Parking barrier and motor vehicle with a parking barrier

Abstract

Parking lock (1) for locking a transmission, in particular a transmission of a motor vehicle, comprising - a piston (30) movable in a longitudinal axis (X), which in a first position (A) mechanically locks the transmission and in a second position (B) releases the transmission, - an electromagnetic actuator (10) that operates a locking device (20), - wherein the piston (30) comprises a movable cage (40) with at least one spherical locking element (50) movably arranged in the cage (40), - wherein the at least one locking element (50) is forced by the locking device (20) to positively lock the piston (30) in the first position (A) into a first locking recess (61) and in the second position (B) into a second locking recess (62), characterized in that a sensor device (80) with a sensor (85) is provided, and that the sensor (85) detects the mechanical locking of the piston in the first position (A) and in the second position (B), wherein the sensor (85) detects the mechanical locking between the at least one locking element (50) movable in the cage (40) and the locking recesses (61, 62), and wherein the sensor (85) detects the engagement of the at least one locking element (50) in the respective locking recess (61, 62).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a parking lock for locking or releasing a transmission, in particular a transmission of a motor vehicle with the features of claim 1 and a motor vehicle with such a parking lock with the features of claim 24.

[0002] Parking locks are known in various designs from the prior art and typically serve to actuate a mechanically operating locking device that can block the transmission of a motor vehicle, in particular the automatic transmission of a motor vehicle. For this purpose, the parking lock can be moved into a first position that releases the transmission and a second position that locks the transmission, in which, for example, a pawl or a bolt engages a ratchet wheel of the automatic transmission and thus mechanically blocks the automatic transmission in a park position.

[0003] Various electro-hydraulic systems are proposed in the prior art for actuating the parking lock. These systems are characterized by the fact that the parking lock is pre-tensioned, for example by means of a spring accumulator, and can be unlocked by means of a hydraulically actuated piston. To prevent unintentional actuation of the parking lock, it comprises an electromagnetic actuator with a locking device, a locking element, and a fixed locking body. These interact in such a way that the piston can be moved into a position that locks the transmission and a position that releases the transmission, and can be mechanically held locked in at least one of these positions.

[0004] Further state of the art is represented by the publications DE 10 2019 218 977 A1, DE 10 2020 124 188 A1 and JP H10- 184 910 A.

[0005] A disadvantage of the current state of the art has been found to be the complexity of recording the locking status of the parking lock.

[0006] This is where the present invention comes in.

[0007] The present invention is therefore dedicated to the task of proposing a parking lock which appropriately improves upon parking locks known from the prior art and enables simple and reliable detection of the locking state.

[0008] These tasks are solved by a parking barrier with the features of claim 1 and by a motor vehicle with the features of claim 24.

[0009] Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

[0010] The parking lock according to the invention for securing a transmission, in particular a transmission of a motor vehicle, with the features of claim 1, comprises a piston movable in a longitudinal axis, which mechanically locks the transmission in a first position and releases the transmission in a second position. Furthermore, the parking lock comprises an electromagnetic actuator that can actuate a locking device. The piston includes a movable cage with at least one locking element movably arranged in the cage, wherein the at least one locking element can be arranged by the locking device for positive locking of the piston in a first locking recess in the first position and in a second locking recess in the second position.According to the invention, a sensor device with a sensor is provided, wherein the sensor detects the mechanical locking of the piston in the first position and in the second position.

[0011] The idea of ​​the present invention is to provide a parking lock with a sensor device that detects the locking state of the parking lock. The solution of the present invention provides that the sensor unit is designed with a single sensor that can detect both the mechanical locking of the piston in the first position and the mechanical locking in the second position. It should be noted here that multiple sensors can also be used; however, each of these sensors would detect both the mechanical locking of the piston in the first position and the mechanical locking in the second position and thus merely serve as a means of generating redundancy.

[0012] The sensor detects the mechanical locking between the at least one locking element movable in the cage and the locking recesses, whereby the sensor detects the engagement of the at least one locking element in the locking recess.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sensor detects the positive engagement between the first locking recess and the locking element in the first position and the positive engagement between the second locking recess and the locking element in the second position. In other words, the sensor detects the physical insertion of the at least one locking element into the respective locking recess, whereby a locking action is detected only when the at least one locking element engages in one of the locking recesses.

[0014] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the sensor device comprises a first contact pin and / or a second contact pin. The first contact pin and the second contact pin can be configured to detect the engagement or immersion of the at least one locking element in the first and / or second locking recess.

