Cable harness and method for its manufacture
The cable harness design with a conductive plate and plastic body simplifies manufacturing and assembly, achieving efficient shielding and grounding, addressing the inefficiencies of existing processes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- DE · DE
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- AUDI AG
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing cable harness manufacturing and assembly processes are complex, inefficient, and costly, lacking a simplified and cost-effective method for integrating conductor shields with a common metal plate for efficient grounding and shielding.
A cable harness design featuring an electrically conductive plate with projections and a plastic body, where the conductor shield is folded over to the plate's projection, establishing a conductive connection, and a fastener secures the shield to an object, allowing for efficient assembly and grounding.
The design simplifies manufacturing and assembly, enabling efficient installation while providing effective shielding and grounding, reducing costs and enhancing flexibility.
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Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a cable harness and a method for its manufacture.
[0002] A cable harness is usually a bundle of individual cables or wires that transmit signals (information) or operating currents (energy).
[0003] Several cables can be combined into a wiring harness according to the design specifications and routed as a cable string, which is held together, for example, by sheathing, clamps, cable ties, binding twine, or tubing. This harness, which has limited flexibility, is then installed, for example, in a vehicle.
[0004] Cable harnesses are generally assembled according to geometric and electrical requirements.
[0005] In electrical engineering, various cables and wires are shielded in a well-known manner. A shield current generated in a conductor shield can be transferred via a connector on the cable, for example, to a housing to which the connector is attached.
[0006] A cable harness with several shielded conductors, whose conductor shields are connected to a common metal plate of a connector, is known, for example, from US 2021 / 0125742A1. The metal plate can be screwed to a housing via mounting holes.
[0007] A wiring harness with a similar design is also known from US 2023 / 0 022 337 A1.
[0008] From US patent 2015 / 0325947A1, an electrical connection and fastening structure is also known in which several electrical conductors are routed through a wall or housing by means of a single component. The known solution features a plate-like structure with multiple openings for electrical conductors and fastening points for mounting on a structure. Electrical contact and mechanical fixation are achieved via multi-part assemblies.
[0009] DE 10 2021 204 119 A1 further discloses a shielding assembly for the electromagnetic shielding of electrical or electronic components, in which a metal insert is integrated into a plastic cover. The metal insert is partially exposed and available for contact with a contact structure arrangement of a housing part. The known solution aims at the area-wide shielding of housing interiors.
[0010] From EP 3 573 204 A1, an electrical multi-feedthrough element is also known in which several electrical connectors are integrated into a frame-like component to enable a common feedthrough through a wall or structure. The known solution is specifically designed to seal pressure differentials and provides monolithically formed connector receptacles.
[0011] Against this background, the invention aims to provide a cable harness and a method for its manufacture that enable simplified, efficient and cost-effective manufacturing and assembly.
[0012] This problem is solved by a cable harness having the features of claim 1 and by a method for manufacturing a cable harness having the features of claim 7. Further particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the respective dependent claims.
[0013] It should be noted that the conjunction “and / or” used herein, which stands between two features and links them together, is always to be interpreted in such a way that in a first embodiment of the object according to the invention only the first feature may be present, in a second embodiment only the second feature may be present, and in a third embodiment both the first and the second feature may be present.
[0014] The invention relates to a cable harness comprising at least one electrical conductor, which in turn comprises an electrically conductive core conductor, an electrically non-conductive sheath surrounding the respective electrically conductive core conductor, and an electrically conductive shield surrounding the electrically non-conductive sheath. Furthermore, the cable harness comprises at least one electrically conductive plate, which has at least one entry hole through which the electrical conductor is guided, a first projection extending from an edge of the entry hole, at least one mounting hole for receiving a fastening means by which the plate can be attached to an object (e.g., a housing), and a second projection extending from an edge of the mounting hole.
[0015] It is understood that the fastening means and the object to which the cable harness is to be attached are not components of the cable harness according to the invention and do not restrict it.
