Energy distribution device, in particular with dual use of the converter system

Abstract

Energy distribution device for a land-based, water-based, and / or air-based vehicle, comprising a switching device designed to temporarily divide an on-board network into an island network (10, 10a) and further sub-networks, wherein the island networks (10, 10a) of the temporarily divided on-board network are designed for at least one consumer (6); wherein the island network (10, 10a) has a machine of the vehicle that is designed to operate a consumer (6) of the island network (10, 10a) as a generator; and wherein the switching device is designed to protect the further sub-network from network perturbations caused by the consumer (6).

Description

The present invention relates to a power distribution device for a land-based, water-based and / or air-based vehicle, to a vehicle having a corresponding power distribution device, and to a method for operating the power distribution device.An on-board power supply for a vehicle such as a ship or the like usually performs a central function by ensuring power supply to a plurality of electric devices and systems required for on-board operation, navigation, communication, and convenience such as power distribution, and usually generated electric power from various sources such as generators, motors, or batteries is distributed to loads in the entire power supply; for example, for supplying the lighting, navigation system, communication equipment, and / or safety systems. On-board electrical systems are usually equipped with automatic control systems which monitor and control the operation of the system. These systems can also trigger alarms if problems or faults occur in the network.It is the object of the present invention to improve, in particular, an energy distribution of the on-board power supply system, in particular to make it more flexible and stable.This object is achieved by a power distribution device having the features of claim 1. Claim 9 protects a vehicle; Claims 10 to 12, 13 represent a method or computer program product for carrying out a method described here. The dependent claims relate to advantageous refinements.According to an embodiment of the present invention, a power distribution device is provided, in particular for a land, water and / or air-bound / supported vehicle. In one embodiment, the energy distribution device, in particular at least one, has a changeover device which is designed to temporarily divide an on-board power supply system, in particular of the vehicle, into, in particular at least or exactly, an island network and a further subnetwork. In one embodiment, the changeover device decouples the island network from the further subnetwork at at least one point and / or establishes an, in particular electrical, connection in such a way that the island network is produced, in particular is decoupled from the further subnetwork. In one embodiment, the island network of the temporarily divided on-board electrical system is designed for at least one load. In one embodiment, this can manifest itself in other line cross sections and / or correspondingly designed components, in particular compared to the line cross sections and / or components of the further subnetwork. In one embodiment, the island network, in particular at least, has an engine of the vehicle. In one embodiment, the machine included / included in the island network, which is established in particular temporarily, is configured to be operated in a generator mode, in particular during the time in which the on-board network is divided into the island network and the further subnetwork, in particular for operating the load, which is in particular at least or exactly, of the island network. In one embodiment, the changeover device is designed to protect the further subnetwork, in particular to protect the further subnetwork from network feedback which can or arise (leading) during / during operation of the consumer.Advantageously, in one embodiment, during (continued) operation of the vehicle, a load can thereby be temporarily operated with a high power consumption, in particular in comparison with other conventional components of the on-board power supply, such as navigation devices or the like, for example, but without limiting generality.The term "on-board power supply system" as used herein is preferably to be understood as the on-board power supply system or as the on-board power supplies of the vehicle, in particular a vehicle in one embodiment can have one or more on-board power supplies which can in particular be connected to one another, wherein the term "on-board power supply system" in one embodiment refers to the on-board power supply system or the plurality of on-board power supplies, which is / are temporarily divided, in particular according to the invention. In this case, the on-board electrical systems can be designed to be separable, in one embodiment, in particular into a starboard and a port on-board electrical system, for example in the case of ships, it being possible, in one embodiment, for the starboard and the port on-board electrical system to be connected together and / or to be connected together for a temporary division of the on-board electrical system, in particular at least one part of the starboard on-board electrical system and at least one part of the port on-board electrical system temporarily form one or the island network and at least one other part of the starboard on-board electrical system and at least one other part of the port on-board electrical system temporarily form one or the further sub-network. Alternatively, the starboard on-board electrical system and the port on-board electrical system