Lathe and milling machine

Abstract

Lathe and milling machine, consisting of: • a horizontal frame (6), • two stands (7), which are each attached to the left and right side at one end of the frame (6) and are perpendicular to the frame (6), characterized in that the following components are also provided: • two linear guide rails (2) located on the side of the X axis and two X-spindles (5) which are arranged along the X axis relative to the two columns (7) on the left and right on the two sides of the frame (6), wherein an X-motor (3) is arranged at the end of each X-spindle (5); • a mono-axis rotating stage (1) which is located between the linear guide rails (2) located on the X-axis side, is directly driven by a first external extension torque motor (204) located in its lower part and whose cross frame (99) is connected to the two X-spindles (5) so as to be able to swing along the X-axis; • two first linear guide rails (10) located on the Z-axis side and two first Z-spindles (9), which are each seated on the two stands (7) along the Z-axis, wherein a beam (11) is provided between the two first linear guide rails (10) located on the Z-axis side, which beam is connected to the two first Z-spindles (9) so as to be able to swing upwards and downwards along the Z-axis, wherein a first Z-motor (8) is arranged at the end of each Z-spindle (9); • two Y-linear guide rails (13) arranged along the Y-axis, respectively above and below the beam (11), and a Y-spindle (12), wherein the beam (11) is formed with a cross slide (16) which is connected to the Y-spindle (12) so as to be able to swing along the Y-axis, wherein a Y-motor (14) is provided at the end of the Y-spindle (12), wherein individual pendulum milling head components (15) are arranged on the said cross slide (16), which are driven directly by the downstream second external extension torque motor.

Description

Field of the invention

[0001] The invention relates to a machine tool, in particular a stationary lathe and milling machine. Background of the invention

[0002] With the rapid development of industries such as automotive, defense, and aerospace, and the use of new materials such as aluminum alloys, combined machine tools are subject to ever-increasing demands. For example, typical components such as turbine frames and fan frames in the aerospace industry currently require simultaneous, highly accurate manufacturing technologies such as turning, milling, radial drilling, and boring. In practical production, this requires the workpieces to be repeatedly positioned, clamped, and aligned with tools on multiple machines. This can not only waste operating time and decrease productivity, but also lead to numerous unnecessary deviations due to repeated tool changeovers. Integrating these functions into a single machine can dramatically increase productivity and accuracy.

[0003] DE 60 2005 004 391 T2 discloses a rotary table with a horizontal X-carriage having a single drive spindle with a motor. The machine tool has a bed, and two linear guide rails run parallel to each other along the X-axis on top of the bed. A workpiece support device is provided on the linear guide rails, comprising a base guided by the linear guide rails and movable along the X-axis. A ball screw is screwed to the bed. The base moves back and forth or back and forth along the X-axis when the ball screw is selectively rotated back and forth by an X-axis drive motor provided on the bed. In the Z direction, the machine tool has a pair of Z-axis drive motors that rotate corresponding ball screws back and forth to move the cross slide in the Z-axis direction.

[0004] WO 2008 / 105127 A1 discloses a table device of a machine tool arranged on a bed and displaceable by means of ball screws. Support members are attached by means of ball screws such that the support members are detachably coupled to a table main body member and can be displaced in the axial direction of the ball screws according to the rotation of the ball screws. The coupling between the table main body member and the support members can be released while at least one ball screw is attached to the support member.

[0005] In the current state of the art, mechanical drive technology generates kinetic power through the rotation of motors and then amplified by mechanical drive elements such as gearboxes, brakes, spindles, worm gears, and worm wheels, or transmits it to actuators to operate the machine. This mechanical drive technology, which is often used for key components such as the rotary stage on the C-axis and the swivel milling head on the B-axis, offers many functionalities but is unable to keep pace with the advances in speed, accuracy, and service life achieved in today's global machine production.