[0016] The cable harness further comprises at least one fastening element that secures a section of the conductor shield, folded over to an outer circumferential surface of the first projection, to the first projection. The cable harness also comprises a plastic body that encloses the at least one electrically conductive plate on the outside, with the outer circumferential surface of the first projection and a portion of the second projection protruding from the plastic body.
[0017] In other words, the electrically conductive plate is embedded (e.g., cast) in the plastic body, meaning that the narrow and wide sides of the plate are snugly enclosed by the plastic body. In contrast, part of the first projection and part of the second projection are not enclosed by the plastic body. According to the invention, they therefore protrude from the plastic body. However, a spatial projection relative to a surface of the plastic body is not strictly necessary.
[0018] It is important to understand that the first and second protrusions are electrically conductive and connected to the plate. In this way, the conductor shield is electrically connected to the conductive plate via the first protrusion. Since the second protrusion, which extends from the edge of the mounting hole, is not enclosed by the plastic body, it provides a contact surface for the fastener inserted into the mounting hole. If the fastener is electrically conductive, it automatically establishes a conductive connection to the object, such as a housing, to which the cable harness or conductive plate is to be attached. The object can be electrically conductive to receive and, if necessary, also dissipate (e.g., ground) any shield current carried in the conductor shield.
[0019] The electrically conductive plate can be essentially completely enclosed by the plastic body, except for the outer circumferential surface of the first projection and the area of the second projection, and thus protected from external influences (e.g., corrosion). This simplifies the manufacturing of the wiring harness. The electrically conductive plate, enclosed by the plastic body, can be supplied as a prefabricated component to which the at least one conductor and its shield are attached in a single assembly step, as described herein. Manufacturing the wiring harness can be carried out efficiently and cost-effectively. The wiring harness assembled in this way enables efficient installation, e.g., in a vehicle.
[0020] In an advantageous embodiment, the first projection is formed integrally with the electrically conductive plate.
[0021] In another preferred embodiment, the second projection is formed integrally with the electrically conductive plate.
[0022] In both of the aforementioned embodiments, the electrically conductive plate can be provided in a structural unit with the first and / or the second projection, thereby further simplifying the manufacture and assembly of the cable harness.
[0023] Further embodiments provide that the cable harness has several electrically conductive plates. That is, each individual plate has at least the insertion hole with the first projection and at least the mounting hole with the second projection. In this case, the plastic body encloses all the conductive plates, with the respective outer circumferential surfaces of the first projections and the respective areas of the second projections protruding from the plastic body. The plastic body holds the individual electrically conductive plates in a desired arrangement.
[0024] If the plastic body is not electrically conductive, the individual electrically conductive plates are arranged within the plastic body, electrically insulated from each other. This can be advantageously used to implement special shielding concepts.
[0025] Alternatively, the plastic body can be electrically conductive. In the case of multiple electrically conductive plates, the plastic body establishes an electrically conductive connection between the individual plates.
[0026] In a further advantageous embodiment, the second projection is sleeve-shaped. This second projection can act as a support sleeve, supporting the electrically conductive plate between the fastener (e.g., a screw or rivet) and the object to which the cable harness is to be attached, and simultaneously establishing the electrically conductive connection to the object.
[0027] Other preferred embodiments provide that an end face of the sleeve-shaped second projection is flush with a surface of the plastic body, which allows for an even more compact design of the cable harness.
[0028] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a cable harness, comprising the following steps: - Providing at least one electrical conductor comprising an electrically conductive core conductor, an electrically non-conductive sheath surrounding the respective electrically conductive core conductor, and an electrically conductive shield surrounding the electrically non-conductive sheath. - Providing at least one electrically conductive plate having at least one insertion hole, a first projection extending from an edge of the insertion hole, at least one fastening hole for receiving a fastening means by which the plate can be fastened to an object, and a second projection extending from an edge of the fastening hole, - Enclosing the at least one electrically conductive plate on the outside with a plastic material to form a plastic body such that an outer circumferential surface of the first projection and an area of the second projection protrude from the plastic body, - Inserting the electrical conductor into the insertion hole, - Folding a section of the conductor shield to the outer circumferential surface of the first projection and - Providing at least one fastening element and fastening the section of the conductor shield folded over to the outer circumferential surface of the first projection to the first projection.
