Headgear

Abstract

Assembly (1) for positioning sensors on opposite areas of a head, the assembly (1) comprising: - a headband (2) designed to at least partially encircle the head; - sensor caps (3) arranged on opposite areas of the headband (2) for receiving at least one of the sensors each; and - a nose bridge (4) connected to the headband (2) designed to support the headband (2) on the back of the nose of the head; wherein each sensor cap (3) comprises a preferably approximately cylindrical recess (6) for receiving a sensor, which has an opening (7) on one side and is at least partially bounded by the sensor cap (3) on a bottom side (8) opposite the opening and on at least one side surface (9) of the sensor cap (3); characterized in that the openings (7) of the sensor caps (3) face each other.

Description

The invention relates to an assembly for positioning sensors on opposite areas of a head, a sensor cap for receiving at least one sensor, a method for manufacturing such an assembly or for manufacturing such a sensor cap, and a use of the assembly. In some medical fields, it is advantageous to position one or more sensors on the head to perform non-invasive diagnostic examinations. Non-invasive diagnostics allow for the diagnosis of head diseases without serious interventions. The type of sensors used is not limited to specific applications but rather depends on the type of disease, pathology, symptoms, and diagnosis. US 2005 / 0049486 A1 discloses a stereotactic navigation system for navigating an instrument to a target within a patient, comprising a stereotactic head frame, an imaging device, a tracking device, a control unit, and a display. The stereotactic head frame is connected to the patient and serves to guide the instrument to the target. US 7 231 723 B1 discloses a device for the placement of neural sensors and / or for performing reference system measurements, comprising a front frame element that can be worn by a person's nose when the device is placed on the person's head for the placement and / or measurement of neural sensors, reference system measurements, or for other purposes. EP 3 020 327 A1 describes an ear thermometer with a temperature measuring device designed to measure a temperature inside the ear canal of a patient's ear and which has a sealing area designed to close the ear canal of the ear, and In previous approaches, the sensors were attached to the head using a headband for diagnostic examinations. Such a headband has an elastic band that can be applied around the head. Due to the elasticity of the headband, a restoring force causes it to be pressed against the head in a circumferential area and thus more or less secured. The headband is preferably positioned on the forehead, the back of the head, and on opposite sides of the head above the ears. Furthermore, at least two sensor caps are provided, each designed with an opening on opposite sides for the headband to pass through. The headband and sensor caps are arranged so that the sensor caps, with the sensors contained within them, are pressed against the head by the headband. This allows the sensor caps and sensors to be held and positioned on the head. However, such a headband has proven to be disadvantageous for several reasons. Firstly, it is difficult to reproducibly position the sensor caps with the sensors on the same patient's head. In cases of head injuries, a parameter of the head is monitored over an extended period on the same patient. Measurements are taken at intervals on the same patient's head to determine how the condition develops over time. This requires the headband to be removed from the patient's head several times and reapplied for each measurement. In subsequent measurements, it may not be possible to reproduce the sensor position from a previous measurement. This inaccuracy or lack of reproducibility of the sensor positions distorts the measured values ​​of the series and can lead to a medical misdiagnosis. Furthermore, the positioning of the sensors relative to each other on the head has proven inaccurate, as the position of the sensors along the headband and the position of the headband on the head can vary. This results in an inaccurate relative alignment of the sensors, making it impossible to precisely adjust the signal or observation field of the sensors. Secondly, the sensors cannot be effectively coupled to the head. The headband applies uniform pressure to the entire circumference of the head. This means that only a small portion of the pressure reaches the sensors, and a higher pressure than usual is required to couple them. This is particularly disadvantageous in cases of head injuries. Furthermore, the contact pressure depends on the headband setting, which means the contact pressure can vary between different measurements, making it disadvantageous when comparing measurements. Furthermore, the use of such a headband has proven disadvantageous, as the patient's head must be lifted to apply it. Lifting the head is particularly undesirable in cases of head injuries, as this can cause further injury and pain for the patient or interfere with life-sustaining therapies (such as an endotracheal tube). Against this background, the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages and, in particular, to make it possible to perform non-invasive diagnostic examinations better on a patient's head. This problem is solved by a set according to claim 1, The inventors have discovered that positioning the sensors on the head in predetermined areas and aligning the sensors with each other has a significant impact on the results of diagnostic examinations. The headband with its attached sensor caps determines the position of the sensors located in the sensor caps on the head. Because the sensor caps are positioned on opposite sides of the headband, it is ensured that the sensors in the sensor caps are in contact with opposite areas of the