Light-emitting substrate and virtual display device

Abstract

A light-emitting substrate is provided. The light-emitting substrate comprises a light source; a first light-modulating layer with a first microstructure on a side close to the light source; and a second light-modulating layer with a second microstructure on a side farther from the light source.

Description

AREA OF TECHNOLOGY

[0001] The present invention relates to the display technology, in particular to a light-emitting substrate and a virtual display device. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] Virtual reality technology is based on immersion and imagination. It utilizes display and computer technology to create a simulated environment that allows the user to immerse themselves in and interact with virtual or realistic objects, which the user perceives through various inputs and outputs—hence the term virtual reality. By simulating human sight, hearing, and touch, among other sensations, the user can experience a virtual reality environment as real as the real world. An example of a VR device might include a head-mounted virtual display and hand grips for gesture recognition and interaction. SUMMARY

[0003] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a light-emitting substrate comprising a light source; a first light modulation layer with a first microstructure on a side close to the light source; and a second light modulation layer with a second microstructure on a side farther from the light source.

[0004] Optionally, the first light modulation layer is configured to converge light; and the second light modulation layer is configured to deflect light.

[0005] Optionally, the second light modulation layer is located on a side of the first light modulation layer that is farther from the light source.

[0006] Optionally, the first light modulation layer is located on a side of the second light modulation layer that is farther from the light source.

[0007] Optionally, the first light modulation layer comprises a first base substrate and a plurality of first projections on the first base substrate; and a refractive index of the plurality of first projections is greater than a refractive index of the first base substrate.

[0008] Optionally, the multitude of initial projections can be a multitude of pyramids.

[0009] Optionally, an apex of each pyramid of the plurality of pyramids is located on a side of a base of the respective pyramid that is close to the light source; and the base of each pyramid is in contact with the first base substrate or in contact with an intermediate layer on a side of the plurality of pyramids that is close to the first base substrate.

[0010] Optionally, an apex of each pyramid of the plurality of pyramids is located on a side of a base of the respective pyramid farther from the light source; and the apex of each pyramid is in contact with the first base substrate or in contact with an intermediate layer on a side of the plurality of pyramids close to the first base substrate.

[0011] Optionally, the plurality of pyramids are a plurality of non-uniform pyramids; wherein the plurality of pyramids have different distances between them; and / or wherein an apex of at least one first pyramid of the plurality of pyramids is located on a side of a base of the first pyramid close to the light source, and an apex of at least one second pyramid of the plurality of pyramids is located on a side of a base of the second pyramid farther from the light source.

[0012] Optionally, the second light modulation layer comprises a second base substrate and a plurality of second projections on the second base substrate; and the plurality of second projections are a plurality of annular projections surrounding a central area of ​​the second light modulation layer.

[0013] Optionally, the ring frame widths of the multitude of ring projections gradually change from the central area to an edge area of ​​the second light modulation layer.

[0014] Optionally, the central area of ​​the second light modulation layer does not have a ring-shaped protrusion.

[0015] Optionally, each annular projection of the plurality of annular projections, in a cross-section along a plane that is perpendicular to a surface of the second base substrate and intersects the plurality of second projections, has a triangular shape.

[0016] Optionally, the refractive index of the multitude of ring projections is greater than the refractive index of the second base substrate.

[0017] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a display device comprising the light-emitting substrate described herein and one or more integrated circuits.

[0018] Optionally, the light source is configured to emit light along a direction towards the first modulation layer and the second modulation layer; and the light-emitting substrate is part of a display panel of the display device.

[0019] Optionally, the display device further comprises a display panel; a lens; and a reflective layer configured to reflect light emitted from the light source; wherein at least one of a first light modulation layer or a second light modulation layer is located on a side of the light source away from the reflective layer; the first light modulation layer is configured to converge light; and the second light modulation layer is configured to deflect light.

[0020] Optionally, the first light modulation layer is configured to converge light such that light emitted from the first light modulation layer with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of a maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a range that is substantially equal to or smaller than a range of angles of light with respect to a surface of the display board emitted from subpixels in a respective area of ​​the display board and that can be received by an eye socket; wherein an absolute maximum value of the range of angles is defined by: tan−1(fh2−(a+d2)−tan−1(fh2−(a−d2); where h represents the width of the display board, a represents the radius of the lens minus the radius of the eye socket, f represents the focal length of the lens, and d represents the diameter of the eye socket.

[0021] Optionally, the angle range is between -9 degrees and 9 degrees.

[0022] Optionally, light deflected by the second light modulation layer has a deflection angle defined by: θ=γ+β−γ2=12(γ+β); where θ represents the deflection angle, β represents a maximum value of an angle of light with respect to a surface of the scoreboard, emitted from subpixels in an area of ​​the scoreboard and which can be received through the eye socket, and γ represents a minimum value of the angle of light with respect to the surface of the scoreboard, emitted from the subpixels in the area of ​​the scoreboard and which can be received through the eye socket.

[0023] Optionally, the deflection angle can be set between -16 degrees and 16 degrees. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0024] The following drawings are merely examples for illustration according to various disclosed embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Fig. Figure 1A shows a light path in a virtual reality display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1B is an enlarged view of certain angles in Fig. 1A. Fig. Figure 2 shows a light convergence of light emitted from a light-emitting substrate into an associated virtual display device. Fig. Figure 3 shows a light transmittance rate in an associated virtual display device. Fig. Figure 4 shows a light path in a virtual reality display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 5A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 5B is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 5C is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 5D is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 5E is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 5F is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 6A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 6B shows a light path of the one in Fig. 6A shows light emitted from the light-emitting substrate. Fig. Figure 7A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 7B shows a light path that passes through the Fig. The first light modulation layer shown in 7A is transmitted. Fig. Figure 7C is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a particular pyramid in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 7D shows light convergence from through the in Fig. 7A shows the first light modulation layer transmitted light. Fig. Figure 7E shows light convergence of light transmitted through a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 7F shows light convergence of light transmitted through a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 8A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 8B is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a respective pyramid in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 8C shows light convergence from through the in Fig. 8A shows the first light modulation layer transmitted light. Fig. Figure 9A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 9B shows light convergence from through the in Fig. 9A shows the first light modulation layer transmitted light. Fig. Figure 9C is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 9D is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 10A is a cross-sectional view of a second light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 10B is a top view of a second light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 10C is a top view of a second light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 11 shows a deflection of light transmitted through a second light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 12 shows a correlation between a deflection angle and a base angle of a respective annular projection in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of a respective annular projection in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14B is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14C is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14D is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14E is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14F is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 15 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 16A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 16B is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 16C is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 16D is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 17A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 17B shows a light path of the one in Fig. Light emitted from the light-emitting substrate shown in 17A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE REVELATION

[0025] The present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be noted that the following descriptions of some embodiments are provided here only for illustration and explanation purposes. It is not intended to be an exhaustive account or to limit oneself to the exact form disclosed.

[0026] The present disclosure provides, among other things, a light-emitting substrate and a virtual display device that substantially eliminate one or more of the problems arising from limitations and disadvantages of the prior art. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a light-emitting substrate. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate comprises a light source; a first light-modulating layer with a first microstructure on a side close to the light source; and a second light-modulating layer with a second microstructure on a side farther from the light source. Optionally, the first light-modulating layer is configured to converge light. Optionally, the second light-modulating layer is configured to deflect light.