[0015] It has also been shown that, according to further development, it can be advantageous if the first contact pin can project into the first locking recess and / or the second contact pin can project into the second locking recess. The respective contact pin can preferably project centrally into the respective locking recess when viewed along its longitudinal axis and is configured to come into operative contact with the at least one locking element. The respective contact pin can, for example, come into physical contact with the at least one locking element, and this contact can be detected by the single sensor.

[0016] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the first contact pin and / or the second contact pin are longitudinally movable with respect to their respective pin axes. In particular, it is preferred that the first contact pin and the second contact pin are movably arranged in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the respective contact pin is configured to be pushed out of the respective locking recess by the locking element or to be displaced within the respective locking recess when the locking element is inserted into the respective locking recess. The displacement of the contact pin is detected by a sensor, and a corresponding locking signal can be generated. However, the first and / or the second contact pin can also be arranged immovably or fixedly.

[0017] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the first contact pin and / or the second contact pin are made of a soft magnetic material. The soft magnetic contact pin can be easily magnetized in a magnetic field and exhibits lower reluctance.

[0018] According to a further development of the present invention, the sensor device comprises spring elements. The spring elements can press the first contact pin and / or the second contact pin into the respective locking recess. The spring elements allow the respective contact pin, in the unlocked state or after leaving the locking element, to be returned to its initial position in the locking recess, where it projects into the respective locking recess.

[0019] Furthermore, it is provided that the first contact pin and / or the second contact pin have a depth stop. Preferably, the depth stop is designed such that the respective contact pin, in a starting position, projects into the respective locking recess, but does not project beyond the locking recess. Preferably, the respective contact pin is arranged to be recessed within the locking recess.

[0020] A further development of the present invention provides that the sensor device comprises at least one permanent magnet. The at least one permanent magnet of the sensor device is configured to generate a measurable magnetic field which can be detected by the sensor of the sensor device. The at least one permanent magnet can be arranged such that the measured magnetic field changes detectably whenever the at least one locking element is positioned in one of the locking recesses. Preferably, the at least one permanent magnet is coupled to the first contact pin and / or to the second contact pin such that the at least one permanent magnet is moved relative to the sensor and the magnetic field changes detectably or measurably at the sensor, thus generating a unique signal.In particular, it can be advantageous for the at least one permanent magnet to move towards the sensor when the first or second contact pin is moved by the locking element, or for the at least one permanent magnet to move away from the sensor when the first or second contact pin is moved by the locking element. The permanent magnet changes the magnetic field at the sensor in a detectable way, and a signal can be generated.

[0021] In a further development, the first contact pin and / or the second contact pin can have at least one permanent magnet. Preferably, both the first and second contact pins have a permanent magnet. The respective permanent magnet is preferably arranged on the side of the respective contact pin facing away from the locking recess. Even more preferably, the permanent magnets are arranged in a common plane, preferably parallel to the longitudinal axis, both in the initial position and in a locked position. The respective contact pin is always in the locked position when the at least one locking element engages in the respective locking recess.

[0022] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if one of the sensors in the sensor assembly is a Hall sensor. The Hall sensor is configured to detect the insertion or removal of the contact pins from the respective locking recess and to generate a unique signal when the at least one locking element is positioned in or inserted into one of the locking recesses.

[0023] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the sensor is arranged – preferably centrally – between the first and second contact pins. Even more preferably, the sensor is arranged such that a change, in particular of a magnetic field, is detected when the at least one locking element is located in the first and / or second locking recess.

[0024] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides for a locking element, which has a first and / or second locking recess. The locking element is preferably a hollow cylindrical body having an inner and an outer surface. The inner surface can surround the piston cage. Preferably, the first and second locking recesses are formed on the inner surface and can be adapted to the shape of the at least one locking element. Furthermore, it is preferred that the locking element has a first opening and a second opening. The first opening opens into the first locking recess, and the second opening opens into the second locking recess.The openings preferably correspond to the shape of the contact pins, whereby the contact pins should be freely movable within the openings. Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the first opening and the second opening are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

[0025] A further development of the present invention provides that the locking element is made of a non-magnetic material. For example, the locking element can be made of stainless steel. Non-magnetic materials exhibit higher reluctance, which is why a magnetic flux is preferably concentrated in or flows within the locking element of a magnetic material.