head and thus aligned with each other. The nose bridge, connected to the headband, supports the headband on the back of the nose. This aligns the position of the headband, with its attached sensor caps, with a predetermined reference point, i.e., the nose, on the patient's head. Using the assembly according to the invention, sensors can thus be positioned more precisely at predetermined locations on the head. Furthermore, the reference point improves the reproducibility of the areas on the head where the sensors are placed, as the reference point, i.e., the position of the nose, does not change for a given patient. Moreover, the position of the reference point, i.e., the nose, on the head is very similar for different patients with similar head sizes, thus ensuring reproducibility of the sensor positions even between patients of similar head sizes. Furthermore, the inventors discovered that the pressure exerted by the sensors on the head often has another major influence on the results of diagnostic examinations. According to the inventive device, the contact pressure with which the sensors in the sensor caps rest on the head is essentially determined by the headband. Since the head diameter does not change for an individual patient and the position of the sensors on the head is reproducible, the contact pressure of the sensors on the head is readily reproducible between individual examinations of the patient's head. Furthermore, the head diameters for a class of patients (e.g., children or adults) are at least similar, meaning that the contact pressure is at least similar for different patients within the same class. Furthermore, the use of such a head brace has proven particularly effective in practice for patients with head injuries. A head brace can be applied to the head from one side. Therefore, applying the brace no longer necessarily requires lifting the patient's head, which is advantageous for patients with head injuries. Sensors according to this invention can, for example, comprise an emitter for outputting signals and a detector for receiving the output signals. Based on the interaction of the signals with the head, inferences can be made about a parameter of the head, particularly within the skull. In some aspects, an emitter is positioned on one side of the head and a detector is positioned on the opposite side of the head to detect the signals emitted by the head. In other aspects, an emitter and a detector can each be positioned on one side of the head. The assembly according to the invention has proven particularly suitable for the exemplary application of non-invasive determination of intracranial pressure. For determining intracranial pressure, the sensors comprise an emitter as a sensor for outputting ultrasound signals and a detector as a sensor for receiving the output ultrasound signals, which can be positioned on opposite sides of the head using the assembly. The intracranial pressure can be classified based on the transit time of the ultrasound signals through the head. Further preferred aspects of the set are explained below. According to a preferred aspect, the nose bridge is connected to the headband in an area of ​​the headband approximately in the middle between the sensor caps. This relative arrangement of the headband allows the headset to be adapted to the anatomy of the head in such a way that the sensor caps are symmetrically aligned on opposite sides of the head. This is achieved in particular because the nose is positioned approximately in the center of the face. By placing the nose bridge roughly midway between the sensor caps on the headband, the headband is centered on the head. According to a preferred aspect, the headband at least partially circumscribes an axis in a first plane perpendicular to the axis, wherein the nose bridge intersects the first plane, preferably in a direction approximately perpendicular to the first plane. This arrangement ensures that the relative position of the headband and nose bridge is particularly effectively adapted to the anatomy of the head, when the headband partially encircles the head as intended and the nose bridge rests on the back of the nose. In some particularly preferred aspects, the nose bridge can extend from the headband in a direction approximately perpendicular to the first plane. For example, the nose bridge can be designed approximately coaxially in a direction approximately perpendicular to the first plane. According to these aspects, the headband encircles the head approximately in a frontal area, preferably in the forehead area, when the nose bridge is positioned on the bridge of the nose. This leaves the upper half of the head free for other medical measuring devices or invasive devices for treating an injury. In this aspect, the length of the nose bridge can be designed to be particularly short, thereby improving the stability of the fitting, especially the nose bridge. According to a preferred aspect, the nose bridge has an end piece at an end opposite the headband, wherein the end piece has a preferably bow-shaped indentation oriented approximately along the axis, which is designed to prevent a relative movement from the nose bridge to the back of the nose in a direction parallel to a frontal plane of the head and parallel to the first plane. This type of end piece reduces relative movement of the headpiece. This improves the stability of the headpiece's alignment and reduces the possibility of the headpiece shifting. According to a preferred aspect, the nose bridge, starting from the connection to the headband, has a length of 2 cm - 7 cm, preferably about 5 cm or less. In particularly preferred embodiments, the length of the nose bridge is measured in a direction approximately transverse to the first plane between the approximately central area of ​​the headband between the sensor caps and an area of ​​the nose bridge which, according to the application, rests