System for securing stacked objects

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for securing stacked objects, in particular ballast elements of a working machine, comprising a first object and a second object that can be placed on the first object, wherein the first object has at least one first locking element and the second object has at least one second locking element, which are designed to move into each other in a placement direction when the second object is placed on the first object and to lock the objects together in a locking position.According to the invention, the first and second locking elements are immovably arranged on the objects and have locking surfaces which, when the second object is lowered onto the first object along the lowering direction, interact in such a way that the second object moves relative to the first object in a direction deviating from the lowering direction, thereby causing the locking elements to interlock. The invention further relates to a machine, in particular a mobile crane, with such a system, and to a method for securing objects of such a system.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a system for securing stacked objects according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for securing objects of such a system.

[0002] In many applications, it is necessary to secure stacked objects against falling or tipping over. One example is the ballast weights used in construction machinery. Many mobile cranes have two or more ballast towers, each containing several stacked ballast elements or weights. These ballast towers must be secured against individual ballast elements tipping over or against the entire stack toppling, as mobile cranes move with the weights in place, and therefore acceleration forces can act on the ballast stack(s).

[0003] Several solutions for securing ballast elements in a stack are known in the prior art. For example, retaining brackets can be attached to the outside of the ballast elements, hooked onto the uppermost ballast element of the stack, and connected to a lower mounting plate using a bolt. To tension the ballast elements downwards and compensate for height variations, the brackets can be pre-tensioned using compensating elements. Thus, several additional components and work steps are required to secure the ballast elements. Furthermore, access from multiple sides of the ballast stack must be ensured.

[0004] It is also known to bundle the individual ballast elements together using brackets to form secured packages. This also results in a large number of additional components and a complex rigging of the weighting device. Furthermore, several work steps are required after the ballasting process, which must be carried out at heights of several meters.

[0005] Finally, ballast elements that can be bolted together are known. Securing these ballast elements also requires several work steps at a great height. Furthermore, the ballast elements must be aligned very precisely so that the bolts can be inserted after stacking.

[0006] Against this background, the present invention aims to provide a solution with which several stacked objects, such as ballast elements in particular, can be secured to a working machine in a simple and reliable manner.

[0007] According to the invention, this problem is solved by a system with the features of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 14. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims and the following description.

[0008] Accordingly, a system for securing stacked objects is proposed, comprising a first object and a second object that can be placed or stacked on top of the first. The objects could be components of a machine, such as ballast elements.

[0009] The first object comprises at least one first locking element, and the second object comprises at least one second locking element. The locking elements are designed such that, when the second object is placed on the first object along a placement direction, they engage with each other along that direction, securing or locking the objects together in a locking position. The objects are thus mutually secured to one another.

[0010] The system can include more than two interlockable objects. In this case, the objects are always interlocked in pairs via the respective locking elements.

[0011] The setting direction is preferably perpendicular to the top side of the first object, onto which the second object is set, or to the underside of the second object. Since the stacking of the objects preferably takes place on a flat surface (e.g., on the ground, on the undercarriage of a mobile crane, on a ballast plate, or any other device), the setting direction is preferably vertical.

[0012] According to the invention, the first and second locking elements are arranged immovably on the objects. Therefore, no additional device needs to be attached, no bolt needs to be inserted, and no lever element needs to be operated to lock the objects, which reduces the number of components and eliminates the need for subsequent work on the stack of objects or access from multiple sides.

[0013] According to the invention, the first and second locking elements have locking surfaces which, when the second object is placed on the first object along the placement direction, interact in such a way that the second object moves relative to the first object in a direction deviating from the placement direction. This forced movement, which is subsequently referred to as "relative movement" or "additional relative movement" in contrast to the merging movement of the objects along the placement direction, occurs automatically as a result of the merging movement of the objects, in particular due to the force of gravity acting on the second object. The locking surfaces generate the aforementioned additional relative movement, which does not occur along the placement direction.The relative movement causes the locking elements to interlock, so that in the final locking position they engage with each other in such a way that the objects are secured or locked to each other.

[0014] In particular, the objects are secured against the stack of objects tipping over or the second object tipping over when locked. In the case of a ballast stack for a mobile machine such as a mobile crane, this prevents the stacked ballast from tipping over. The ballast elements are automatically secured when the individual elements are set down, as the additional relative movement that causes the locking elements to interlock securely is generated solely by the arrangement and shape of the locking surfaces and the force of gravity.