[0029] It is understood that, with regard to process-related definitions as well as the effects and advantages of process-related features, full reference can be made to the disclosure of analogous definitions, effects, and advantages of the cable harness according to the invention, and vice versa. A repetition of explanations of analogous features, their effects, and advantages can therefore be omitted in favor of a more concise description, without such omissions being to be interpreted as a limitation of any of the disclosed subject matter of the invention.
[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the enclosure of the at least one electrically conductive plate with the plastic body involves overmolding the plate with a plastic material.
[0031] In another embodiment, the conductor shield is attached to the first projection by crimping. Crimping is understood to be a joining method in which the conductor shield is attached to the first projection by plastic deformation of the fastening element and / or the outer circumferential surface of the first projection, for example by flanging, crushing, or folding.
[0032] Further advantageous embodiments provide for the provision of several electrical conductors, several fastening elements, and several electrically conductive plates, wherein the several plates are jointly enclosed on the outside with the plastic material to form the plastic body, wherein one of the several conductors is inserted into the at least one insertion hole of each plate, and the conductor shield of the respective conductor is attached to the corresponding first projection of the respective plate by means of at least one of the fastening elements. All electrically conductive plates are thus arranged and held in a single plastic body.
[0033] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which are not to be understood as limiting and are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. This drawing schematically shows: Fig. 1 a perspective view of part of a cable harness according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 a perspective section view through a component of the cable harness made of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a perspective sectional view through a component of a cable harness according to a further embodiment of the invention; Fig. 4 a perspective view of a component of the wiring harness Fig. 1 according to a first step of a method according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 5 a perspective view of the component from Fig. 4 after a further step of the procedure; Fig. 6 a perspective view of the component from Fig. 5 after a further step in the process; Fig. 7 a perspective longitudinal section view of the component made of Fig. 6 after a further step in the procedure; and Fig. 8 a perspective longitudinal section view of the component made of Fig. 7 after a further step in the procedure.
[0034] In the different figures, parts that are equivalent in function are always provided with the same reference symbols, so that they are usually only described once.
[0035] The following will simultaneously refer to the Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 taken, whereby Fig. Figure 1 schematically represents a perspective view of a part of a cable harness 10 according to an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 a perspective section view through a component of the cable harness 10 from Fig. 1, Fig. 4 a perspective view of a component of the cable harness 10 from Fig. 1 after a first step of a method according to an embodiment of the invention and Fig. 5 a perspective view of the component from Fig. 4 after a further step in the procedure.
[0036] In the present example, the cable harness 10 has three electrical conductors 11.1, 11.2, and 11.3. The invention is, of course, not limited to the number of conductors shown. The cable harness can have more or fewer than the three conductors 11.1, 11.2, and 11.3 shown.
[0037] Each conductor 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3 has an electrically conductive core conductor 12.1, 12.2 and 12.3 respectively, an electrically non-conductive sheath 13.1, 13.2 and 13.3 surrounding the respective electrically conductive core conductor 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 and an electrically conductive shield 14.1, 14.2 and 14.3 surrounding the electrically non-conductive sheath 13.1, 13.2, 13.3.
[0038] The wiring harness 10 further comprises an electrically conductive plate 15 (e.g., a metal plate). This plate 15 in turn has insertion holes 16.1, 16.2, and 16.3 for each of the conductors 11.1, 11.2, and 11.3, respectively. For example Fig. As can be seen from Figure 1, the conductors 11.1, 11.2, and 11.3 are guided through the corresponding insertion holes 16.1, 16.2, and 16.3, respectively. Furthermore, the plate 15 has three first projections 17.1, 17.2, and 17.3, each extending from an edge of the corresponding insertion hole 16.1, 16.2, and 16.3, respectively. The plate 15 also has three mounting holes 18.1, 18.2, and 18.3. These serve to accommodate a fastening element (e.g., a screw, a rivet, etc.) not shown, by means of which the plate 15 can be attached to an object (e.g., a housing) also not shown. Finally, the plate 15 in this case has three second projections 19.1, 19.2 and 19.3, each of which protrudes from an edge of the respective fastening hole 18.1, 18.2 and 18.3 respectively.
