Electrical energy storage system and system comprising the energy storage

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical energy storage device (1) for supplying an electrically driven processing device (2) with electrical drive power (AL) and / or a further electrical energy storage device (1''') for the processing device (2) with electrical charging power (LL), wherein the energy storage device (1) comprises: - a series connection of electrical energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n), - at least one series circuit of electrical measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n), - electrical measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n), wherein the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) are connected between one end (ZE) of the series connection of the energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and one end (RE) of the series connection of the measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) and between at least one node (ZK1, ..., ZKn-1) of the next energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and at least one node (RK1, ... RKn-1) of the next measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) to assign at least one respective measuring resistor (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) to at least one respective energy storage cell (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n), - a measuring device (3), wherein the measuring device (3) is designed for measuring a measured voltage quantity (MSP) dropping across at least one measuring resistor (R_1), and - a control device (4), wherein the control device (4) is configured to control the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) for determining individual charge states (LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn) of the energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and proper operating states (FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn) of the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) depending on measurements of the measured voltage quantity (MSP), - where the ratios of resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) to nominal voltage values ​​of the associated energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) are unequal to an equalization of changes in the individual charge states (LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn) caused by the determination.

Description

SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND STATE OF THE ART

[0001] The invention relates to an electrical energy storage device, a system comprising the energy storage device and a method for controlling electrical measuring switches of the energy storage device. TASK AND SOLUTION

[0002] The invention is based on the objective of providing an electrical energy storage device, a system comprising the energy storage device and a method for controlling electrical measuring switches of the energy storage device, each of which has, in particular, improved properties.

[0003] The invention solves this problem by providing an electrical energy storage device and a method described in the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0004] The electrical energy storage device according to the invention is designed to supply an electrically driven processing device with electrical drive power and / or a further electrical energy storage device for the processing device with electrical charging power. The energy storage device comprises at least, and in particular precisely, a series connection of electrical energy storage cells, at least, and in particular precisely, a series connection of electrical measuring resistors, electrical measuring switches, a measuring device, and a control device.The measuring switches are connected between, in particular precisely, one end of the series connection of the energy storage cells and, in particular precisely, one corresponding end of the series connection of the measuring resistors, as well as between at least one node of the next energy storage cells, in particular of the series connection, and at least one node of the next measuring resistors, in particular of the series connection, for the purpose of assigning at least one respective measuring resistor, in particular the measuring resistors, to at least one respective energy storage cell, in particular the energy storage cells, in particular directly and / or permanently. The measuring device is designed for measuring a voltage quantity, in particular directly, dropping across at least one measuring resistor, in particular the measuring resistors.The control unit is designed to control the measuring switches for determining the individual charge states of the energy storage cells, particularly those connected in series, and for verifying the proper functioning of the measuring switches based on measurements of the measured voltage. Ratios between the resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors and the nominal voltage values ​​of the associated energy storage cells are used to compensate for changes in the individual charge states caused by these measurements.

[0005] Determining the proper operating states can cause changes in the individual charge states or an uneven discharge or load on the energy storage cells. These unequal ratios, resulting from the determination of the individual charge states, can lead to an opposing or counteracting unequal discharge or load on the energy storage cells, thus equalizing the changes in the individual charge states, particularly in contrast to unequal ratios not in the invention. This, therefore, makes it possible to reduce, minimize, or even avoid debalancing of the energy storage cells, or to balance the energy storage cells.

[0006] In particular, the terms “configured”, “set up” or “intended” or the English phrase “programmed to perform the function / s of” can be used synonymously with the term “trained”.

[0007] The terms "include" or "have" can be used synonymously with the term "exhibits".

[0008] The term component "Serie" can be used synonymously with the term component "Reihe".

[0009] For each energy storage cell connected in series, energy storage cells can be connected in parallel, or in the series connection, energy storage cells can be in a parallel connection, in particular, each one. In particular, each parallel connection can be assigned at least, in particular exactly, one measuring resistor, in particular measuring resistors.

[0010] The measuring resistors can be ohmic resistors.

[0011] The measuring switches can be transistors.

[0012] The measuring device and / or the control device may be electrical and / or include a computing device and / or a processor and / or a microcontroller and / or a storage device and / or a computer.