[0015] At least one of the locking surfaces is preferably inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the setting direction or parallel to a surface of the first object, such that a force acting in the setting direction towards the first object generates a lateral relative movement.

[0016] In addition to locking the objects, the locking elements can also serve as a centering or insertion aid for the correct positioning and placement of the second object on the first, thus fulfilling a dual function. For this purpose, the first and / or the second locking elements can be designed accordingly and, in particular, may have chamfered surfaces or bevels.

[0017] Preferably, the first and / or the second locking elements are arranged such that, when the second object is correctly placed on the first object (i.e., the first object rests on a flat, horizontal surface and the second object is, for example, freely suspended and not tilted), the first and second locking elements touch or overlap before the objects come into contact with each other.

[0018] In one possible embodiment, the first locking element is designed as a protruding element from the first object, and the second locking element as a receptacle, or vice versa. The protruding element, which extends from the associated object particularly in the setting direction, thus engages in the receptacle of the other locking element when the second object is set down on the first object. Preferably, the protruding element is located on a top surface of the first object or on a bottom surface of the second object and extends from the top surface or bottom surface in the setting direction.

[0019] The protruding element can preferably form a hook element, wherein, when the second object is placed down, the hook element initially enters the receptacle in the placement direction and a hooking ultimately leading to locking occurs due to the relative movement effected via the locking surfaces.

[0020] In another possible embodiment, the receptacle comprises a first section with an opening through which the protruding element can be inserted, and a second section adjoining the first section, with a greater width compared to the first section. The wider second section provides the necessary space for the lateral relative movement of the locking elements to achieve locking. The width is defined, in particular, as the dimension perpendicular to the insertion direction.

[0021] The second section of the recording can be followed by at least one further section, for example a third section with a decreasing width in the direction of deposition.

[0022] Preferably, the protruding element comprises a first section and a second section adjoining the first section, the second section having a greater width than the first. In order for the protruding element to be inserted into the opening formed by the first section of the receptacle, the width of the second section of the protruding element must be smaller than the width of the first section or the opening of the receptacle.

[0023] In another possible embodiment, the locking elements comprise locking projections that interlock behind each other in the locked position. The relative movement of the objects or locking elements resulting from the interaction of the locking surfaces thus causes the locking projections to interlock behind each other. The locking surfaces are preferably not located on the locking projections.

[0024] In another possible embodiment, the locking projection of the receptacle is located on its first section and / or the locking projection of the protruding element is located on its second section. When the locking elements are brought together in the lowering direction, the second section of the protruding element initially moves into the opening or the first section of the receptacle. The locking elements are designed, and the locking surfaces are arranged, in particular such that the relative movement of the objects, and thus of the locking elements, begins when the second section of the protruding element is at least partially within the second section of the receptacle.Due to the relative movement, the locking projections of the locking elements move in a lateral direction that deviates from the setting direction, so that they interlock behind each other and at least partially overlap in the setting direction in the locking position.

[0025] In another possible embodiment, the locking projections include unlocking surfaces which are designed such that they are opposite each other in the locked position and, when the second object moves away from the first object in the setting-down direction, interact in such a way that the second object moves relative to the first object in a direction different from the setting-down direction, thereby releasing the interlocking of the locking elements. This relative movement that releases the lock occurs, in particular, in the opposite direction to the relative movement generated by the locking surfaces.

[0026] The objects can be unlocked easily by lifting the second object relative to the first, whereby the interaction of the unlocking surfaces generates a relative movement that releases the lock. No moving parts are required for this.

[0027] The unlocking surfaces are preferably inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the setting direction or parallel to a surface of the first object, so that a force acting in the setting direction to lift the second object generates the aforementioned relative movement to release the locking mechanism.

[0028] Preferably, the unlocking surfaces are designed such that the interlocking of the locking elements can only be released by applying a force to the second object in a negative setting direction (i.e. away from the first object).