[0027] Fig. Figure 1A shows a light path in a virtual reality display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1B is an enlarged view of certain angles in Fig. 1A. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the virtual reality display device includes a display panel DP. Optionally, the virtual reality display device further includes a light-emitting substrate LES to provide backlighting for the display panel DP; for example, the display panel DP can be a liquid crystal display. Optionally, the light-emitting substrate LES includes a miniature light-emitting diode or a micro light-emitting diode as a light source.

[0028] In some embodiments, the virtual reality display device further includes a lens LN. Light transmitted through the display panel DP and the lens LN enters an eye box EB (e.g., the pupil of a viewer or a recording camera). The eye box EB perceives a virtual image. In the virtual reality display device, the display panel DP and the light-emitting substrate LES are configured together to provide image display information to the eye box EB.

[0029] With reference to Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B The eye socket EB can receive light within a specific area of ​​the central area of ​​the scoreboard DP, indicated by a zone labeled "2α". Light emitted from the central area but outside this area is not received by the eye socket EB. Similarly, the eye socket EB can receive light within a specific area of ​​a non-central area (e.g., a peripheral area) of the scoreboard DP, within a zone labeled "β" but outside the zone labeled "γ". Light emitted from the non-central area (e.g., the peripheral area) but outside this area is not received by the eye socket EB. Light outside these areas and not received by the eye socket EB is not used.

[0030] In some embodiments, the eye socket EB has a diameter d, the eye relief ER denotes a distance between the eye socket EB and the lens LN, and the lens LN has a focal length f. Accordingly, with reference to Fig. 1A a minimum aperture φ of the lens LN can be determined as: φ=2*a+d

[0031] The field of view (FOV) of the virtual reality display device is correlated with the interpupillary distance (ER), and the correlation can be determined by the equation (2) below: a=tan(FOV2)*ER

[0032] A range of angles of light with respect to a surface of the display panel DP, emitted from subpixels in the central area of ​​the display panel DP and which can be received through the eye socket, can be determined by the following equation (3): 2α=2*tan−1(d2f)

[0033] Optionally, the surface of the DP display board refers to a light-emitting surface of the DP display board. In the Fig. In example 1A, the surface of the display board DP is referred to as SDP.

[0034] A maximum value β of an angle of light with respect to a surface of the display board DP, emitted from subpixels in the non-central area (e.g. the edge area) of the display board DP and which can be received through the eye socket EB, can be determined by the following equation (4): β=tan−1(f / (h2−(a+d2))

[0035] A minimum value γ of an angle of light with respect to a surface of the display board DP, emitted from subpixels in the non-central area (e.g. the edge area) of the display board DP and which can be received through the eye socket EB, can be determined by the following equation (5): γ=tan−1(f / (h2−(a−d2))

[0036] A range of angles of light with respect to a surface of the display board DP, emitted from subpixels in the non-central area (e.g. the edge area) of the display board DP and which can be received through the eye socket EB, can be determined by the following equation (6): β−γ=tan−1(fh2−(a+d2)−tan−1(fh2−(a−d2)

[0037] A deflection angle θ corresponding to the non-central area (e.g., the edge area) of the scoreboard DP is expressed as follows: θ=γ+β−γ2=12(γ+β)

[0038] In one example, the diameter d of the eye socket EZ is 8 mm, the interpupillary distance ER is 20 mm, and the display panel size is 45 mm × 45 mm with a diagonal length of 63.5 mm (e.g., 2.5 inches). The angles 2α, β, γ, and (β - γ) can be determined according to equations (1) to (7). Table 1 lists the angles 2α, β, γ, and (β - γ) in an exemplary virtual display device. Table 1. Angles 2α, β, γ, and (β - γ) in a virtual display device. 2α β γ ß-γ Winkel / ° 17.435 -7.997 -24.092 16.095

[0039] Fig. Figure 2 shows the convergence of light emitted from a light-emitting substrate into an associated virtual display device. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, in a relevant virtual display device, light emitted from a light source (e.g., a micro-LED light source) is transmitted through a diffuser ("Diffuser1") and converges with one or more prisms (e.g., a first prism "Prism1" and a second prism "Prism2"). With reference to Fig. 2. Emerging light has a maximum luminance value at an emission angle of 0 degrees. Emerging light with a luminance that is at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an emission angle in the range of -23 degrees to 23 degrees.

[0040] Fig. Figure 3 shows a light transmittance rate in an associated virtual display device. With reference to Fig. 3. The light transmission rate through a first polarizer (Poll) is 44%, the light transmission rate through a thin-film transistor substrate (TFT) is 25%, the light transmission rate through a liquid crystal layer (LC) is 90%, the light transmission rate through a color filter (CF) is 30%, and the light transmission rate through a second polarizer (Pol2) is 88%. Only 11% of the light emitted from the light-emitting substrate (LES) is transmitted through the thin-film transistor substrate (TFT). Only 9.9% of the light emitted from the light-emitting substrate (LES) is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer (LC). Only 2.97% of the light emitted from the light-emitting substrate (LES) is transmitted through the color filter (CF). Only 2.61% of the light emitted from the light-emitting substrate (LES) is transmitted through the second polarizer (Pol2).

[0041] The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the low light utilization rate in the virtual display device in question can contribute to the waste of light outside the areas that can be received through the eye socket, as described above, in addition to the light loss during transmission through the display panel. The inventors of the present disclosure discovered that during the process of the light being transmitted through the display panel, light exiting with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in the range of -23 degrees to 23 degrees. However, with reference to Table 1, the range of angle 2α is limited to [-17.435° / 2, 17.435° / 2] with respect to the central area of ​​the display panel, and the range of angle (β - γ) is limited to [-16.095° / 2, 16.095° / 2] with respect to the non-central area (e.g.,The display panel is limited to the edge area, and both of these areas are much smaller than the range from -23 degrees to 23 degrees. The inventors of the present disclosure discovered that a large portion of the emitted light with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is still not utilized in the virtual display device in question. The inventors of the present disclosure discovered that the unique structure of the virtual display device according to the present disclosure can unexpectedly improve the light utilization rate.

[0042] In some embodiments according to the present disclosure, light emitted from the light-emitting substrate is converged such that emerging light with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a region that is substantially equal to or smaller than a range of angles of light with respect to a surface of the display panel DP, emitted from subpixels in a respective region (e.g. a central region, a periphery region or any individual region) of the display panel DP and which can be received by the eye socket EB. As used herein, the term “essentially equal” refers to a difference between two values ​​that does not exceed 20% of an underlying value (e.g., one of the two values), e.g., does not exceed 18%, 16%, 14%, 12%, 10%, 8%, 6%, 4%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05% and 0.01% of the underlying value.

[0043] In one example, the light emitted from the light-emitting substrate is converged such that emerging light with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a range of -9 degrees to 9 degrees.

[0044] Equation (3), discussed above with respect to the central area of ​​the scoreboard, can be considered a special case of equation (6) with respect to the non-central area of ​​the scoreboard. For example, with respect to the central area, β = α, γ = -α. Thus, β - γ = 2α.

