Safety valve

Abstract

Safety valve, in particular for opening an outlet opening (12) in a pressure vessel (11) filled with a pressurized gaseous or liquid medium, - with a housing (25) which has an inlet opening (26) that can be connected to an outlet opening (12) of the pressure vessel (11), - with a passage opening (28) provided in the housing (25), which connects the inlet opening (26) with an outlet opening (27) of the housing (25) for the medium to flow through it, - with a valve seat (29) arranged at the through-opening (28), which can be closed with a valve closing element (31), and - with a thermally activatable closing element (35) arranged in the housing (25), by which the valve closing element (31) is held in a closed position relative to the valve seat (29) and which breaks upon exceeding a predetermined activation temperature and releases an opening stroke for the valve closing element (31), so that the valve closing element (31) can be moved from the closed position to an open position by the pressure of the medium in the pressure vessel (12) acting on the through-hole (28), characterized in that - that a heat pipe (19) is connected to the housing (25), which extends inside and outside the housing (25), and that an end section (18) of the heat pipe (19) arranged in the housing (25) is provided adjacent to the closing element (35), and - that a valve piston (37) is arranged between the valve closing member (31) and the closing element (35) and a power storage element (38) is provided between the valve closing member (31) and the valve piston (37).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a safety valve, in particular for opening an outlet opening in a pressure vessel filled with a pressurized gaseous or liquid medium.

[0002] From DE 10 2018 207 494 A1, a pressure relief system for relieving the pressure of at least one pressure vessel is known. This pressure relief system discloses two thermally activated pressure relief devices and at least one heat pipe for transporting thermal energy to one of the pressure relief devices. The ends of the heat pipe are coupled to the pressure relief device for heat transfer.

[0003] From DE 10 2018 205 190 A1, a thermally activated pressure relief device for a motor vehicle is known. It is provided that a pressure relief release is designed as a release line. This release line extends into the shell area of ​​the pressure vessel and is configured to detect heat and thermally activate the pressure relief device.

[0004] From US Patent 2011 / 0180551A1, a safety valve for a pressure vessel is also known. This safety valve is screwed to an inner shell of the pressure vessel. The safety valve contains a valve piston that closes an outlet port. A metallic, fusible element holds the valve closing element in a closed position until it melts. The heat acting on the pressure vessel is transferred via the screw connection of the safety valve to close an outlet port of the pressure vessel.

[0005] German patent application DE 10 2008 051 963 A1 discloses a modified heating tube for activating a pressure relief device. This pressure relief device closes a pressure vessel. The heating tube leading to the pressure relief device comprises a porous absorbent material and a working fluid that penetrates the absorbent material, the working fluid being configured to transfer heat into the pressure vessel.

[0006] From US patent 7,762,272 B2, a liquid-filled tank of a vehicle is known, which is equipped with a safety valve. This safety valve comprises a housing that can be inserted into an outlet opening of the tank or pressure vessel. The housing of the safety valve includes an inlet opening and an outlet opening, which are connected to each other by a through-opening. A valve seat is provided in the through-opening, which is closed by a valve closing element. A thermally activated closing element in the form of a glass ampoule engages the valve closing element, by which the valve closing element is held in a closed position relative to the valve seat.When a predetermined activation temperature is exceeded, the glass ampoule bursts, allowing the valve closing element to be moved into an open position by the pressure of the medium in the pressure vessel acting on the through-hole, and the medium in the tank to flow out.

[0007] This design of the safety valve has the disadvantage that, due to the shielding of the glass ampoule by the housing, there is a delay in the triggering time. Furthermore, a hazard to the pressure vessel located far from the safety valve, such as a fire, may not be detected or may only be detected with a delay.

[0008] The invention is based on the objective of proposing a safety valve which has improved triggering behavior.

[0009] This task is accomplished by a safety valve in which a heat pipe is connected to the valve housing. This heat pipe extends both inside and outside the housing, and an end section of the heat pipe is located within the housing, adjacent to the closing element. Such a safety valve enables improved monitoring in the event of a hazard. The heat pipe extending outside the housing can, for example, be routed along the pressure vessel to which the safety valve is connected. This allows areas of the pressure vessel far from the safety valve to be monitored, enabling the detection of a hazard or overheating even locally. The heat pipe can detect overheating along the pressure vessel and transfer the detected heat to the end section of the heat pipe inside the safety valve housing.The proximity of the end section of the heat pipe to the closing element allows heat to be transferred to the closing element. At a predetermined activation temperature, the closing element breaks, allowing the valve closing element to open and the medium in the pressure vessel to flow to the atmosphere through the outlet opening of the pressure vessel to which the switching valve is connected. Such a safety valve can be used, in particular, in hydrogen tanks for vehicles powered by fuel cells.