[0013] The term component "unit" can be used synonymously with the term component "facility".

[0014] The term component "control" can be used synonymously with the term component "steering".

[0015] The end can be an upper end and / or an endpoint.

[0016] The node can be a junction point and / or a connecting node.

[0017] The term "neighboring" can be used synonymously with the term "next".

[0018] The term "arranged" can be used synonymously with the term "inserted".

[0019] The term "direct" can be used synonymously with the term "immediately".

[0020] It can be direct, without an intermediate component and / or without voltage drop and / or at the same potential.

[0021] The assignment can be a single assignment.

[0022] The measurement and / or control can be implemented automatically and / or by computer.

[0023] The measured voltage quantity can have a value and / or be a measured voltage.

[0024] The measuring resistor for measuring the measured voltage quantity can be a first or lowest measuring resistor, or located at the beginning or lower end of the series connection of measuring resistors.

[0025] The control can be individual control and / or control of, in particular closed or conductive, switching states of the measuring switches.

[0026] The individual charge states can have a value and / or be individual charge voltages.

[0027] The functional states can be individual functional states.

[0028] The term component "individual" can be used synonymously with the term component "single".

[0029] The terms "correct" or "flawless" can be used synonymously with the term "properly".

[0030] The phrase “based on” can be used synonymously with the phrase “depending on”.

[0031] The changes can include reductions in size.

[0032] The term “symmetrization”, “symmetrization” or “compensation” can be used synonymously with the term “adjustment”.

[0033] The term "asymmetrical" can be used synonymously with the term "unequal".

[0034] The ratios may differ more or greater than manufacturing tolerances, especially of the measuring resistors and / or the energy storage cells.

[0035] The adjustment can be equal to or less than manufacturing tolerances, especially of the energy storage cells.

[0036] Furthermore, reference is made to the specialist literature.

[0037] In a further development of the invention, the energy storage device is, in particular, either mobile and / or part of a means of transport or stationary. Additionally or alternatively, the energy storage device is an energy storage pack, in particular a battery pack. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the energy storage cells are accumulator cells. In particular, the term "portable" can be used synonymously with the term "mobile". Additionally or alternatively, the mobile energy storage device can have a mass of a maximum of 50 kg (kilograms), in particular a maximum of 20 kg, in particular a maximum of 10 kg, in particular a maximum of 5 kg, and / or a minimum of 0.2 kg, in particular a minimum of 0.5 kg, in particular a minimum of 1 kg, in particular a minimum of 2 kg. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the means of transport can be a vehicle, in particular a land vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, in particular an automobile, or a two-wheeler, in particular a motorcycle, or a trailer.Additionally or alternatively, the energy storage device can be a mobile power bank and / or an energy storage unit mounted on a trailer. Furthermore, the term "battery pack" can be used synonymously with "accumulator pack." Additionally or alternatively, the accumulator pack can be rechargeable. Additionally or alternatively, the accumulator cells can be rechargeable. For further information, please refer to the relevant technical literature.

[0038] In a further development of the invention, a plurality, in particular all, of the energy storage cells, in particular a numerical value of the plurality, and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring resistors, in particular a numerical value of the plurality, and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring switches, in particular a numerical value of the plurality, are identical. This enables a simple design of the energy storage device and / or a simple control of the measuring switches, in particular for a simple determination of the individual charge states and of the proper operating states.

[0039] In a further development of the invention, the measuring switches are connected in series such that, in a closed switching state or by closing a measuring switch, at least, and in particular precisely, one measuring resistor, and at least, and in particular precisely, one energy storage cell, are connected in series. This allows the assignment of at least the respective measuring resistor to at least the respective energy storage cell. In particular, the measuring switches can be connected in series such that, in a closed switching state of a measuring switch, a series connection of measuring resistors and a series connection of energy storage cells can be connected in series. In other words: At least one measuring switch can assign a series connection of measuring resistors to a series connection of energy storage cells.In other words, these can be described as medium-voltage taps that can be connected to the potentials of the energy storage cells. Additionally or alternatively, the measuring resistor and at least the energy storage cell can or need not be connected in series in an open or blocked switching state, or by opening a measuring switch.

