Extraction device

Abstract

The invention relates to an extraction device 1 for sorting out strip-shaped, band-shaped or at least coilable waste (contaminants) from a waste material stream comprising wood. The waste material stream coming from a preliminary stage passes through an extraction chamber 2 defined by the extraction device 1. According to the invention, the extraction device 1 comprises an extraction shaft 2 extending transversely through the extraction chamber 2, extending along a shaft longitudinal axis, having spaced-apart shaft ends, and comprising a plurality of extraction fingers 6.1 extending substantially transversely to the shaft longitudinal axis at a distance from one another. The extraction shaft 6 is rotatably arranged in an extraction housing 4, which preferably circumferentially encloses the extraction chamber 2 on all sides. Furthermore, at least one of the shaft ends of the extraction shaft 6 is driven by a drive.

Description

[0001] In general, the present invention relates to a device for improving sorting performance in a waste sorting plant. Colloquially, the invention relates to a device for improving waste sorting or garbage sorting.

[0002] Specifically, the invention relates to an extraction device for sorting strip-shaped, ribbon-shaped, or at least coilable waste from a waste stream comprising, in particular, a wood stream comprising preferably predominantly shredded wood, wherein the waste stream, coming from at least one preliminary stage, passes through an extraction chamber defined by the extraction device. The prior art of this type is disclosed in DE 40 42 227 A1.

[0003] The extraction space is therefore a defined, three-dimensional space through which the waste stream passes, i.e. passes through it, preferably coming from above vertically or essentially falling vertically.

[0004] Such a device is therefore integrated into or a component of a waste sorting facility, whether permanently installed or mobile. Waste of all sizes is fed into such a waste or garbage sorting facility. In the present embodiment, commercial waste, including wood, is particularly relevant.

[0005] In the waste sorting plant, the initial shredding process typically involves reducing the waste grain size to 3 to 500 mm. A double-wave crusher is preferred for wood waste.

[0006] In a second process step, iron particles are filtered or removed from the material stream, especially wood waste. This is usually done using a magnetic separator.

[0007] In a third process stage, the waste material stream is further shredded (secondary shredding), which is usually carried out using a secondary shredding mill, single-shaft, double-shaft or four-shaft machine, from which the material stream or waste stream then exits with a grain size of 0-50 or 0-100 mm. Technical problem

[0008] Existing waste sorting or waste separation systems face the problem that elongated, strip-like structures such as ropes, straps, cables, but also wrapable objects such as sacks, particularly garbage sacks made of tear-resistant material (referred to as "big bags"), can wrap around rotating parts in the waste sorting system and, in particular, block or damage the lateral bearings and seals of the shafts, or wrap around auger trees, for example, which then lead to complete blockage. These elongated, wrapable objects are collectively referred to as "contaminants" for the purposes of the invention because they can negatively impact the efficiency of the waste sorting system. Task

[0009] Based on the previously described prior art and the associated disadvantages, the invention is therefore based on the object of at least partially avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages and providing a device for a waste sorting plant which sorts out the aforementioned defined contaminants. invention

[0010] This is solved by combining the features of the independent claims. Preferred, but not mandatory, features are set out in the subclaims.

[0011] In the most abstract embodiment, the object is already achieved in that an extraction shaft is provided which extends transversely through the extraction chamber, extends along a longitudinal shaft axis, has spaced-apart shaft ends and comprises a plurality of extraction fingers which extend substantially transversely to the longitudinal shaft axis and are spaced from one another; that the extraction shaft is rotatably arranged in an extraction housing which preferably surrounds the extraction chamber circumferentially on all sides; and that at least one of the shaft ends of the extraction shaft drives or is driven by a drive. According to the invention, the extraction housing therefore encloses the extraction chamber through which the waste materials pass. In catchwords, the invention can also be referred to as a "strip finder."

[0012] As the extraction shaft rotates within the extraction housing or within the extraction chamber defined and enclosed by the enclosing extraction housing, the extraction fingers rotate within the waste stream. The contaminants become trapped or caught in these fingers, and as the extraction shaft rotates, they wind around the extraction shaft. At predefined intervals, the extraction shaft can be removed from the extraction device, allowing the wound-up contaminants to be easily removed and replaced with a new extraction shaft. Because of the extraction fingers, the extraction shaft can also be referred to as a "finger shaft."