[0029] In another possible embodiment, the protruding element has at least one, preferably at least two, and particularly preferably three chamfered surfaces at its end facing away from the associated object to facilitate insertion into the receptacle. The chamfered surfaces serve as a centering aid when placing the second object on the first object and facilitate the insertion of the locking elements into one another or the alignment of the second object with the first object.

[0030] The aforementioned beveled surfaces may be located on a third section of the projecting ledge, which may adjoin the aforementioned second section with an increased width.

[0031] In another possible embodiment, the locking elements do not have any moving parts, such as spring-loaded and / or actuated bolts. Instead, locking and unlocking, or the securing and releasing of the device, is purely mechanical, resulting from the lowering or lifting movement of the second object and the interaction of the locking surfaces and, preferably, the aforementioned unlocking surfaces.

[0032] In another possible embodiment, the objects each have at least two, and in particular at least three, first and second locking elements, respectively. The locking surfaces are preferably designed such that, when the second object is placed on the first object along the placement direction, they interact in such a way that the second object rotates relative to the first object about an axis of rotation parallel to the placement direction, thereby causing the locking elements to engage. For this purpose, the first and second locking elements are spaced apart on the respective object and, in particular, arranged at a rotational angle to one another. This arrangement of the respective locking surfaces allows the second object to rotate about its vertical axis when it is placed on the first object.This leads in particular to an engagement behind the locking projections of the respective first and second locking elements.

[0033] In another possible embodiment, the objects are designed as ballast elements, for example, as ballast elements of a mobile crane. However, ballast elements of any type of working machine are conceivable.

[0034] The ballast elements can be flat and designed as ballast plates. A ballast receiving plate connected to a working machine can be provided as the lowest object. This plate can already be equipped with first and / or second locking elements of the system according to the invention.

[0035] Alternatively or additionally, the ballast elements may have a substantially triangular shape. In this case, each ballast element preferably has three first locking elements and / or three second locking elements, which may also be located in the area of ​​the preferably flattened "corners" of the triangles.

[0036] In another possible embodiment, each object has at least one first and at least one second locking element. This makes it easy to create a stack of several objects that are secured to each other by first and second locking elements.

[0037] Preferably, the first and second locking elements of an object are arranged one above the other in the setting direction.

[0038] Alternatively or additionally, the first and second locking elements of an object can be formed integrally within a locking fitting connected to the object. The latter can be attached to the object in any manner, for example, by welding. Alternatively, the first and second locking elements of an object can be separate elements that can be attached to the object in any manner, for example, by welding.

[0039] The aforementioned locking fitting can in principle have any shape, but is preferably flat or plate-like.

[0040] It is also conceivable that the first and second locking elements are formed integrally with the object. Likewise, the first and second locking elements could be formed on components that are cast into ballast elements.

[0041] In another possible embodiment, the system comprises more than two objects, which can be locked together in pairs via first and second locking elements. A stack is then formed by successively stacking the objects, with the uppermost object being locked to the object below it, and then another object being placed on top and also locked. The locking mechanism between the individual objects ensures that the entire stack of objects is secured, preventing it from tipping over.

[0042] The present invention further relates to a working machine with a system according to the invention. The objects of the system can be any stackable components of the working machine, in particular ballast elements for forming a ballast stack secured against tipping. The working machine can be a mobile crane. This can have a mobile undercarriage and a superstructure rotatably mounted on the undercarriage, with a boom and superstructure ballast. One or more ballast stacks of the superstructure ballast can be formed by or comprise the system according to the invention. The same advantages and properties obviously result as for the system according to the invention, which is why a repetitive description is omitted.

[0043] The invention further relates to a method for securing objects of a system according to the invention. The method can be used, for example, when stacking a ballast stack consisting of several ballast elements. Here, the second object is brought towards the first object in the lowering direction, for example, by means of an auxiliary crane or lowered in a self-erecting operation of a mobile crane. The first object can, for example, be a ballast receiving plate or a ballast element.

[0044] As the second object is brought close to the first, the locking elements of the objects engage with each other. By continuing to bring the second object close in the placement direction, the latter moves relative to the first object in a direction different from the placement direction due to the arrangement and design of the locking surfaces. This relative movement causes the locking elements to engage, so that in the final locking position, tilting of the second object relative to the first object is prevented.

[0045] The procedure can involve stacking and securing multiple objects according to the steps described, for example to form a ballast stack with more than two ballast elements.

