Input device with improved definition of an associated actuator for generating haptic feedback, associated use and assembly method

Abstract

The invention relates to an input device (1), comprising: a carrier (3) for securing the input device (1) to a supporting component, in particular a motor vehicle component; a panel (2) forming an operating surface (2a, 2b) and / or carrying an operating part; elastic support means (10) for the movable and restoring support of the panel (2) on the carrier (3); an actuator (11) secured to the panel (2) for shock and / or vibration excitation of the panel (2) in order to generate haptic feedback for an operator touching the operating surface (2a, 2b) or the operating part; wherein locking means (6) are provided on the panel (2) which, in an associated locking position, secure the actuator (11) to the panel (2) in a form-fitting manner, and furthermore blocking means (5, 12) are provided in order to block at least the locking means (6) in the locking position by the blocking means (5, 12); an associated use and an associated assembly method.

Description

The invention relates to an input device having an actuator for generating haptic feedback. Operators are accustomed to undergoing a haptically noticeable acknowledgment after carrying out an operator input. In the case of operating parts which can be displaced mechanically from a rest position into an actuation position counter to a restoring force, the displacement can usually be perceived haptically, with the result that active feedback, i.e. feedback generated by an actuator, is generally unnecessary. The situation is different for input devices that do not require any mechanics, such as input devices with a touch-sensitive input surface, in which a touch of the input surface is detected, for example, capacitively, optically or resistively. Here, generation of a haptic feedback, which is also referred to as active haptic feedback, is absolutely necessary for acknowledgment of the operating input carried out in order reliably to avoid incorrect operations. For this purpose, electromechanical oscillation exciters, so-called actuators, are usually used in order to generate a movement, which can be detected by the operator, of the touch or actuation surface provided on the input device, for example the panel. In most cases, lack of installation space prevents direct excitation of the component forming the operating or actuating surface, such as the panel, but rather a transmission via a plurality of components toward the component actually provided for the actuation or contact is necessary, since the actuator is usually arranged on the side of the input device facing away from the operator. The problem here is the fixing of the actuator. A cohesive connection, for example by adhesive bonding, has the disadvantage that the fastening is not reversible, correction or readjustment of the fixing is possible only to a limited extent, in particular if the curing process is intended to be short in time with the aim of short handling times in manual or automated assembly. However, this not only affects the production time, in particular the production cycle, but the production costs increase because of the additional outlay, such as surface pretreatment, thermal or UV curing, etc.Input devices of the generic type or assembly methods of the generic type are known from DE 10 2016 125 222 B4 and JP 2007-37 394 A. In particular, DE 10 2016 125 222 B4 discloses, as distinguished from its combination, an input device having a base part, a carrier, a handle mounted pivotably on the trailer, means for detecting the position of the handle and at least one magnet pair made of a first magnet assigned to the handle and a second magnet assigned to the base part, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet are arranged at a distance from one another across an air gap at least in a position of the handle, in order to bring about haptic feedback and / or resetting when the handle is actuated, wherein adjusting means are provided, in order to adjust the clear distance between the first magnet and the second magnet of the magnet pair by adjusting the adjusting means.Against this background, it is the object of the present invention to provide an input device with improved fixing of an associated actuator for generating haptic feedback, which in particular allows a simplified, faster, reversible and / or readjustment of the actuator. This object is achieved by an input device of claim 1. A correspondingly advantageous use and a correspondingly advantageous mounting method are respectively the subject matter of the subordinate claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the respective dependent claims. It should be pointed out that the features listed individually in the patent claims can be combined with one another in any desired, technologically meaningful manner and reveal further embodiments of the invention. The description, in particular in connection with the figures, additionally characterizes and specifies the invention.The invention relates to an input device. The input device according to the invention has a carrier for fixing the input device to a load-bearing component, in particular to a vehicle component, such as to a dashboard or a cladding of the passenger