[0026] A further development of the present invention provides that the sensor device comprises a flux guide element. The flux guide element can be designed in the form of a central boss and is preferably made of a soft magnetic material. The flux guide element can also be magnetically coupled to the contact pins via the piston cage. For this purpose, the flux guide element can be arranged—preferably centrally—between the first contact pin and the second contact pin and can, depending on the locking recess into which the at least one locking element engages, complete or close a magnetic circuit with the first or the second contact pin.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, the flux guide element is magnetically coupled to the cage via an air gap. The soft magnetic flux guide element can concentrate a magnetic flux through the locking body and transfer it into the cage via the air gap, the flux guide element preferably penetrating the locking body in a plane perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. More preferably, a first end facing the cage is arranged flush with the inner surface of the locking body or recessed. The distance between the flux guide element and the cage, or the length of the air gap, is chosen to be as small as possible in order to minimize reluctance or magnetic resistance.

[0028] A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides that the flux guide element comprises at least one permanent magnet. According to a preferred further development, the permanent magnet can be arranged in the region of a second end on the side facing away from the piston cage, in particular on the side of the locking body facing away from the piston.

[0029] A further development of the present invention provides that the sensor device comprises a flux conductor plate. The flux conductor plate can be magnetically coupled to the first contact pin and / or to the second contact pin. The flux conductor plate is preferably made of a soft magnetic material and, according to a preferred embodiment, can be arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis such that an operative contact for the transmission of magnetic flux can be established between the first contact pin and the second contact pin. Preferably, the first contact pin is in operative contact with the flux conductor plate at least when the at least one locking element engages in the first locking recess, and the second contact pin is in operative contact with the flux conductor plate at least when the at least one locking element engages in the second locking recess.In such a design, the contact pin can be moved between the depth stop and the flow guide plate.

[0030] The flux conductor plate preferably closes a magnetic circuit with the first contact pin, the at least one locking element, the cage, and the flux conductor element, or with the second contact pin, the at least one locking element, the cage, and the flux conductor element. One of the two magnetic circuits is always closed when the at least one locking element engages either in the first locking recess or the second locking recess.

[0031] A further development of the present invention provides that the flux conductor plate has a recess. The sensor is arranged in the recess, preferably centrally, and in a further preferred development, the recess is also arranged centrally to the flux conductor element or its permanent magnet. The recess forms an air gap, in which the previously described second magnetic circuit is located, and the sensor in the recess can detect the magnetic field of one of the two magnetic circuits.

[0032] A further development of the present invention provides that the sensor device is enclosed. In particular, it is preferred if the sensor device is enclosed by a housing – preferably non-magnetic – wherein the housing, in a preferred embodiment, is shell-shaped and can be open on the side facing away from the cage. The housing can, for example, be closed during the injection molding of the piston housing, and the piston housing can, more preferably, be made of a plastic.

[0033] According to further specifications, the sensor device can include a coupling device. The coupling device is preferably operatively connected to the sensor and the contact pins, whereby the sensor can indirectly detect the position of the contact pins via the coupling device. The coupling device can interact with the sensor through the first and / or second contact pin. For example, the coupling device can interact with the sensor via an operative contact, the sensor being, for example, a switch or proximity sensor. The coupling device can also include at least one permanent magnet or a component made of a soft magnetic material and carrying a magnetic flux, which, through relative movement with respect to the sensor, causes a detectable change in the magnetic field at the sensor, which is preferably designed as a Hall sensor.

[0034] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the coupling device includes at least one rocker, and preferably each contact pin is assigned a rocker.

[0035] The rocker can interact with the sensor in a pivoting motion around a rocker axis. At least one rocker can have a permanent magnet at its end, which is moved towards or away from the sensor by the rocker motion. The sensor can detect the change in position of the permanent magnet.

[0036] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the cage and / or the locking element are made of a soft magnetic material. Both the cage and the locking element, with their low magnetic resistance and / or low reluctance, can concentrate the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet(s), so that a large proportion of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet(s) flows through the respective magnetic circuit.

[0037] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a motor vehicle with a previously described parking lock.

[0038] The following describes in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawing, two exemplary embodiments of a parking lock according to the invention for securing a transmission, in particular a transmission of a motor vehicle. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 a schematic and simplified sectional view of a parking barrier according to a first embodiment, Fig. 2 a schematic and simplified sectional view of a parking barrier according to a second embodiment, Fig. 3 a third embodiment of a parking barrier and Fig. 4 an enlarged detailed view of the parking barrier according to Fig. 3.

[0039] In the following, identical or functionally equivalent components of the two embodiments are identified with the same reference numerals. For the sake of clarity, not all identical or functionally equivalent parts are assigned a reference numeral in the individual figures.

[0040] The Fig. 1 and Fig. Figure 2 shows a partial view of a parking lock according to the invention with an electromagnetic actuator 10 and a piston 30 arranged in a piston housing 70, which is movably arranged in the piston housing 70 along a longitudinal axis X.