[0006] Furthermore, a centered single-axis drive, i.e., a ball screw, is used to drive key functional components such as single-axis rotary stages in most domestic and foreign multi-axis complex machines. In this arrangement, the force during the manufacturing process can affect the moving parts, so that twisting cannot be avoided at high cutting speeds, especially at high feed rates or on a rapidly rotating rotary stage. Both the unavoidable twisting movement and the inertial effect resulting from the moving parts can cause vibration of the machine or distortion or deformation of cast components such as the frame and column, and further compromise the accuracy and service life of the rotary stage.

[0007] Furthermore, an examination of conventional floor-standing lathes and milling machines has shown that, due to their design and dimensions, the conventional swivel heads cannot penetrate into the interior of a component for machining. A conventional vertical machine tool cannot perform milling. By integrating these two functions into one machine, the requirements of components such as turbine frames can be met.

[0008] With rapid development and ever-increasing competition in the manufacturing industry, components are becoming increasingly complex and therefore demanding. Many components require not only turning but also milling. Therefore, in practical production, the workpieces must be transported between the lathe, milling machine, and drilling machine and aligned with the tools. In this case, not only does the machine's utilization rate remain low, but the cumbersome operations also increase support times and deviations, impairing efficiency and accuracy. Content of the invention

[0009] Based on the above-mentioned deficiencies of the conventional embodiments, a stationary turning and milling machine according to the present invention is to be provided which can carry out various manufacturing processes such as turning, milling, drilling, grinding and boring on components provided with rounded edges, such as turbine frames, and can even simulate milling into the interior of a larger component, with one clamping process and according to programming.

[0010] To achieve the object of the invention, the present lathe and milling machine consists of: - a horizontal frame, - two uprights, each mounted on the left and right side at one end of the frame and perpendicular to the frame, characterized in that the following components are also provided: - two linear guide rails located on the X-axis and two X-spindles arranged along the X-axis relative to the two columns on the left and right sides of the frame, with an X-motor arranged at the end of each X-spindle; - a mono-axis rotary stage, which is located between the linear guide rails located on the X-axis side, is directly driven by a first external extension torque motor located in its lower part and whose cross frame is connected to the two X-spindles so that it can swing along the X-axis; - two first linear guide rails located on the Z-axis side and two first Z-spindles, which are each seated on the two columns along the Z-axis, wherein a beam is provided between the two first linear guide rails located on the Z-axis side, which beam is connected to the two first Z-spindles so as to be able to swing upwards and downwards along the Z-axis, wherein a first Z-motor is arranged at the end of each Z-spindle; - two Y-linear guide rails arranged along the Y-axis, respectively above and below the beam (11), and a Y-spindle, wherein the beam is formed with a cross slide which is connected to the Y-spindle so as to be able to swing along the Y-axis, wherein a Y-motor is provided at the end of the Y-spindle.

[0011] Individual pendulum milling head components are arranged on the said cross slide, which are directly driven by the downstream second external extension torque motor.

[0012] Furthermore, the center point of the lower part of the mono-axis turntable is mounted on the linear guide rail at the center point of the X-axis.

[0013] The center of gravity of the mono-axis turntable is located between the two X-spindles and on the plane where the two X-spindles are located.

[0014] Furthermore, the present floor-standing lathe and milling machine is provided with vertical tool holder block components, which comprises a slim vertical tool holder block and a tool holder frame, on the opposite side of which a second Z-linear guide rail and a second Z-spindle pair are arranged on each side, wherein the second Z-spindle pair is connected to the second Z-motor via a coupling.

[0015] The tool holder frame is arranged on the cross slide and on one side of the single pendulum milling head and can be moved back and forth with the cross slide along the Y axis.

[0016] The vertical tool holder block is supported by the second Z-linear guide rail and can be moved back and forth along the Z-axis by being driven by the second Z-spindle.

[0017] A tool clamp is attached to the lower part of the vertical tool holder block.

[0018] The Z-linear guide rail arranged on the vertical tool holder block components is also provided with a damping slide that is mounted on the guide rail and screwed to the tool holder block frame.

[0019] The tool clamp is connected via the knife shaft to a tool stand that is directly driven by a torque motor.