[0045] Similarly, the deflection angle θ with respect to the central area of ​​the scoreboard can also be calculated using the more generally applicable expression of equation (7), as shown below: θ=γ+β−γ2=12(γ+β)=(12(−α+α))=0

[0046] The deflection angle θ with respect to the central area of ​​the scoreboard is zero.

[0047] Accordingly, equations (6) and (7) discussed above are applicable to each individual area of ​​the scoreboard, including a central area, a non-central area, a non-edge area and an edge area.

[0048] In an example discussed in conjunction with Table 1, the diameter d of the eye socket EZ is 8 mm, the interpupillary distance ER is 20 mm, and the scoreboard size is 45 mm x 45 mm with a diagonal length of 63.5 mm (e.g., 2.5 inches). The range of angles according to equation (6) varies from [-16.095° / 2, 16.095° / 2] (with respect to a periphery) to [-17.435° / 2, 17.435° / 2] (with respect to a central area). The deflection angle according to equation (7) with respect to the periphery of the scoreboard is (-7.997° + 16.095° / 2) = 16.0445°. The deflection angle according to equation (7) with respect to the central area of ​​the scoreboard is zero degrees. Thus, according to equation (7), the deflection angle varies gradually (continuously or stepwise) from zero degrees to 16.0445 degrees from the central area to the edge area.

[0049] Table 2 shows ranges of angles according to equation (6) and deflection angles according to equation (7) in relation to different areas of a scoreboard, which are characterized by distances to a center of the scoreboard. Nr. Abstand zum Zentrum / mm β-γ 8 -13 -31.5 16.10 16.04 -12 -30 16.23 15.28 -11 -27.5 16.41 14.07 -10 -25 16.56 12.85 -9 -22.5 16.72 11.60 -8 -20 16.89 10.31 -7 -17.5 16.99 9.07 -6 -15 17.13 7.77 -5 -12.5 17.20 6.51 -4 -10 17.29 5.21 -3 -7.5 17.36 3.91 -2 -5 17.38 2.62 -1 -2.5 17.42 1.31 0 0 17.45 0.00 1 2.5 17.42 -1.31 2 5 17.38 -2.62 3 7.5 17.36 -3.91 4 10 17.29 -5.21 5 12.5 17.20 -6.51 6 15 17.13 -7.77 7 17.5 16.99 -9.07 8 20 16.89 -10.31 9 22.5 16.72 -11.60 10 25 16.56 -12.85 11 27.5 16.41 -14.07 12 30 16.23 -15.28 13 31.5 16.10 -16.04

[0050] As shown in Table 2, the ranges of angles according to equation (6) (e.g., β-γ) are the same with respect to regions on two opposite sides of the center and at an equal distance from the center. With respect to regions on two opposite sides of the center and at an equal distance from the center, the deflection angles according to equation (7) (e.g., θ) have the same absolute value but opposite signs. Fig. Figure 4 shows a light path in a virtual reality display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Different areas of the display panel can be annular areas in some embodiments, as described in Fig. 4 are shown (dashed lines on the right side of the figure). Fig. Figure 4 shows different deflection angles corresponding to different areas of the scoreboard.

[0051] In some embodiments, the virtual reality display device is a virtual reality Google. In some embodiments, the virtual reality Google comprises two parts corresponding to a user's left and right eye. In some embodiments, each part of the virtual reality Google has a structure of the virtual reality display device described in the present disclosure, e.g., the one described in Fig. Structure shown in 1A.

[0052] Fig. Figure 5A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate 5A comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS on the reflective layer RL, and a first light modulation layer LM1 on a side of the light source LS remote from the reflective layer RL. In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light. Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light emitted from the first light modulation layer LM1 with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an emission angle in a region that is substantially equal to or smaller than a range of angles of light with respect to a surface of the display panel DP, which consists of subpixels in a respective region (e.g.,a central area, a peripheral area, or any individual area) of the display panel and which can be received through the eye socket. Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light emitted from the first light modulation layer LM1 with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a range that is substantially equal to or less than a range of angles according to equation (6).

[0053] Fig. Figure 5B is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS on the reflective layer RL, and a second light-modulating layer LM2 on a side of the light source LS opposite the reflective layer RL. In some embodiments, the second light-modulating layer LM2 is configured to deflect light. Optionally, the second light-modulating layer LM2 is configured to deflect light emitted from the light-emitting substrate towards a central area of ​​a display panel. Optionally, the second light-modulating layer LM2 is configured to deflect light emitted from the light-emitting substrate such that the light exiting the second light-modulating layer LM2 has a deflection angle according to equation (7).

[0054] Fig. Figure 5C is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, 5C comprises the light-emitting substrate a reflective layer RL, a light source LS on the reflective layer RL, a first light modulation layer LM1 on a side of the light source LS away from the reflective layer RL, and a second light modulation layer LM2 on a side of the first light modulation layer LM1 away from the light source LS. Fig. Figure 5D is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate 5D comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS on the reflective layer RL, a second light modulation layer LM2 on a side of the light source LS remote from the reflective layer RL, and a first light modulation layer LM1 on a side of the second light modulation layer LM2 remote from the light source LS. The inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that a synergistic effect with a surprisingly improved light utilization rate can be achieved in a virtual display device according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light, and the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect light.Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light emitted from the first light modulation layer LM1 with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a range that is substantially equal to or smaller than a range of angles of light with respect to a surface of the display board emitted from subpixels in a respective area (e.g., a central area, a periphery area, or any individual area) of the display board DP and that can be received by the eye socket; and the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect light emitted from the light-emitting substrate towards a central area of ​​a display board.Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light emitted from the first light modulation layer LM1 with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a range that is substantially equal to or less than a range of angles according to equation (6); and the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect light emitted from the light-emitting substrate such that the light exiting the second light modulation layer LM2 has a deflection angle according to equation (7).

[0055] Fig. Figure 5E is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the virtual display device 5E comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS on the reflective layer RL, a first light modulation layer LM1 and / or a second light modulation layer LM2 on a side of the light source LS remote from the reflective layer RL, and a display panel DP on a side of the first light modulation layer LM1 and / or the second light modulation layer LM2 remote from the light source LS. Light emitted from the light source LS is first modulated by the first light modulation layer LM1 and / or the second light modulation layer LM2; the modulated light is then provided to the display panel DP for image display.

[0056] Fig. Figure 5F is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the virtual display device 5F comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS on the reflective layer RL, a display panel DP on a side of the light source LS remote from the reflective layer RL, and a first light modulation layer LM1 and / or a second light modulation layer LM2 on a side of the display panel DP remote from the light source LS. Light emitted from the light source is first provided to the display panel DP, and light transmitted through the display panel DP is subsequently modulated by the first light modulation layer LM1 and / or the second light modulation layer LM2.

[0057] Various suitable display panels can be used in the present virtual display device. Examples of suitable display panels include a liquid crystal display panel, an organic light-emitting diode display panel, a liquid crystal display panel on silicon, and a micro light-emitting diode display panel. Optionally, the display panel can be a high-resolution micro display panel. Liquid crystal displays are cost-effective options for the present virtual display device.