compartment. For example, the carrier is formed from a thermoplastic or ZAMAK.Furthermore, according to the invention, a panel forming an operating surface and / or carrying an operating part is provided. For example, the panel has a viewing surface facing the operator, which comprises a touch-sensitive operating surface and / or a fixed handle or electromechanical operating part with an adjustable operating part is arranged on the viewing surface. According to the invention, elastic support means are provided for movably and resiliently supporting the diaphragm on the carrier. The supporting means are formed, for example, from an elastic material, such as a metal or a metallic alloy. The support means are preferably designed to be vibration-damping; for example, the support means are formed from an elastic and in the process vibration-damping material, such as an elastomer.According to the invention, an actuator for exciting impacts and / or oscillations of the panel, which actuator is accommodated in a receiving space of the panel, is also provided in order to induce haptic feedback for an operator touching the operating surface or the operating part. For example, the receiving space is a cavity bounded on at least two opposite sides by the panel. The actuator is preferably arranged on the side of the panel facing away from the operator. Preferably, the actuator is a piezoelectric actuator, an eccentrically vibrating mass (ERM) vibration motor, or a linear resonance (LRA) actuator. For example, it is an actuator that acts between the carrier and the diaphragm and is supported on both. Preferably, it is an actuator supported exclusively on the panel. For example, the actuator has in each case a coil, the electromagnetic field of which, generated by the coil, is designed and arranged for interaction with an armature. It is preferably a plunger-type actuator which is also known to the person skilled in the art under the English name "voice coil actuator".According to the invention, latching means are provided on the panel, which, in an associated latching position, fix the actuator to the panel in a form-fitting manner. Furthermore, according to the invention, blocking means are also provided in order to block the latching means by the blocking means at least in the latching position. This achieves a fixing of the actuator on the panel secured by the blocking means. A cohesive connection between the actuator and the cover, for example by means of an adhesive layer, can be dispensed with entirely, with the result that the fixing is preferably effected without adhesive. Namely, adhesive not only influences the coupling between the aperture and the actuator, but is at least subject to an age-related or environment-dependent deterioration of its mechanical properties and its adhesion. Moreover, gluing the actuator considerably complicates the associated assembly process, since, in addition to the necessary process-related outlay, such as plasma surface pretreatment, a curing time which must necessarily be provided imposes a resting time on the assembly process, which complicates the material and product handling in the production process. In addition, a locking connection can be produced more quickly, reversibly and readjusted.Preferably, the blocking means are further configured to effect a force-locking fixing of the actuator by the latching means resting against the actuator in the latching position. For example, the blocking means bias the actuator against the panel via the latching means, in particular the blocking means bring about the play-free positioning of the actuator arranged in the receiving space in at least one direction, preferably in at least two orthogonal directions.In a preferred embodiment that is simple to produce, the blocking means is formed integrally with the panel, in particular a component of the panel. For example, by hot forming the panel material, the blocking means is formed such that the effect on the latching means is established.According to a preferred embodiment, the blocking means comprise a pin with a head and an associated bore in the aperture for the form-fitting, force-fitting or material-fitting fixing of the pin in the bore. According to a further embodiment, the blocking means comprise a screw with a head and an associated bore in the panel for the form-fitting, force-fitting or material-bonding fixing of the screw in the bore. Preferably, it is a screw with self-tapping thread. The head is provided, for example, with an engagement for a tool.Preferably, at least the head interacts with the latching means in an end position. For example, the head bears directly against a latching nose belonging to the latching means. The head may be formed by hot working or the like.The actuator can preferably be inserted into the receiving space along an insertion direction, wherein in an insertion end position of the actuator the actuator is engaged behind by the latching means, in particular the latching nose, in order to fix the actuator in the direction opposite the insertion direction. Preferably, the blocking means are designed to fix the actuator in the direction perpendicular to the insertion direction, preferably in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the insertion direction, by means of the latching means