[0020] The tool stand is provided with an inner chamber in which a mandrel and a torque motor are arranged.

[0021] The mandrel is supported and positioned by the bearing set installed in the inner chamber of the tool stand. The bearing positions and secures the mandrel collar via a lock nut. The front end of the mandrel is designed with a conical bore, which, in conjunction with the clamp of the front lock nut, serves to clamp the tools.

[0022] The motor is located at the center of the complete mandrel, with the rotor located on the mandrel, while the stator is attached to the wall of the inner chamber of the tool stand.

[0023] Self-sealing electrical connections are attached to the tool stand, which remain complementary to the electrical connections arranged on the tool clamp on the vertical tool holder block components.

[0024] The electrical connections include power supply and servo connections.

[0025] If a rotary encoder is mounted at the rear end of the mandrel, these electrical connections will still include encoder terminals.

[0026] The second Z-linear guide rail arranged on the vertical tool holder block components is also provided with a damping slide which is mounted on the guide rail and screwed to the tool holder block frame.

[0027] Compared to the conventional embodiments, the present embodiment remains technically superior: In the present embodiment, as a 5-axis vertical complex machine, direct drive technology is used on axes B (i.e., rotation around the Y axis) and C (i.e., rotation around the Z axis), while all functional components of the machine are directly driven by the external torque motor, so that the motor torque is massively increased, the functional components can thus run stably, the overall rigidity and stability of the machine have increased significantly, and many problems that were unsolvable with conventional mechanical drive methods have now been solved:

[0028] In terms of efficiency, the known machines with conventional drive components only achieved a few tens of revolutions per minute. In contrast, with the present embodiment using direct drive technology, the rotational speed of the turntable and the oscillation speed of the swivel head can reach a few hundred revolutions per minute. This means that the productivity of the machine according to the invention is increased more than tenfold compared to the conventional one.

[0029] In terms of accuracy, the functional components of the machine according to the invention can achieve a sensitivity of a few ten thousandths of a millimeter or arc second, whereas most known machines with conventional drive technology only achieve a sensitivity of a few hundredths of a millimeter or arc second.

[0030] In terms of service life, mechanical drive components are reduced in the present embodiment, which leads to reduced wear, extended service life, saving energy, raw materials and manufacturing costs, and reducing the cost price of the entire system.

[0031] The two key functional components of the invention, including the single-axis rotary stage and single-pendulum milling head components, utilize the external extension direct drive technology. The torque motor in the external extension design has higher torque than an equivalently sized internal extension torque motor, thus offering higher mechanical performance and stable operation. Furthermore, a hydraulic braking device is used for the external extension, which offers advantages such as simple construction, a large clamping range, strong braking force, stable clamping, and less impact on the system and drive. Furthermore, compared with other motors with the same torque, the volume of the external extension torque motor can be even smaller. In the mechanical engineering industry, identical performance in a smaller volume is clearly superior.

[0032] In the embodiment according to the invention, the mono-axis turntable is mounted between two ball screws. With the load-free turntable, a virtually ideal gravity is created, but an effect identical to an actual driving force exerted by the gravity can be induced, which optimally dampens the vibration or distortion resulting from the drive via the X-axis so that the gravity does not change and stable drive is achieved, even when the mono-axis turntable moves rapidly along the X-axis. The machine system according to the invention can also be equipped with three linear guide rails. This means that in addition to the linear guide rails on both sides of the mono-axis turntable, a linear guide rail is attached to the central point on the floor of the mono-axis turntable to minimize deformation when the turntable is under load.

[0033] The tool block according to the invention, which is directly driven by a torque motor, is connected to the tool clamp in the machine via the knife shaft, can introduce power into itself via the coupling of the self-sealing electrical connections attached to the tool block with the electrical connections attached to the tool clamp and can machine the workpieces with the direct drive of the torque motor, that is to say that the tool mandrel is directly driven by the motor installed in the inner chamber of the tool block, whereby the conical bore and lock nut arranged at the front end of the mandrel for connecting to the tool easily clamp various tools.