[0058] Fig. Figure 6A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 6B shows a light path of the one in Fig. Light emitted from the light-emitting substrate shown in 6A. With reference to Fig. 6A and Fig. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate 6B comprises a reflective layer RL, an adhesive layer AL on the reflective layer RL, a light source LS on a side of the adhesive layer AL opposite the reflective layer RL, and an encapsulation layer EN on a side of the light source LS opposite the adhesive layer AL. The encapsulation layer EN encapsulates the light source LS. The adhesive layer AL bonds the reflective layer RL to the light source LS and the encapsulation layer EN.

[0059] In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate further comprises an insulating layer IN on a side of the encapsulation layer EN furthest from the reflective layer RL, a first light-modulating layer LM1 on a side of the insulating layer IN furthest from the encapsulation layer EN, and a second light-modulating layer LM2 on a side of the first light-modulating layer LM1 furthest from the insulating layer IN. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 6B, light modulated by the first light modulation layer LM1 and the second light modulation layer LM2 is combined and deflected.

[0060] Several suitable reflective layers can be used in the present light-emitting substrate. Examples of suitable reflective materials include various metals and alloys. In one example, the reflective layer RL is a non-Lambertian reflector. In another example, the reflective layer RL is a Lambertian reflector to achieve Lambertian scattering (as in Fig. (shown in Figure 6B). Optionally, the reflective layer RL has a reflectance of more than 90%, e.g. more than 92%, more than 94%, more than 96%, more than 98%, more than 99% or more than 99.5%.

[0061] The EN encapsulation layer provides mechanical protection to improve the reliability of the light source, enhances heat dissipation to lower the chip junction temperature and increase the light source's efficiency, and provides optical control to increase light output efficiency and optimize beam distribution. Optionally, the EN encapsulation layer includes components that provide power management, encompassing AC / DC conversion and power supply control. In one example, the EN encapsulation layer is a chip-on-board (COB) encapsulation layer. In another example, the EN encapsulation layer has a thickness ranging from 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm.

[0062] Various suitable insulating materials can be used to manufacture the insulating layer IN. Examples of materials suitable for manufacturing the insulating layer IN include, but are not limited to, glass, resins, adhesives, quartz, polyimide, polyester, polychlorinated biphenyls, fluorinated polymers, and optical glass. Optionally, the insulating layer IN is a transparent insulating layer. In one example, the insulating layer IN is a glass layer. In another example, the insulating layer IN has a refractive index of 1.52.

[0063] Various suitable light sources can be used in this disclosure. Examples of suitable light sources include a light-emitting diode (LED), such as a mini LED or a micro LED. In one example, the light source LS is a mini LED with a size ranging from 50 µm to 500 µm. The light source LS can be configured to emit light of various suitable colors. In one example, the light source LS is a blue light source.

[0064] Fig. 7A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. 7A In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer comprises a first base substrate BS1 and a plurality of first projections P1 on the first base substrate BS1. Optionally, the first light modulation layer further comprises an intermediate layer IM on a side of the first base substrate BS1 that is closer to the plurality of first projections P1 and on a side of the plurality of first projections P1 that is closer to the first base substrate BS1. Fig. 7B shows a light path that passes through the Fig. The first light modulation layer shown in 7A is transmitted. With reference to Fig. 7B denotes n1 as a refractive index of air, n2 as a refractive index of the plurality of first projections P1, and n3 as a refractive index of the first base substrate BS1. Optionally, the intermediate layer IM has the same refractive index as the plurality of first projections P1. Fig. 7B shows a convergence of light passing through the first light modulation layer.

[0065] Optionally, the refractive index of the multitude of first projections P1 is greater than the refractive index of the first base substrate BS1. In one example, n2 is in the range of 1.60 to 1.80, and n3 is in the range of 1.50 to 1.60. The refractive index of the first base substrate BS1 is greater than the refractive index of air.

[0066] Various suitable materials can be used to fabricate the first light modulation layer. Examples of suitable materials for fabricating the first basic substrate BS1 include silicon dioxide (SiOy), silicon nitride (SiNy, e.g., Si3N4), and silicon oxynitride (SiO₂). x N y), and organic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate). Examples of suitable materials for fabricating the multiple first projections P1 include photoresist materials. Examples of suitable materials for fabricating the intermediate layer IM include photoresist materials.

[0067] In some embodiments, the plurality of first projections P1 are a plurality of pyramids. With reference to Fig. 7A In some embodiments, a vertex of each pyramid is located on a side of the base of the respective pyramid that is farther away from the first base substrate BS1.

[0068] Fig. 7C is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a particular pyramid in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the vertex angle va of the respective pyramid lies in a range of 100 degrees to 140 degrees, e.g. 100 degrees to 105 degrees, 105 degrees to 110 degrees, 110 degrees to 115 degrees, 115 degrees to 120 degrees, 120 degrees to 125 degrees, 125 degrees to 130 degrees, 130 degrees to 135 degrees or 135 degrees to 140 degrees.

[0069] In some embodiments, a base angle of the surface ba of the respective pyramid lies in a range of 20 degrees to 40 degrees, e.g. 20 degrees to 25 degrees, 25 degrees to 30 degrees, 30 degrees to 35 degrees or 35 degrees to 40 degrees.

[0070] In some embodiments, the respective pyramid has a height in the range of 10 µm to 20 µm, e.g., 10 µm to 12 µm, 12 µm to 14 µm, 14 µm to 16 µm, 16 µm to 18 µm, or 18 µm to 20 µm. In one example, the respective pyramid has a height of 15 µm.

[0071] In some embodiments, the plurality of pyramids have a pitch in the range of 30 µm to 70 µm, e.g., 30 µm to 35 µm, 35 µm to 40 µm, 40 µm to 45 µm, 45 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 55 µm, 55 µm to 60 µm, 60 µm to 65 µm, or 65 µm to 70 µm. In one example, the plurality of pyramids have a pitch of 50 µm.

[0072] In some embodiments, the multitude of pyramids have a duty cycle of at least 80%, e.g. at least 82%, at least 84%, at least 86%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 94%, at least 96%, at least 98% or 100%.

[0073] Fig. 7D shows light convergence from through the in Fig. 7A shows the first light modulation layer transmitted light. With reference to Fig. 7D emitted light has a maximum luminance value at an exit angle of -10 degrees. Emitting light with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in the range of -18 degrees to 18 degrees.

[0074] Various parameters of the first light modulation layer can be adjusted to change the range of emission angles. Fig. 7E and Fig. Figure 7F shows light convergence of light transmitted through a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 7E shows the correlation between luminance and exit angles, with different curves in Fig. 7F each correspond to heights of the respective pyramid, which vary from 5 µm to 25 µm. Fig. Figure 7F shows the correlation between luminance and exit angles, with different curves in Fig. 7F each correspond to heights of the respective pyramid, which vary from 30 µm to 100 µm. As in Fig. 7E and Fig. As shown in Figure 7F, the range of emission angles corresponding to an emitted light with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance can be adjusted by changing the parameters of the first light modulation layer. Fig. 7E and Fig. Figure 7F shows the influence of the height of each pyramid on the emission angle. Similarly, the range of emission angles corresponding to an emitted light with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance can be adjusted by changing other parameters such as the apex angle and / or the base angle of the face of each pyramid.

[0075] Fig. Figure 7A shows a first light modulation layer in which the base of each pyramid is located on the side of the pyramid's apex furthest from the light source. With reference to Fig. 7A and Fig. In some embodiments, the first base substrate BS1 is located on a side of the plurality of first projections P1 that is remote from the light source LS. Optionally, the plurality of first projections P1 are in contact with the insulating layer IN. Optionally, the first base substrate BS1 is in contact with the second light modulation layer LM2.