can, in one embodiment, be separated in the case of a temporary division, so that in particular at least one part of the starboard on-board electrical system temporarily forms one or the island network and at least one other part of the starboard on-board electrical system temporarily forms one or the further subnetwork and / or at least one part of the port on-board electrical system temporarily forms one or the island network and at least one other part of the port on-board electrical system temporarily forms one or the further subnetwork.In one embodiment, the changeover device has hardware, in particular a contactor, power electronics, or the like; and / or software, in particular control software, further in particular a control of the and / or the contactors and / or a (software) regulation of the power electronics, or the like. In one embodiment, the changeover device has means for dividing up the on-board power supply system.In one embodiment, the island network, in particular the second island network, has a converter which is designed for the operation of the, in particular at least one, load, in particular of the, in particular at least one, load of the island network. In one embodiment, the converter is designed, in particular when the on-board power supply is not divided, to operate an, in particular electric, drive of the vehicle.As a result, it is advantageously possible to dispense with additional converters; furthermore, in one embodiment, no further battery stores and / or generator sets are required in the vehicle in order to operate the consumer, in particular in a temporarily constructed, in particular decoupled, island network.In one embodiment, the island network has at least one, in particular optical, electrical and / or magnetic, defense device. In one embodiment, the load has at least one, in particular optical, electrical and / or magnetic, defense device or is designed as an, in particular optical, electrical and / or magnetic, defense device. In one embodiment, the further subnetwork is designed for the supply of the vehicle, in particular in such a way that, at least substantially, the function and / or the (remaining) on-board power supply system, in particular, in one embodiment, designed as the further subnetwork, of the vehicle is not disturbed and / or impaired.In this way, in one embodiment, the defense device can be operated temporarily, in particular without impairing and / or interrupting a function and / or operation of the vehicle.In one embodiment, the switching device is designed or configured for, in particular electrically, separating the further subnetwork and the island network from one another. In one embodiment, the switching devices have means for, in particular electrically, separating the island network from the further subnetwork.In one embodiment, this advantageously makes it possible for mutual influences of the island network on the further subnetwork or vice versa to be reduced or at least substantially prevented, in particular if the consumer of the island network is operated (temporarily).In one embodiment, the island network has a different frequency and / or a different voltage than the further subnetwork. In one embodiment, the island network, in particular the converter of the island network, is designed to tune a frequency and / or a voltage of the island network to the load, in particular to change a frequency and / or voltage to a frequency and / or voltage required by the load, in particular during its operation, in particular when the onboard network is or is temporarily divided into the island network and the further subnetwork.In one embodiment, this makes it possible for one or the converters of the on-board power supply system to be used twice, in particular as converters for functions of the on-board power supply system and for the operation, in particular temporary operation, of the load of the island power supply system. In one embodiment, this makes it possible for no further converters, in particular converters specifically designed for this purpose, in particular no further battery stores or generator sets, to be required for the, in particular exclusive, operations of the load. In particular, in one embodiment, this makes it possible for the further subnetwork to remain stable despite a power peak of the load, in one embodiment, in the MW range or in the 100 kW range, or in the 10 kW range. In one embodiment, the load has an, in particular temporary, power consumption of at least 10 kW, or at least 100 kW, or at least 1 MW and / or of at most 100 MW, or of at most 10 MW, or at most 1 MW, or at most 100 kW.In one embodiment, the consumer, in particular the, in particular optical, defense device, has at least one laser, in particular a high-power laser, in particular with a power described herein. In one embodiment, the load, in particular the, in particular electrical and / or (electro / )magnetic, defense device, has at least one rail gun ("railgan") and / or a Gaussian gun ("coilgan"). In one embodiment, the consumer has or is designed as a direct-energy week (DEW).The term "consumer" as used herein is preferably to be understood as, in particular exactly, a consumer and / or a consumer group. In particular, the consumer described herein may, in one embodiment, comprise one or more consumers of one type or different types of consumers. In one embodiment, the consumer can have a consumer (external to the vehicle) or, in one embodiment, the consumer can be designed as a consumer (external to the vehicle) or, in one embodiment, is designed as an external consumer, so that the vehicle can be used, in one embodiment, in particular as a power station ("power station"). Depending on the energy