[0034] This design is also capable of milling and drilling, can perform both axial and radial machining, and meets diverse manufacturing needs in a variety of work areas. The self-sealing electrical connectors used can protect against chips, water, and air contamination during production.

[0035] The damping slide can dampen vibration on the guide rail system, i.e. the second Z-linear guide rail, increase manufacturing quality, extend the vibration-related service life of the tool and protect the linear guide rail system from overload.

[0036] The inventive embodiment can shorten auxiliary time for workpiece loading, unloading, and tool changeover, reducing resulting deviations, improving manufacturing accuracy, shortening product cycle times, increasing productivity, and enhancing manufacturers' market responsiveness. Compared with conventional manufacturing processes divided into operations, the inventive embodiment can eliminate repetitive clamping, loss of accuracy, and wasteful time, ensuring manufacturing efficiency and accuracy.

[0037] In summary, the inventive floor-standing lathe and milling machine has significantly reduced vibration, optimizing the entire machine's performance and increasing the manufacturing accuracy of the turntable and other functional components. While maintaining surface roughness and profile accuracy, the linear feed acceleration of the turntable's drive axes has increased, while simultaneously extending the tool life, simplifying the machine's manufacturing technologies and reducing manufacturing costs. Drawing description Fig. 1: View of the embodiment I according to the invention Fig. 2: View of the direct drive external rotor torque motor Fig. 3: Top view of the arrangement of the mono-axis turntable in embodiment I Fig. 4: Top view of the mono-axis turntable in Fig. 3 Fig. 5: View of the mono-axis turntable in embodiment I Fig. 6: Amplitude comparison diagram between the mono-axis turntable in embodiment I and the turntable not driven by a gravity weight Fig. 7: View of the embodiment II according to the invention Fig. 8: Side view of the Fig. 7 shown structure Fig. 9-1: Schematic representation of the turning process of the inventive embodiment II on a component with a deeper inner diameter via the vertical tool holder block Fig. 9-2: Schematic representation of the milling or drilling process of the inventive embodiment II on a workpiece with a deeper inner diameter via the vertical tool holder block Fig. 10: View of the tool holder frame and its accessories in the inventive embodiment II Fig. 11: View of the vertical tool holder stand and its accessories in the inventive embodiment II Fig. 12: View of the tool clamp and the tool block connected to the tool clamp via the knife shaft and directly driven by a torque motor Fig. 13: View of the tool stand directly driven by a torque motor Fig. 14-1: Schematic representation of the usage status of the tool stand directly driven by a torque motor with respect to a radial manufacturing arrangement Fig. 14-2: Schematic representation of the usage status of the tool stand directly driven by a torque motor with respect to an axial manufacturing arrangement List of reference symbols 1 mono-axis turntable 2 linear guide rails located on the X axis 3 X-Motor 4 linear guide rail located at the center of axis X 5 X-spindle 6 frames 7 stands 8 Y-engine 9 Z-spindle 10 first linear guide rail located on the Z axis 11 bars 12 Y-spindle 13 Y-linear guide rail 177 2 hydraulic cylinders 177 3 Disc spring 177 4 Operating media connection parts 177 5 Pull jaw 177 6 external electrical connection 201 Console 202 Base plate of the first direct drive external rotor torque motor 203 Engine cooling unit 204 first direct drive external rotor torque motor 205 Housing of the first direct drive external rotor torque motor 206 inner sleeve 207 rolling bearings 208 Rotor of the first direct-drive external rotor torque motor 14 Y-engine 15 single pendulum milling head components 16 cross slides 17 vertical tool holder block components 99 Cross frame 101 encoder holder a 102 Headstock 103 coders a 104 turning and milling spindle 105 storage chair 106 turntable bearings 107 Bearing block 108 Housing of the second direct drive external rotor torque motor 109 peeping toms 110 Rotor of the second direct drive external rotor torque motor 111 Stator of the second direct drive external rotor torque motor 112 second direct drive external outlet torque motor base plate 113 Water Housing 171 vertical tool holder block 209 Security unit 210 coders 211 coupling disc 212 Work table main part 300 workpieces to be machined 400 tool stand directly driven by torque motor 401 rear lock nut 402 rear bearing set 403 tool stand internal motor 403 1 Rotor of the tool stand internal motor 403 2 Stator of the tool stand internal motor 404 front bearing set 405 Thorn 406 front lock nut 407 bracket 408 front end cover 409 knife shaft 410 Self-sealing electrical connection 411 bearing sleeve 172 Tool holder frame 173 second Z-engine 174 Clutch 175 1 / 175 2 second Z-spindle pair (spindle / spindle nut) 176 second Z-linear guide rail 176 guide rail 1 176 2 guide carriages 176 3 damping slides 177 tool clamps 177 displacement sensors 1 412 rear front cover 413 rotary encoders 400' standard tool stand Detailed description of the preferred embodimentEmbodiment I:

[0038] A lathe and milling machine, as in Fig. 1, consists of a horizontal frame 6 and two columns 7 arranged on the left and right at one end of the frame and perpendicular to the frame, wherein two linear guide rails 2 located on the side of an X-axis and two X-spindles 5 are arranged on the two sides of the frame 6, which are complementary to the two columns 7 (left and right). A mono-axis rotary stage 1 is mounted on the two linear guide rails 2 located on the side of the X-axis, the cross frame of which is connected to the two X-spindles 5 so that it can swing along the X-axis. An X-motor 3 is attached to the end of each X-spindle. The mono-axis rotary stage 1 is driven directly by the lower part of the first external extension torque motor 204.

[0039] On the two columns 7, two first linear guide rails 10 located on the Z-axis side and two first Z-spindles 9 are arranged along the Z-axis, wherein a beam 11 is provided between the two first linear guide rails 10 located on the Z-axis side, which beam is connected to the two first Z-spindles 9 so as to be able to swing upwards and downwards along the Z-axis, wherein a first Z-motor 8 is arranged at the end of each Z-spindle 9.

[0040] Two Y-linear guide rails 13 are arranged above and below the beam 11 along the Y-axis, and a Y-spindle 12 is also arranged, with a Y-motor 14 being mounted at the end of the Y-spindle 12. A cross slide is arranged on the beam 11, which is connected to the Y-spindle 12 so as to be able to swing along the Y-axis and to which individual pendulum milling head components 15 are attached. The individual pendulum milling head components 15 are directly driven by the downstream second external extension torque motor, i.e., for oscillation within the B-axis or around the Y-axis.

[0041] The second external rotor torque motor consists, as in Fig. 2, consists of a stator 111, a rotor 110, a brakeable clamp 109, a motor cooling device and other swivel head-related auxiliary devices such as encoder 103, encoder holder 101, headstock 102, turning and milling spindle 104, bearing support 105, turntable bearing 106, bearing block 107, housing 108, base plate 112 and water housing 113, etc.

[0042] When arranging the mono-axis turntable as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. As shown in Figure 4, both sides of the lower part of the single-axis turntable 1 are symmetrically mounted on the linear guide rails 2 located on the X-axis side, while the center point of the lower part of the single-axis turntable 1 is mounted on the linear guide rail 4 at the center of the X-axis, with the linear guide rails serving as support. An X-spindle 5 is arranged parallel to the X-axis side linear guide rails 2 and the linear guide rail 4 at the center of the X-axis, or on the upper side of the X-axis side linear guide rails 2. The single-axis turntable 1 is connected to the X-spindle 5 via the cross frame 99. When the motor 3 drives the spindle 5 to rotate, the cross frame 99 moves back and forth on the X-spindle 5 along the X-axis.The center weight of the mono-axis turntable 1 lies horizontally on the center point of the cross frame 99, while the mono-axis turntable 1 is supported longitudinally by the linear guide rail 4 on the center line of the X-axis.

[0043] The mono-axis turntable has, as shown in Fig. 5, a work table main body 212, a first direct drive external rotor torque motor 204, a rotor 208, a brakeable safety unit 209, a motor cooling unit 203 and other auxiliary devices such as console 201, base plate 202, housing 205, inner sleeve 206, rolling bearing 207, encoder 210 and coupling disk 211.