[0046] To remove the second object from the first object, the second object is preferably lifted, for example by means of an auxiliary crane or in a self-assembly operation of a mobile crane, wherein, in particular due to the arrangement and design of corresponding release surfaces as described above, the second object performs a relative movement that releases the locking mechanism, so that the second object can then be removed from the first object in the setting direction.

[0047] In one possible embodiment of the method, it is provided that the objects each have at least three first or second locking elements, wherein when the second object is placed on the first object along the placement direction, the second object rotates relative to the first object about an axis of rotation parallel to the placement direction, thereby causing the locking elements to interlock, in particular to interlock behind each other.

[0048] Further features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the exemplary embodiments explained below with reference to the figures. The figures show: Fig. 1a-c: a locking fitting with first and second locking elements according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 2a-c: different positions of the first and second locking elements during locking; Fig. 3: a perspective view of a ballast element with first and second locking elements according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 4a-d: different positions of ballast elements according to the embodiment of the Fig. 3 during placement and securing; and Fig. 5: a ballast stack with several secured ballast elements according to Fig. 3 in a perspective view.

[0049] The Fig. Figures 1a-c show an embodiment of first and second locking elements 10, 20 of the system according to the invention. In this embodiment, the first and second locking elements 10, 20 are formed on a locking fitting 30, and several stackable objects can be equipped with such locking fittings 30. These can, for example, be welded to the outside of ballast elements of a machine tool, and other machine components can also be equipped with such locking fittings 30.

[0050] The Fig. Figure 1a shows a locking fitting 30 in a front view, while a perspective view in the Fig. 1b and a side view in the Fig. Figure 1c shows a first locking element 10 on the upper side of the locking fitting 30 and a second locking element 20 on its underside.

[0051] The first locking fitting 10 can be designed as a hook-shaped, projecting element 10, while the second locking element 20 can be a correspondingly shaped receptacle 20. The locking fitting 30 can be flat or plate-shaped. The first and second locking elements 10, 20 are arranged one above the other and thus define a setback direction for the objects equipped with these locking fittings 30.

[0052] As an alternative to this embodiment shown, the first and second locking elements 10, 20 can also be separate components, formed integrally with the objects to be secured or otherwise connected to them.

[0053] The securing or locking process is in the Fig. 2a-c based on the exemplary embodiment of the Fig. 1a-c are shown, whereby for the sake of clarity only the locking fittings 30 are shown, not objects.

[0054] Here, a second object is placed in a Fig. 2a, symbolized by arrow A, is placed on or brought towards a first (lower) object. The second locking element 20, i.e., the receptacle 20, moves in the placement direction A towards the first locking element 10, i.e., the protruding element 10, so that the latter engages in the receptacle 20.

[0055] The receptacle 20 can have a first section 21, which forms an opening 24 through which the protruding element 10 enters the receptacle 20 in the setting direction A (cf. Fig. 2a) The projecting element 10 can have a first section 11 and a second section 12 spaced apart from the base body of the locking fitting 30 and adjacent to the first section 11, the latter having a greater width than the first section 11 (see Fig. 1a) In particular, the greater width is achieved by forming a locking projection 15 on one side of the projecting element 10, resulting in an overall hook shape. A surface of the locking projection 15 facing the base body of the locking fitting 30 can have or form a release surface 18, the function of which is described below.

[0056] In the exemplary embodiment of the Fig. 1a-c and Fig. 2a-c A third section 13 of the projecting element 10 adjoins the second section 12, the width of which decreases upwards (i.e., in the negative projection direction). The resulting chamfered surfaces 17 (cf. Fig. 1a) represent an insertion or centering aid for threading the protruding element 10 into the receptacle 20. As shown in the side view of the Fig. As shown in 1c, three sides of the projecting element 10 can be chamfered. The fourth side can be, as in Fig. As shown in 1c, the protruding element 10 can be straight or also beveled. Similarly, rounded surfaces or a conical end shape are conceivable.

[0057] The recording 20 has a second section 22 bordering the first section 21, the width of which is increased compared to the width of the first section 21 (cf. Fig. 2a). The width of the first section 21, i.e. the opening 24, is slightly larger than the width of the second section 12 of the projecting element 10, so that it fits through the opening 24 (cf. Fig. 2b).