[0040] In a further development of the invention, at least, and in particular exactly, one, in particular the first or lowest, energy storage cell, and in particular the series connection of the energy storage cells with a starting point, is electrically connected to a reference potential, in particular directly and / or permanently. Additionally or alternatively, a measuring resistor, in particular the measuring resistor for measuring the measured voltage quantity, and / or the series connection of the measuring resistors with a starting point, is electrically connected to the reference potential, in particular directly and / or permanently. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the measuring switches are electrically connected to the reference potential by means of at least one energy storage cell and / or at least one measuring resistor, and in particular the measuring device between them, in particular permanently.Furthermore, or alternatively, the measuring device is electrically connected to the reference potential by means of, in particular precisely, the measuring resistor for the measurement of the measured voltage quantity, and in particular in a fixed manner. In particular, the beginning can be different from the end and / or be a lower end.

[0041] In a further development of the invention, a sequence of ratio values ​​decreases or falls, starting with or from the measuring resistance, in relation to the measured voltage quantity, in particular the reference potential, and is particularly strictly monotonical towards the end. This enables a particularly good or even optimal adjustment of the changes in the individual charge states caused by the determination. In particular, the sequence can be a series and / or a cascade.

[0042] In a further development of the invention, the nominal voltage values ​​are the same. Additionally or alternatively, the resistance values ​​are different. This allows for a simpler design of the energy storage device, particularly in contrast to devices with different nominal voltage values ​​and / or identical resistance values. Specifically, the resistance values ​​can be different to compensate for changes in the individual charge states caused by the measurement process. Additionally or alternatively, the resistance values ​​can differ by more than or greater than manufacturing tolerances, especially those of the measuring resistors. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the nominal voltage values ​​can be equal to or less than the manufacturing tolerances, especially those of the energy storage cells.

[0043] In a further development of the invention, the ratios and / or durations and / or a time sequence and / or a frequency of activation of the measuring switches are such that, on average over time, the changes in the individual charge states are balanced, in particular equalized or evenly distributed. This allows for greater flexibility in balancing the energy storage cells, in particular in controlling the balancing or the individual charge states.

[0044] In a further development of the invention, the control device for determining the individual charge states is configured to actuate or close a measuring switch, in particular the measuring switch, at the end of the series connection of the energy storage cells and the end of the series connection of the measuring resistors to a closed switching state, and thereby actuate or close in successive steps, in particular precisely or always only, a further or additional measuring switch, in particular the measuring switch, to a closed switching state until all further measuring switches have been actuated or closed, in particular once. Additionally or alternatively, the control device is configured to determine the proper operating states in successive steps, in particular precisely or always onlyThe process involves repeatedly actuating only one measuring switch, in particular the measuring switch, to a closed switching state until all measuring switches have been actuated, in particular once. Specifically, the measuring switch at the end can be the last or uppermost measuring switch and / or the one furthest from the measuring resistor used to measure the voltage. Additionally or alternatively, the phrase "sequentially" can be used synonymously with "consecutively".

[0045] In a further development of the invention, the energy storage device includes a determination device. The determination device is designed to determine the individual charge states and the proper operating states depending on, in particular, the closed switching states of the measuring switches and the associated measurements of the measured voltage. In particular, the determination device can be electrical and / or include a computing device and / or a processor and / or a microcontroller and / or a storage device and / or a computer. Additionally or alternatively, the determination can be automatic and / or computer-implemented. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the individual charge states can be determined by converting the measured voltage values ​​based on at least one, in particular, stored or...The stored curve and / or at least one, in particular stored, model are determined, in particular calculated, taking into account temperature, currents and / or the aging of the energy storage cells. For further details, please refer to the relevant literature.