in a force-fit manner, preferably in a play-free manner.A deflection or oscillation direction, preferably at least the main deflection or main oscillation direction, of the actuator is preferably perpendicular to the insertion direction.An axial direction of the bore, which is predetermined for example by the longest direction of extent of the bore, is preferably parallel to the insertion direction.Preferably, the panel has, on its side facing away from the operator, a frame which forms ribs delimiting the receiving space. The frame is formed, for example, at least partially from a translucent or transparent material in order to provide a light guide. This serves, for example, for backlighting a lighting surface assigned to the operator control surfaces with the light of a light source fixed on the carrier.Preferably, at least one of the ribs of the frame forms a stop surface, for example by a web extending perpendicular to the insertion direction, for presetting the insertion end position. This ensures the positioning accuracy of the actuator, since the position of the actuator is thereby exclusively predefined by the frame and is thus not influenced by the relative arrangement of the frame with respect to another component of the panel, for example. Preferably, at least the frame is produced in a single injection molding step.The invention further relates to the use of the input device in one of the embodiments described above in a motor vehicle.The invention further relates to an assembly method for an input device, comprising the following steps. In a provision step, a screen forming an operating surface and / or carrying an operating part is provided. In a subsequent fastening step, an actuator for exciting the impact and / or vibration of the panel is fastened to the panel in order to generate haptic feedback for an operator touching the operating surface or the operating part. Preferably, the actuator is fastened with the panel on the side of the panel facing away from the operator. Preferably, the actuator is a piezoelectric actuator, an eccentrically vibrating mass (ERM) vibration motor, or a linear resonance (LRA) actuator. For example, it is an actuator that acts between the carrier and the diaphragm and is supported on both. Preferably, it is an actuator supported exclusively on the panel. For example, the actuator has in each case a coil, the electromagnetic field of which, generated by the coil, is designed and arranged for interaction with an armature. It is preferably a plunger-type actuator which is also known to the person skilled in the art under the English name "voice coil actuator".According to the invention, the fastening step of the assembly method includes an introduction of the actuator along an introduction direction into a receiving space formed on the panel and a subsequent latching of latching means provided by the panel, which latching means, in an associated latching position, fix the actuator at least positively to the panel. According to the invention, the fastening further includes a blocking that is simultaneous or subsequent to the latching, wherein blocking means block the latching means located in the latching position in the latching position thereof.Furthermore, a fixing step is provided which follows the fixing of the actuator or proceeds with the fixing of the actuator, in which a carrier which is designed for fixing the input device to a supporting component, in particular to a motor vehicle component, is fixed to the panel via elastic support means for the movable and restoring support of the panel on the carrier.By the locking following the latching in the fastening step according to the invention, a fixing of the actuator on the panel secured by the blocking means is achieved. A cohesive connection between the actuator and the cover, for example by means of an adhesive layer, can be dispensed with entirely, with the result that the fixing is preferably effected without adhesive. Namely, adhesive not only influences the coupling between the aperture and the actuator, but is at least subject to an age-related or environmental-dependent deterioration of its mechanical properties and its adhesion. Moreover, gluing the actuator considerably complicates the associated assembly process, since, in addition to the necessary process-related outlay, such as plasma surface pretreatment, a curing time which must necessarily be provided imposes a resting time on the assembly process, which complicates the material and product handling in the production process. In addition, a locking connection can be produced more quickly, reversibly and readjusted.Preferably, the blocking means are further configured to effect a force-locking fixing of the actuator by the latching means resting on the actuator in the latching position during the blocking. For example, the blocking means bias the actuator against the panel via the latching means, in particular the blocking means bring about the play-free positioning of the actuator arranged in the receiving space in at least one direction, preferably in at least two orthogonal directions.Preferably, the blocking means are further configured to effect a force-locking fixing of the actuator by the latching means resting against the actuator in the latching position. For example, the blocking