PYRO-FUSE, POWER SYSTEM, AND VEHICLE

Abstract

A pyrolytic fuse comprises a fuse housing with upper and lower terminals. A guide rod, an actuating unit, and a terminal adapter are mounted inside the fuse housing. When the guide rod is in its first position, the upper and lower terminals are electrically connected via the guide rod. When the guide rod is in its second position, the actuating unit causes a separable connection structure to break the electrical connection between the upper and lower terminals.

Description

PRIORITY INFORMATION

[0001] This application claims priority and benefit from patent application No. 202311035514.6, which was filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on August 15, 2023, and is incorporated herein in full by reference. TECHNICAL AREA

[0002] This application relates to a fuse, in particular a pyrotechnic fuse. Furthermore, this application relates to an energy installation containing the pyrotechnic fuse. Additionally, this application relates to a vehicle containing the pyrotechnic fuse. BACKGROUND

[0003] As a crucial component for circuit interruption, a fuse can automatically cut off the current in an electrical circuit when a fault, such as an overload, short circuit, or undervoltage, occurs in a power line or electrical device, thus protecting the line or device and preventing a serious safety hazard. A pyrolytic fuse is a type of fuse that can trigger a protective action by receiving a control signal to actively interrupt a circuit. In the development of modern new energy vehicles, the risk of electrical conduction within a vehicle chassis due to a short circuit is a key consideration. Many electric vehicles are equipped with pyrolytic fuses that actively disconnect high-voltage components when internal circuits short-circuit to ensure driving safety.Current pyrotechnic fuses generally exhibit a conflict between switching difficulties and heat generation at weak points. SUMMARY

[0004] One technical problem addressed in this application is the provision of a pyrolytic fuse. The pyrolytic fuse can resolve a conflict between the difficulty of tripping and the heat generated at a weak point, allowing for a high tripping speed, reduced heat generation, and increased reliability.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved in this application is furthermore to provide an energy system in which the energy system's safety mechanism has a higher response speed, generates less heat and is more reliable.

[0006] Furthermore, the technical problem to be solved in this application is to provide a vehicle in which the vehicle's safety mechanism has a higher response speed, generates less heat and is more reliable.

[0007] To solve the aforementioned technical problem, this application provides, in one aspect, a pyroelectric fuse. The pyroelectric fuse comprises a hollow fuse housing connected to an upper terminal and a lower terminal, as well as a terminal adapter. A guide rod (conductive rod) and an actuation unit (actuator) are mounted inside the fuse housing. The guide rod and the terminal adapter are connected to each other by a separable linkage and are arranged in a first position.When the guide rod is in the first position, the upper terminal and the lower terminal are electrically connected via the guide rod, and the action unit is able to disconnect the separable connection structure, so that the guide rod moves from the first position to a second position to disconnect an electrical connection between the upper terminal and the lower terminal.

[0008] More precisely, optionally, the separable connection structure is a press-fit connection structure or a snap-fit ​​connection structure.

[0009] Preferably, a conductive melting device is also included, wherein, when the guide rod is in the first position, the upper terminal and the lower terminal are electrically connected to the guide rod via the conductive melting device, the conductive melting device is capable of interrupting the electrical connection between the upper terminal and the lower terminal, the conductive melting device contains at least one fuse, fuses are connected in parallel, the fuse has at least one series of fuse sections, and the fuse is arranged around the action unit.

[0010] Preferably, the upper terminal comprises a first upper connecting wire section and a second upper connecting wire section, the conductive melting device comprises at least two fuse pieces, the first upper connecting wire section is electrically connected to one part of the fuse pieces, the second upper connecting wire section is electrically connected to the other part of the fuse pieces, the lower terminal comprises a lower connecting wire section, and the lower connecting wire section is electrically connected to the guide rod.