[0010] Preferably, the housing of the safety valve includes a working chamber in which the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element are arranged, and which can be closed by a preferably releasable closure. This protects the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element from external influences. Furthermore, these two elements are protected by the housing. The preferably releasable closure also simplifies the installation of the safety valve.

[0011] A valve piston is arranged between the valve closing element and the closing element, and a force storage element is provided between the valve closing element and the valve piston. Preferably, the valve piston engages the closing element directly opposite the valve closing element. This arrangement within the working space of the housing allows the force storage element to compensate for tolerances in the valve closing element, thus simplifying assembly. Furthermore, the valve closing element can also be held in a closed position under preload.

[0012] Advantageously, the closing element is axially secured between the valve piston and the retaining element, which is provided on the closure or can be moved into the working chamber by the closure. This closing element is pressure-stable with respect to an axial compressive force acting along its longitudinal axis. This allows a compressive force to be transmitted to the closing element via the closure or the retaining element, which in turn secures the valve closing element in a closed position via the valve piston.

[0013] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the closure element is designed as a glass ampoule filled with a liquid. This liquid introduced into the glass ampoule can be set to a different trigger temperature. It is preferably provided that the closure element is filled with a liquid that, for example, has a trigger temperature of 100°C or 110°C in order to shatter the glass ampoule.

[0014] In the safety valve, it is preferably provided that the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element are thermally connected. This allows the heat introduced into the heat pipe extending along the pressure vessel to be transferred to the closing element in the end section of the heat pipe, thereby significantly reducing the reaction time or the release time of the closing element.

[0015] According to a first embodiment of the safety valve, the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element are positioned in at least partial contact with each other. This partial contact allows for direct heat transfer from the end section of the heat pipe to the closing element.

[0016] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the working space in the housing, in which the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element are positioned at least partially adjacent to one another, is thermally insulated by an insulating layer, in particular by a cup-shaped insulating element. This allows for thermal shielding of the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element from the external environment, so that heat transfer to the safety valve is not delayed by external conditions.

[0017] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the end section of the heat pipe is aligned and held in place by the insulating layer, in particular the cup-shaped insulating element, in relation to the closing element. This allows for easy positioning and arrangement of the end section of the heat pipe in relation to the closing element within the working space of the housing. The closing element within the working space is arranged in an axially secured position, thus enabling the application of a force to contact the end section of the heat pipe with the closing element.

[0018] According to a further preferred embodiment of the safety valve, the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element are thermally connected by a heat exchanger. This allows for flexible arrangement and positioning of the end section of the heat pipe relative to the closing element, while in turn ensuring rapid heat transfer for short reaction times via the heat exchanger.

[0019] Preferably, the heat exchanger comprises at least one heat-conducting element made of a thermally conductive material, which rests against the closing element and the end section of the heat pipe or at least partially surrounds it. For example, thermally conductive materials such as aluminum, copper, or the like can be used.

[0020] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the heat exchanger comprises two clamp-shaped heat-conducting elements, each with a resilient clamping section for the closing element and the end section of the heat pipe. The heat-conducting elements can bear against the closing element and the end section of the heat pipe over a flat surface and at least partially encompass them. The heat-conducting elements are preferably strip-shaped. These two clamp-shaped heat-conducting elements enable simple assembly by clipping or attaching the heat exchanger to the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element.

[0021] Advantageously, the two clamp-shaped heat-conducting elements have a fastening section between the clamp sections, through which these two clamp-shaped heat-conducting elements are connected to each other. The closing element and / or the end section of the heat pipe can be inserted into the clamp section. Sequential assembly is also possible, so that after positioning the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element on one clamp section, the second clamp element is attached to the first clamp element. It is preferably provided that the two clamp elements can be fastened to each other by gluing, crimping, riveting, crimping, soldering, welding, or attaching a retaining clip to the fastening section.