[0041] The piston 30 of the parking lock 1 can be moved along a longitudinal axis X between a first position A and a second position B in order to mechanically lock a transmission (not shown), in particular an automatic transmission of a (not shown) motor vehicle.

[0042] Both in Fig. 1, as well as in the Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. In Figure 4, the piston 30 is arranged in the first position A. The first position A of the piston 30 can correspond to the position of the piston 30 locking the transmission, while a second position B (not shown) can correspond to a position of the piston 30 releasing the transmission, or vice versa.

[0043] The electromagnetic actuator 10 is arranged on the longitudinal axis X and has a first end region and a second end region, wherein the second end region faces the piston 30 and the piston housing 70 and the first end region forms a free end (left in the figures) of the electromagnetic actuator 10.

[0044] The electromagnetic actuator 10 comprises a currentable excitation coil 13 arranged on a coil carrier, an armature 11, a plunger 12, a return spring 14, a pole cover and an actuator housing referred to as a whole.

[0045] The electromagnetic actuator 10 is designed like a single-stroke magnet, which, through an electromagnetic force exerted by the energized excitation coil 13, causes a linear movement of the armature 11 and a plunger 12 connected to the armature 11 in the longitudinal axis X from a first end position - which is in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is shown - in the second end position - which is in the Fig. 2 and Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the return of the armature 11 and the plunger 12 connected to the armature 11 to the first end position along the longitudinal axis X is effected by the spring force of the return spring 14. Consequently, the electromagnetic actuator 10 is in the first end position when de-energized and in the second end position when energized.

[0046] The actuator housing of the electromagnetic actuator 10 can comprise several housing parts and can close the second end region. The actuator housing can form a pole cover 16 and is preferably made of a magnetic and metallic material and can serve to guide the magnetic flux resulting from the energizing of the excitation coil 13. In the first end region, the actuator housing is formed by a projection 15, which is hollow and cylindrical and preferably projects coaxially to the longitudinal axis X in the direction of the piston housing 70.

[0047] The plunger 12 is connected to the armature 11 and is supported in the first end region of the electromagnetic actuator 10 by a through-hole in the pole cover 16. It can also be supported by the armature 11 on the extension 15. A sensor can be arranged in the first end region of the electromagnetic actuator 10 to detect, determine, or measure the end position or position of the plunger 12.

[0048] A locking element 60 can be arranged on the extension 15 on the side facing the piston 30. The locking element 60 can be connected to the extension 15, for example, by means of a press fit. The locking element 60 is hollow and cylindrical and can be made of a non-magnetic material, such as stainless steel.

[0049] The locking body 60 has a first locking recess 61 and a second locking recess 62. The first locking recess 61 and the second locking recess 62 are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis X, with the first locking recess 61 defining the first position A of the piston 30 and the second locking recess 62 defining the second position B of the piston 30. The first locking recess 61 is located along the longitudinal axis X on the side facing the electromagnetic actuator 10, and the second locking recess 62 is located along the longitudinal axis X on the side facing the piston.

[0050] When the excitation coil 13 is energized, the armature 11, together with the plunger 12, is moved from its first end position along the longitudinal axis X against the force of the return spring 14. The return spring 14 is supported at one end in the actuator housing or in the pole cover 16 and at the other end by the armature 11.

[0051] The armature 11 is held in the actuator housing for flux transfer in both the first and second end positions, with the pole cover 16 and the armature 11 being spaced apart in the first end position. In the second end position, the air gap between the armature 11 and the pole cover 16 is approximately closed. As illustrated by way of example in the embodiment, a sleeve-shaped and conical section can be formed on the side of the pole cover 16 facing the armature 11, which is designed to engage the armature 11 in the second end position.

[0052] The electromagnetic actuator 10 is configured to actuate a locking device 20. The locking device 20 is arranged on the second end region of the electromagnetic actuator 10, facing the piston 30, and comprises two expanding cones 21, 22, which are configured to press at least one locking element 50 into the locking body 60 or its locking recesses 61, 62 to fix or lock the piston 30 in the first position A or the second position B – as will be explained in detail below. The piston 30 is then mechanically locked, and this locked state is detected by the sensor device 80, which will be described in detail later.

[0053] The first expanding cone 21 and the second expanding cone 22 are held apart by a spacer sleeve 27, and the distance between the first expanding cone 21 and the second expanding cone 22 is greater in magnitude than the distance between the two locking recesses 61, 62.