[0044] The mono-axis turntable is driven by the gravity weight, whereby the amplitude is higher than that of a turntable not driven by the gravity weight, as in Fig. 6, is apparently lower.

[0045] In this example, two key functional components of the 5-axis lathe and milling machine have been implemented using direct drive technology, meaning that the system is driven directly by the motors, without any intermediate mechanical drive elements. In the 5-axis lathe and milling machine, as shown in Fig. 2, the axis B is applied for the direct drive single pendulum milling head, while the axis C, as shown in Fig. 5, is used for the direct-drive single-axis rotary stage. The similarity between the two lies in the fact that they combine the torque motor as the key drive element to realize the functionality of a 5-axis dual direct-drive milling machine. The outer runner is designed with an outer ring as a permanent magnet rotor and an inner ring as a stator made of silicon steel disc and coil, with the brake unit acting on the outer runner body.For example, in the single-axis turntable, the stage surface is directly attached to the end of the rotor of the synchronized three-phase permanent magnet external rotor torque motor. The fixed frame of the turntable is connected to the stator cooling housing of the torque motor and the stator of the torque motor. Therefore, the intermediate drive links are eliminated for the single-axis turntable driven by the external rotor torque motor, thus increasing the operating precision and stability of the turntable. At the same time, the motor can deliver greater torque and improve mechanical efficiency. Furthermore, the use of a hydraulic brake unit not only simplifies the brake unit, but also increases the clamping range and braking force, ensuring stable clamping with minimal impact on the system and drive.Under the identical behavior conditions, the volume of the outrunner torque motor can be smaller, so that the volume of the turntable can also be smaller and the overall structure of the machine can be more compact. Example II:

[0046] How Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show, the stationary lathe and milling machine mentioned in embodiment I is provided with vertical tool holder block components 17 in embodiment II.

[0047] The vertical tool holder block components mentioned comprise a slim vertical tool holder block 171 and a tool holder frame 172, on the opposite side of which a second Z-linear guide rail 176 and a second Z-spindle pair are arranged on each side, wherein the second Z-spindle pair 1751 is connected to the second Z-motor 173 via a coupling 174.

[0048] The tool holder frame 172, as shown in Fig. 10, is arranged on the cross slide 16 and on one side of the single pendulum milling head 15 and can be moved back and forth with the cross slide 16 along the Y axis.

[0049] The vertical tool holder block 171, as shown in Fig. 11, is supported by the second Z-linear guide rail 176 and driven by the second Z-spindle pair for movement along the Z-axis. That is, the guide rail 1761 of the second Z-linear guide rail is fixed to both sides of the vertical tool holder block 171. The servo motor drives the vertical tool holder block 171 up and down to move via the second Z-spindle 1751 and the spindle nut 1752.

[0050] How Fig. As shown in Figure 10, the second Z-linear guide rail 176 is further provided with a damping slide 1763, which is screwed onto the guide rails or onto the tool holder frame 172. The damping slide RUDS..-D attached here can dampen vibrations on the guide rail system, i.e., the second Z-linear guide rail, increase manufacturing quality, extend the vibration-related service life of the tools, and protect the linear guide rail system from overload.

[0051] How Fig. 12, the lower part of the vertical tool holder block 171 is provided with a tool clamp 177, which has a displacement sensor 1771, a hydraulic cylinder 1772, a disc spring 1773, operating media connection parts 1774 and a pulling jaw 1775, the operation of which is as follows: To release the tool, the hydraulic cylinder 1772 presses downwards so that the disc spring 1773 also presses downwards and the pulling jaw 1775 takes the knife shaft 409 with it to release the tool. To clamp the tool, the hydraulic cylinder 1772 returns so that the disc spring 1773 lifts upwards and the pulling jaw 1775 takes the knife shaft 409 with it for clamping.