[0013] Preferably, the strip finder is arranged in a chute after a primary crusher and before a secondary crushing in a waste sorting plant.

[0014] To simplify the replacement of the extraction shaft or finger shaft, it is preferably detachably connectable or connected to shaft ends or the like mounted in the extraction housing. It has proven particularly expedient to provide the extraction shaft with shaft ends rotatably received in the extraction housing. In the preferred embodiment, the extraction shaft and the shaft ends have complementary geometries which interact in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner in the installed position. Particularly preferably, the shaft end(s) comprise(s) a cylindrical bearing section with which it is rotatably mounted in the housing, and a shaft section connectable to the shaft ends, which connects the shaft ends in a rotationally fixed manner to the extraction shaft in the installed position, i.e. when the extraction shaft is inserted into the extraction device.Preferably, the shaft sections of the shaft stubs and the shaft ends of the extraction shaft are designed to complement each other so that they combine to form a single shaft geometry in the installed position, e.g., by two complementary half-shafts that, when assembled, form the shaft geometry in the installed position. The releasable fixation of the extraction shaft to the shaft stubs is preferably achieved by locking pins that can be inserted into the joining partners and secured by a cotter pin, a snap-in connection, or other means.

[0015] To protect the shaft stubs, it is particularly useful to mount them outside the extraction chamber, on the outside of the housing walls that enclose the extraction chamber. This prevents entanglement of contaminants and damage to the shafts and the seals on the shafts.

[0016] The extraction housing preferably comprises at least one movable, preferably cappable or hinged housing wall, which can be opened to access the extraction chamber and the extraction shaft in order to be able to replace and maintain the extraction shaft.

[0017] The drive of the extraction shaft usually comprises a motor, in particular an electric motor, and a gearbox to control the speed.

[0018] The special feature of the extraction device according to the invention is that it can also be easily retrofitted to existing waste sorting plants by installing the extraction housing in the material flow, in particular in an area in which the waste material flow falls down.

[0019] It has proven particularly useful that the extraction housing represents a drop shaft or at least a part of a drop shaft, which can be or is arranged, for example, downstream of a subsequent crushing step.

[0020] Since the waste stream may shift spatially, i.e., fall down or pass through various locations within the extraction chamber enclosed by the extraction housing, the extraction shaft can also be arranged so that it can move within the extraction housing. Preferably, the extraction shaft is designed to be adjustable or movable along a longitudinal extension direction of the extraction housing or the extraction chamber. In typical applications, a displacement of approximately 100 mm in both directions has proven to be appropriate, resulting in a total adjustable range of 200 mm along the longitudinal extension direction of the extraction housing. This is not mandatory, however, but depends on the design of the system.

[0021] An improvement in extraction or separation performance can be achieved by adjusting the extraction fingers relative to or along the extraction shaft, which is the case in a preferred further development.

[0022] The extraction performance can also be improved by adjusting the length of the extraction fingers. The invention also relates to a waste sorting system or a waste stair system comprising one of the previously described extraction devices, which can also be referred to simply as a winding device.

[0023] In a further development, several of the aforementioned winding devices or extraction devices can also be provided in such a waste sorting plant, preferably before each subsequent essential process step.

[0024] In the following detailed description of the figures, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In this regard, directional terminology such as "top", "bottom", "front", "back", "fore", "rear", etc., will be used with reference to the orientations of the described figure(s). Since components of embodiments can be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology is for the purpose of illustration and is in no way limiting. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense.

[0025] In this description, the terms “connected,” “attached,” and “integrated” are used to describe both direct and indirect connection, direct or indirect connection, and direct or indirect integration.

[0026] Unless otherwise stated, the indefinite article and the definite article do not refer solely to a single component, but should be understood as "at least one." The terminology includes the aforementioned words, variations thereof, and similar meanings. Furthermore, it should be understood that the terms "about," "substantially," and similar terms in connection with the dimensions and a characteristic of a component of the invention do not describe the described dimension and characteristic as a strict limit or parameter, and do not exclude minor variations thereof that are functionally similar. At a minimum, descriptions containing numerical parameters also include variations of these parameters according to mathematical and manufacturing principles in the prior art, e.g., rounding, deviations and other systematic errors, manufacturing tolerances, etc.

[0027] In the figures, identical or similar elements are provided with identical reference symbols where appropriate.