[0058] The locking elements 10, 20 have locking surfaces 16, 26, which are arranged and designed such that, as the second object approaches the first object along the settling direction A, contact between the locking surfaces 16, 26 results in an additional relative movement of the locking elements 10, 20. This movement leads to a lateral movement of the second object relative to the first object, not parallel to the settling direction A. This relative movement causes the locking lugs or locking projections 15, 25 to engage behind each other. In the fully settled position, which corresponds to the locking position, the objects are thus secured to one another, preventing the second object from tilting relative to the first object.

[0059] In the exemplary embodiment of the Fig. 1a-c and Fig. 2a-c The locking fitting 30 has a chamfered or ramp-shaped locking surface 16 on the side opposite the locking projection 15 at the transition between an upper bearing surface 19 of the locking fitting 30 and the first section 11 of the projecting element 10. This can be considered part of the projecting element 10.

[0060] At the transition between a lower bearing surface 29 of the locking fitting 30 and the opening 24 or the first section 21 of the receptacle 20, there is a further locking surface 26, which can be designed as a rounded edge. When the projecting element 10 is inserted into the receptacle 20, this surface contacts the locking surface 16 of the projecting element 10 and slides along it. This results in a lateral relative movement in addition to the movement along the insertion direction A.

[0061] In the locked position (see Fig. 2c) The lower and upper bearing surfaces 19, 29 of the locking fittings 30 are in contact with each other. Due to the interaction of the locking surfaces 16, 26, a lateral displacement of the projecting element 10 relative to the receptacle 20 has occurred, such that its locking projections 15, 25 now overlap each other in the offset direction A. The projecting element 10 has thus become engaged in the receptacle 20.

[0062] To release the locking mechanism, the locking projections 15, 25 preferably have release surfaces 18, 28 on the sides facing each other in the locking position, which are in particular designed as chamfered surfaces relative to the bearing surfaces 19, 29 (see Figure 1). Fig. 1a) If the second object is now lifted, this leads to a lateral relative movement due to the chamfered unlocking surfaces 18, 28, which again dissolves the interlocking arrangement of the locking projections 15, 25.

[0063] Due to this design, the objects or locking elements 10, 20 can be locked or secured when lowered or unlocked or unlocked when lifted without moving parts.

[0064] The objects each possess several first and second locking elements 10, 20. Depending on their number and arrangement, a certain global relative movement results for the second object due to the interaction of the locking surfaces 16, 26, in particular a rotational movement.

[0065] The Fig. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of an object 1 in the form of a ballast element 1 equipped with such locking fittings 30. This can have a substantially triangular shape, although other shapes, e.g. rectangular, are also conceivable. In the embodiment shown, three of the Fig. The locking fittings 30 shown in Figures 1a-2c are attached, in particular welded, to the three flattened "corners" of the ballast element 1. The projecting elements 10 extend beyond the top surface 2 of the ballast element 1 and, due to their beveled surfaces 17, serve as a centering aid. The receptacles 20 are located on the undersides of the ballast elements 1 and are placed onto the projecting elements 10 of a ballast element 1 located below.

[0066] Since the locking elements 10, 20 are rotated relative to each other, the individual relative movements of the different locking elements 10, 20 when placing another ballast element 1 on the ballast element 1 shown result in a rotation of the placed ballast element 1 about an axis of rotation (vertical axis) parallel to the placement direction A.

[0067] The setting and securing process for such ballast elements 1 is described in the Fig. Figures 4a-d show, in the left figure a perspective view of two ballast elements 1, in the middle figure an enlarged section of two locking elements 10, 20 and in the right figure a side view of the ballast elements 1 in different positions when lowering the upper ballast element 1 onto a lower ballast element 1.

[0068] A first (lower) ballast element 1 can, for example, be located on a crane's mounting plate, on a storage platform on a chassis, or on the ground, and remains stationary. A second (upper) ballast element 1 is lifted, for example, by means of an auxiliary crane or by the crane being set up itself, moved over the first ballast element 1, and aligned with it. The suspended second ballast element 1 is positioned so that its mountings 20 are located above the projecting elements 10 of the first ballast element 1.