[0011] Preferably, an internal terminal is also included, wherein the fuse housing comprises an upper housing and a lower housing, an upper housing cavity and a lower housing cavity are each formed within the upper housing and the lower housing, a stepped support surface is formed between the upper housing cavity and the lower housing cavity, the internal terminal is supported on the stepped support surface, one end of the conductive melting device is connected to the upper terminal, the other end of the conductive melting device is connected to the internal terminal, the connection fitting comprises the internal terminal and the lower terminal, and then, when the guide rod is in the first position, the internal terminal and the guide rod are connected by the separable connection structure.and the lower terminal block and the guide rod are connected by the separable connection structure, and when the guide rod is in the second position, the internal terminal block is separated from the guide rod.

[0012] In particular, the action unit alternatively comprises an ignition device, an ignition tube base and an air duct, a gas cavity is formed within the air duct, one end of the air duct is supported on the internal terminal block, the other end of the air duct is connected to the ignition tube base, the ignition device is arranged on the ignition tube base, a detonation section of the ignition device extends into one end of the gas cavity, a connecting section of the guide rod extends into the other end of the gas cavity, and the ignition device is capable of generating high-pressure gas after detonation, so that the separable connecting structure is separated and the guide rod moves from the first position towards the second position.

[0013] In particular, an optional guide bar cavity is formed within one end of the lower terminal clamp, a flange support section is formed within the lower terminal clamp, a guide section of the guide bar extends into the guide bar cavity to cause the separable connection structure to separate, so that the guide bar moves from the first position along the guide bar cavity to the second position, and when the guide bar is in the second position, the guide bar is supported on the flange support section, and the guide bar is separated from the internal terminal clamp.

[0014] In particular, the air duct optionally comprises a seamless steel sleeve and an insulating tube, wherein the insulating tube is applied to an outside of the seamless steel sleeve, such that the seamless steel tube is separately connected to the upper terminal clamp and the internal terminal clamp in an insulated manner, wherein the terminal fitting further comprises an insulating tube and the insulating tube and the guide rod are connected by the separable connecting structure.

[0015] Preferably, the upper housing and the lower housing are connected by a locking ring, the lower terminal and the lower housing are connected by a screw, the fuse housing further comprises an end cap and a sealing cover, and the upper housing is separately connected to the end cap, the sealing cover and the ignition tube base by a screw.

[0016] Preferably, the fuse housing is filled with an arc quenching medium, and a spike structure for arc guidance is formed on the connection section.

[0017] Preferably, an insulating cone, the upper surface of which is a plane, is mounted on an upper end face of the connecting section of the guide rod. The insulating cone is capable of interacting with an inner surface of the air duct to insulate the guide rod and the high-pressure gas generated by the ignition device.

[0018] Based on the preceding technical solution for pyrotechnic protection, this application further provides a power supply system. The power supply system incorporates the pyrotechnic protection system as described in one of the preceding technical solutions.

[0019] Based on the preceding technical solution for pyrotechnic safety, this application further provides a vehicle. The vehicle incorporates the pyrotechnic safety system as described in one of the preceding technical solutions.

[0020] According to the preceding technical solution, the pyro-fuse in this application can uniquely and quickly disconnect an electrical connection between the upper and lower terminals by means of a separable connection between a guide rod and a connecting adapter, and heat generation is low during normal operation.

[0021] Furthermore, the pyrolytic fuse in this application incorporates passive protection, so that when a high fault current occurs, the fuse can first activate a passive protection system to interrupt a faulty circuit, and when a low fault current occurs, the fuse can first activate an active protection system to interrupt a faulty circuit. This reduces the difficulty of interruption and heat generation during normal operation. In addition, the pyrolytic fuse provided in this application features a high space utilization rate, meets the requirements for miniaturization and low weight, and facilitates practical installation and application.

[0022] Furthermore, the spike structure is formed on the connecting section of the guide rod so that an arc generated between conductors can be introduced into the lower housing cavity under high voltage conditions and the arc is extinguished by the arc quenching medium in the lower housing cavity to improve the arc quenching capability and the safety performance of the fuse.

[0023] Furthermore, the insulating cone is mounted on the upper end face of the connecting section. Compared to the high-pressure gas acting directly on the spike structure to advance the guide rod, the high-pressure gas acting on the insulating cone can generate a greater thrust force for the guide rod. Additionally, the insulating cone prevents contact between the guide rod and the high-pressure fuel gas, which contains a high-energy plasma generated during detonation of the ignition device. This prevents the coupling effect between the high-pressure fuel gas and an arc, further improving the safety performance of the fuse. The insulating cone also protects the tip of the spike structure from damage by the high-pressure gas, thus improving the reliability of the arc quenching function of the spike structure.