[0054] The piston housing 70 can be made of a plastic and has a through-opening 73 formed coaxially with the longitudinal axis X, which extends between a first end region, which faces the electromagnetic actuator 10, and a second end region. The piston 30 is movably arranged in the through-opening 73 in the longitudinal axis X.

[0055] The piston housing 70 is in Fig. Figure 1 is only partially shown. The piston housing has a connecting section 72 which can be rigidly connected to the locking body 60. The piston housing 70 can be attached to the locking body 60 by means of a metal-plastic connection, wherein the metal-plastic connection is particularly preferably produced by an ultrasonic welding process. Alternatively, the piston housing 70 can be directly formed onto the locking body 60 in a primary forming process, in particular by injection molding.

[0056] The piston 30 is movably arranged in the piston housing 70 and, together with the piston housing 70, encloses a pressure chamber 75, which can be sealed liquid- and airtight by means of seals 74.

[0057] The piston housing 70 can have at least one (not shown) control opening through which a medium can be introduced into the pressure chamber 75 in order to move the piston 30 against the spring force of a piston spring 35 from the first position A according to Fig. 1 into the second position B according to Fig. 4 to move along the longitudinal axis X.

[0058] On the side of the piston 30 facing the electromagnetic actuator 10, a sleeve-shaped cage 40 protrudes, which is preferably made of a soft magnetic material.

[0059] The cage 40 has several labyrinths 42 designed as through-openings, which are arranged – preferably symmetrically – distributed around the longitudinal axis X. A locking element 50 designed as a sphere is arranged in each labyrinth 42, the locking elements 50 being carried along by the cage 40 when the piston 30 moves from the first position A to the second position B.

[0060] The cage 40 is movably arranged between the locking device 20 and the stationary locking body 60 and can guide the locking elements 50 from the first locking recess 61 into the second locking recess 62 and back.

[0061] Between the first locking recess 61 and the second locking recess 62 of the locking body 60, an annular channel 26 is formed between the locking body 60 and the locking device 20 or the spacer sleeve 27, in which the locking elements 50 can move freely through the cage 40 in the longitudinal axis X. The height of the annular channel 26 is adapted to the size of the locking elements 50, or rather, the height of the annular channel 26 corresponds at least to the diameter of the spherical locking elements 50.

[0062] The first locking recess 61 defines the first position A of the piston 30, whereby in the first position A the locking element 50 engages in the first locking recess 61 and is held in this position by the locking device 20 or the first expanding cone 21. In the first position A, the parking lock 1 can lock the transmission of the motor vehicle.

[0063] When the electromagnetic actuator 10 is in the first stable end position, which corresponds to the energized state of the electromagnetic actuator 10, the first expanding cone 21 is in a common plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X with the first locking recess 61. In the first end position of the electromagnetic actuator 10, the locking element 50 is positively engaged in the first locking recess 61 and the piston 30 is blocked.

[0064] To release the piston 30, the electromagnetic actuator 10 is briefly energized, causing the locking device 20 or the plunger 12 to move in the longitudinal axis X from the first end position to the second end position, and away from the piston 30 against the return spring 14.

[0065] The locking element 50 can leave the first locking recess 61 and the piston 30 is released and can be moved by the medium in the pressure chamber to the second position B.

[0066] As soon as the locking element 50 is in the annular channel 26, the electromagnetic actuator 10 can be switched to the de-energized state, whereby the locking element 50 together with the piston 30 can be carried through the annular channel 26 in the longitudinal axis X up to the height of the second locking recess.

[0067] When the electromagnetic actuator 10 is energized again, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the locking device 20 is operated such that the second expanding cone 22 presses the locking element 50 into the second locking recess 62 and blocks the piston 30 in the second position B.

[0068] As soon as the electromagnetic actuator 10 is de-energized, the positive locking mechanism between the second locking recess 62 and the locking element 50 can be released. The respective locking element 50 can then leave the second locking recess 62 and the piston 30 is released again.

[0069] The piston 30 can be pushed back into the first position A by the piston spring 35, whereby the locking element 50, in order to penetrate the first locking recess 61, pushes the first expanding cone 21 aside against the spring force of the return spring 14, thus opening access to the first locking recess 61 so that the locking element 50 can then penetrate. As soon as the locking element 50 is positioned in the locking recess 61, the locking device 20 returns to its first end position by means of the return spring 14, and the piston 30 is blocked in the first position by the locking device 20.