[0022] Advantageously, at least one heat-conducting element is positioned at a distance from the housing within the working chamber. This prevents disruptive heat dissipation from the heat exchanger into the housing, thus enabling direct and immediate heat transfer from the end section of the heat pipe to the closing element.

[0023] Another preferred embodiment of the heat-conducting element provides that the heat exchanger is designed as a bushing with a receiving opening for the end section of the heat pipe and a receiving opening for the closing element, which can each be arranged within it, and preferably one or both receiving openings can be filled with a thermal paste after the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element have been inserted into the receiving openings of the bushing. This represents a simple alternative embodiment to the two clamp-shaped heat-conducting elements.

[0024] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the bushing, designed as a heat exchanger, is surrounded by an insulating layer and can be inserted into the working space of the housing. This, in turn, allows for shielding, enabling rapid heat transfer from the end section of the heat pipe to the closing element.

[0025] Another alternative embodiment of the heat exchanger provides that it is designed as a pot in which the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element can be inserted. This pot is filled with a thermally conductive paste, in particular graphite paste, and is preferably closed with a lid. Both the pot and the lid can preferably be made of a heat-insulating material, since the heat transfer between the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element occurs via the thermally conductive paste, which surrounds the end section of the heat pipe and the closing element to the extent that they are enclosed within the pot. At least one end of the closing element protrudes from the pot and engages the valve piston.

[0026] The invention, as well as further advantageous embodiments and developments thereof, are described and explained in more detail below with reference to the examples shown in the drawings. The features that can be derived from the description and the drawings can be applied individually or in any combination according to the invention. The drawings show: Fig. 1. A schematic view of a pressure vessel with a safety valve, Fig. 2 a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of the safety valve according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 a schematic sectional view along line II-II in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 a schematic sectional view along line II-II of an alternative embodiment to Fig. 2, Fig. 5 a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of a heat exchanger Fig. 4, Fig. 6 a schematic sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the safety valve Fig. 2, Fig. 7 a schematic sectional view of the safety valve along line III-III in Fig. 5, Fig. 8 a schematic sectional view of another alternative embodiment of the safety valve Fig. 2.

[0027] In Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a pressure vessel 11. A safety valve 14 is provided at an outlet opening 12 of the pressure vessel 11. This pressure vessel 11 is filled with a pressurized medium. This medium could, for example, be a vehicle tank filled with hydrogen. This hydrogen is required to power a fuel cell vehicle. The pressure vessel 11 can be filled with a pressurized medium of up to 700 bar. Preferably, the pressure vessel is made of a composite material, in particular a Kevlar-reinforced plastic composite material, so that this pressure vessel 11 is diffusion-tight for the hydrogen. A filling valve 16, which is shown only schematically, is provided adjacent to the safety valve.

[0028] The safety valve 14 comprises and is connected to a heat pipe 19. This heat pipe 19 extends at least partially along an outer circumferential surface of the pressure vessel 11. Preferably, the heat pipe 19 is fixed to the outer circumference of the pressure vessel 11 by retaining elements 21. These retaining elements 21 enclose the heat pipe 19 with thermal insulation to prevent heat transfer from the heat pipe 19 into the retaining elements 21.

[0029] The safety valve 14 allows the medium to flow out of the pressure vessel 11 in a controlled manner in the event of overheating, for example in the event of a fire.

[0030] A first embodiment of the safety valve 11 according to Fig. 1 is in a section view in Fig. 2 shown. Fig. Figure 3 shows a sectional view along line II-II in Fig. 2.

[0031] The safety valve 14 comprises a housing 25 with an inlet opening 26. The safety valve 14 can be connected to the outlet opening 12 of the pressure vessel 11 via this inlet opening 26. The housing 25 further comprises an outlet opening 27, which is connected to the inlet opening 26 via a through-opening 28. A valve seat 29 is provided at the through-opening 28, against which a valve closing element 31 rests in a closed position.

[0032] The housing 25 further comprises a working chamber 33, which is closed by a preferably releasable closure 34. A closing element 35 is provided in the working chamber 33, which is clamped between a retaining element 36 and, opposite it, by a valve piston 37. At least one energy storage element 38 is provided between the valve piston 37 and the valve closing element 31. This energy storage element 38 can, on the one hand, compensate for tolerances and, on the other hand, generate a preload force on the valve closing element 31, so that it closes the passage opening 28 with an adjustable or predefined force.