[0024] Additional features and advantages of this application are described in more detail in the following section on the specific embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a diagram of the structure of a specific embodiment of a fuse which combines melting and interruption by mechanical forces in a conventional technique; Fig. 2 is a diagram of the structure of a pyro-fuse in a specific embodiment of this application at a first position; Fig. Figure 3 is a diagram of the structure of a pyrotechnic fuse in a specific embodiment of this application at a second position; and Fig. Figure 4 is a diagram of an internal structure of a pyroelectric fuse in a specific embodiment of this application. Reference sign 1 upper terminal block 3 Guide rod 5 upper case 7 Locking ring 9 internal terminal blocks 11 Ignition tube base 13 Gas cavity 15 Connecting section 17 Leadership section 19 Sealing cover 21 Spike structure 23 Flange support section 25 Insulating tube 27 second upper connecting wire section 29 fuse boxes 31 Connecting piece 41 safety piece 61 lower case cavity 2 lower terminal block 4 conductive melting device 6 lower case 8 stepped support surfaces 10 Ignition device 12 air duct 14 Detonation section 16 Guide rod cavity 18 End cap 20 Arc extinguishing medium 22 insulating cones 24 seamless steel sleeves 26 first upper connecting wire section 28 lower connecting wire section 30 action units 32 separable connection structure 51 upper case cavity 200 Pyro-safety DESCRIPTION OF EXECUTION FORMS

[0025] Specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is clear that the specific embodiments described here serve only to describe and explain this application, but are not intended to limit it.

[0026] In this application, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish one element from another and are not sequential or important, nor do they constitute a limitation of the scope of protection of this application. "Inside and outside" means the interior and exterior of an outline of a corresponding component. Orientation terms such as "top and bottom" are used specifically in a case where a direction in which the center of gravity of a pyrolytic fuse points toward a sealing cover 19 means upward, and a direction in which the center of gravity of the pyrolytic fuse points toward a lower terminal 2 means downward. A high fault current in this application means that the current in a circuit is much greater than the current during normal operation, and the high fault current can cause a fuse in the circuit to melt rapidly.In this application, a weak fault current means that the current in a circuit is higher than the current during normal operation. Under the influence of a weak fault current, the melting rate of the fuse is relatively low. In this case, an excitation signal source responds quickly and sends an excitation signal. The pyrolytic fuse interrupts the current quickly after receiving the excitation signal.

[0027] As in Fig. Figure 1 discloses a conventional technique for a fuse that combines melting and mechanical force-induced separation and comprises a hollow housing 100. An arc-quenching medium 101 is filled into the housing 100, a melting device 102 is arranged in the housing 100, and two ends of the melting device 102 are each connected to conductive terminals 103 on a housing wall. A breaker 104 for disconnecting a weak point of the melting device 102 is arranged in the housing 100. The breaker 104 of a conventional pyrotechnic fuse is located in an arc-quenching medium 101. Consequently, the arc-quenching medium 101 hinders the action of the breaker 104, and the corresponding time is extended. Furthermore, an active protective separation component and a passive protective separation component share a melting device 102.Consequently, if a weak part of a conductive body is made thin, the cross-sectional area of ​​the weak part is reduced, and consequently the resistance of the weak part is increased, and the amount of heat generated is large in a high-current operating condition; and if a weak part of a conductive body is made thick, the difficulty of interrupting the electrical conductor by the interrupting device 104 is increased. To solve this problem, this application provides a pyroelectric fuse.