[0070] The locking state of the parking lock 1 can be detected by the sensor device 80 with a sensor 85, which detects both the mechanical locking of the piston 30 in the first position A and the mechanical locking of the piston 30 in the second position B. The sensor device 80 can thus detect the locking state of the piston 30, specifically detecting the positive locking between the locking element 50 and the first locking recess 61 and the positive locking between the locking element 50 and the second locking recess 62. It is therefore possible to detect the locking state of the parking lock 1 with a single sensor 85; however, several sensors 85 can be provided to generate redundancy.

[0071] The sensor device 80 comprises a first contact pin 91 and a second contact pin 92, wherein the sensor 85 is arranged between the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92. The first contact pin 91 can detect the engagement of the locking element 50 in the first locking recess 61, and the second contact pin 92 can detect the engagement of the locking element 50 in the second locking recess 62.

[0072] The first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 are each movably held in an opening along their respective pin axis in the locking body 60. Each contact pin 91, 92 has a first end and a second end, the first end projecting into the respective locking recess 61, 62 and the second end protruding from the opening in the locking body 60. A permanent magnet 93 may be provided in the region of the second end of the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92.

[0073] Preferably, the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 are movably arranged in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X in the locking body 60. Spring means 95 can be provided by which the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 are held biased in the direction of the longitudinal axis X. The spring means 95 can, for example, comprise compression springs.

[0074] Furthermore, the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 can have a depth stop that defines a starting position for the contact pins 91, 92. The depth stop determines how far each contact pin 91, 92 projects into the respective locking recess 61, 62.

[0075] The sensor 85, which is designed as a Hall sensor, is arranged between the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92.

[0076] As soon as the locking element 50 engages in one of the locking recesses 61, 62 to secure the piston 30, the locking element 50 displaces the respective contact pin 91, 92. This displacement changes the relative position between the permanent magnet 93 and the sensor 85. The sensor 85 detects the change in the magnetic field of the respective permanent magnet 93 and can output a locking signal.

[0077] A first further development of the parking barrier 1 according to the invention is Fig. 2. The sensor device 80 also has a single sensor 85 that detects both the mechanical locking of the piston 30 in the first position A and the mechanical locking of the piston 30 in the second position B.

[0078] The sensor device 80 according to the second embodiment comprises the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92, a flux guide element 100, a flux guide plate 110 and a permanent magnet 93.

[0079] The first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 are preferably made of a soft magnetic material. Furthermore, the at least one locking element 50, the cage 40 of the piston 30, the flux guide element 100, and the flux guide plate 110 are made of a soft magnetic material, for example, soft iron. The locking body 60, on the other hand, is preferably made of a non-magnetic material, which results in a concentration of the magnetic flux within the soft magnetic components.

[0080] The first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 are each arranged in an opening and project through the locking body 60 into one of the locking recesses 61, 62. The contact pins 91, 92 are preferably arranged such that a magnetic operative connection with the at least one locking element 50 can be established when the at least one locking element 50 penetrates or immerses itself in the respective locking recess 61.

[0081] In this second embodiment according to Fig. 2 are the contact pins 91, 92 analogous to the one with reference to Fig. In the exemplary embodiment described in Figure 1, the contact pins 91 and 92 are movably held in an opening in the locking body 60. However, and this is noted here, according to a further development not shown, the contact pins 91 and 92 can also be held immovably in the respective opening.

[0082] The flux guide element 100 is arranged between the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 along the longitudinal axis X. Preferably, the flux guide element 100 is arranged – preferably centrally – between the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92. The flux guide element 100 penetrates the locking body 60 in a bolt- or pin-like manner and is made of a soft magnetic material.

[0083] The flux guide element 100 has a first end and a second end, the first end being arranged on the side facing the cage 40 and the second end being arranged outside the locking body 60 on the side facing away from the cage 40. The permanent magnet 93 is arranged in the region of the second end of the flux guide element 100.

[0084] The first end of the flux guide element 100 is magnetically coupled to the soft magnetic cage 40 via an air gap, wherein the first end of the flux guide element 100 is preferably arranged flush with or recessed to the inner lateral surface of the locking body 60.

[0085] The flux conductor plate 110 extends between the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 and can come into magnetic contact with the respective second ends of the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92. For this purpose, the flux conductor plate 110 projects beyond the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 in the longitudinal axis X, so that the second end of the first contact pin 91 and the second end of the second contact pin 92 are covered.

[0086] The flux guide plate 110 is made of a soft magnetic material and has a preferably circular recess 115. The circular recess 115 extends symmetrically around the flux guide element 100 in a projection of an imaginary extension of the flux guide element, with the sensor 85 being arranged in the circular recess 115, preferably centrally.