[0052] How Fig. 9-1 and Fig. As shown in Figure 9-2, the tools are hydraulically released and mechanically clamped by the tool clamper to avoid risks due to an unexpected pressure loss of the hydraulic cylinder and to ensure that the tool clamper runs reliably and robustly.

[0053] The cutter shank is the standard HSK-A63 type for automatic tool change. There are also many commercially available types that meet different technological needs and remain freely selectable for users.

[0054] The mentioned knife shaft 409 can also be customized as required, including HSK, BT.Sk, DIN, CAT, etc., but is not limited to this.

[0055] In practical operation, the vertical tool holder block 171, with its slim design, can penetrate deep into the inner chamber of a workpiece for machining. Compared to conventional long-shank cutters, the vertical tool holder block offers better rigidity and can achieve higher manufacturing accuracy. A dynamic cutter can also be clamped into the vertical tool holder block for radial milling, drilling, or boring a diameter.

[0056] The dynamic knife is designed as a tool block 400 directly driven by a torque motor, which, as in Fig. 13, is provided with an inner chamber in which a mandrel 405 and a motor 403 are installed.

[0057] The motor 403 is mounted on the center sector of the mandrel 405. The rotor 4031 is located on the mandrel 405, while the stator 4032 is mounted on the inner wall of the inner chamber of the tool stand. A standard conical bore and front lock nut 406 for clamping the tools are provided at the front end of the mandrel 405. The front end cover 408 is provided with a ribbed seal for leak protection. The front and rear bearing sets are opposite one another and are each designed as a two-angle contact bearing set for positioning the mandrel 405 and withstanding the axial force during machining. The front bearing set 404 serves to position the mandrel 405. The front end cover 408 can thus press against the outer ring of the bearing and maintain correct positioning without gaps. The rear bearing set 402 is positioned over the collar of the mandrel 405 and the rear lock nut 401 and helps to hold the mandrel 405.The front and rear bearing sets absorb cutting forces simultaneously, making the entire assembly more stable. The rear end cover 412 is equipped with a sealing washer to prevent oil leakage. A rotary encoder 413 is located at the rear end of the mandrel 405, allowing users to monitor the torque motor's speed.

[0058] The tool stand 400, which is directly driven by the torque motor, is the same as a normal tool stand 400' in terms of the type of clamping. When clamping, the tool stand 400 connects to the tool clamp 177 via the knife shaft 409, whereby the self-sealing electrical connections 410 of the tool stand 400, as shown in Fig. 12, to the tool clamp's external electrical connectors 1776. The tool clamp's self-sealing electrical connectors 410 include electrical connectors, servo connectors, and encoder connectors. The self-sealing electrical connectors used are protected against chips, water, and air contamination during production.

[0059] After the tool stand 100 has moved to the position of the workpiece 300 to be machined and the power supply has been applied via a control system, the mandrel 405 of the tool stand begins to rotate by driving the motor 403 and to machine the workpiece 300.

[0060] Compared with a normal electrospindle with an angle head, the size of the tool clamp can be reduced when the tool-specific kinetic device is arranged to move into the interior of a tool, therefore the vertical tool holder block can be made more compact and smaller in order to expand the machining range of the tool holder block at the smallest inner diameter and increase the suitability of the tool holder block.

[0061] The tool stand can be used as a radial, as in Fig. 14-1, or as a machining arrangement scalable by ±110°, with its axial machining arrangement as shown in Fig. 14-2 looks like.