[0028] Reference symbol lines are lines that connect the reference symbol to the part in question. An arrow that doesn't touch any part, on the other hand, refers to the entire unit to which it is pointed.

[0029] The representations in the figures are not necessarily to scale. Certain areas may be exaggerated to illustrate details. Furthermore, the drawings may be simplistic and may not contain every detail that may be present in the actual design.

[0030] The extraction device according to the invention is described below by way of example with reference to the figures. All features of the respective embodiments are disclosed independently and independently of other features of the respective embodiments.

[0031] Likewise, the features mentioned above and those further described can be used according to the invention individually or in combinations. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather are exemplary in nature for describing the invention.

[0032] They show: Fig. 1 a front view of an extraction device according to the invention; Fig. 2 a side view of the extraction device according to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a top view of the extraction device according to Fig. 1; Fig. 4 an isometric front view of the extraction shaft (“finger shaft”) in the removed state; Fig. 5 is an isometric side view of an alternative embodiment of the extraction device; Fig. 6 an isometric side view from the opposite end as shown in Fig. 5; and Fig. 7 a waste sorting plant comprising two of the aforementioned extraction devices.

[0033] Accordingly, the extraction device 1 according to the invention, designated in its entirety by 1, comprises according to the Fig. 1-3 essentially an extraction housing 4 enclosing an extraction space 2, which also comprises an extraction shaft 6 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction.

[0034] The extraction housing 4 is composed of angled steel profiles and defines the walls that enclose or frame the rectangular extraction chamber 2 on the outside. The walls of the extraction housing 4 are angled at the top and bottom ends to form an upper mounting flange and a larger, lower mounting flange. These flanges allow the extraction housing 4 to be attached to other machine parts, i.e., flanged and bolted. The geometry and dimensions of the extraction housing 4 are naturally freely selectable and determined by the intended use.

[0035] The extraction shaft 6, which can also be referred to as a "finger shaft," comprises a hollow shaft extending along the longitudinal direction of this extraction shaft 6, in which fingers 6.1 are arranged at defined intervals, each offset by 90° from one another, extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the extraction shaft 6. Adjacent fingers 6.1 (only one is marked) are also arranged offset by 90 degrees from one another around the longitudinal axis of the extraction shaft 6 in order to cover the largest possible circumferential space.

[0036] The extraction shaft 6 is driven by an electric motor 8 screwed onto the side of the extraction housing 4 via a mounting bracket, with an intermediate gear. Furthermore, adjustment slots extending in the longitudinal direction L are formed in the lateral parts of the extraction housing 4, which accommodate the extraction shaft 6, so that the extraction shaft 6 is or can be adjusted along the longitudinal direction L in order to position the extraction shaft 6 as centrally as possible within the waste stream passing through the extraction chamber 2 and thus optimize the separation performance based on the waste stream. In a further development, the waste stream can be detected using a camera or an array of laser sensors, and the position of the extraction shaft 6 can be adapted to this waste stream.

[0037] Fig. Figure 4 shows an isometric, enlarged front view of the extraction shaft 6 in isolation. Accordingly, the extraction shaft 6 includes recesses or notches 6.2, 6.3 at the shaft ends, each half the size of the shaft diameter of the extraction shaft 6, into which the shaft stubs rotatably mounted in the lateral housing parts of the extraction housing 4 are then seated. Thus, by inserting fixing bolts into corresponding holes and split pins, a rotationally fixed connection is created between the shaft stubs rotatably mounted in the extraction housing 4 and the extraction shaft 6.

[0038] As from the Fig. 2, the front end of the extraction housing 4 can be folded down (shown by the dashed line of the right-hand wall in the figure) in order to gain access to the extraction space 2 of the extraction housing 4, in order to be able to remove the extraction shaft 6 from the extraction space 2 and replace it with a new extraction shaft 6.

[0039] The Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, differs from the previously described first embodiment essentially only by the geometrically flared design of the extraction housing 10, which in the embodiment according to the Fig. 1 to 3 has wall elements of the extraction housing 10 that are of the same height on all sides. In the same way as in the embodiment according to the Fig. 1 to 3, the rotatable and motor-driven extraction shaft 6 is arranged within the extraction chamber 12 enclosed by the extraction housing 10, which in this embodiment is also achieved by an electric motor 8 flanged laterally to the extraction housing 10. A further difference in this second embodiment is that the front side has two doors 10.1, 10.2, which are rotatably hinged laterally to the extraction housing 10 for access to the extraction chamber 12 and replacement of the extraction shaft 6, wherein the left-hand door 10.2 in the figures is shown closed in solid line and open in dashed line.