[0076] Fig. Figure 8A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 8A shows a first light modulation layer in which the apex of the respective pyramid is located on a side of the base of the respective pyramid farther from the light source.

[0077] With reference to Fig. 8A In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer comprises a first base substrate BS1 and a plurality of first projections P1 on the first base substrate BS1. Optionally, the first light modulation layer further comprises an intermediate layer IM on a side of the first base substrate BS1 that is closer to the plurality of first projections P1 and on a side of the plurality of first projections P1 that is closer to the first base substrate BS1.

[0078] With reference to Fig. 8A and Fig. In some embodiments, the first base substrate BS1 is located on a side of the plurality of first projections P1 that is remote from the light source LS. Optionally, the plurality of first projections P1 are in contact with the insulating layer IN. Optionally, the first base substrate BS1 is in contact with the second light modulation layer LM2.

[0079] Various suitable materials can be used to fabricate the first light modulation layer. Examples of suitable materials for fabricating the first basic substrate BS1 include silicon dioxide (SiOy), silicon nitride (SiNy, e.g., Si3N4), and silicon oxynitride (SiO₂). x N y ), and organic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate). Examples of suitable materials for fabricating the multiple first projections P1 include photoresist materials. Examples of suitable materials for fabricating the intermediate layer IM include photoresist materials.

[0080] In some embodiments, the plurality of first projections P1 are a plurality of pyramids. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, 8A, the base of each pyramid is located on a side of a vertex of the respective pyramid that is farther from the first base substrate BS1.

[0081] Fig. Figure 8B is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a particular pyramid in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, 8B, the vertex angle va of the respective pyramid lies in a range of 100 degrees to 140 degrees, e.g. 100 degrees to 105 degrees, 105 degrees to 110 degrees, 110 degrees to 115 degrees, 115 degrees to 120 degrees, 120 degrees to 125 degrees, 125 degrees to 130 degrees, 130 degrees to 135 degrees or 135 degrees to 140 degrees.

[0082] In some embodiments, a base angle of the surface ba of the respective pyramid lies in a range of 20 degrees to 40 degrees, e.g. 20 degrees to 25 degrees, 25 degrees to 30 degrees, 30 degrees to 35 degrees or 35 degrees to 40 degrees.

[0083] In some embodiments, the respective pyramid has a height in the range of 10 µm to 20 µm, e.g., 10 µm to 12 µm, 12 µm to 14 µm, 14 µm to 16 µm, 16 µm to 18 µm, or 18 µm to 20 µm. In one example, the respective pyramid has a height of 15 µm.

[0084] In some embodiments, the plurality of pyramids have a pitch in a range of 30 µm to 70 µm, e.g. 30 µm to 35 µm, 35 µm to 40 µm, 40 µm to 45 µm, 45 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 55 µm, 55 µm to 60 µm, 60 µm to 65 µm or 65 µm to 70 µm.

[0085] In some embodiments, the multitude of pyramids have a duty cycle of at least 80%, e.g. at least 82%, at least 84%, at least 86%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 94%, at least 96%, at least 98% or 100%.

[0086] Fig. 8C shows light convergence from through the in Fig. 8A shows the first light modulation layer transmitted light. With reference to Fig. 8C emitted light has a maximum luminance value at an exit angle of -0 degrees. Emitting light with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in the range of -18 degrees to 18 degrees.

[0087] Fig. 7A and Fig. Figure 8A shows the first light modulation layers with essentially uniform pyramids that are essentially evenly distributed. Fig. Figure 9A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 9A shows a first light modulation layer with uneven pyramids. Referring to Fig. 9A In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer comprises a first base substrate BS1 and a plurality of first projections P1 on the first base substrate BS1. Optionally, the first light modulation layer further comprises an intermediate layer IM on a side of the first base substrate BS1 that is closer to the plurality of first projections P1 and on a side of the plurality of first projections P1 that is closer to the first base substrate BS1.

[0088] In some embodiments, the plurality of first projections P1 are a plurality of pyramids. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the plurality of pyramids (9A) are a plurality of non-uniform pyramids. The base of each non-uniform pyramid within the plurality of non-uniform pyramids is located on the side of a vertex of the respective non-uniform pyramid furthest from the light source. In some embodiments, the plurality of pyramids have different pitches. Optionally, the pitches of the plurality of pyramids are in a range of 30 µm to 70 µm, e.g., 30 µm to 35 µm, 35 µm to 40 µm, 40 µm to 45 µm, 45 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 55 µm, 55 µm to 60 µm, 60 µm to 65 µm, or 65 µm to 70 µm.

[0089] In some embodiments, at least two of the plurality of pyramids have different heights. Optionally, the heights of the plurality of pyramids are in a range of 5 µm to 25 µm, e.g., 5 µm to 10 µm, 10 µm to 15 µm, 15 µm to 20 µm, or 20 µm to 25 µm.

[0090] In some embodiments, the vertex angle va of the respective pyramid lies in a range of 100 degrees to 140 degrees, e.g. 100 degrees to 105 degrees, 105 degrees to 110 degrees, 110 degrees to 115 degrees, 115 degrees to 120 degrees, 120 degrees to 125 degrees, 125 degrees to 130 degrees, 130 degrees to 135 degrees or 135 degrees to 140 degrees.

[0091] In some embodiments, a base angle of the surface ba of the respective pyramid lies in a range of 20 degrees to 40 degrees, e.g. 20 degrees to 25 degrees, 25 degrees to 30 degrees, 30 degrees to 35 degrees or 35 degrees to 40 degrees.

[0092] In some embodiments, the multitude of pyramids have a duty cycle of at least 80%, e.g. at least 82%, at least 84%, at least 86%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 94%, at least 96%, at least 98% or 100%.

[0093] Fig. 9B shows light convergence from through the in Fig. 9A shows the first light modulation layer transmitted light. With reference to Fig. 9B emitted light has a maximum luminance value at an emission angle of -0 degrees. Emitting light with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an emission angle in the range of -18 degrees to 18 degrees.

[0094] Fig. Figure 9C is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer in 9C comprises a first base substrate BS1 and a plurality of first projections P1 on the first base substrate BS1. Optionally, the first light modulation layer further comprises an intermediate layer IM on a side of the first base substrate BS1 that is closer to the plurality of first projections P1 and on a side of the plurality of first projections P1 that is closer to the first base substrate BS1.

[0095] In some embodiments, the plurality of first projections P1 are a plurality of pyramids. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the plurality of pyramids (9C) are a plurality of non-uniform pyramids. An apex of each non-uniform pyramid within the plurality of non-uniform pyramids is located on a side of the base of the respective non-uniform pyramid furthest from the light source. In some embodiments, the plurality of pyramids have different pitches. Optionally, the pitches of the plurality of pyramids are in a range of 30 µm to 70 µm, e.g., 30 µm to 35 µm, 35 µm to 40 µm, 40 µm to 45 µm, 45 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 55 µm, 55 µm to 60 µm, 60 µm to 65 µm, or 65 µm to 70 µm.