means bias the actuator against the panel via the latching means, in particular the blocking means bring about the play-free positioning of the actuator arranged in the receiving space in at least one direction, preferably in at least two orthogonal directions.In a preferred embodiment that is simple to produce, the blocking means is formed integrally with the panel, in particular a component of the panel. For example, by hot forming the panel material, the blocking means is formed such that the effect on the latching means is established.According to a preferred embodiment, the blocking means comprise a pin with a head and an associated bore in the aperture for the form-fitting, force-fitting or material-fitting fixing of the pin in the bore. According to a further embodiment, the blocking means comprise a screw with a head and an associated bore in the panel for the form-fitting, force-fitting or material-bonding fixing of the screw in the bore. Preferably, it is a screw with self-tapping thread. The head is provided, for example, with an engagement for a tool.Preferably, at least the head interacts with the latching means in an end position. For example, the head bears directly against a latching nose belonging to the latching means. The head may be formed by hot working or the like.Preferably, in an insertion end position of the actuator, the actuator is engaged behind by the latching means, in particular by the latching lug belonging to the latching means, in order to fix the actuator in the direction opposite to the insertion direction. Preferably, the blocking means are designed to fix the actuator in a force-fit manner, preferably in a play-free manner, in the direction perpendicular to the insertion direction, preferably in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the insertion direction.A deflection or oscillation direction, preferably at least the main deflection or main oscillation direction, of the actuator is preferably perpendicular to the insertion direction.An axial direction of the bore, which is predetermined for example by the longest direction of extent of the bore, is preferably parallel to the insertion direction.Preferably, the panel has, on its side facing away from the operator, a frame which forms ribs delimiting the receiving space. The frame is formed, for example, at least partially from a translucent or transparent material in order to provide a light guide. This serves, for example, for backlighting a lighting surface assigned to the operator control surfaces with the light of a light source fixed on the carrier.Preferably, at least one of the ribs of the frame forms a stop surface, for example by a web extending perpendicular to the insertion direction, for presetting the insertion end position. This ensures the positioning accuracy of the actuator, since the position of the actuator is thereby exclusively predefined by the frame and is thus not influenced by the relative arrangement of the frame with respect to another component of the panel, for example. Preferably, at least the frame is produced in a single injection molding step.The invention and the technical field are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. It should be noted that the figures show a particularly preferred embodiment variant of the invention, but this is not limited thereto. They show schematically: FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the input device 1 according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows a sectional view, corresponding to FIG. 1, of the embodiment of the input device 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1.FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the input device 1 according to the invention. the input device 1 according to the invention has a carrier 3 for fixing the input device 1 to a vehicle component, such as a dashboard or a cladding of the passenger compartment. For example, the carrier 3 is formed from a thermoplastic or ZAMAK. Furthermore, according to the invention, a panel 2 is provided which is mounted on the carrier 3 movably and restoringly by means of elastic support means 10. The support means 9 are formed, for example, from an elastic and in the process vibration-damping material, such as an elastomer. The panel 2 forms a plurality of operator control surfaces 2 a, 2 bon the side facing the operator and facing away from the carrier 3. In the embodiment shown here, a capacitive touch sensor system, only partially shown in FIG. 2, is provided for detecting an approach or touch of the input surfaces 2 a, 2 b. In addition to an evaluation electronics unit, not shown, the capacitive touch sensor system comprises an electrode arrangement applied to a film substrate 2 d. This film substrate 2 d carrying the electron arrangement is front-injection-molded with a thermoplastic in the embodiment shown in order to form a panel plate 2 cwhich forms the viewing surface of the panel 2 containing the operator control surfaces 2 a, 2 b. By means of the electrode arrangements, for example, one or more electrical measurement fields are generated, which are superimposed on the operator control surfaces 2 a, 2 b, between in each case an electrode located on the film substrate 2 band a counter electrode which is not necessarily located on the film substrate