[0046] The system according to the invention comprises the electrical energy storage device as mentioned above and an electrically driven, in particular the electrically driven, processing device. In particular, the processing device is ground- and / or hand-guided, in particular hand-carried, and / or a garden, forestry, construction, and / or soil cultivation device. In particular, the garden, forestry, construction, and / or soil cultivation device is a saw, or a pole pruner, or a hedge trimmer, or a hedge cutter, or a shrub cutter, or a branch cutter, or an angle grinder, or a blower, or a leaf blower, or a vacuum cleaner, or a leaf vacuum, or a cleaning device, or a pressure washer, or a sweeper, or a sweeping roller, or a sweeping brush, or a lawnmower, or grass shears, or a brush cutter, or a scarifier.Additionally or alternatively, the processing device is an autonomous mobile processing robot, in particular a robotic lawnmower. When supplying such a processing device with the drive power from the energy storage system, balancing the energy storage cells is particularly advantageous. In particular, the processing device can be motor-driven, especially with the drive or discharge power from the energy storage system. Additionally or alternatively, the energy storage system and the processing device can be configured to form an electrical, and in particular mechanical and / or tool-free and / or, in particular non-destructive, user-releasable connection to each other, in particular the connection. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the energy storage system and the processing device, in particular the processing robot, can form an electrical, and in particular mechanical, fixed or...The components must be permanently connected, particularly not without tools and / or not user-removable, especially not non-destructively. In particular, the energy storage device may be permanently installed in the processing unit. Furthermore, the term "self-propelled" can be used synonymously with "autonomous mobile" or "self-propelled." For further information, please refer to the relevant technical literature.

[0047] Additionally or alternatively, the system can include the electrical energy storage device as previously mentioned and a further electrical energy storage device, in particular the following. In particular, the energy storage device and the further energy storage device can be configured to form an electrical, and in particular mechanical and / or tool-free and / or, in particular non-destructive, user-releasable connection to each other, in particular the connection.

[0048] The method according to the invention is for at least controlling the electrical measuring switches for determining, and in particular determining, the individual charge states of the series connection of electrical energy storage cells and the proper functioning of the measuring switches of the electrical energy storage device for supplying the electrically driven processing device with electrical drive power and / or the further electrical energy storage device for the processing device with electrical charging power. The energy storage device is configured as described above. The method can offer the same advantages as described above for the energy storage device. In particular, the method can be implemented automatically and / or by computer and / or be carried out repeatedly using the energy storage device, in particular the control device and the measuring device, and in particular the determination device, and / or, in particular, multiple times.In particular, the term “take place” or the phrase “be carried out” or “be implemented” can be used synonymously with the phrase “be executed”. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Further advantages and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the claims and from the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are explained below with reference to the figures. These show: Fig. 1 a schematic view, in particular a circuit diagram, of a system according to the invention comprising an electrical energy storage device according to the invention and a method according to the invention for controlling electrical measuring switches of the energy storage device, Fig. 2 a schematic view of the energy storage system when determining individual charge states of energy storage cells of the energy storage system, Fig. 3 a schematic view of the energy storage device when determining the proper functioning states of the measuring switches, Fig. 4. A schematic view of the respective charge quantities taken from the energy storage cells during the determination of the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 over time, Fig. 5 showing a schematic view of the system, an electrically driven processing device, Fig. 6. A schematic view of the respective charge quantities taken from the energy storage cells during the determination of the Fig. 3 and Fig. 2 over time, and Fig. 7 A schematic view of the balancing of the energy storage cells as the difference of a charge as a function of a resistance and a temporal frequency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXECUTION EXAMPLES

[0050] Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 to Fig. Figure 7 shows a system 10 according to the invention comprising an electrical energy storage device 1 according to the invention and a method according to the invention for controlling electrical measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n of the energy storage device 1.

[0051] The electrical energy storage device 1 is designed to supply an electrically driven processing device 2 with electrical drive power AL and / or a further electrical energy storage device 1''' for the processing device 2 with electrical charging power LL. The energy storage device 1 comprises a series connection of electrical energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n, at least a series connection of electrical measuring resistors R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n, the electrical measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n, a measuring device 3 and a control device 4. The measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n are located between one end ZE of the series connection of the energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n and one end RE of the series connection of the measuring resistors R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n, as well as between at least one node ZK1, ..., ZKn-1 of the next energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n and at least one node RK1, ...RKn-1 is connected in series with measuring resistors R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n to assign at least one measuring resistor R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n to at least one energy storage cell Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n. The measuring device 3 is designed to measure a measured voltage quantity MSP across at least one measuring resistor R_1, in particular, it measures. The control device 4 is designed to control the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n for determining individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn of the energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n and proper operating states FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn of the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n as a function of measurements of the measured voltage quantity MSP, in particular, it controls. Ratios of resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n to nominal voltage values ​​of the associated energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n are to equalize changes in the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn caused by the determination of unequal.