[0087] The sensor 85 is a Hall sensor and detects when a first magnetic circuit or a second magnetic circuit is closed.

[0088] The first magnetic circuit is closed when the at least one locking element 50 enters the first locking recess 61 and comes into magnetic contact with the first contact pin 91. The first contact pin 91 is thereby pressed out of the first locking recess 61 against the flux conductor plate 110 and thus closed. The first magnetic circuit comprises the flux conductor element 100, the air gap between the flux conductor element 100 and the cage 40, the cage 40, the first contact pin 91, and is closed via a flux conductor plate 110.

[0089] The second magnetic circuit is closed when the at least one locking element 50 enters the second locking recess 62 and comes into magnetic contact with the second contact pin 92. The second contact pin 92 is thereby pressed out of the second locking recess 62 against the flux conductor plate 110, thus closing the second magnetic circuit. The second magnetic circuit comprises the flux conductor element 100, the air gap between the flux conductor element 100 and the cage 40, the cage 40, the second contact pin 92, and is closed via a flux conductor plate 110.

[0090] Fig. Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the parking lock 1 according to the invention. The sensor device 80 comprises, analogous to the embodiments described so far, a single sensor 85 which detects both the mechanical locking of the piston 30 in the first position A and the mechanical locking of the piston 30 in the second position B.

[0091] The sensor device 80 according to this embodiment comprises the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92, a coupling device 120, and permanent magnets 93.

[0092] The first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 can be made of any material. The first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92 are each movably held in an opening along their respective pin axis in the locking body 60. Each contact pin 91, 92 has a first end and a second end, the first end projecting into the respective locking recess 61, 62, and the second end preferably projecting from the opening in the locking body 60. The contact pins 91, 92 are preferably arranged such that a mechanical operative connection can be established between the respective first end and the at least one locking element 50 when the at least one locking element 50 penetrates or enters the respective locking recess 61.

[0093] As in the previously described embodiments, the sensor 85 of the sensor device 80 is arranged in the longitudinal axis X between the first contact pin 91 and the second contact pin 92.

[0094] The coupling device 120 is operatively connected to the sensor 85 and the contact pins 91, 92, whereby the sensor 85 indirectly detects the position of the contact pins 91, 92 via the coupling device 120.

[0095] In the illustrated embodiment, the coupling device 120 comprises two rockers 121, 122, wherein the rockers 121, 122 have a permanent magnet 93 at one end and contact the respective contact pins 91, 92 at the other end. The rockers 121, 122 can each be pivoted about a rocker axis, which can be oriented transversely and at a distance from the longitudinal axis X. The rockers 121, 122 can preferably be biased against the contact pins 91, 92 by means of a spring, wherein the springs can form the spring means 95 by which the contact pins 91, 92 are biased in the direction of the longitudinal axis.

[0096] As soon as the locking element 50 dips into one of the locking recesses 61, 62 to secure the piston 30, the locking element 50 displaces the respective contact pin 91, 92 and consequently the coupling device 120. The sensor 85 detects the coupling device 120 and a corresponding electrical signal can be output.

[0097] In the illustrated embodiment, the rockers 121, 122 pivot and can move the permanent magnet 93, arranged at one end, towards or away from the sensor 85, which is designed as a Hall sensor. This generates a clear electrical signal indicating whether the locking element 50 has positively locked the piston 30 in the first position A or in the second position B. The movement of the rocker 121 is indicated by a double arrow line. Fig. 4 indicated.

[0098] It should be noted here that the sensor 85 either generates a corresponding signal when no locking element 50 is engaged in one of the locking recesses 61, 62, or only generates a corresponding signal when the locking element 50 is engaged in one of the locking recesses 61, 62. Furthermore, it should be noted that the sensor 85 can also be a mechanically actuated switch that can be actuated by a relative movement of the contact pins 91, 92 and / or the coupling device 120. Reference symbol list 1 parking barrier 10 Actuator 11 anchors 12 pestles 13 Excitation coil 14 Return spring 15th continuation 16 pole covers 20 Locking device 21 first expansion cone 22 second spreading cone 26 Ring channel 27 Spacer sleeve 30 pistons 35 piston spring 40 cage 42 Labyrinth 50 locking element 60 locking bodies 61 first locking recess 62 second locking recess 70 Piston housings 72 Connecting section 73 Passage opening 74 Seal 75 Pressure chamber 80 Sensor device 85 Sensor 91 first contact pin 92 second contact pin 93 Permanent magnet 94 Depth stop 95 spring elements 100 flow conductor elements 110 Flow conductor plate 115 Exclusion 120 coupling device 121 rocker 122 rocker A first position B second position X Longitudinal axis