and to which one or more measurement capacitances are assigned, the influence of which can be detected by the approach or contact of the respective operator control surface 2 a, 2 bby means of the evaluation electronics which are not illustrated. In the present embodiment, the evaluation electronics are therefore configured to generate a control signal for an actuator 11 in the event of a positive detection of a contact, which control signal, when this control signal is applied, causes a mechanical vibration or impact excitation of the panel 2, which can be perceived haptically by the operator for confirming the contact. Therefore, the actuator 11 for exciting the impact and / or vibration of the panel 2 is fixed to the panel 2, in order to induce, in particular, haptic feedback for the operator touching the operating surface 2 a, 2 b. As shown in FIG. 2, the actuator 11 is arranged on the side of the panel 2 facing away from the operator. Here, the actuator 11 is a so-called "voice coil actuator", which is supported exclusively on the diaphragm 2.To fix the actuator 11, latching means 6 in the form of a latching nose are provided on the panel 2 and, in an associated latching position, fix the actuator 11 to the panel 2 in a form-fitting manner. Furthermore, blocking means 5, 12 are also provided in order not only to block the latching nose of the latching means 5 by the blocking means 5, 12 in the latching position, but to bring about a force-locking fixing of the actuator 11 by the latching means 6 which lie against the actuator 11 in the latching position. For this purpose, the blocking means 5, 12 have a screw 5 having a head 5 awith self-tapping thread and an associated bore 12 for receiving the screw 5. Here, the head 5 aof the blocking means 5, 12 prestresses the latching lug belonging to the latching means 6 against the actuator 11, wherein the head 5 aacts directly on the latching lug of the latching means 6 at the latest when screwing in the end position is reached.This achieves a fixing of the actuator 11 to the panel 2 secured by the blocking means 5, 12. A cohesive connection between the actuator 11 and the cover 2, for example by means of an adhesive layer, can be completely dispensed with, so that the fixing is preferably effected without adhesive. Adhesive namely influences not only the coupling between the cover 2 and the actuator 11 but is subject to at least an age-related or environment-dependent deterioration of its mechanical properties and its adhesion. Moreover, gluing the actuator 11 considerably complicates the associated assembly process, since, in addition to the necessary process-related outlay, such as plasma surface pretreatment, a curing time which must necessarily be provided imposes a resting time on the assembly process, which complicates the material and product handling in the production process. In addition, a locking connection can be produced more quickly, reversibly and readjusted.As further shown in FIG. 2, the panel 2 has, on its side facing away from the operator, a frame 4 which is connected to the film substrate 2 din a materially bonded manner, for example by injection molding the film substrate 2 dback with a thermoplastic. In addition to the borehole 12 of the blocking means 5, 12 and the latching nose of the latching means 6, the frame 4 forms a plurality of ribs 7 a, 7 bwhich delimit a receiving space 8 for receiving the actuator 11. The latching lug of the latching means 6 is formed, for example, by the free end of the rib 7 aof the ribs 7 a, 7 b.The frame 4 is formed, for example, at least partially from a translucent or transparent material in order to provide a light guide. This serves, for example, for backlighting a lighting surface assigned to the operating surface 2 a, 2 bwith the light of a light source, not shown, fixed on the carrier 3.The actuator 11 can be inserted into a receiving space 8 formed on the panel 2 along an insertion direction E, wherein, in an insertion end position of the actuator 11 shown in FIG. 2, the latching means 6, here the latching nose, engage behind the actuator 11 in order to fix the actuator 11 in the direction opposite to the insertion direction E. The main deflection or main oscillation direction of the actuator 11 is perpendicular to the insertion direction E in order to minimize the permanent load of the latching means 6 or blocking means 5, 12 in the direction perpendicular to the insertion direction E. Therefore, the axial direction of the bore 12 is likewise parallel to the insertion direction E. Furthermore, the blocking means 5, 12 are designed to fix the actuator 11 in a force-fit manner, preferably in a manner that sets free of play, in the direction perpendicular to the insertion direction, in that the head 4 aacts directly on the latching lug of the latching means 6 and prestresses the latter against the actuator 11.To define an insertion end position, the rib 7 bof the ribs 7 a, 7 bof the frame 8 forms an abutment surface by a web 9 projecting perpendicularly to the insertion direction E. This ensures the positioning accuracy of the actuator 11, since the position of the actuator 11 is thereby exclusively predefined by the frame 4 and is thus not influenced by the relative arrangement of the frame 4 to another component of the panel 2, for example.