[0096] Fig. Figure 9D is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a first light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer in 9D comprises a first base substrate BS1 and a plurality of first projections P1 on the first base substrate BS1. Optionally, the first light modulation layer further comprises an intermediate layer IM on a side of the first base substrate BS1 that is closer to the plurality of first projections P1 and on a side of the plurality of first projections P1 that is closer to the first base substrate BS1.

[0097] In some embodiments, the plurality of first projections P1 are a plurality of pyramids. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the plurality of pyramids in 9D is a plurality of non-uniform pyramids. In some embodiments, the plurality of pyramids has different pitches. Optionally, the pitches of the plurality of pyramids are in a range of 30 µm to 70 µm, e.g., 30 µm to 35 µm, 35 µm to 40 µm, 40 µm to 45 µm, 45 µm to 50 µm, 50 µm to 55 µm, 55 µm to 60 µm, 60 µm to 65 µm, or 65 µm to 70 µm.

[0098] With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, 9D comprises the plurality of pyramids, a plurality of first pyramids, and a plurality of second pyramids. An apex of each first pyramid in the plurality of first pyramids is located on a side of a base of that first pyramid furthest from the light source. A base of each second pyramid in the plurality of second pyramids is located on a side of an apex of that second pyramid furthest from the light source.

[0099] Fig. Figure 10A is a cross-sectional view of a second light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 10B is a top view of a second light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 10C is a top view of a second light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the second light modulation layer 10A comprises a second base substrate BS2 and a plurality of second projections P2 on the second base substrate BS2.

[0100] In some embodiments, the plurality of second projections P2 are a plurality of annular projections. Optionally, the plurality of annular projections are concentric. As used herein, the term "annular" refers to a structure or part of a structure with a hole through it. An annular structure may consist of a square, a rectangle, a triangle, or any other shape with a through hole, or it may be substantially round, like a donut.

[0101] In some embodiments, a central area of ​​the second light modulation layer is not provided with an annular projection, which corresponds to a deflection angle of zero degrees for a central area of ​​the display panel in a virtual display device according to the present disclosure. The in Fig. 10A to Fig. The plurality of annular projections shown in Figure 10C correspond to non-zero deflection angles for non-central areas of the display board in a virtual display device according to the present disclosure. As discussed previously, in some embodiments the deflection angles vary (e.g. increase) gradually (continuously or stepwise) from the central area to the edge area of ​​the display board in a virtual display device according to the present disclosure, as per equation (7).

[0102] With reference to Fig. In 10B, the multitude of ring-shaped projections in some embodiments have a substantially uniform ring frame width w. A substantially uniform ring frame width w greatly simplifies the manufacturing process of the second light modulation layer. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, at least two of the multiple annular projections in 10C have different ring frame widths. In another example, the ring frame widths of the multiple annular projections gradually increase from the central area to the edge area. In another example, the ring frame widths of the multiple annular projections gradually decrease from the central area to the edge area. Different ring frame widths allow for various deflection angles across the display panel.

[0103] Various suitable materials can be used for fabricating the second light modulation layer. Examples of suitable materials for fabricating the second base substrate BS2 include silicon oxide (SiOy), silicon nitride (SiNy, e.g., Si3N4), and silicon oxynitride (SiO₂). x N y ) and organic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate). Examples of suitable materials for the fabrication of the multitude of second projections P2 include photoresist materials.

[0104] Fig. Figure 11 shows a deflection of light transmitted through a second light modulation layer in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. A cross-section of each annular projection of the plurality of annular projections is shown in Fig. 11 shown. With reference to Fig. In section 11A, a deflection angle is designated as θ6. The relationship between in Fig. The angles shown in the 11 diagrams can be determined according to Snell's law. n1*sin θ1=n2*sin θ2 n2*sin θ3=n3*sin θ4 n3*sin θ5=n1*sin θ6 where n1 represents the refractive index of air, n2 represents the refractive index of the plurality of second projections P2, and n3 represents the refractive index of the second base substrate BS2. In one example, the plurality of second projections P2 are made of a photoresist material, and n2 is a refractive index of the photoresist material.

[0105] Optionally, the refractive index of the plurality of second projections P2 is greater than the refractive index of the second base substrate BS2. In one example, n2 is in the range of 1.60 to 1.80, and n3 is in the range of 1.50 to 1.60. The refractive index of the second base substrate BS2 is greater than the refractive index of air.

[0106] In some embodiments, a lower surface S1 and an upper surface S2 of the second base substrate BS2 are essentially parallel to each other. Therefore, θ3 = θ1 - θ2, and θ4 = θ5. Accordingly: n1*sin θ6=n3*sin θ5=n3*sin θ4=n2*sin θ3=n2*sin(θ1−θ2).

[0107] The deflection angle θ6 is correlated with θ1, θ2, n1, and n2. The deflection angle θ6 is not correlated with the thickness of the second base substrate BS2, nor is it related to the distance between any given second projection and the second base substrate BS2. The deflection angle θ6 is only indirectly correlated with the refractive index n3 of the second base substrate BS2, as it is correlated with the value of θ1 - θ2.

[0108] In some embodiments, the respective annular projection has a cross-section along a plane that runs perpendicular to a surface of the second base substrate BS2 and intersects the plurality of second projections (e.g., a cross-section as in Fig. (as shown in Figure 11), a first base angle α1 and a second base angle α2. Optionally, α1 and α2 are different from each other. Optionally, α2 is larger than α1, with the first base angle α1 lying on a side of the second base angle α2 that is closer to a central region of the second light modulation layer.

[0109] Fig. Figure 11B shows a simplified case of the second light modulation layer in which the refractive index of the second base substrate BS2 and the refractive index of the respective annular projection are essentially the same. In one example, the refractive indices of the second base substrate BS2 and the respective annular projection are both 1.5. In the simplified case, the deflection angle θ2 is equal to the first base angle α1.

[0110] Fig. Figure 12 shows a correlation between a deflection angle and a base angle of a respective annular projection in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. 12. The larger the first base angle, the larger the deflection angle. Furthermore, a difference between n1 and n2 affects the deflection angle. The greater the difference, the greater the deflection angle. The dotted line in Fig. 12 indicates the deflection angle, which ranges from 0 to 16 degrees. This allows the second light modulation layer to achieve a wide range of deflection angles, which is necessary for scoreboards with particularly small or large dimensions. For a very small scoreboard, it is necessary to deflect the light outwards from the central area. For a very large scoreboard, it is necessary to deflect the light inwards, closer to the central area. In one example, the deflection angle ranges from -16 degrees to 16 degrees.

[0111] The respective ring-shaped protrusion can have various suitable forms. With reference to Fig. 11 In some embodiments, the cross-section of the respective ring-shaped projection has a triangular shape. Fig. Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of a respective annular projection in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. 13 In some embodiments, the cross-section of the respective annular projection has a freely formed curved surface. Although the respective annular projection has a freely formed curved surface, deflection of light passing through the Fig. 13 each of the ring-shaped projections shown passes through, which in Fig. The 11 shown are largely similar. For example, various angles (⌷1 to ⌷6) are shown in Fig. Figure 11 shows essentially the same angles as corresponding angles in the respective annular projection that is in Fig. 13 is shown.