Claims

[1] Parking lock (1) for locking a transmission, in particular a transmission of a motor vehicle, comprising - a piston (30) movable in a longitudinal axis (X), which in a first position (A) mechanically locks the transmission and in a second position (B) releases the transmission, - an electromagnetic actuator (10) that operates a locking device (20), - wherein the piston (30) comprises a movable cage (40) with at least one spherical locking element (50) movably arranged in the cage (40), - wherein the at least one locking element (50) is forced by the locking device (20) to positively lock the piston (30) in the first position (A) into a first locking recess (61) and in the second position (B) into a second locking recess (62), characterized by, that a sensor device (80) with a sensor (85) is provided, and that the sensor (85) detects the mechanical locking of the piston in the first position (A) and in the second position (B), wherein the one sensor (85) detects the mechanical locking between the at least one locking element (50) movable in the cage (40) and the locking recesses (61, 62), wherein the one sensor (85) detects the engagement of the at least one locking element (50) in the respective locking recess (61, 62). [2] Parking barrier (1) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the sensor (85) detects the positive locking between the first locking recess (61) and the locking element (50) and the positive locking between the second locking recess (62) and the locking element (50) in the second position (B). [3] Parking closure (1) according to any of the aforementioned claims, characterized bythat the sensor device (80) comprises a first contact pin (91) and / or a second contact pin (92). [4] Parking barrier (1) according to claim 3, characterized by , that a first contact pin (91) can protrude into the first locking recess (61) and / or a second contact pin (92) can protrude into the second locking recess (62). [5] Parking barrier (1) according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized by , that the first contact pin (91) and / or the second contact pin (92) are longitudinally movable with respect to their respective pin axis. [6] Parking barrier (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized by that the first contact pin (91) and / or the second contact pin (92) are made of a soft magnetic material. [7] Parking barrier (1) according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized by, that the first contact pin (91) and / or the second contact pin (92) are pressed into the respective locking recesses (61, 62) by spring means (95). [8] Parking barrier (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized by that the first contact pin (91) and / or the second contact pin (92) have a depth stop (94) or has a depth stop. [9] Parking closure (1) according to any of the aforementioned claims, characterized by that the sensor device (80) comprises at least one permanent magnet (93). [10] Parking barrier (1) according to one of claims 3 to 8 and claim 9, characterized by that the first contact pin (91) and / or the second contact pin (92) have or have at least one permanent magnet (93). [11] Parking barrier (1) according to one of claims 3 to 8 and claim 9 or 10, characterized bythat the first contact pin (91) and / or the second contact pin (92) can direct the at least one permanent magnet (93) to the sensor (85). [12] Parking closure (1) according to any of the aforementioned claims, characterized by , that a locking body (60) is provided, and that the locking body (60) has the first locking recess (61) and the second locking recess (62). [13] Parking barrier (1) according to claim 12, characterized by , that the locking body (60) is made of a non-magnetic material. [14] Parking closure (1) according to any of the aforementioned claims, characterized by , that the sensor (85) is a Hall sensor. [15] Parking closure (1) according to any of the aforementioned claims, characterized by , that the sensor (85) is arranged between the first contact pin (91) and the second contact pin (92). [16] Parking closure (1) according to any of the aforementioned claims, characterized by, that the sensor device (80) comprises a flow guide element (100), and that the flow guide element (100) is arranged between the two contact pins (91, 92). [17] Parking barrier (1) according to claim 15, characterized by , that the flux guide element (100) is magnetically coupled to the cage (40) via an air gap. [18] Parking barrier (1) according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized by , that the flux conductor element (100) has a permanent magnet (93). [19] Parking barrier (1) according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized by , that the sensor device (80) comprises a flow guide plate (110) which can be magnetically coupled to the first contact pin (91) and the second contact pin (92). [20] Parking barrier (1) according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized by , that the flow guide plate (110) has a recess (115), and that the sensor (85) is arranged centrally to the recess (115). [21] Parking closure (1) according to any of the aforementioned claims, characterized by that the cage (40) and / or the locking element (50) are made of a soft magnetic material. [22] Parking closure (1) according to any of the aforementioned claims, characterized by , that the sensor device (80) includes a coupling device (120). [23] Parking barrier (1) according to claim 21, characterized by , that the coupling device (120) comprises at least one rocker (121, 122). [24] Motor vehicle with a parking lock (1) according to one of the aforementioned claims.

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