[0033] The axial clamping of the locking element 35 between the retaining element 36 and the valve piston 37 can be adjusted by means of the closure 34. The retaining element 36 preferably has an opening 39 into which an end section 41 of the locking element 35 can engage. This additionally secures the locking element 35 in the radial direction.

[0034] The retaining element 36, which is preferably plate-shaped, can be part of the closure 34 or can be inserted into the working space 33 as a separate component.

[0035] The valve piston 37 is preferably guided axially displaceably in a housing section 42. Advantageously, an additional seal 43 is provided to achieve controlled outflow of the medium through the outlet opening 27. Furthermore, this ensures that jamming of the valve piston 37 when the valve closing element 31 is moved into an open position is prevented.

[0036] In the working chamber 33 of the housing 25, an end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 is positioned. The heat pipe 19 is led to the outside through the closure 34. The closure 34 has an opening 49 with a seal 50 through which the heat pipe 19 is led out of the housing 25.

[0037] An insulation element 44 is preferably provided in the working chamber 33. This insulation element 44 is cup-shaped and can be inserted from the outside through an opening 46 in the housing 25. The preferably releasable closure 34 engages this opening 46 in the housing 25.

[0038] This cup-shaped insulation 44 has a central opening 47, allowing the closing element 35 to pass through the cup-shaped insulation 44 and engage the valve piston 37. Furthermore, a further recess 48 is preferably provided in the cup-shaped insulation 44, through which the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 is held adjacent to the closing element 35. At least partially, the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 is in contact with the closing element 35 for heat transfer. This allows for direct heat transfer from the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 to the closing element 35 and thus a fast response time of the closing element 35.

[0039] When a predetermined trigger temperature is exceeded, the closing element 35 breaks. This allows the valve closing element 31 to be moved into an open position by the pressurized medium in the pressure vessel 11, thereby releasing the passage opening 28 and allowing the medium to flow out of the pressure vessel 11 via the outlet opening 27. This safety element 14 is closed in its initial position and remains irreversibly open after the activation temperature has been exceeded.

[0040] In the embodiment according to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 A free space or air gap is provided between the perimeter wall of the insulation 44 and the closing element 35 as well as the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19.

[0041] In Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view along line II-II in Fig. Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment. This embodiment includes a heat exchanger 51 to achieve improved heat transfer between the closing element 35 and the end section 18 of the heat tube 19. This heat exchanger 51 is, for example, designed as a ring or a sleeve made of a thermally conductive material. The closing element 35 and the end section 18 of the heat tube 19 can be inserted or pressed into this heat exchanger 51. This ensures contact between the two elements and simultaneously achieves heat transfer through the heat exchanger 51. Additionally, a thermally conductive material, such as a thermal paste, can be introduced into the remaining free space between the heat exchanger 51 and the closing element 35, as well as the end section 18 of the heat tube 19.

[0042] In Fig. Figure 5 is a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the heat exchanger 51. Fig. Figure 4 illustrates this embodiment. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 51 is designed as a bushing with a bore 65 for the closing element 35 and a bore 66 for the end section 18 of the heat tube 19. These two bores 65 and 66 preferably interlock. The closing element 35 can be inserted into the bore 65. The end section 18 of the heat tube 19 can be inserted into the bore 66. This allows the closing element 35 to come into contact with the end section 18 of the heat tube 19. However, this is not strictly necessary. The heat transfer element 51, which is made of a thermally conductive material, is in contact with the closing element 35 positioned therein on the one hand and with the end section 18 of the heat tube 19 on the other, thus enabling heat transfer.Preferably, a heat-conducting element, such as thermal paste, can be inserted into the bores 65, 66 in the remaining space between the closing element 35 and the end section 18 of the heat tube 19. The outer diameter of the heat exchanger 51 preferably corresponds to the inner diameter of the cup-shaped insulation 44, so that this heat exchanger 51 can be accommodated in the insulation. In this case, the bore 65 is aligned with the opening 47 in the insulation 44.

[0043] In Fig. Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the safety valve 14. Fig. 2 shown. The construction of the safety valve 14 according to Fig. 6 corresponds in principle to the one in Fig. 2. In contrast to the present embodiment, the heat transfer from the end section 18 of the heat tube 19 to the closing element 35 takes place in the working chamber 33 of the housing 25. This different arrangement is described below.