[0112] Several suitable methods can be used to fabricate the first and second light modulation layers. In one example, the first and / or second light modulation layers can be fabricated by patterning a light modulation material (e.g., a photoresist material) onto a base substrate material. In another example, the first and / or second light modulation layers can be prefabricated separately and then deposited onto the light-emitting substrate. For example, the first and / or second light modulation layers can be deposited onto the light-emitting substrate by electrostatic force. In another example, the first and / or second light modulation layers can be deposited onto the light-emitting substrate using an adhesive layer.In another example, the first and / or second light modulation layer can be applied to the light-emitting substrate using a nanoimprinting process. Alternatively, the first and / or second light modulation layer can be applied to the light-emitting substrate using a roll-to-roll process. The first and / or second base substrate can be made of an organic polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, or poly(methyl methacrylate).

[0113] Fig. Figure 14A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14B is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14C is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14D is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14E is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14F is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 15 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 5A to Fig. 5F and Fig. 6A to Fig. Figure 6B shows exemplary embodiments of a directly illuminated, light-emitting substrate and a virtual display device thereof. Fig. 14A to Fig. 14F and Fig. Figure 15 shows exemplary embodiments of an edge-illuminated, light-emitting substrate and a virtual display device thereof.

[0114] With reference to Fig. 5A In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS (an edge-illuminated light source for providing indirect light) on the reflective layer RL, and a first light modulation layer LM1 on a side of the light source LS remote from the reflective layer RL. In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light. Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light exiting the first light modulation layer LM1 with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a region substantially equal to or smaller than a range of angles with respect to a surface of the display panel DP of light emitted by subpixels in a respective region (e.g.,a central area, a peripheral area, or any individual area) of the display panel and which can be received by the eyebox. Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light exiting the first light modulation layer LM1 with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a range that is substantially equal to or less than a range of angles according to equation (6).

[0115] With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS (an edge-illuminated light source for providing indirect light) on the reflective layer RL, and a second light-modulating layer LM2 on a side of the light source LS remote from the reflective layer RL. In some embodiments, the second light-modulating layer LM2 is configured to deflect light. Optionally, the second light-modulating layer LM2 is configured to deflect light emitted from the light-emitting substrate to a central area of ​​a display panel. Optionally, the second light-modulating layer LM2 is configured to deflect light exiting the light-emitting substrate such that the light exiting the second light-modulating layer LM2 has a deflection angle according to equation (7).

[0116] With reference to Fig. 14C, the light-emitting substrate in some embodiments comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS (an edge-illuminated light source for providing indirect light) on the reflective layer RL, a first light modulation layer LM1 on a side of the light source LS away from the reflective layer RL, and a second light modulation layer LM2 on a side of the first light modulation layer LM1 away from the light source LS. Fig. Figure 14D is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS (an edge-illuminated light source for providing indirect light) on the reflective layer RL, a second light modulation layer LM2 on a side of the light source LS remote from the reflective layer RL, and a first light modulation layer LM1 on a side of the second light modulation layer LM2 remote from the light source LS. The inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that a synergistic effect with a surprisingly improved light utilization rate can be achieved in a virtual display device according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light, and the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect light.Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light exiting the first light modulation layer LM1, with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance, is limited to an exit angle in a range substantially equal to or smaller than a range of angles of light with respect to a surface of the display board emitted from subpixels in a particular area (e.g., a central area, a periphery area, or any individual area) of the display board DP, and which can be received through the eye socket; and the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect light emitted from the light-emitting substrate towards a central area of ​​a display board.Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light exiting the first light modulation layer LM1 with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a range that is substantially equal to or less than a range of angles according to equation (6); and the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect the light emitted from the light-emitting substrate such that the light exiting the second light modulation layer LM2 has a deflection angle according to equation (7).

[0117] With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the virtual display device comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS (an edge-illuminated light source for providing indirect light) on the reflective layer RL, a first light modulation layer LM1 and / or a second light modulation layer LM2 on a side of the light source LS remote from the reflective layer RL, and a display panel DP on a side of the first light modulation layer LM1 and / or the second light modulation layer LM2 remote from the light source LS. Light emitted by the light source LS is first modulated by the first light modulation layer LM1 and / or the second light modulation layer LM2; the modulated light is then provided to the display panel DP for image display.

[0118] With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the virtual display device comprises a reflective layer RL, a light source LS (an edge-illuminated light source for providing indirect light) on the reflective layer RL, a display panel DP on a side of the light source LS away from the reflective layer RL, and a first light modulation layer LM1 and / or a second light modulation layer LM2 on a side of the display panel DP away from the light source LS. Light emitted from the light source is first provided to the display panel DP, and light transmitted through the display panel DP is subsequently modulated by the first light modulation layer LM1 and / or the second light modulation layer LM2.

[0119] With reference to Fig. 15 In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate comprises a reflective layer RL, a light guide plate LGP on the reflective layer RL, a light source LS (an edge-illuminated light source for providing indirect light) on an edge of the light guide plate LGP, a diffuser film DF on a side of the light guide plate LGP away from the reflective layer RL, a first light modulation layer LM1 on a side of the diffuser film DF away from the light guide plate LGP, and a second light modulation layer LM2 on a side of the first light modulation layer LM1 away from the diffuser film DF. Light modulated by the first light modulation layer LM1 and the second light modulation layer LM2 is converged and deflected.

[0120] In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate according to the present disclosure is a light-emitting substrate in a light-emitting diode display panel, e.g. a mini light-emitting diode display panel or a micro light-emitting diode display panel.

[0121] In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate according to the present disclosure is a backlight for providing light to a display panel, e.g. a liquid crystal display panel.

[0122] Fig. Figure 16A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate in 16A comprises a light source LS and a first light modulation layer LM1 on the light source LS. In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light. Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light exiting the first light modulation layer LM1 with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a region that is substantially equal to or smaller than an angular range with respect to a surface of the display panel, of light emitted by subpixels in a respective region (e.g., a central region, a peripheral region, or any single region) of the display panel that can be received by the eyebox.Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light exiting the first light modulation layer LM1 with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a range that is substantially equal to or less than a range of angles according to equation (6).

[0123] Fig. Figure 16B is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate comprises a light source LS and a second light modulation layer LM2 on the light source LS. In some embodiments, the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect light. Optionally, the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect light emitted from the light-emitting substrate towards a central area of ​​a display panel. Optionally, the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect the light emitted from the light-emitting substrate such that the light exiting the second light modulation layer LM2 has a deflection angle according to equation (7).

[0124] Fig. Figure 16C is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, 16C the light-emitting substrate comprises a light source LS, a first light modulation layer LM1 on the light source LS and a second light modulation layer LM2 on a side of the first light modulation layer LM1 away from the light source LS. Fig. Figure 16D is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. With reference to Fig. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate comprises a light source LS, a second light modulation layer LM2 on the light source LS, and a first light modulation layer LM1 on a side of the second light modulation layer LM2 remote from the light source LS. The inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that a synergistic effect with a surprisingly improved light utilization rate can be achieved in a virtual display device according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light, and the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect light.Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light exiting the first light modulation layer LM1, with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance, is limited to an exit angle in a range substantially equal to or smaller than a range of angles of light with respect to a surface of the display board emitted from subpixels in a particular area (e.g., a central area, a periphery area, or any individual area) of the display board DP, and which can be received through the eye socket; and the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect light emitted from the light-emitting substrate towards a central area of ​​a display board.Optionally, the first light modulation layer LM1 is configured to converge light such that light exiting the first light modulation layer LM1 with a luminance at least equal to or greater than 80% of the maximum luminance is limited to an exit angle in a range that is substantially equal to or less than a range of angles according to equation (6); and the second light modulation layer LM2 is configured to deflect the light emitted from the light-emitting substrate such that the light exiting the second light modulation layer LM2 has a deflection angle according to equation (7).