on the back of the nose. The length of the nose bridge at least partially determines the positioning of the headband and thus the sensor caps on the head. The inventors discovered that this design of the nose bridge particularly closely reflects the anatomy of a large number of patients' heads. The sensors can therefore be positioned at predetermined locations on the head for the vast majority of patients. According to one preferred aspect, the sensor caps have a distance of 10 cm - 17 cm, 11 cm - 16 cm or about 13 cm from the nose bridge. In some particularly preferred embodiments, the distance along the headband is measured between a sensor cap and the nose bridge. The distance between the sensor caps and the nose bridge determines their positioning on the head relative to the nose. The inventors have further discovered that this headband design effectively replicates the anatomy of a large number of patients, allowing for precise positioning of the sensor caps. This enables the sensor caps to be positioned at the predetermined locations on the head for the vast majority of patients. For example, the headband can be designed to be positioned approximately parallel to a transverse plane of the head, so that the sensor caps are arranged in an area approximately above the ear canal on opposite sides of the head. In particularly preferred aspects, the headband can be designed such that one sensor cap is located in an area between the T3 and T5 positions, preferably at a distance of 3.5–4.5 cm from the T3 position, and one sensor cap is located between the T4 and T6 positions, preferably at a distance of 3.5–4.5 cm from the T4 position. In particular, one sensor cap can be located in an area of ​​the fascia of the temporalis muscle. In this application, a sensor is inserted through the opening in the sensor cap into the recess of the sensor cap. Once inserted, the sensor is positioned within the recess of the sensor cap. The sensor is then exposed at one front through the opening of the sensor cap, allowing the front of the sensor to rest directly against the head. The sensor is at least partially enclosed on the other sides by the sensor cap, thus holding it in place and allowing it to be pressed against the head by the cap. In particularly preferred aspects, the depth of the recess from the opening to the bottom side is dimensioned such that a sensor inserted into the recess protrudes at least partially beyond an edge of the sensor cap surrounding the opening. This allows the pressure exerted on the head by the headband to be focused on the sensors in the sensor caps. According to this principle, sensors located in the recesses of sensor caps on opposite sides of the head are aligned with each other. Because the sensors in the sensor caps are in direct contact with the head through the openings, it is ensured that signals emitted and detected by the sensors travel directly through the head to the respective opposite sensor without passing through any further sections, such as the sensor cap. According to a preferred aspect, the sensor cap has a preferably approximately hemispherical protrusion at a preferably approximately central position on the bottom side, directed towards the opening, which represents a stop and / or adjustment aid for a sensor. According to this aspect, the sensor's orientation can adapt to the surface of the head, ensuring optimal contact. A sensor positioned in the protrusion is pressed against the head by the sensor cap, which is connected to the headband. The raised section of the cap acts as a stop for the back of the sensor facing away from the head. Thus, a portion of the sensor's back surface contacts the raised section, while the remaining areas of the back surface, which do not contact the raised section, are exposed towards the bottom. This allows the sensor to adjust its orientation so that it remains in contact with the head when pressure is exerted on the front of the sensor by a surface of the head. According to a preferred aspect, each sensor cap has at least one through-hole into the recess through the at least one side surface, wherein the through-hole opens into the opening of the recess via a through-hole area. A sensor can, for example, communicate with a processing unit via a sensor cable to exchange signals. The sensor cable can be connected to the sensor or connectable. A sensor has a front side, which is designed to rest against a head, and a back side opposite the front side. The cable can extend from the sensor in a direction approximately perpendicular to both the front and back sides. When a sensor connected to a sensor cable is inserted through the opening of the recess in the sensor cap, the sensor cable can be inserted through the feed-through opening into the feed-through area simultaneously with the insertion of the sensor. This advantageously guides the sensor cable away from the sensor in the recess and through the sensor cap. Furthermore, the cable is at least partially enclosed by the sensor cap, thus restricting the sensor's movement within the recess. For example, this prevents twisting in a direction perpendicular to the front and back surfaces. According to a preferred aspect, the feedthrough area has a taper relative to the diameter of the feedthrough opening. When a sensor connected to a sensor cable is inserted into the recess in the sensor cap, while the sensor cable is simultaneously guided through the feedthrough area into the feedthrough opening, the sensor cable overcomes the narrowing by exerting force. Once the sensor is positioned in the recess and the sensor cable is in the feedthrough opening, the narrowing prevents the sensor cable from sliding out of the feedthrough opening. This prevents the sensor connected to the sensor cable from sliding out of the recess in the sensor cap. According to a preferred aspect, each sensor cap has a further opening which at least