[0069] The second ballast element 1 is then lowered, thereby reducing the distance between the two ballast elements 1. The receptacles 20 and the projecting elements 10 move towards each other along the lowering direction A. This direction is determined by the design of the locking elements 10, 20, since the projecting elements 10 can only engage in the receptacles 20 if the lowering occurs in a direction perpendicular to the surface 2 of the first ballast element 1. In the following, the movement along the lowering direction towards the first ballast element 1 is referred to as the positive lowering direction A, and the reverse movement (lifting) as the negative lowering direction.

[0070] Due to the beveled surfaces 17 of the protruding elements 10, these act as a spatial centering aid to facilitate the positioning of the ballast elements 1 relative to each other (cf. Fig. 4a). In the correct position, by lowering the second ballast element 1, the hook-shaped protruding elements 10 move into the receptacles 20 (see Figure 4a). Fig. 4b).

[0071] Upon reaching a certain distance to the first ballast element 1, the locking surface 26 contacts the receptacle 20 (see figure). Fig. 4c: in this embodiment, this is the rounded edge between opening 24 and contact surface 29) the locking surface 16 of the protruding element 10 (cf. Fig. 4c: In this embodiment, this is the ramp-shaped transition between the support surface 19 and the first section 11). Due to the weight force, the locking surface 26 of the receptacle 20 slides along the locking surface 16 of the projecting element 10 during continued lowering. Since this occurs with all three pairs of locking elements 10, 20, the second ballast element 1 thereby performs, in addition to the translational movement in the positive lowering direction A, a rotational movement about its vertical axis (which is parallel to the lowering direction A) (cf. Fig. 4c).

[0072] Due to this relative movement, the locking projections 15, 25 of the protruding elements 10 and the receptacles 20 begin to undercut or engage (cf. Fig. 4c and Fig. 4d). The stacking process of the second ballast element 1 is completed as soon as the locking surfaces 26 of the receptacles 20 have reached the ends of the locking surfaces 16 of the projecting elements 10 (cf. Fig. 4d: this is the locking position).

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the second ballast element 1 rests in the locking position only with its lower bearing surfaces 19 on the upper bearing surfaces 29 of the first ballast element 1, since the upper and / or the lower bearing surfaces 19, 29 project beyond the surfaces of the ballast elements 1.

[0074] If the second ballast element 1 begins to lift off one side due to external influences, the undercut of the locking projections 15, 25 prevents the ballast elements 1 from lifting off each other. The second ballast element 1 must rotate about its vertical axis to release the undercut. However, when the second ballast element 1 lifts or tilts on one side, the contact surfaces 19, 29 of the ballast elements 1 rest against each other on opposite sides. The weight of the second ballast element 1 creates static friction between these surfaces 19, 29, preventing the undercut from releasing and the ballast elements 1 from lifting off each other.

[0075] By successively placing further ballast elements 1, a ballast stack with several mutually interlocked ballast elements 1 can be achieved, as exemplified in the Fig. 5 is shown with five ballast elements 1.

[0076] To separate the stacked ballast elements 1, they must be moved perpendicularly away from each other. This is achieved by lifting the second ballast element 1 in the negative lowering direction. During this movement, the locking projection 25 of the receptacle 20 slides along its release surface 28 on the release surface 18 of the locking projection 15 of the protruding element 10. This causes the second ballast element 1 to perform a rotational movement in addition to its translational movement in the negative lowering direction, the reverse of the movement during locking. This rotational movement is caused by the inclined release surfaces 18, 28. As soon as the locking projections 15, 25 are no longer in contact with each other, i.e., no longer overlapping in the lowering direction A, the second ballast element 1 moves away from the first ballast element 1 purely translationally in the negative lowering direction. Reference symbol list: 1 object (ballast element) 2 Surface 10 First locking element 11 First Section 12 Second Section 13 Third Section 15 locking projection 16 locking surface 17 Beveled surface 18 unlocking surface 19 Contact area 20 Second locking element 21 First Section 22 Second Section 23 Third Section 24-hour opening 25 Locking projection 26 locking surface 27 Beveled surface 28 unlocking surface 29 Contact area 30 locking fitting A Departure direction R Relative movement of the locking elements