[0052] System 10 comprises the electrically powered processing device 2. In particular, the processing device 2 is ground- and / or hand-operated, especially hand-carried, and / or a garden, forestry, construction, and / or soil cultivation device 2'. In particular, the garden, forestry, construction, and / or soil cultivation device 2' is a saw, or a pole pruner, or a hedge trimmer, or a hedge cutter, or a shrub cutter, or a branch cutter, or an angle grinder, or a blower, or a leaf blower, or a vacuum, or a leaf vacuum, or a cleaning device, or a pressure washer, or a sweeper, or a sweeping roller, or a sweeping brush, or a lawnmower 2'', or grass shears, or a brush cutter, or a scarifier. Additionally or alternatively, the processing device 2 is an autonomous mobile processing robot 2''', in particular a robotic lawnmower 2''''.

[0053] In detail, a plurality, in particular all, of the energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring resistors R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n are the same.

[0054] In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality or n is ten. In alternative embodiments, the plurality or n can be at least two, in particular at least five, and in particular more than ten. Additionally or alternatively, in alternative embodiments, energy storage cells can be connected in series in a parallel connection, such as 2p10s - (2 parallel 10 in series) or 3p10s3p.

[0055] Furthermore, the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n are connected in series such that in a closed switching state of a measuring switch S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n, a measuring resistor R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n and an energy storage cell Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n are connected in series and assigned to each other.

[0056] Furthermore, an energy storage cell Z_1, in particular the series connection of energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n with a starting point ZA, is electrically connected to a reference potential GND. Additionally or alternatively, a measuring resistor R_1, in particular the measuring resistor R_1 associated with the energy storage cell Z_1, and / or the series connection of measuring resistors R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n with a starting point RA, is electrically connected to the reference potential GND. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n are electrically connected to the reference potential GND by means of at least one energy storage cell Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n and / or at least one measuring resistor R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the measuring device 3 is electrically connected to the reference potential GND by means of the measuring resistor R_1 for the measurement of the measured voltage MSP.

[0057] Furthermore, a sequence of ratios starting with the measuring resistor R_1 to the measurement of the measured voltage quantity MSP is particularly strictly monotonic.

[0058] Furthermore, the nominal voltage values ​​are the same. Additionally or alternatively, the resistance values ​​are different.

[0059] Furthermore, the ratios and / or time durations T1, T2 and / or a time sequence and / or a temporal frequency ZH of the control of the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n are such that, on a temporal average, the changes in the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn are aligned, in particular equal.

[0060] Furthermore, the control device 4 is designed for determining the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn, to control a measuring switch S_n at the end ZE of the series connection of the energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n and the end RE of the series connection of the measuring resistors R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n to a closed switching state and, in successive steps, to control another measuring switch S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n-1 to a closed switching state until all other measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n-1 have been controlled, in particular, controls as shown in Fig. 2 shown. Additionally or alternatively, the control device 4 is designed to determine the proper operating states FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn by successively controlling a measuring switch S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n to a closed switching state until all measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n have been controlled, in particular by controlling as shown in Fig. 3 shown.

[0061] For the sake of clarity, the illustrated embodiment does not show the control connections from the control device to the measuring switches for their control.

[0062] Furthermore, the energy storage device has a determination device 5. The determination device 5 is designed, in particular, to determine the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn and the proper operating states FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn as a function of the closed switching states of the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n and the measurements of the measured voltage quantity MSP.

[0063] The method is for controlling the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n for the determination, in particular, of the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn of the series connection of electrical energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n and the proper operating states FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn of the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n of the electrical energy storage device 1.

[0064] The procedure, in particular the steps, is detailed as follows: - Activating the measuring switch S_n at the end ZE of the series connection of the energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n and the end RE of the series connection of the measuring resistors R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n to the closed switching state and thereby in successive steps activating the further measuring switch S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n-1 to the closed switching state until all further measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n-1 have been activated. - In time thereafter, as in Fig. 4 shown, and / or earlier in time, as in Fig. Figure 6 shows: In successive steps, the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n are activated in the closed switching state until all measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n have been activated.