[0125] Fig. Figure 17A is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a light-emitting substrate in a virtual display device in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Fig. 17B shows a light path of the one in Fig. Light emitted from the light-emitting substrate shown in 17A. With reference to Fig. 17A and Fig. In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate 17B comprises a light source LS and an encapsulation layer EN on the light source LS. The encapsulation layer EN encapsulates the light source LS.

[0126] In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate further comprises an insulating layer IN on a side of the encapsulation layer EN furthest from the light source LS, a first light-modulating layer LM1 on a side of the insulating layer IN furthest from the encapsulation layer EN, and a second light-modulating layer LM2 on a side of the first light-modulating layer LM1 furthest from the insulating layer IN. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 17B, light modulated by the first light modulation layer LM1 and the second light modulation layer LM2 converges and is deflected.

[0127] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for producing a light-emitting substrate. In some embodiments, the method comprises providing a light source; forming a first light-modulating layer with a first microstructure on a side close to the light source; and forming a second light-modulating layer with a second microstructure on a side farther from the light source. Optionally, the first light-modulating layer is configured to converge light. Optionally, the second light-modulating layer is configured to deflect light.

[0128] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a virtual display device. In some embodiments, the method comprises providing a display panel; providing a lens; providing a light source; providing a reflective layer configured to reflect light emitted from the light source; and forming at least one first light modulation layer or a second light modulation layer on a side of the light source remote from the reflective layer. Optionally, the first light modulation layer is configured to converge light. Optionally, the second light modulation layer is configured to deflect light.

[0129] The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the exact form or the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Accordingly, the foregoing description should be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting. Naturally, numerous modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments are selected and described to explain the principles of the invention and its best practical application, thus enabling those skilled in the art to understand the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications suitable for the respective intended use or implementation.It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents, in which all terms are to be understood in the broadest reasonable sense unless otherwise specified. Therefore, the term "the invention," "the present invention," or similar does not necessarily limit the scope of the claims to a particular embodiment, and reference to exemplary embodiments of the invention does not imply any limitation of the invention, nor may any such limitation be inferred. The invention is limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, these claims may refer to the use of "first," "second," etc., followed by a noun or element.Such terms should be understood as nomenclature and not interpreted as limiting the number of elements modified by this nomenclature, unless a specific number has been indicated. The described advantages and benefits may not apply to all embodiments of the invention. It should be borne in mind that the embodiments described by those skilled in the art may be varied by persons without deviation from the scope of the present invention as defined in the following claims. Furthermore, no element or component in the present disclosure is intended to be made public, regardless of whether the element or component is expressly mentioned in the following claims.

Claims

[1] Light-emitting substrate, comprising: a light source; a first light modulation layer with a first microstructure on a side close to the light source; and a second light modulation layer with a second microstructure on a side away from the light source. [2] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first light modulation layer is configured to converge light; and the second light modulation layer is configured to deflect light. [3] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 2, wherein the second light modulation layer is located on a side of the first light modulation layer that is away from the light source. [4] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 2, wherein the first light modulation layer is located on a side of the second light modulation layer that is away from the light source. [5] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first light modulation layer comprises a first base substrate and a plurality of first projections on the first base substrate; and a refractive index of the plurality of first projections is greater than a refractive index of the first base substrate. [6] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of first projections are a plurality of pyramids. [7] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 6, wherein an apex of each pyramid of the plurality of pyramids is located on a side of a base of each pyramid that is close to the light source; and the base of each pyramid is in contact with the first base substrate or in contact with an intermediate layer on a side of the plurality of pyramids that is close to the first base substrate. [8] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 6, wherein an apex of each pyramid of the plurality of pyramids is located on a side of a base of each pyramid that is away from the light source; and the apex of each pyramid is in contact with the first base substrate or in contact with an intermediate layer on a side of the plurality of pyramids that is close to the first base substrate. [9] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of pyramids are a plurality of non-uniform pyramids; where the multiple pyramids have different spacings; and / or wherein an apex of at least one first pyramid of the plurality of pyramids is located on a side of a base of the first pyramid close to the light source, and an apex of at least one second pyramid of the plurality of pyramids is located on a side of a base of the second pyramid farther from the light source. [10] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second light modulation layer comprises a second base substrate and a plurality of second projections on the second base substrate; and the plurality of second projections are a plurality of annular projections surrounding a central region of the second light modulation layer. [11] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 10, wherein the ring frame widths of the plurality of ring projections gradually change from the central region to an edge region of the second light modulation layer. [12] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 10, wherein the central area of ​​the second light modulation layer does not include an annular projection. [13] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 10, wherein in a cross-section along a plane perpendicular to a surface of the second base substrate and intersecting the plurality of second projections, each annular projection of the plurality of annular projections has a triangular shape. [14] Light-emitting substrate according to claim 10, wherein a refractive index of the plurality of ring projections is greater than a refractive index of the second base substrate. [15] Display device comprising the light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 14; and one or more integrated circuits. [16] Display device according to claim 15, wherein the light source is configured to emit light along a direction towards the first modulation layer and the second modulation layer; and the light-emitting substrate is part of a display panel of the display device. [17] Display device according to claim 15, further comprising: a scoreboard; a lens; and a reflective layer designed to reflect light emitted by the light source; wherein at least one of a first light modulation layer or a second light modulation layer is located on a side of the light source away from the reflection layer; the first light modulation layer is designed to converge light; and The second light modulation layer is designed to deflect light. [18] Display device according to claim 17, wherein the first light modulation layer is configured to converge light such that light emitted from the first light modulation layer with a luminance that is at least equal to or greater than 80% of a maximum luminance is limited to an emission angle in a region that is substantially equal to or smaller than a range of angles of light with respect to a surface of the display panel that is emitted from subpixels in a respective region of the display panel and that can be received by an eye socket; where an absolute maximum value of the range of angles is defined by: tan−1(fh2−(a+d2)−tan−1(fh2−(a−d2); where h represents the width of the display board, a represents the radius of the lens minus the radius of the eye socket, f represents the focal length of the lens, and d represents the diameter of the eye socket. [19] Display device according to claim 18, wherein the range of angles is between -9 degrees and 9 degrees. [20] Display device according to claim 17, wherein light deflected by the second light modulation layer has a deflection angle defined by: θ=γ+β−γ2=12(γ+β); where θ represents the deflection angle, β represents a maximum value of an angle of light with respect to a surface of the scoreboard, emitted from subpixels in an area of ​​the scoreboard and which can be received through the eye socket, and γ represents a minimum value of the angle of light with respect to the surface of the scoreboard, emitted from the subpixels in the area of ​​the scoreboard and which can be received through the eye socket. [21] Display device according to claim 20, wherein the deflection angle is between -16 degrees and 16 degrees.

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