Claims

[1] System for securing stacked objects (1), in particular ballast elements of a working machine, comprising a first object (1) and a second object (1) that can be placed on the first object (1), wherein the first object (1) has at least one first locking element (10) and the second object (1) has at least one second locking element (20), which are configured to move into each other in a placement direction (A) when the second object (1) is placed on the first object (1) and to lock the objects (1) together in a locking position, characterized by, that the first and second locking elements (10, 20) are arranged immovably on the objects (1) and have locking surfaces (16, 26) which, when the second object (1) is placed on the first object (1) along the placement direction (A), interact in such a way that the second object (1) moves relative to the first object (1) along a direction deviating from the placement direction (A) and thereby causes the locking elements (10, 20) to interlock. [2] System according to claim 1, wherein the first locking element (10) is designed as an element projecting from the first object (1), in particular in the setting direction (A), and the second locking element (20) is designed as a receiving element, or vice versa, wherein the projecting element (10) is preferably designed as a hook element. [3] System according to the preceding claim, wherein the receptacle (20) comprises a first section (21) with an opening (24) through which the projecting element (10) can be inserted, and a second section (22) adjoining the first section (21) with a width increased compared to the first section (21), wherein preferably the projecting element (10) comprises a first section (11) and a second section (12) adjoining the first section (11) with a width increased compared to the first section (11), and the width of the second section (12) of the projecting element (10) is smaller than the width of the first section (21) of the receptacle (20). [4] System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the locking elements (10, 20) comprise locking projections (15, 25) which interlock each other in the locking position, wherein the locking surfaces (16, 26) are preferably not arranged on the locking projections (15, 25). [5] System according to the two preceding claims, wherein the locking projection (25) of the receptacle (20) is formed on its first section (21) and / or the locking projection (15) of the protruding element (10) is formed on its second section (12). [6] System according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the locking projections (15, 25) comprise unlocking surfaces (18, 28) which are designed such that they are opposite each other in the locking position and, when the second object (1) is moved in the setting direction (A) away from the first object (1), interact in such a way that the second object (1) moves relative to the first object (1) along a direction different from the setting direction (A) and thereby releases the interlocking of the locking elements (10, 20). [7] System according to one of the preceding claims and further developed by the features of claim 2, wherein the projecting element (10) has at least one, preferably at least two, particularly preferably three chamfered surfaces (17) at its end facing away from the associated object (1) to facilitate insertion into the receptacle (20). [8] System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the locking elements (10, 20) have no moving parts. [9] System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the objects (1) each have at least two, in particular at least three, first or second locking elements (10, 20), wherein the locking surfaces (16, 26) are preferably designed such that when the second object (1) is placed on the first object (1) along the placement direction (A), they interact in such a way that the second object (1) rotates relative to the first object (1) about an axis of rotation parallel to the placement direction (A) and thereby causes the locking elements (10, 20) to interlock. [10] System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the objects (1) are designed as ballast elements, wherein the ballast elements (1) preferably have a flat and / or substantially triangular shape. [11] System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each object (1) has at least one first and at least one second locking element (10, 20), wherein the first and second locking elements (10, 20) of an object (1) are preferably arranged one above the other in the drop direction (A) and / or are formed integrally in a locking fitting (30) connected with the object (1). [12] System according to one of the preceding claims, comprising more than two objects (1) which can be locked together in pairs via first and second locking elements (10, 20). [13] Working machine, in particular mobile crane, comprising a system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second objects (1) are preferably designed as ballast elements. [14] Method for securing objects (1) of a system according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the second object (1) is brought towards the first object (1) in the setting direction (A) so that the locking elements (10, 20) of the objects (1) engage with each other, wherein, during continued bringing towards in the setting direction (A), due to the arrangement and design of the locking surfaces (16, 26), the second object (1) moves relative to the first object (1) in a direction deviating from the setting direction (A), wherein, due to said relative movement, the locking elements (10, 20) engage with each other, so that, in particular in the locking position, a tilting of the second object (1) relative to the first object (1) is blocked. [15] Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the objects (1) each have at least three first or second locking elements (10, 20), wherein when the second object (1) is placed on the first object (1) along the placement direction (A), the second object (1) rotates relative to the first object (1) about an axis of rotation parallel to the placement direction (A) and thereby causes the locking elements (10, 20) to interlock.

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