requirement of the consumer, i.e. in embodiments depending on the energy requirement of the plurality of consumers of the consumer group, the on-board power supply system, in one embodiment, can be divided into one or more island networks and / or one or more further sub-networks, in particular in such a way that the consumer can be operated and the further / n sub-network / s remain / s stable at least substantially.In one embodiment, the, in particular electrical, load has a one-time power consumption. In one embodiment, the, in particular electrical, load has an irregular and / or spontaneously recurring power consumption or recurring in a fixed rhythm.Advantageously, in one embodiment, this makes it possible for the mechanical energy stored in the vehicle to be used for the operation of the consumer, in particular during the movement of the vehicle.In one embodiment, the switching device is designed to galvanically separate the island network and the further sub-network.In one embodiment, this makes it possible for effects or feedback of the operation of the consumer (further), in particular on the further subnetwork, to be able to be reduced.In one embodiment, the island network has a plurality of converters, in particular interleaved converters (Interleaved Inverters), and / or a multi-level converter, which is / are designed in particular for the operation of the, in particular at least one, load. In one embodiment, the converter or converters are designed to provide a high-voltage, in particular coordinated with the load. In one embodiment, the changeover device is designed to divide the on-board power supply system temporarily accordingly.In an embodiment, the on-board power supply can thereby advantageously be divided in a manner matched to the requirements of one or of the consumer. In one embodiment, the switching device (for this purpose) has at least one switch and / or, in particular, electrical decoupler.In one embodiment, the island network has electrical connections and / or components, in particular cables, which are designed for the operation of the consumer, wherein these in particular have a larger cross section than electrical connections and / or cables and / or components in the further subnetwork.In this way, in one embodiment, it can be made possible for the operation of the consumer to be carried out without interference, in particular for no bottleneck to be created or to be able to arise in the island network, in particular during the operation of the consumer. In one embodiment, an island network formed for the consumer can be recognized from the design size of the components used, in particular compared to an island network that does not have a consumer described herein.According to one embodiment of the invention, a vehicle is provided, in particular a land-based, water-based and / or air-based vehicle. In one embodiment, the vehicle is a ship, in particular with one or more propellers, or a vehicle with wheel drive and / or chain drive. In one embodiment, the island network of the vehicle is configured to use the kinetic energy, in particular stored kinetic energy, of a drive train of the vehicle and / or of the moving vehicle, in particular for stabilizing an island network or the island network. In one embodiment, the vehicle, in particular on the system side, has means which are set up or stored for preparing for operating the consumer, in particular in such a way that an effect of using the kinetic energy of the drive train and / or the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle is minimized for the on-board electrical system and / or an effect, in particular mobility aspects, of the vehicle is minimized.In this way, in one embodiment, it can advantageously be made possible for the energy stored in the movement of the vehicle to be used or become used for the consumer of the island network.According to one embodiment of the invention, a method for operating a power distribution device, in particular a power distribution device described herein, is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes ascertaining and / or predicting a load usage. For ascertaining and / or predicting, in one embodiment, at least one sensor and / or at least one digital processing unit can be used; in particular, the ascertaining and / or predicting can be carried out with the aid of an artificial intelligence. In one embodiment, the ascertainment and / or prediction determines whether a load, in particular an, in particular optical, electrical and / or magnetic defense device, is to be used and / or is to be used within a predetermined period of time at a point in time in the future. In one embodiment, the method comprises dividing the on-board power supply system with the aid of the energy distribution device, in particular based on the ascertained and / or predicted load usage, wherein, during the, in particular temporary, dividing, the on-board power supply system is divided in particular into at least one island network and a further subnetwork. In one embodiment, the method comprises operating the consumer, in particular with the aid of the island network.Advantageously, in one embodiment, this makes it possible for the on-board power supply system to be divided as required.In one embodiment, the operation of the load comprises a switchover of the, in particular electric, machine of the vehicle from a motor mode to a generator mode.Advantageously, in one embodiment, this makes it possible that, in particular, an energy stored in the movement of the vehicle is or can be used for the use of the consumer, in particular with the aid of the island network decoupled from the further subnetwork, and / or that, in particular, an energy