[0040] Fig. 7 finally shows a side view of a waste sorting plant comprising two of the Fig.1 - 3 illustrated extraction devices 1. In the first process step, the waste sorting plant comprises a pre-shredding 16 for the commercial waste, which is usually similar to household waste and includes wooden parts.

[0041] The shredded material is then conveyed via a first belt conveyor 18 to a fabric and film separator 19 with a shaft extending downwards from the first belt conveyor 18, to which the first extraction device 1 according to the invention is connected.

[0042] After passing through the extraction chamber 2 of the first extraction device 1, the waste material stream then falls onto a second belt conveyor 20, which then feeds the waste material stream to a secondary shredder 22.

[0043] The waste stream emerging from this secondary shredder 22 is in turn applied to a third belt conveyor 24, which feeds the waste stream to a second fabric and film sorter 26 with a second extraction device 1. Finally, the now cleaned stream falls onto a fourth belt conveyor 28, which ejects the waste stream.

[0044] The subject matter of the present invention arises not only from the subject matter of the individual patent claims, but also from the combination of the individual patent claims. All information and features disclosed in the documents, in particular the spatial configuration illustrated in the drawings, are claimed as essential to the invention, insofar as they are novel, individually or in combination, compared to the prior art. Character description L Longitudinal direction 1 extraction device 2 Extraction room 4 extraction housings 6 Extraction Wave 6.1 Finger 6.2, 6.3 Notch 8 Electric motor 10 extraction housings 10.1, 10.2 Door 12 Extraction Room 14a, b door 16 Pre-shredding 18 first belt conveyor 19 Fabric and film separator 20 second belt conveyor 22 secondary shredders 24 third belt conveyor 26 second fabric and film sorter 28 fourth belt conveyor

Claims

[1] Extraction device (1) for sorting out strip-shaped, band-shaped or at least coilable waste (contaminants) from a waste material stream, in particular a wood stream comprising preferably predominantly shredded wood, wherein the waste material stream coming from at least one preliminary stage passes through an extraction space (2) defined by the extraction device, INDICATED BY , that an extraction shaft (6) extending transversely through the extraction space is provided, which extends along a shaft longitudinal axis, has shaft ends arranged at a distance from one another and comprises a plurality of extraction fingers (6.1) extending at a distance from one another essentially transversely to the shaft longitudinal axis, that the extraction shaft (6) is rotatably arranged in an extraction housing (4) which preferably encloses the extraction space (2) circumferentially on all sides, and that at least one of the shaft ends of the extraction shaft (6) is or can be driven by a drive. [2] Extraction device (1) according to claim 1, INDICATED BY that the extraction shaft (6) is or can be releasably connected to shaft stumps rotatably mounted in the extraction housing (4, 10). [3] Extraction device (1) according to claim 2, INDICATED BY that the detachable connection of the extraction shaft (6) with the shaft stumps is made via locking bolts. [4] Extraction device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, INDICATED BY that the bearings of the extraction shaft (6) or the shaft stubs are located outside the extraction housing (4, 10). [5] Extraction device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, INDICATED BY that the extraction housing (4, 10) comprises at least one movable, preferably foldable housing wall. [6] Extraction device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, INDICATED BY that the drive comprises a gearbox with a mounted or attachable motor (8). [7] Extraction device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, INDICATED BY that this is part of a waste sorting plant. [8] Extraction device (1) according to claim 7, INDICATED BY that it is arranged in a chute after a primary crusher and before a secondary crushing unit. [9] Extraction device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, INDICATED BY that the extraction housing (4, 10) with the extraction space (2) defined therein extends along a longitudinal direction and along a transverse direction extending transversely to the longitudinal direction, and wherein the extraction shaft (6) is movable along the longitudinal direction. [10] Extraction device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, INDICATED BYthat the position of the extraction fingers (6.1) is adjustable in relation to or along the extraction shaft (6). [11] Extraction device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, INDICATED BY that the length of the extraction fingers (6.1) is adjustable. [12] Waste sorting plant, INDICATED BY that it comprises at least one of the extraction devices (1) according to one of the claims relating thereto. [13] Waste sorting plant, INDICATED BY that it comprises two extraction devices (1).

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