[0039] The cable harness 10 further comprises three fastening elements 20.1, 20.2 and 20.3, each of which fastens a section of the conductor shield 14.1, 14.2 or 14.3 folded over to an outer circumferential surface of the corresponding first projection 17.1, 17.2 or 17.3 to the corresponding first projection 17.1, 17.2 or 17.3.
[0040] Furthermore, the cable harness 10 has a plastic body 21 that encloses at least one electrically conductive plate 15 on the outside. In Fig. 5 clearly shows that the outer circumferential surfaces of the respective first projections 17.1, 17.2 and 17.3 and a portion of each of the second projections 19.1, 19.2 and 19.3 protrude from the plastic body 21, i.e., they are not enclosed by the plastic body 21 like the rest of the electrically conductive plate 15.
[0041] The conductor shields 14.1, 14.2, and 14.3 are electrically interconnected via the electrically conductive plate 15 of the exemplary cable harness 10. The mounting elements (not shown), which can be inserted into the respective mounting holes 19.1, 19.2, and 19.3 and which can also be electrically conductive, and which can be connected to the object (not shown), e.g., a housing, which can also be electrically conductive, allow shield currents carried through the respective conductor shields 14.1, 14.2, and 14.3 to be conducted to the object, which in turn can be, for example, grounded, so that ultimately the shield conductors 14.1, 14.2, and 14.3 are also grounded.
[0042] In the Fig. 4 and Fig. Figure 5 further shows that the first projections 17.1, 17.2, and 17.3 are formed integrally with the electrically conductive plate 15. Furthermore, the second projections 19.1, 19.2, and 19.3 are also formed integrally with the electrically conductive plate 15. In particular, the second projections 19.1, 19.2, and 19.3 are each formed in a sleeve-like manner, although this is not necessarily the only possible configuration. In this example, they form support sleeves that are inserted between the respective fastener and the object after the plate 15 has been attached to the object, and simultaneously establish the electrical contact between the conductor shields 14.1, 14.2, and 14.3 via the plate 15 to the object, as shown in Figure 5. Fig. 2 is indicated by way of example using a shield current 24 of conductor 11.1.
[0043] In the embodiment of the cable harness 10 shown here, the end faces of the respective sleeve-shaped second projections 19.1, 19.2 and 19.3 are essentially flush with a surface of the plastic body 21, in the example shown, flush with a front 22 and a back 23 of the plastic body 21.
[0044] Fig. Figure 3 schematically represents a perspective sectional view through a component of a cable harness 30 according to a further embodiment of the invention. The essential difference to the cable harness 10 is... Fig. The difference is that instead of the single electrically conductive plate 15 of the cable harness 10, which combines the shield currents of all conductors 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3, the cable harness 30 in the present example has three electrically conductive plates 15.1, 15.2 and 15.3, each of which has one of the insertion holes 16.1, 16.2 and 16.3 including the respective first projections 17.1, 17.2 and 17.3, and each of which has one of the mounting holes 18.1, 18.2 and 18.3 including the respective second projections 19.1, 19.2 and 19.3. In this case, the individual shield currents 24 of the conductors 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3 are led separately to the object via the respective plates 15.1, 15.2 and 15.3 and the corresponding second projections 19.1, 19.2 and 19.3.
[0045] In all other respects, the wiring harness 30 can be similar to or identical to the wiring harness 10, but is not necessarily limited to this. Other combinations of the features disclosed herein are conceivable.
[0046] Based on the Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 to Fig. Section 8 below describes a method for manufacturing a cable harness, e.g., cable harness 10, according to one embodiment of the invention. Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 to Fig. Each of the 8 figures depicts a different process step.
[0047] In particular, Fig. 4 represents the provision of the electrically conductive plate 15 of the cable harness 10. It is to be understood that in the case of the manufacture of the cable harness 30, the three separate electrically conductive plates 15.1, 15.2 and 15.3 are provided at this point.