[0044] The Fig. Figure 7 shows a schematic sectional view along line III-III in Fig. 6 to illustrate the arrangement and structure of the heat transfer from the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 to the closing element 35.

[0045] In this embodiment of the safety valve 14, the thermal coupling or thermal connection between the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 and the closing element 35 is achieved by a further embodiment of the heat exchanger 51. This heat exchanger 51 comprises two heat-conducting elements 52, 53, which are clamp-shaped. Each heat-conducting element 52, 53 comprises two opposing clamp sections 54 and an intermediate mounting section 55. The two heat-conducting elements 52, 53 are connected to each other in the area of ​​the mounting section 55. Advantageously, a permanent connection 56 can be provided. This can be a weld, a crimp, a rivet, a crimp, or the like. This connection 56 can also be detachable, for example, by means of screw elements. The heat-conducting elements 52, 53 are strip-shaped and made of a thermally conductive material.The clamp-like arrangement allows both the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 and the closing element 35 to be attached or clipped onto the heat exchanger 51. The sectional arrangement of the heat-conducting elements 52, 53 on the end section of the heat pipe 18 and the closing element 35 enables rapid heat transfer. A fastening element 58, in particular a fastening disc, preferably made of plastic for insulation, is provided to position the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 in the working space 33. This fastening disc 58 includes an opening 61 in which an O-ring 63 is provided, which facilitates the simple fixation of the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 to the fastening element 58 after insertion into the opening.

[0046] In this embodiment, the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 and the closing element 35, which are connected to each other by the heat exchanger 51, as well as the fastening element 58, can be inserted into the working chamber 33 as a pre-assembled unit. Subsequently, the releasable closure 34 is placed onto the opening 46 and the preload is applied to the valve closing element 31. The closure 34 is then closed. The working chamber 33 may be filled with air.

[0047] An alternative embodiment of the heat exchanger 51, in addition to the clamp-like heat-conducting elements 52, 53, is provided by a bushing made of thermally conductive material, which has a bore for the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 and a bore for the closing element 35. Both elements 18, 35 can be inserted or plugged into it. This bushing can, for example, rest on the disc-shaped mounting element 58. Alternatively, the bushing can be provided in a cup-shaped insulation 44, which, after being inserted into the working space 33, rests on a shoulder in the housing 25, similar to the mounting element 58. Preferably, the bores in the bushing can be filled with a thermal paste after the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 and the closing element 35 have been inserted, in order to achieve improved thermal conductivity.

[0048] In Fig. 8 is another alternative embodiment of the safety valve 14 to Fig. 2 shown. This embodiment according to Fig. 8 builds on the embodiment according to Fig. 2. Instead of a cavity in the cup-shaped insulation 44, in the present embodiment this cup-shaped insulation 44 is filled with a heat-conducting element, in particular a thermal paste. In particular, a graphite filling or a graphite paste may be provided. In this embodiment, it is possible for the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 and the closing element 35 to be at least partially adjacent to each other, as well as to be completely separated from each other within the cup-shaped insulation 44. The heat exchanger 51 is formed by the thermal paste in this embodiment. Preferably, the cup-shaped insulation 44 is closed with a lid 59 and preferably sealed.

[0049] According to a further embodiment, the heat pipe 19 can have an interface through which the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 can be connected to the further section of the heat pipe 19. This allows, for example, a safety valve 14 to be provided in which the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 is completely positioned and mounted in the housing 25, and a connecting section extends out through the opening 49 of the closure 34. This enables the safety valve 14 to be connected directly to the pressure vessel 18, and a length of the heat pipe 19 can be selected that corresponds to the length and / or size of the pressure vessel 11. The section of the heat pipe 19 extending outside the safety valve 14 and the end section 18 of the heat pipe 19 can be plugged into one another and form a closed interface.