[0065] When determining the proper operating states FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn of the measuring switches S_1, ..., S_i, ... S_n, the energy storage cell Z_1, electrically connected to the reference potential GND, is subjected to the highest or most frequent load, and, in particular, all other energy storage cells Z_2, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n are subjected to a decreasing or falling load, in particular a strictly monotonical load, as shown in Fig. 3 shown.

[0066] When determining the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn of the energy storage cells Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n, the energy storage cell Z_1 is electrically connected to the reference potential GND and is subjected to the lowest or least load, and, in particular, all other energy storage cells Z_2, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n are charged progressively, in particular strictly monotonically, as in Fig. 2 shown. In particular, a larger circulating current flows through the upper energy storage cells than through the lower energy storage cells.

[0067] Furthermore, the determination of the proper functional states FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn is not performed as frequently as the determination of the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn, e.g. in a ratio of 1:199.

[0068] Furthermore, for example, the time period T1 for determining the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn is 199 x 10 ms (milliseconds) and the time period T2 for determining the proper operating states FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn is 1 x 10 ms.

[0069] Additionally or alternatively, the ratio values ​​are, for example, a minimum of 0.1 per mille, in particular a minimum of 0.2 per mille, in particular a minimum of 0.5 per mille, and / or a maximum of 100 per mille, in particular a maximum of 50 per mille, in particular a maximum of 20 per mille, in particular a maximum of 10 per mille, in particular a maximum of 5 per mille, in particular a maximum of 2 per mille, in particular a maximum of 1 per mille, unequal, in particular from measuring resistor to measuring resistor.

[0070] Additional or alternatively, the nominal voltage values ​​are, for example, a minimum of 2 V (volts) and / or a maximum of 4 V, in particular 3.6 V.

[0071] Thus, on average over time, the changes in the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn are equalized, in particular, they are the same. And if, on average over time, the changes in the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn are not equalized, in particular not sufficiently equalized, the ratio is changed, as in Fig.Figure 7 shows that, for example, the ratio is changed to 1:149 if the lowest cell voltage is too low, and the ratio is changed to 1:249 if the lowest cell voltage is too high. This allows for simple control, particularly two-point control, of the balancing or individual charge states, especially without requiring significant computing power. At a minimum, the changes in the individual charge states LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn are thus balanced, and in particular equal, over time.

[0072] As the exemplary embodiments shown and explained above clearly demonstrate, the invention provides an advantageous electrical energy storage device, an advantageous system comprising the energy storage device, and an advantageous method for controlling electrical measuring switches of the energy storage device, which have improved properties.