[0048] In Fig. Figure 5 shows the state after a further step of the process in which the plate 15 (or the several plates 15.1, 15.2, 15.3) is enclosed on the outside with a plastic material to form the plastic body 21, wherein the outer circumferential surfaces of the respective first projections 17.1, 17.2 and 17.3 and the areas of the respective second projections 19.1, 19.2 and 19.3 protrude from the plastic body 21.
[0049] In the illustrated embodiment of the method, the plate 15 was overmolded with the plastic material to form the plastic body 21. However, the invention is not limited to overmolding with a plastic material. Other techniques that enclose one or more plates 15 or 15.1, 15.2 and 15.3 with the plastic body 21 (e.g., immersing the plate(s) in a liquid plastic mass and subsequent curing) are also encompassed by the invention.
[0050] Fig. Figure 6 represents the manufacturing state in which the electrical conductors 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3 are provided and inserted into the respective insertion holes 16.1, 16.2 and 16.3 of the plate 15.
[0051] In Fig. Figure 7, which shows a perspective sectional view along the first conductor 11.1, is enlarged to show how a section of the conductor shield 14.1 is folded over to the outer circumferential surface of the first projection 17.1. For example, the conductor shield 14.1 (e.g., a braid made of a metallic material) is turned inside out by approximately 180° around the first projection 17.1. This step is carried out in the same way for the other conductors 11.2 and 11.3.
[0052] In Fig. 8, which shows the perspective longitudinal section view from Fig.Figure 7, after a further step of the process, shows that the fastening element 20.1 was provided and the section of the conductor shield 14.1 folded over to the outer circumferential surface of the first projection 17.1 was attached to the first projection 17.1 in order to establish electrical contact between the conductor shield 14.1 and the electrically conductive plate 15. In particular, in the illustrated embodiment, the conductor shield 14.1 was attached by crimping, although crimping is not the only possible method.
[0053] In principle, the electrically conductive plate 15, or the electrically conductive plates 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, can be made of any electrically conductive material. The material is not limited to metallic materials. The specific electrical properties of the chosen material make it possible to define the properties of the electrical contact in a targeted manner.
[0054] Furthermore, the diameters of the mounting holes 18.1, 18.2, 18.3 and the second projections 19.1, 19.2, 19.3 (e.g. support sleeves) can be adapted according to the desired electrical contacting properties and / or mechanical and / or geometric specifications. REFERENCE MARK LIST: 10 Wiring harness 11.1 - 11.3 Electrical conductor 12.1 - 12.3 Core conductor 13.1 - 13.3 Sheathing 14.1 - 14.3 Conductor shield 15 Electrically conductive plate 15.1 - 15.3 Electrically conductive plate 16.1 - 16.3 Insertion hole 17.1 - 17.3 First lead 18.1 - 18.3 Mounting hole 19.1 - 19.3 Second lead 20.1 - 20.3 Fastening element 21 plastic bodies 22 Front 23 Back 24 Shield current 30 Wiring harness
Claims
Cable harness (10, 30) comprising: - at least one electrical conductor (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) comprising an electrically conductive core conductor (12.1, 12.2, 12.3), an electrically non-conductive sheath (13.1, 13.2, 13.3) surrounding the respective electrically conductive core conductor (12.1, 12.2, 12.3) and an electrically conductive shield (14.1, 14.2, 14.3) surrounding the electrically non-conductive sheath (13.1, 13.2, 13.3), - at least one electrically conductive plate (15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3) having at least one entry hole (16.1, 16.2, 16.3) through which the electrical conductor (11.1, 11.2, 11.3), a first projection (17.1, 17.2, 17.3) which projects from an edge of the at least one insertion hole (16.1, 16.2, 16.3), at least one fastening hole (18.1, 18.2, 18.3) for receiving a fastening means by means of which the at least one electrically conductive plate (15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3) is attachable to an object, and has a second projection (19.1, 19.2, 19.3) that projects from an edge of the at least one mounting hole (18.1, 18.2, 18.3), - at least one fastening element (20.1, 20.2, 20.3) that fastens a section of the conductor shield (14.1, 14.2, 14.3) folded to an outer circumferential surface of the first projection (17.1, 17.2, 17.3) to the first projection (17.1, 17.2, 17.3), and - a plastic body (21) that encloses the at least one electrically conductive plate (15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3) on the outside, wherein the outer circumferential surface of the first projection (17.1, 17.2, 17.3) and a The area of the second projection (19.1, 19.2, 19.3) protrudes from the plastic body (21). Cable harness according to claim 1, wherein the first projection (17.1, 17.2, 17.3) is formed integrally with the at least one electrically conductive plate (15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3). Cable harness according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second projection (19.1, 19.2, 19.3) is formed integrally with the at least one electrically conductive plate (15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3). Cable harness according to one of the preceding claims, comprising several electrically conductive plates (15.1, 15.2, 15.3). Cable harness according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second projection (19.1, 19.2, 19.3) is sleeve-shaped. Cable harness according to claim 5, wherein an end face of the sleeve-shaped second projection (19.1, 19.2, 19.3) is flush with a surface (22, 23) of the plastic body (21). Method for manufacturing a cable harness (10, 30) comprising the steps of: - providing at least one electrical conductor (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) comprising an electrically conductive core conductor (12.1, 12.2, 12.3), an electrically non-conductive sheath (13.1, 13.2, 13.3) surrounding the respective electrically conductive core conductor (12.1, 12.2, 12.3) and an electrically conductive shield (14.1, 14.2, 14.3) surrounding the electrically non-conductive sheath (13.1, 13.2, 13.3), - providing at least one electrically conductive plate (15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3) having at least one insertion hole (16.1, 16.2, 16.3), a first projection (17.1, 17.2, 17.3) extending from an edge of the at least one insertion hole (16.1, 16.2, 16.3), at least one fastening hole (18.1, 18.2, 18.3) for receiving a fastening means by means of which the at least one electrically conductive plate (15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3) is attachable to an object and has a second projection (19.1, 19.2, 19.3) that protrudes from an edge of the at least one mounting hole (18.1, 18.2, 18.3),- Enclosing the at least one electrically conductive plate (15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3) on the outside with a plastic material to form a plastic body (21) such that an outer circumferential surface of the first projection (17.1, 17.2, 17.3) and a region of the second projection (19.1, 19.2, 19.3) protrude from the plastic body (21),- Inserting the electrical conductor (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) into the at least one insertion hole (16.1, 16.2, 16.3),- Folding over a section of the conductor shield (14.1, 14.2, 14.3) to the outer circumferential surface of the first projection (17.1, 17.2, 17.3) and- providing at least one fastening element (20.1, 20.2, 20.3) and fastening the section of the conductor shield (14.1, 14.2, 14.3) folded over to the outer circumferential surface of the first projection (17.1, 17.2, 17.3).3) at the first lead (17.1, 17.2, 17.3). Method according to claim 7, wherein the enclosing of the at least one electrically conductive plate (15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3) with the plastic body (21) comprises overmolding the at least one electrically conductive plate (15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3) with a plastic material. Method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the conductor shield (14.1, 14.2, 14.3) is attached to the first projection (17.1, 17.2, 17.3) by crimping. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein several electrical conductors (11.1, 11.2, 11.3), several fastening elements (20.1, 20.2, 20.3) and several electrically conductive plates (15.1, 15.2, 15.3) are provided, wherein the several plates (15.1, 15.2, 15.3) are jointly enclosed on the outside with the plastic material to form the plastic body (21), wherein one of the several conductors (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) is inserted into the at least one insertion hole (16.1, 16.2, 16.3) of each plate (15.1, 15.2, 15.3) and the conductor shield (14.1, 14.2, 14.3) of the respective conductor (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) is attached to the corresponding first projection. (17.1, 17.2, 17.3) of the respective plate (15.1, 15.2, 15.3) is fastened by means of at least one of the fastening elements (20.1, 20.2, 20.3).