Claims

[1] Lathe and milling machine, consisting of: • a horizontal frame (6), • two stands (7), each mounted on the left and right side at one end of the frame (6) and perpendicular to the frame (6), characterized by that the following components are also provided: • two linear guide rails (2) located on the side of the X axis and two X-spindles (5) which are arranged along the X axis relative to the two columns (7) on the left and right on the two sides of the frame (6), wherein an X-motor (3) is arranged at the end of each X-spindle (5); • a mono-axis rotating stage (1) which is located between the linear guide rails (2) located on the X-axis side, is directly driven by a first external extension torque motor (204) located in its lower part and whose cross frame (99) is connected to the two X-spindles (5) so as to be able to swing along the X-axis; • two first linear guide rails (10) located on the Z-axis side and two first Z-spindles (9), which are each seated on the two stands (7) along the Z-axis, wherein a beam (11) is provided between the two first linear guide rails (10) located on the Z-axis side, which beam is connected to the two first Z-spindles (9) so as to be able to swing upwards and downwards along the Z-axis, wherein a first Z-motor (8) is arranged at the end of each Z-spindle (9); • two Y-linear guide rails (13) arranged along the Y-axis, respectively above and below the beam (11), and a Y-spindle (12), wherein the beam (11) is formed with a cross slide (16) which is connected to the Y-spindle (12) so as to be able to swing along the Y-axis, wherein a Y-motor (14) is provided at the end of the Y-spindle (12), wherein individual pendulum milling head components (15) are arranged on the said cross slide (16), which are driven directly by the downstream second external extension torque motor. [2] Lathe and milling machine according to claim 1, characterized by that a central point of the lower part of the mono-axis rotary stage (1) is mounted on a further linear guide rail (4) on the central section of the X-axis, wherein the center of gravity of the mono-axis rotary stage (1) is arranged between the two X-spindles (5) and on the plane where the two X-spindles (5) are located. [3] Lathe and milling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized bythat vertical tool holder block components (17) are further arranged therein, which comprise a slender vertical tool holder block (17) and a tool holder frame (172), on the opposite side of which a second Z-linear guide rail (176) and a second Z-spindle pair (175) are arranged on one side each, wherein the second Z-spindle pair (175) is connected to the second Z-motor (173) via a coupling (174), wherein the tool holder frame (172) is arranged on the cross slide (16) and on one side of the single pendulum milling head (15) and can be moved back and forth along the Y axis with the cross slide (16), wherein the vertical tool holder block (171) is supported by the second Z-linear guide rail (176) and can be moved back and forth along the Z axis by being driven by the second Z-spindle (175) lets,wherein a tool clamp (177) is attached to the lower part of the vertical tool holder block (171). [4] Lathe and milling machine according to claim 3, characterized by that the tool clamp (177) is connected via a knife shaft (409) to a tool block (400) directly driven by a torque motor, wherein said tool stand (400) has an inner chamber in which a mandrel (405) and a torque motor (403) are arranged, wherein said mandrel (405) is supported and positioned by a bearing set (402, 404) installed in the inner chamber of the tool stand (400), wherein the bearing (404, 404) positions and fixes the mandrel collar via a lock nut (401, 406), wherein a front end of the mandrel (405) is formed with a conical bore which, in conjunction with a clamp (407) of the front lock nut (406), serves to clamp the tools, wherein said motor (403) is arranged at the center of the complete mandrel (405), wherein the rotor (4031) lies on the mandrel (405), while the stator (4032) is fastened to the wall of the inner chamber of the tool stand (400), wherein self-sealing electrical connections (410) are attached to the tool stand (400), which electrical connections are connected to the tool clamp (177) on the vertical Tool holder block components (17) are complementary to electrical connections, wherein the electrical connections (410) comprise mains supply and servo connections. [5] Lathe and milling machine according to claim 3, characterized by that the second Z-linear guide rail (176) arranged on the vertical tool holder block components (17) is further equipped with a damping slide (1763) which is mounted on the guide rail (1761) and screwed to the tool holder block frame (172). [6] Lathe and milling machine according to claim 4, characterized by that the Z-linear guide rail (176) arranged on the vertical tool holder block components (17) is further equipped with a damping slide (1763) which is mounted on the guide rail (1761) and screwed to the tool holder block frame (172). [7] Lathe and milling machine according to claim 4, characterized by that a rotary encoder (413) is arranged at the rear end of the mandrel (405), wherein the electrical connections (410) further comprise encoder connections. [8] Lathe and milling machine according to claim 6, characterized bythat a rotary encoder (413) is arranged at the rear end of the mandrel (405), wherein the electrical connections (410) further comprise encoder connections.

Images