stored in the drive train of the vehicle is or can be used for the use of the consumer, in particular with the aid of the island network decoupled from the further subnetwork. Advantageously, in one embodiment, this makes it possible that in particular an energy stored in the movement of the vehicle is or can be used for stabilizing the further sub-network and / or that in particular an energy stored in the drive train of the vehicle is or can be used for stabilizing the further sub-network, in particular when the load is operated.In one embodiment, the method comprises cancelling the division, in particular ending the division, with the aid of the energy distribution device, in particular when the load use is ended or the load is not (any longer) operated.Advantageously, in one embodiment, this makes it possible for the on-board power supply system to be (only) temporarily divided for the use of the consumer and, after the use has ended, for the island power supply system to be (again) connected or, in particular electrically, coupled to the further subnetwork.The terms "a" or "an" as used herein are defined in the sense of "one / one or more.". The terms "another" and "a further" and any other variant thereof are to be understood in the sense of "at least one further".According to one embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle has means for ascertaining and / or predicting a load usage, in particular at least one sensor and / or at least one digital processing unit. In one embodiment, the vehicle has means for dividing up the on-board power supply system, in particular an energy distribution device described herein, further in particular a switching device described herein. In one embodiment, the means for dividing the on-board power supply system are furthermore configured to (again) cancel or reverse the division of the on-board power supply system. In one embodiment, the vehicle has means for operating the load, in particular at least one, in particular electric, machine, in particular additionally a converter designed for operating the load, wherein the converter, in one embodiment, is designed in the (non-split) on-board power supply system for operating the, in particular electric, machine. In other words, in one embodiment, the converter can be used twice, in particular for operating the load and for operating the, in particular electric, machine.In this way, it can be advantageously made possible, in one embodiment, that the on-board power supply system for operating the consumer does not have to be extended by further battery storage devices, power electronics or the like, in particular in comparison with systems without an energy distribution device, but rather existing components can be used, at least substantially, in order to operate the consumer. In this way, in one embodiment, a compact (re) construction can be advantageously made possible; in particular, it can be made possible in this way to make it possible to utilize mechanical energy of the vehicle for operating the consumer.A means in the sense of the present invention can be designed using hardware and / or software technology, in particular can have at least one, in particular digital, processing, in particular microprocessor unit (CPU), graphics card (GPU) or the like, preferably data or signal-connected to a memory and / or bus system, and / or one or more programs or program modules. The processing unit can be designed to process commands implemented as a program stored in a memory system, to acquire input signals from a data bus and / or to deliver output signals to a data bus. A storage system may include one or more, in particular different, storage media, in particular optical, magnetic, solid-state and / or other non-volatile media. The program can be designed such that it embodies or is capable of executing the methods described here, so that the processing unit can execute the steps of such methods and can thus in particular operate or monitor the energy distribution device and / or the vehicle with energy distribution device.In one embodiment, a computer program product may include, in particular be, a storage medium, in particular a computer-readable and / or nonvolatile storage medium, for storing a program or instructions or having a program stored thereon or having instructions stored thereon. In one embodiment, execution of this program or of these instructions by a system or a controller, in particular a computer or an arrangement of a plurality of computers, causes the system or the controller, in particular the computer or computers, to execute a method described here or one or more of its steps, or the program or the instructions are configured for this purpose.In one embodiment, one or more, in particular all, steps of the method are carried out completely or partially automatically, in particular by the controller or its(s) means.Further advantages and features are evident from the dependent claims and the exemplary embodiments. This is partially schematic: FIG. 1 : shows a power distribution device according to an embodiment of the present invention in an unpartitioned state; and FIG. 2 : the energy distribution device of FIG. 1 in divided / n state / states; FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention; and FIG. 4 shows a further energy distribution device according to an embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 1 shows an on-board power supply system of a vehicle in a state in which it is not divided into an island network and a further subnetwork, in which the vehicle has two, in particular electrical, machines 1 which, in one embodiment, are used for moving the vehicle. The machines 1 are connected via converters