Claims

[1] Safety valve, in particular for opening an outlet opening (12) in a pressure vessel (11) filled with a gaseous or liquid medium under pressure, - with a housing (25) which has an inlet opening (26) that can be connected to an outlet opening (12) of the pressure vessel (11), - with a passage opening (28) provided in the housing (25), which connects the inlet opening (26) with an outlet opening (27) of the housing (25) for the medium to flow through it, - with a valve seat (29) arranged at the through-opening (28), which can be closed with a valve closing element (31), and - with a thermally activatable closing element (35) arranged in the housing (25), by which the valve closing element (31) is held in a closed position relative to the valve seat (29) and which breaks when a predetermined activation temperature is exceeded and releases an opening stroke for the valve closing element (31), so that the valve closing element (31) can be moved from the closed position to an open position by the pressure of the medium in the pressure vessel (12) acting on the through-hole (28), characterized by , - that a heat pipe (19) is connected to the housing (25), which extends inside and outside the housing (25), and that an end section (18) of the heat pipe (19) arranged in the housing (25) is provided adjacent to the closing element (35), and - that a valve piston (37) is arranged between the valve closing element (31) and the closing element (35) and a power storage element (38) is provided between the valve closing element (31) and the valve piston (37). [2] Safety valve according to claim 1, characterized by , that a working chamber (33) is provided in the housing (25) in which the end section (18) of the heat tube (19) and the closing element (35) are arranged, wherein the working chamber (33) can be closed by a preferably releasable closure (34). [3] Safety valve according to claim 2, characterized by , that the valve piston (37) acts directly on the closing element (35). [4] Safety valve according to claim 3, characterized by, that the closing element (35) is axially secured in the working space (33) between the valve piston (37) and a retaining element (36) which is provided on the closure (34) or which can be moved into the working space (33) by the closure (34). [5] Safety valve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the closing element (35) is designed as a glass ampoule which is filled with a liquid. [6] Safety valve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the end section (18) of the heat pipe (19) and the closing element (35) are thermally connected to each other. [7] Safety valve according to one of claims 2, 3 or 4, characterized by , that the end section (18) of the heat pipe (19) and the closing element (35) are positioned abutting each other at least section by section. [8] Safety valve according to claim 7, characterized by, that the working space (33) in the housing (25) is thermally insulated by an insulating layer (44), in particular by a pot-shaped insulating element. [9] Safety valve according to claim 8, characterized by , that the end section (18) of the heat pipe (19) is aligned and held in relation to the closing element (35) by the insulating layer (44), in particular the cup-shaped insulating element. [10] Safety valve according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by , that the end section (18) of the heat pipe (19) and the closing element (35) are thermally connected to each other by a heat exchanger (51). [11] Safety valve according to claim 10, characterized by , that the heat exchanger (51) has at least one heat conducting element (52, 53) made of a thermally conductive material which is in contact with the closing element (35) and the end section (18) of the heat pipe (19) or at least partially surrounds it. [12] Safety valve according to claim 11, characterized by , that the heat exchanger (51) comprises two clamp-shaped heat conducting elements (52, 53) which have a resilient clamp section (54) for the closing element (35) and another resilient clamp section (54) for the end section (18) of the heat tube (19). [13] Safety valve according to claim 12, characterized by , that the clamp-shaped heat-conducting elements (52, 53) have a fastening section (55) between the clamp sections (54) and preferably the fastening sections of the two heat-conducting elements (52, 53) can be connected to each other by a connection (56), preferably by gluing, crimping, riveting, crimping, soldering, welding or attaching a retaining clip. [14] Safety valve according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized by , that the heat exchanger (51) is arranged in the working chamber (33) at a distance from the housing (25). [15] Safety valve according to claim 11, characterized by, that the heat exchanger (51) is designed as a bushing with a bore (66) for the end section (18) of the heat tube (19) and a bore (65) for the closing element (35), which at least partially interlock or are separately inserted into the bushing and preferably the one or both receiving openings can be filled with a thermal paste after the insertion of the end section (18) of the heat tube (19) and the closing element (35). [16] Safety valve according to claim 15, characterized by , that the heat exchanger (51) designed as a bushing is surrounded by an insulating layer (44), in particular a pot-shaped insulating element, and can be inserted into the working space (33) of the housing (25). [17] Safety valve according to claim 11, characterized by, that the heat exchanger (51) is designed as a pot in which the end section (18) of the heat tube (19) and the closing element (35) can be inserted, wherein the pot is filled with a thermal paste, in particular graphite paste and is preferably closed with a lid (59). [18] Safety valve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that an interface is provided between the end section (18) of the heat pipe (19) arranged in the housing (25) and the section of the heat pipe (19) extending outside the housing (25), through which the section of the heat pipe (19) outside the housing (25) can be connected to the end section (18) of the heat pipe (19).

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