invention can create a fuel cell system with electrodes of a lattice structure to increase the speed of movement of materials (H2, O2) required for a reaction occurring in the fuel cell system.

[0081] Furthermore, the conductive polymer can reduce the corrosion of the catalyst support generated during the start-stop process of the fuel cell system.

[0082] To simplify the explanation and precise definition in the attached claims, the terms “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “front”, “back”, etc. are used to describe the features of the exemplary embodiments in relation to the positions of these features in the figures.

Claims

[1] Fuel cell system comprising: a fuel supply unit for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell stack; an air supply unit for supplying air to the fuel cell stack; and the fuel cell stack, which generates energy using hydrogen and air supplied by the fuel supply unit and the air supply unit, wherein the fuel cell stack has a conductive polymer electrode which has a lattice structure, and the conductive polymer electrode contains about 0.1 to 1 wt.% of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with a molecular weight of about 1,000 to 6,000 kg / mol. [2] Fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer comprises at least one selected polymer from the group consisting of polyaniline, poly(o-methoxyaniline), polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), poly(3-methylthiophene) and poly(p-phenylenevinylene). [3] Fuel cell system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grid structure with aligned pores has a period of the aligned pores of about 50 nm to 2 µm, a channel diameter of the aligned pores of about 20 to 500 nm, a depth of the aligned pores of about 0.2 to 1.6 µm, and a form factor of the aligned pores of about 0.5 to 3. [4] Method for manufacturing a fuel cell system comprising the steps: Producing a conductive polymer layer using a conductive polymer mixture containing about 0.1 to 1 wt.% of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with a molecular weight of about 1,000 to 6,000 kg / mol (S100); and Processing the conductive polymer layer in such a way that the conductive polymer layer has a lattice shape (S110). [5] Method according to claim 4, wherein the conductive polymer comprises at least one selected polymer from the group consisting of polyaniline, poly(o-methoxyaniline), polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), poly(3-methylthiophene) and poly(p-phenylene-vinylene). [6] Method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the step of producing the conductive polymer layer (S100) comprises: Preparation of the conductive polymer mixture; and Rotational coating on a substrate using the conductive polymer mixture. [7] Method according to claim 6, further comprising an acid treatment. [8] Method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the rotational coating step comprises rotational coating on the substrate using the conductive polymer mixture at a rotational speed of about 800 rpm for about 40 seconds. [9] Method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the step of producing the conductive polymer layer further comprises drying and heat treatment to improve the water resistance of the conductive polymer layer. [10] Method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the step of processing the conductive polymer layer comprises: Creating a grid-shaped mask on a surface of the conductive polymer layer; and Plasma etching of the conductive polymer layer on which the mask is made to create a grid-like electrode. [11] Method according to claim 10, wherein the step of processing the conductive polymer layer further comprises producing the grid-shaped mask by means of a nanotransfer printing process. [12] Method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the step of plasma etching the conductive polymer layer comprises etching the conductive polymer layer for about 50 to 200 seconds using a plasma with a source power of about 100 W and a bias power of about 70 to 80 W. [13] Method according to any one of claims 4 to 12, further comprising mounting the machined conductive polymer electrode on a separating plate (40).

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