Claims

Input device (1), comprising: a carrier (3) for fixing the input device (1) to a supporting component, in particular a motor vehicle component; a panel (2) forming an operating surface (2a, 2b) and / or carrying an operating part; elastic support means (10) for movably and resetably supporting the panel (2) on the carrier (3); an actuator (11), accommodated in a receiving space (8) of the panel (2), for exciting the panel (2) with impact and / or vibration in order to generate haptic feedback for an operator touching the operating surface (2a, 2b) or the operating part; wherein latching means (6) are provided on the side of the panel (2), which in an associated latching position fix the actuator (11) to the panel (2) in a form-fitting manner, and further blocking means (5, 12) are provided in order to block at least the latching means (6) in the latching position by the blocking means (5, 12).Input device (1) according to Claim 1, wherein the blocking means (5, 12) are furthermore designed to bring about a force-locking fixing of the actuator (11) by the latching means (6) which lie against the actuator (11) in the latching position.Input device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the blocking means (5, 12) are formed integrally with the panel (2) or are connected to the panel (2) in a materially integral manner.Input device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the blocking means (5, 12) have a screw (5) or pin having a head (5a) and an associated bore (12) in the panel (2) for the form-fitting, force-fitting and / or material-fitting fixing.Input device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein at least the head (5a) interacts with the latching means (6) in an end position.Input device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuator (11) can be inserted into the receiving space (8) along an insertion direction (E) and, in an insertion end position of the actuator (11), the latching means (6) engage behind it in order to fix the actuator (11) in the direction opposite the insertion direction (E).Input device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein a deflection or oscillation direction of the actuator (11) is perpendicular to the insertion direction.Input device (1) according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein an axial direction of the bore (12) is parallel to the insertion direction (E).Input device (1) according to one of the preceding claims 5 to 8, wherein the panel (2) has, on its side facing away from the operator, a frame (4) which forms ribs (7a, 7b) delimiting the receiving space (8).Input device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein at least one of the ribs (7a, 7b) forms a web (9) for presetting the insertion end position.Input device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuator (11) is supported exclusively on the panel (2).The input device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuator (11) is a piezoelectric actuator, an eccentrically vibrating mass vibration motor (ERM), or a linear resonance actuator (LRA).Use of the input device (1) according to one of the preceding claims in a motor vehicle.Mounting method for an input device (1), comprising the following steps: providing a panel (2) forming an operating surface (2a, 2b) and / or carrying an operating part; fastening an actuator (11) for exciting the panel (2) with impact and / or vibration to the panel in order to generate haptic feedback for an operator touching the operating surface (2a, 2b) or the operating part; wherein the fastening comprises an introductory introduction of the actuator (11) along an introduction direction (E) into a receiving space (8) formed on the panel (2), a subsequent latching of latching means (6) provided on the panel (2), which in an associated latching position fix the actuator (11) at least positively to the panel (2) and comprises a blocking by blocking means (5, 12) simultaneous or subsequent with the latching, in order to at least block the latching means (6) in the latching position by interaction with the blocking means (5, 12); a fixing of a carrier (3), which follows the fixing of the actuator (11) or precedes the fixing of the actuator (11) and is designed for fixing the input device (1) to a supporting component, in particular to a motor vehicle component, to the panel (2) via elastic supporting means (10) for movably and restoring supporting of the panel (2) on the carrier (3).Mounting method (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the blocking means (5, 12) are further designed to bring about a force-locking fixing of the actuator (11) by the latching means (6) resting against the actuator (11) in the latching position during blocking.Mounting method according to one of the preceding claims 14 or 15, wherein the blocking means (5, 12) are formed integrally with the panel (2) or are connected to the panel (2) in a materially integral manner.Assembly method according to one of the preceding claims 14 or 16, wherein the blocking means (5, 12) have a screw (5) or pin having a head (5a) and an associated bore (12) in the panel (2) for form-fitting, force-fitting and / or material-fitting fixing.Assembly method according to the preceding claim, wherein at least the head (5a) cooperates with the latching means (6) in an end position during blocking.Mounting method according to one of the preceding claims 14 to 18, wherein the actuator (11) is engaged behind by the latching means (6) in an insertion end position of the actuator (11) in order to fix the actuator (11) in the direction opposite the insertion direction (E).Mounting method according to the preceding claim, wherein a deflection or oscillation direction of the actuator (11) is parallel to the insertion direction (E).Assembly method according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein an axial direction of the bore (12) is parallel to the insertion direction (E).Assembly method according to one of the preceding claims 14 to 21, wherein the panel (2) has, on its side facing away from the operator, a frame (4) which forms ribs (7a, 7b) delimiting the receiving space (8).Mounting method according to the preceding claim, wherein at least one of the ribs (7a, 7b) forms a web (9) for presetting the final insertion position.Input device (1) according to one of the preceding claims 14 to 23, wherein the actuator (11) is supported exclusively on the panel (2) after the fastening.The input device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 14 to 24, wherein the actuator (11) is a piezoelectric actuator, an eccentrically vibrating mass vibration motor (ERM), or a linear resonance actuator (LRA).

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