partially exposes the recess through at least one side surface and / or through the bottom side. According to this aspect, a sensor arranged in the recess is at least partially exposed laterally and / or on its rear side by the wider opening of the sensor cap surrounding the sensor. The areas 9 / 2 of the sensor exposed by the wider opening are thus accessible from outside the sensor cap. This makes it easier to remove a sensor from the recess of the sensor cap. According to a preferred aspect, each sensor cap has a further recess on a side opposite the opening of the recess for receiving a magnet. The sensors can preferably be paramagnetic, preferably having a paramagnetic back surface. By positioning a magnet on the side of the sensor cap opposite the opening of the recess, the magnet and the sensor cap are attracted to each other by a magnetic force, so that a force acts on the sensor towards the bottom side and the sensor is held in the recess of the sensor cap. According to a preferred aspect, the assembly comprises a magnet that can be attached to one of the sensor caps, preferably in the further recess. According to a preferred aspect, such a magnet can be attached to the back of the sensor cap via a clamp-like holder. According to another preferred aspect, the magnet can be secured in the further recess, for example by means of an adhesive or a cover that covers the further recess. According to a preferred aspect, the set has at least three preferably clamp-shaped markers which can be attached to different areas on the nose bridge, the headband and / or the sensor caps. These markers are detectable in various imaging techniques. This allows the positioning of the headpiece relative to the head to be represented in an image of the head with the headpiece. For example, the markers are designed so that they are visible in an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan of the head along with the device. This makes the positioning of the device on the head visible in the MRI scan. In this way, the examined areas of the head can be linked to spatial planes of the MRI scan. Furthermore, a three-dimensional view of the visible area of ​​a head with the headgear can be captured. Such a view can preferably be captured and created using a stereo camera or a camera from different perspectives. In a further step, the three-dimensional view of the head with the attachment in the visible area and the image of the head with the attachment acquired via MRI can be superimposed using the markers. This allows information to be obtained about the positioning of the attachment and the areas of the head traversed by the signals. According to a preferred aspect, the markers each have a marker body made of the same material as the nose bridge, headband and / or sensor caps. Preferably, the marker body, nose clip, headband and sensor caps can be made of the same material. The material inside the marker bodies makes the markers, or rather their bodies, more easily distinguishable from the head assembly in an MRI scan. This allows the positioning of the head assembly or sensors to be determined three-dimensionally on the head. According to a preferred aspect, the assembly further comprises at least one preferably disc-shaped pad, which can be attached to one of the sensor caps and / or the headband and has a hole such that, when the pad is attached to the sensor cap and / or the headband, the hole is aligned with the opening of the sensor cap such that a sensor arranged in the recess of the sensor cap rests against the head or scalp over or through the opening and over or through the hole. The edge of the hole in the pad can completely enclose or surround the opening of the sensor cap; for example, the outer diameter of the opening can be smaller than the inner diameter of the hole. The hole and / or opening can be circular. Preferably, the pad can be detachably attached to one of the sensor caps and / or the headband, for example, by means of an adhesive.Preferably, the pad is designed to adhere to the scalp, for example by means of an adhesive. This type of pad is designed to fit between the head and the sensor cap. The hole in the pad exposes a sensor located in a recess in the sensor cap. The pad may be bonded to the sensor cap and / or the sensor bracket, for example. Such a pad improves the adhesion of the sensor cap to the head, thus reducing the risk of the device shifting position. The pad preferably has a relatively high coefficient of friction against the head, particularly the scalp. Furthermore, the pad can be elastically designed so that it compresses when force is applied from both the head and the sensor cap, allowing the sensor to remain in contact with the head. Such a pad could, for example, be made of silicone. According to a preferred aspect, the pad preferably protrudes beyond the lateral edges of the sensor cap and has a gap through which a section of the head or scalp can be marked when the pad is attached to the sensor cap and / or the headband. When the set is placed against the head with such a pad, an area of ​​the head exposed through the gap can be marked. The markings remain visible even after the set is removed, allowing the set to be repositioned on the head in the same way. According to a preferred aspect, the headband comprises: a curved section that preferably circumscribes the axis in an approximately semicircular fashion in the first plane; two approximately straight sections, each of which transitions into the curved area at a first end and at whose opposite second end a sensor cap is located; wherein the two approximately straight sections converge towards each other from their respective first ends. This aspect ensures that the pressure exerted by the headband is focused on the sensor caps and the sensors located within them. According to a preferred aspect, the approximately straight sections each enclose an angle of 75°-85°, 