Claims

[1] Electrical energy storage device (1) for supplying an electrically driven processing device (2) with electrical drive power (AL) and / or a further electrical energy storage device (1''') for the processing device (2) with electrical charging power (LL), wherein the energy storage device (1) comprises: - a series connection of electrical energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n), - at least one series circuit of electrical measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n), - electrical measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n), wherein the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) are connected between one end (ZE) of the series connection of the energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and one end (RE) of the series connection of the measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) and between at least one node (ZK1, ..., ZKn-1) of the next energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and at least one node (RK1, ... RKn-1) of the next measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) to assign at least one respective measuring resistor (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) to at least one respective energy storage cell (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n), - a measuring device (3), wherein the measuring device (3) is designed for measuring a measured voltage quantity (MSP) dropping across at least one measuring resistor (R_1), and - a control device (4), wherein the control device (4) is configured to control the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) for determining individual charge states (LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn) of the energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and proper operating states (FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn) of the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) depending on measurements of the measured voltage quantity (MSP), - where the ratios of resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) to nominal voltage values ​​of the associated energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) are unequal to an equalization of changes in the individual charge states (LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn) caused by the determination. [2] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to the preceding claim, - wherein a plurality, in particular all, of the energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) and / or a plurality, in particular all, of the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) are the same. [3] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) are connected in series such that in a closed switching state (closed) of a measuring switch (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) a measuring resistor (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) and an energy storage cell (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) are connected in series. [4] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein an energy storage cell (Z_1), in particular the series connection of the energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) with a start (ZA), is electrically connected to a reference potential (GND), and / or - wherein a measuring resistor (R_1), in particular the measuring resistor (R_1) associated with the energy storage cell (Z_1), is used for measuring the measured voltage quantity (MSP) and / or the series connection of the measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) with a starting point (RA) is electrically connected to the reference potential (GND), and / or - wherein the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) are electrically connected to the reference potential (GND) by means of at least one energy storage cell (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and / or at least one measuring resistor (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n), and / or - wherein the measuring device (3) is electrically connected to the reference potential (GND) by means of the measuring resistor (R_1) for the measurement of the measured voltage quantity (MSP). [5] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - where a sequence of ratios starting with the measuring resistance (R_1) to the measurement of the measured voltage quantity (MSP) is in particular strictly monotonical. [6] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - where the nominal voltage values ​​are the same, and / or - where the resistance values ​​are unequal. [7] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the ratios and / or time durations (T1, T2) and / or a time sequence and / or a temporal frequency (ZH) of the control of the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) are such that, on a temporal average, the changes in the individual charge states (LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn) are equalized, in particular, are the same. [8] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, - wherein the control device (4) is configured for determining the individual charge states (LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn), to control a measuring switch (S_n) at the end (ZE) of the series connection of the energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and the end (RE) of the series connection of the measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) to a closed switching state (closed) and thereby in successive steps to control another measuring switch (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n-1) to a closed switching state (closed) until all other measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n-1) have been controlled, and / or - wherein the control device (4) is designed to determine the proper operating states (FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn) by successively controlling a measuring switch (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) to a closed switching state (closed) until all measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) have been controlled. [9] Electrical energy storage device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage device (1) comprises: - a determination device (5), wherein the determination device (5) is designed to determine the individual charge states (LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn) and the proper operating states (FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn) depending on the switching states (closed) of the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) and the measurements of the measured voltage quantity (MSP). [10] System (10), wherein the system (10) comprises: - the electrical energy storage device (1) according to one of the preceding claims and - an electrically driven processing device (2), - in particular wherein the processing equipment (2) is ground- and / or hand-operated, in particular hand-carried, and / or is a garden, forestry, construction and / or soil cultivation tool (2'), in particular a saw, or a pole pruner, or a hedge shear, or a hedge cutter, or a shrub cutter, or a branch cutter, or a cut-off saw, or a blower, or a leaf blower, or a vacuum, or a leaf vacuum, or a cleaning tool, or a pressure washer, or a sweeper, or a sweeping roller, or a sweeping brush, or a lawn mower (2''), or grass shears, or a brush cutter, or a scarifier, and / or - in particular wherein the processing device (2) is an autonomous mobile processing robot (2'''), in particular a lawn mowing robot (2'''). [11] Method for controlling electrical measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) for determining, in particular, individual charge states (LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn) of a series connection of electrical energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and proper operating states (FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn) of the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) of an electrical energy storage device (1) for supplying an electrically driven processing device (2) with electrical drive power (AL) and / or a further electrical energy storage device (1''') for the processing device (2) with electrical charging power (LL), wherein the energy storage device (1) comprises: - the series connection of electrical energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n), - at least one series circuit of electrical measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n), - the electrical measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n), wherein the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) are connected between one end (ZE) of the series connection of the energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and one end (RE) of the series connection of the measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) and between at least one node (ZK1, ..., ZKn-1) of the next energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and at least one node (RK1, ... RKn-1) of the next measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) to assign at least one respective measuring resistor (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) to at least one respective energy storage cell (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n), - a measuring device (3), wherein the measuring device (3) is designed for measuring a measured voltage quantity (MSP) dropping across at least one measuring resistor (R_1), and - a control device (4), wherein the control device (4) is designed to control the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) for the determination, in particular, of the individual charge states (LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn) of the energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) and of the proper operating states (FS1, ..., FSi, ..., FSn) of the measuring switches (S_1, ..., S_i, ..., S_n) as a function of measurements of the measured voltage quantity (MSP), - where the ratios of resistance values ​​of the measuring resistors (R_1, ..., R_i, ..., R_n) to nominal voltage values ​​of the associated energy storage cells (Z_1, ..., Z_i, ..., Z_n) are unequal to an equalization of changes in the individual charge states (LZ1, ..., LZi, ..., LZn) caused by the determination.

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