to an (electrical) bus 2, which in turn is fed by generators 4. The vehicle electrical system has a switch, by means of which a right side in the illustration can be connected, in particular electrically, to a left side in the illustration. This can be provided in an embodiment in which the vehicle is a ship and has an on-board power supply system which is provided for a starboard side and a port side or in an embodiment in which the vehicle has a chain drive which can be operated or can be operated in particular independently of one another. In one embodiment, the switch can also be closed, in particular when divided into an island network and a further subnetwork. Furthermore, the exemplary on-board power supply system of FIG. 1 has, in particular, usual consumers of the on-board power supply system 3. Furthermore, consumers 6 are shown in dashed lines. These are not used (temporarily) in the illustration of FIG. 1. Furthermore, converters are shown which, in the vehicle electrical system shown by way of example, convert a voltage and / or a frequency of the generators 4 for the operation of the machines 1 and of the loads of the vehicle electrical system 3, which differ from the loads 6. A changeover device is not illustrated in the figures, in particular because, in embodiments, it can act or act differently and / or can be embodied differently, for dividing up the on-board power supply system.The on-board power supply system of FIG. 1 is to be interpreted as an exemplary on-board power supply system. Rather, the on-board power supply system can have a different, in particular asymmetrical, structure and / or have other or additional components, such as battery storage devices, fuel cell (systems) or the like.FIG. 2 schematically shows the power distribution device of FIG. 1 in a divided state and in different divided states, respectively, wherein an island network 10 and an island network 10 aare shown. The island network 10 has an electric machine 1 and a converter which operate the load 6, in particular with the aid of the switching device. The further subnetwork (without a dashed border) can or is still used to supply the consumers of the on-board power supply system 3. The converter of the island network 10 is configured in such a way that, as in FIG. 1, it can operate the electric machine on the one hand and can operate the load 6 on the other hand in the island network, in particular with the aid of energy which is obtained or generated with the aid of the generator operation of the electric machine 1.In the case of the standalone network 10 a, the on-board network is divided into the standalone network 10 aand the further subnetwork in such a way that two different energy sources, namely the electric machine 1 and the generator 4, operate the load 6, in particular with the aid of a respective converter. The island networks 10 and 10 acan exist (temporarily) in parallel or can be separated from the further sub-network (temporarily) one after the other with the aid of the energy distribution device, in particular its switching device. In embodiments, other or further distributions of the on-board power supply are possible, in particular in such a way that the island network(s) which temporarily arises / is (electrically) decoupled are set up for operating the load / loads 6. The arrows shown in FIG. 2 indicate energy flow directions, in particular via the converters.FIG. 3 shows a flow chart to illustrate a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention. The method comprises ascertaining and / or predicting a load usage S 10, dividing the on-board power supply system S 20 by means of the energy distribution device based on the ascertained and / or predicted load usage into at least one island network and a further subnetwork; and operating the load S 40. Furthermore, the method can have a (temporally) upstream switchover S 30 of the electric machine from a motor mode to a generator mode (illustrated in dashed lines). Furthermore, the method can comprise cancelling the division S 50, in particular with the aid of the energy distribution device, further in particular with the aid of the changeover device, in particular when the use of the consumer is ended.FIG. 4 schematically shows another power distribution apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is intended to show in particular that the energy distribution device can have different components and / or different combinations of components, such as in particular, more particularly electric, machine(s) 1, such as in particular engines, such as more particularly internal combustion engines, fuel cells or the like; generator(s) 4, one / e / n or a plurality of drive trains, transmissions and / or clutches 7, and one or a plurality of consumers 6, as described in particular herein. In embodiments, other constellations, connections and / or arrangements are possible or provided, in particular depending on the vehicle and / or on the load 6 to be operated. The drive trains, transmissions and / or clutches 7 are illustrated here in dashed lines, in particular in order to illustrate-without restricting generality-that the on-board power supply system can be divided or divided at these points, in particular simply(s), in particular by a changeover device described herein. For example, the on-board power supply system can have one or more (force) machines 1, which act in particular at different points in the one drive train or the plurality of drive trains. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, for example, a propeller of a vehicle designed as a ship can be arranged on the drive train, transmission and / or clutch 7, which is arranged at the rightmost position in FIG. 4, without limiting generality. The on-board power supply can be divided at different points, in particular into one (or more) island power supply(s), in such a way that energy can be provided to one or the consumer 6, or is-illustrated in FIG. 4 by the arrows, wherein depending on the consumer 6 and / or island power supply(s) energy can be provided to the consumer 6 at different points, in particular via a converter (not illustrated), further in particular if the on-board power supply is divided. Accordingly, it is evident that energy can be branched off or provided from different sections of the illustrated arrangement, in particular in order to operate a consumer 6 and / or in order to (temporarily) ensure the stability of a sub-network, at least substantially.Although exemplary embodiments have been explained in the preceding description, it should be noted that a multiplicity of modifications are possible. It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments are merely examples that are not intended to limit the scope, applications, and configuration in any way. Rather, the foregoing description provides those skilled in the art with a guide to the implementation of at least one exemplary embodiment, wherein various changes, in particular with regard to the function and arrangement of the described constituent parts, can be made without departing from the scope of protection as evident from the claims and combinations of features equivalent thereto.List of reference characters1 Machine 2 Bus 3 Consumers of the on-board power supply system 4 Generator 6 Consumers 7 Drive train; transmission; clutch 10, 10 a Insel network S 10 Ascertaining and / or predicting a consumer use S 20 Dividing the on-board power supply system S 30 Switching over the machine S 40 Operating the consumer S 50 Cancelling the division

Claims

. . Energy distribution device for a land-based, water-based and / or air-based vehicle, having a changeover device which is designed to temporarily divide an on-board power supply system into an island network (10, 10a) and a further subnetwork, wherein the island network (10, 10a) of the temporarily divided on-board power supply system is designed for at least one load (6); wherein the island network (10, 10a) has a machine of the vehicle which is designed to operate a load (6) of the island network (10, 10a) in a generator mode; and wherein the changeover device is designed to protect the further subnetwork from network feedback caused by the load (6).Energy distribution device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the island network (10, 10a) has a converter which is designed for the operation of the load (6).Energy distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the island network (10, 10a), in particular the load (6), has at least one, in particular optical, electrical and / or magnetic, defense device and / or the further subnetwork is designed to supply the vehicle.Energy distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device is configured to electrically disconnect the further subnetwork and the island network (10, 10a) from one another.Power distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the island network (10, 10a) has a different frequency and / or a different voltage than the further subnetwork.Energy distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the, in particular electrical, load (6) has a power consumption which repeats once or irregularly and / or spontaneously or repeats in a fixed rhythm.Energy distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device is designed to galvanically separate the island network (10, 10a) and the further sub-network.Energy distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the island network (10, 10a) has a plurality of converters, in particular interleaved converters, and / or a multi-level converter, which is / are designed in particular for the operation of the load (6).Vehicle with an on-board power supply system having an energy distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle is a ship, in particular with a propeller, or a vehicle with a wheel and / or chain drive, and / or in that the island network (10, 10a) is configured to use the kinetic energy, in particular stored kinetic energy, of a drive train of the vehicle and / or of the moving vehicle, in particular for stabilizing the island network (10, 10a).Method for operating an energy distribution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method comprises: determining and / or predicting (S10) a load usage; dividing (S20), with the aid of the energy distribution device, the on-board power supply system into at least one island network (10, 10a) and a further subnetwork based on the determined and / or predicted load usage; and operating (S40) the load (6).Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the operation of the load (6) comprises a changeover (S30) of the engine of the vehicle into a generator operation.Method according to one of the preceding claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the method further comprises: cancelling (S50) the division with the aid of the energy distribution device, in particular when the load use is finished.Computer program or computer program product, wherein the computer program or computer program product contains instructions, in particular stored on a computer-readable and / or non-volatile storage medium, which, when executed by one or more computers, cause the computer or computers or a controller of the on-board power supply system, in particular of the power distribution device, to carry out a method according to one of Claims 10 to 12.

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