77°-83° or approximately 80°, with a second plane oriented perpendicular to the first plane through the first ends of the two approximately straight sections. The inventors have discovered that such an angle ensures that sufficient pressure can be applied to a large number of patients while avoiding contact between the headband and the head, as the headband runs approximately semicircularly between the respective first ends. According to a preferred aspect, the headband is elastic, preferably designed as a bending spring. The assembly can, for example, be designed such that a diameter measured between the opposing sensor caps is smaller than a transverse diameter of the head, preferably in an area above the ear canals. The elasticity and resulting restoring force of the headband ensure that it presses the sensor caps and the sensors inside them against the sides of the head. This allows the device to be fixed to the patient's head, at least temporarily. According to a preferred aspect, the headband, nose bridge, and sensor caps are preferably formed in one piece from the same material. In other preferred aspects, embodiments are also possible in which the headband, nose bridge, and sensor caps are formed from different parts and / or different materials and can be fixed to one another. This ensures sufficient rigidity of the assembly, preventing changes in the position of the sensor caps between individual measurements. The assembly is preferably designed such that the relative positions of the sensor caps, headband, and nose bridge are unchangeable between individual measurements. This means that the positions of the sensor caps, headband, and nose bridge are consistent, at least between individual measurements. According to a preferred aspect, the sensor caps, headband, and nose bridge are formed as a single piece or at least are fixed to one another. According to a preferred aspect, the material is a biocompatible material, preferably a polyamide PA12, and particularly preferably PA2200. Biocompatible material does not trigger any toxicological processes. This makes it comfortable against the skin and relatively lightweight. Such a material is particularly advantageous when the headpiece is worn for extended periods. Furthermore, such a material is suitable for allowing MRI measurements to be performed on the head with the device attached to the head, as it has no magnetic or paramagnetic properties. In other aspects, a particularly advantageous sensor cap is provided for positioning sensors on a head. The problem is further solved by a sensor cap according to claim 22. This type of sensor cap is designed to accommodate a sensor within a recess. The opening exposes the front of the sensor, allowing it to rest against a patient's head. The sensor is held in position within the recess by its base and at least one side surface. When the sensor is positioned with its front side against a surface of the head, the sensor can adjust its orientation to the surface of the head. When a sensor connected to a sensor cable is inserted through the opening of the recess into the sensor cap, the sensor cable can be inserted through the feedthrough opening into the feedthrough area simultaneously with the insertion of the sensor. This advantageously guides the sensor cable away from the sensor in the recess and through the sensor cap. Furthermore, the cable is at least partially enclosed by the sensor cap, thus restricting the sensor's movement within the recess. For example, this avoids twisting in the direction perpendicular to the front and back. According to a preferred aspect, the feedthrough area has a taper relative to the diameter of the feedthrough opening. The tapered design holds the sensor cable connected to the sensor in the feedthrough opening. This allows the sensor, connected to the sensor cable, to be held in the recess. The areas of the sensor exposed by the wider opening are accessible from outside the sensor cap. This makes it easier to remove the sensor from the recess in the sensor cap. Furthermore, heat dissipation from the sensor is improved, as these areas are not enclosed by the sensor cap. According to a preferred aspect, the sensor cap has a further recess with a magnet on one side opposite the opening of the recess. By positioning a magnet on the side of the sensor cap opposite the opening of the recess, the magnet and the sensor cap are pulled together by a magnetic force, so that a force acts on the sensor in the direction of the bottom side and the sensor is held in the recess. Furthermore, the aforementioned problem is solved by a method according to claim 26 for manufacturing the previously described assembly according to the invention or for manufacturing a sensor cap according to the invention, the method comprising manufacturing the assembly or the sensor cap by means of 3D printing. This manufacturing process allows for the particularly efficient and patient-specific production of both the fitting and the sensor cap. In particular, 3D printing enables the fitting and sensor caps to be manufactured very effectively as single pieces. Furthermore, the problem is solved by using the inventive assembly described above according to claim 27. By using such a set, sensors located in the sensor caps can be applied to opposite areas of the head for measurement. According to a preferred aspect, inserting at least one sensor into a recess of a sensor cap comprises: During the insertion of the at least one sensor into the recess of a sensor cap, passing a sensor cable connected to the sensor through the feedthrough area into the feedthrough opening in order to snap the cable through the tapered section. This allows a sensor to be held in the recess of the sensor cap. According to a preferred aspect, inserting at least one sensor into a recess of a sensor cap comprises: inserting the at least one sensor into the recess of a sensor cap until a rear side of the sensor abuts the bottom side or the protrusion. The stop against the raised area allows the sensor to adjust its orientation under the influence of pressure exerted on the sensor by the head. Further properties, features, and advantages of the invention will be clarified below by describing preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows an exemplary perspective view of a set. Fig. 2 shows an exemplary top view of a set. Fig. 3 shows an exemplary enlarged view of a sensor cap. Fig. 4 shows an exemplary perspective view of a set with markers. The features disclosed in the foregoing description, the figures, and the claims can be important for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments, both individually and in any combination. Reference symbols in the figures refer to the same elements. Fig. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of a set 1 for positioning sensors on opposite areas of a head. The assembly 1 comprises a headband 2 that at least partially circumscribes an axis A in a first plane perpendicular to the axis A. At opposite ends of the headband 2 are two sensor caps 3 for receiving at least one sensor each. The assembly 1 also comprises a nose bridge 4, which extends from an approximately central area between the sensor caps 3 in a direction approximately perpendicular to the headband 2. The nose bridge 4 has a preferably bow-shaped end piece 5 at one end opposite the headband 2 for receiving the dorsum of the nose of a head. The headband 2 is dimensioned such that the sensor caps 3 are positioned on opposite areas of the head, preferably in an area between the T3 and T5 positions in the 10-20 system and in an area between the T4 and T6 positions in the 10-20 system, when the headband 2 at least partially encircles the head and the nose bridge 4 is supported with the end piece 5 on the back of the nose. According to a preferred aspect, the distance between the sensor caps 3 is smaller than a transverse diameter of the head preferably measured between the area between the T3 and T5 positions and the area between the T4 and T6 positions in the 10-20 system. Furthermore, the headband 1 is elastically formed, preferably in one piece, so that the sensor caps 3 with sensors contained therein are pressed laterally against the opposite areas of the head. The sensor caps 3 are designed to each accommodate an approximately cylindrical sensor. To accommodate such a sensor, a sensor cap 3 has a recess 6, which is bounded towards the head by an opening 7 and on a side surface 9 of the sensor cap 3 that at least partially surrounds the recess, and on a bottom surface 8 of the sensor cap 3 opposite the opening 7, is bounded by the sensor cap 3. The opening 7 is designed to allow a sensor to be inserted through it into the recess 6. A sensor positioned in the recess 6 is then exposed through the surrounding opening 7 towards the head, so that a front face of the sensor can rest against the head, with the sensor laterally bounded by the side surface 9 and the bottom surface 8 of the sensor cap 3. This holds the sensor in the sensor cap 3 when the assembly 1 rests against the head. The openings 7 of the two sensor caps 3 face each other. The sensors arranged in the recesses 6 can thus be aligned with each other. Furthermore, a sensor cap 3 has at least one, preferably two, through-holes 11 through the side surface of the sensor cap 3 for a sensor cable connected to the sensor. One through-hole is designed to guide a sensor cable connected to the sensor laterally out of the sensor cap. The two feedthrough openings 12 can be spaced apart from each other in the direction of rotation. This allows for different radial orientations of the sensors in the recess 6. A feedthrough opening 11 leads via a feedthrough area 12 into the opening 7 of the sensor cap 3. The feedthrough area 12 and the feedthrough opening 11 are designed such that a sensor cable connected to the sensor can be pushed from the opening 7 through the feedthrough area 12 into the feedthrough opening 11 when the sensor is pushed through the opening 7 into the recess 6. This guides the sensor cable laterally away from the sensor through the sensor cap 3. The sensor cable is at least partially enclosed by the sensor cap 3, which holds the sensor in position. The feedthrough opening 11 has a taper 13 relative to its diameter, preventing a sensor cable from sliding directly through the feedthrough area 12 from the feedthrough opening 11 towards the opening 7. This allows a sensor connected to the sensor cable to be fixed in the recess 6. Furthermore, a sensor cap 3 has a further opening 14 which at least partially exposes the recess 6 through the side surface 9 and the bottom surface 8 of the sensor cap 3. This at least partially exposes a sensor located in the recess 6. Fig. 2 shows a top view of set 1 in Fig. 1 . The headband 2 has a curved section 16 that at least partially circumscribes the axis A in the first plane. The curved section 16 is preferably semicircular. Furthermore, the headband 2 has two approximately straight sections 17 that extend in the first plane. The two approximately straight sections 17 each transition into the curved section 16 at a first end and terminate at a second end, opposite the first end, in a sensor cap 3. In the top view, it can be seen that the two approximately straight sections 17 converge towards each other from their respective first ends in the first plane. The top view shows that the distance measured between the sensor caps 3 is less than the radial diameter of the curved area 16 measured between the first ends of the respective approximately straight sections 17. This focuses the pressure exerted on the head onto the sensor caps 3 or onto the sensors in the sensor caps 3. Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a sensor cap 3 of the set 1 shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. The figure shows that the sensor cap 3 has an approximately cylindrical recess 6, which is bounded on one side by a circumferential opening 7 and on the opposite side by a bottom surface 8 of the sensor cap 3 and laterally by a circumferential side surface 9 of the sensor cap 3. The recess 6 thus formed in the sensor cap 3 serves to receive a sensor. Furthermore, the sensor cap 3 has an approximately hemispherical protrusion 10 on the bottom side 8, directed towards the opening, which forms a stop for a sensor. When a sensor's back surface contacts the approximately hemispherical protrusion 10 in a first area, a region of the sensor's back surface surrounding this first area is spaced away from the bottom surface 8 of the sensor cap 3. When a pressure force is exerted on the sensor by the head in the direction of the bottom surface, the sensor can thus adjust its orientation within the recess 6. Furthermore, the feedthrough openings 11 are visible through the side surface 9 of the sensor cap 3, which lead into the opening 7 via the feedthrough area 12. The feedthrough area 12 has a taper 13. The taper 13 is formed by opposing areas of the sensor cap 3, which have a distance between them that is less than the diameter of the feedthrough opening 11. To form a taper, the opposite lateral areas of the sensor cap can have a chamfer towards the opening 7, so that when inserting the sensor cable into the feedthrough opening 11 through the feedthrough area 12, it can be guided more easily from the opening 7 towards the feedthrough opening 12 into the feedthrough opening 12. In addition, a further recess 14 of the sensor cap 3 is visible, which at least partially exposes the recess 6 through the bottom side 8 of the sensor cap 3 and the side surface 9 of the sensor cap 3. Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a set 1 in combination with markers 15. The markers 15 are shaped approximately like clips and can be attached to various areas of the set 1. The markers 15 are preferably made of the same material as the set 1. In some examples, a marker 15 can be attached to an approximately central area of ​​the nose bridge 4, and at least two further markers 15 can be attached to different areas of the headband 2. In other examples, the at least two markers 15 can each be attached to a side of a sensor cap 3 facing away from the head. In still other examples, several markers 15 can be attached to different areas of the headband 1 on the sensor caps 3, on the headband 2, and on the nose bridge 4. Markers 15 are particularly visible in an MRI scan of the head with set 1 attached, so that the position of set 1 and in relation to information about the head can be determined in the MRI scan. The above descriptions illustrate features of various aspects or embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention. However, it is clear that other aspects and embodiments than those described in detail may also be the subject matter of the invention, which is defined by the scope of protection set forth in the accompanying claims. List of reference symbols 1 Set 2 Headband 3 Sensor caps 4 Nose clip 5 End piece 6 Recess 7 Opening 8 Bottom 9 Side surface 10 Raised section 11 Feed-through opening 12 Feed-through area 13 Tapered section 14 Further opening 15 Marker 16 Curved section 17 Straight section A axis

Claims

Assembly (1) for positioning sensors on opposite areas of a head, the assembly (1) comprising: - a headband (2) designed to at least partially encircle the head; - sensor caps (3) arranged on opposite areas of the headband (2) for receiving at least one of the sensors each; and - a nose bridge (4) connected to the headband (2) designed to support the headband (2) on the back of the nose of the head; wherein each sensor cap (3) comprises a preferably approximately cylindrical recess (6) for receiving a sensor, which has an opening (7) on one side and is at least partially bounded by the sensor cap (3) on a bottom side (8) opposite the opening and on at least one side surface (9) of the sensor cap (3); characterized in that the openings (7) of the sensor caps (3) face each other. The set according to claim 1, wherein the nose bridge (4) is connected to the headband (2) in a region of the headband (2) approximately midway between the sensor caps (3). A set according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the headband (2) at least partially circumscribes an axis (A) in a first plane perpendicular to the axis (A), and wherein the nose bridge (4) intersects the first plane, preferably in a direction approximately perpendicular to the first plane. Set (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the nose bridge (4) has an end piece (5) at an end opposite the headband (2), wherein the end piece (5) has a preferably bow-shaped indentation oriented approximately along the axis (A), which is designed to prevent a relative movement from the nose bridge (4) to the back of the nose in a direction parallel to a frontal plane of the head and parallel to the first plane. Set (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the nose bridge (4), starting from the connection to the headband (2), has a length of 2 cm - 7 cm, preferably about 5 cm or less. Assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor caps (3) have a distance of 10 cm - 17 cm, preferably 11 cm - 16 cm to the nose bridge (4). Assembly (1) according to one of claims 1-6, wherein the sensor cap (3) has a preferably approximately hemispherical protrusion (10) directed towards the opening (7) at a preferably approximately central position on the bottom side (8), which serves as a stop and / or adjustment aid for a sensor. Assembly (1) according to one of claims 1-7, wherein each sensor cap (3) has at least one through-opening (11) into the recess (6) through the at least one side surface (9), wherein the through-opening (11) opens into the opening (7) of the recess (6) via a through-area (12). Assembly (1) according to claim 8, wherein the passage area (12) has a taper (13) relative to the diameter of the passage opening (11). Assembly (1) according to one of claims 1-9, wherein each sensor cap (3) has a further opening (14) which at least partially exposes the recess (6) through the at least one side surface (9) and / or through the bottom side (8). Assembly (1) according to one of claims 1-10, wherein each sensor cap (3) has a further recess for receiving a magnet on a side opposite the opening (7) of the recess (6). Assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a magnet which can be attached to one of the sensor caps (3), preferably in the further recess (6). Assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the assembly (1) has at least three preferably clamp-shaped markers (15) which can be attached to different areas on the nose bridge (4), the headband (2) and / or the sensor caps (3). Set (1) according to claim 13, wherein the markers (15) each have a marker body made of the same material as the nose bridge (4), the headband (2) and / or the sensor caps (3). Assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one preferably approximately disc-shaped pad which can be attached to one of the sensor caps (3) and / or the headband (2) and which has a hole, such that when the pad is attached to the sensor cap (3) and / or the headband (2), the hole is aligned with the opening (7) of the sensor cap (3) in such a way that a sensor arranged in the recess (6) of the sensor cap (3) rests on the scalp via the opening (7) and via the hole. The set according to claim 15, wherein the pad extends beyond the lateral edges of the sensor cap (3) and has a gap through which a section of the head can be marked when the pad is attached to the sensor cap (3) and / or the headband (2). Assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the headband (2) comprises: - a curved section (16) which preferably circumscribes the axis (A) in an approximately semicircular manner in the first plane, - two approximately straight sections (17) which each transition into the curved area (16) at a first end and at whose opposite second end a sensor cap (3) is located, wherein the two approximately straight sections (17) converge towards each other from their respective first ends. Assembly (1) according to claim 17, wherein the approximately straight sections (17) each enclose an angle of approximately 75°-85°, preferably approximately 80°, with a second plane oriented perpendicular to the first plane by the first ends of the two approximately straight sections (17). Set (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the headband (2) is elastically designed, preferably as a bending spring. Set (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the headband (2), the nose bridge (4) and the sensor caps (3) are preferably formed in one piece from the same material. Set (1) according to claim 20, wherein the material is a biocompatible material, preferably a polyamide PA12, particularly preferably PA2200. Sensor cap (3) for receiving at least one sensor, the sensor cap (3) comprising: a preferably approximately cylindrical recess (6) for receiving a sensor, wherein the recess (6) has an opening (7) on one side and is at least partially bounded by the sensor cap (3) on a bottom side (8) opposite the opening (7) and on at least one side surface (9) of the sensor cap (3);characterized in that the sensor cap (3) has a preferably approximately hemispherical projection (10) directed towards the opening (7) at a preferably approximately central position on the bottom side (8), which forms a stop for a sensor, and / or that the sensor cap (3) has a through-opening (11) into the recess (6) through the at least one side surface (9), wherein the through-opening (11) opens into the opening (7) of the recess (6) via a through-area (12), and / or that the sensor cap (3) has a further opening (14) which at least partially exposes the recess (6) through the at least one side surface (9) and / or through the bottom side (8). Sensor cap (3) according to claim 22, wherein the feedthrough area (12) has a taper (13) relative to the diameter of the feedthrough opening (11). Sensor cap (3) according to one of claims 22-23, wherein the sensor cap (3) has a further recess with a magnet on a side opposite the opening (7) of the recess (6). The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 21 or the sensor cap according to any one of claims 22 to 24, further comprising the at least one sensor arranged in one of the sensor caps or in the sensor cap. Method for manufacturing a set (1) according to claim 1-21 or 25 or for manufacturing a sensor cap (3) according to claim 22-25, the method comprising manufacturing the set (1) or the sensor cap (3) by means of 3D printing. Use of a set (1) according to one of claims 1-21 or 25, comprising the steps: - Inserting at least one sensor into a recess (6) of a sensor cap (3), - Positioning the set (1) on the head so that the sensors in the sensor caps (3) are in contact with the head on opposite sides and the nose bridge (4) rests on the back of the nose. Use according to claim 27, wherein the insertion of at least one sensor into a recess (6) of a sensor cap (3) comprises: During the insertion of the at least one sensor into the recess (6) of a sensor cap (3), passing a sensor cable connected to the sensor through the feedthrough area (12) into the feedthrough opening (11) in order to snap the cable through the tapered section. Use according to claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the insertion of at least one sensor into a recess (6) of a sensor cap (3) comprises: Inserting the at least one sensor into the recess (6) of a sensor cap (3) until a rear side of the sensor abuts the bottom side (8) or the protrusion (10).

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