[0028] As in Fig. 2 and Fig. As shown in Figure 3, a pyro-fuse 200 according to this embodiment of this application comprises a hollow fuse housing 29 connected to an upper terminal 1 and a lower terminal 2, and a terminal adapter 31. A guide rod 3 (conductive rod) and an action unit 30 are mounted inside the fuse housing 29. The guide rod 3 and the terminal adapter 31 are connected by a separable connection structure 32 and are arranged in a first position. When the guide rod 3 is in the first position, the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2 are electrically connected via the guide rod 3, and the action unit 30 is capable of disconnecting the separable connection structure 32, causing the guide rod 3 to move from the first position to a second position to break the electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2.The guide rod 3 and the action unit 30 form an active protection system. The pyro-fuse 200 is connected to a protected circuit via the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2. The action unit 30 is connected to an excitation signal source. The active protection system is triggered when a fault current occurs, and the action unit 30 receives the excitation signal sent by the excitation signal source. The action unit 30 causes the short-circuiting connection between the guide rod 3 and the terminal fitting 31 to open, thus moving the guide rod 3 from the first position to the second position and breaking the electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2. The active protection system can quickly interrupt a working circuit in response to the excitation signal, and heat generation during normal operation is low.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the pyro-fuse 200 further comprises a conductive fusible link 4. When the guide rod 3 is in the first position, the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2 are electrically connected to the guide rod 3 via the conductive fusible link 4, and the conductive fusible link 4 is capable of breaking an electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2. The conductive fusible link 4 comprises at least one fuse element 41, the fuse elements 41 are connected in parallel, the fuse element 41 has at least one series of fuse sections, and the fuse element 41 is arranged around the action device 30. The pyro-fuse 200 can handle a high-current operating condition by connecting the plurality of fuse elements 41 in parallel.The conductive fuse 4 is connected in series with the active protection system as a passive protection system. The passive protection system reacts when a fault current occurs. The current causes the fuse section of the conductive fuse 4 to melt rapidly, thus interrupting the electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2. The pyro-fuse 200 in this application can integrate the passive protection system. In this way, the fuse section of the passive protection system melts rapidly under the influence of a high fault current, so that the passive protection system protects the working circuit. In the case of a low fault current, the breaking speed of the passive protection system is slow.In this case, an excitation signal is sent from an external excitation signal source to activate the action unit 30, causing the separable connection structure 32 to disconnect. This moves the guide rod 3 from the first position to the second position and breaks the electrical connection between the upper and lower terminals. In this way, the circuit is disconnected, allowing the active protection system to protect it. The Pyro fuse 200 in this application can provide both the active and passive protection systems, with the active and passive protection systems connected in series. The disconnection speed is high, and the Pyro fuse 200 generates less heat when the circuit is operating normally. This resolves the trade-off between disconnection difficulties and high heat generation.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the upper terminal 1 comprises a first upper connecting wire section 26 and a second upper connecting wire section 27. The conductive fusible link 4 comprises at least two fuse pieces 41, wherein the first upper connecting wire section 26 is electrically connected to one part of the fuse pieces 41 and the second upper connecting wire section 27 is electrically connected to the other part of the fuse pieces 41. The lower terminal 2 comprises a lower connecting wire section 28. The lower connecting wire section 28 is electrically connected to the guide bar 3. The magnetic fuse can cause two input circuits and one output circuit to be connected. In this way, an electrical connection between a corresponding input circuit and the output circuit is interrupted when a fault current occurs in the operating circuit, thus providing protection.In a specific embodiment of this application, two upper connecting wire sections of the Pyro fuse 200 can be separately connected to a working circuit, so that if a fault current occurs in a working circuit due to a fault in a device in the circuit, the working circuit is disconnected to protect it from further damage caused by the fault current. Furthermore, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art to add connecting wire sections to the upper and lower terminals to adapt to different operating conditions, all of which fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, as in Fig. 2 and Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the pyro-fuse 200 further comprises an internal terminal 9, and the fuse housing 29 comprises an upper housing 5 and a lower housing 6. An upper housing cavity and a lower housing cavity 61 are each formed inside the upper housing 5 and the lower housing 6, respectively. A stepped support surface 8 is formed between the upper housing cavity and the lower housing cavity 61. The internal terminal 9 is supported on the stepped support surface 8. One end of a conductive connecting element is connected to the upper terminal 1, the other end of the conductive connecting element is connected to the internal terminal 9, and the connection fitting 31 comprises an internal terminal 9 and the lower terminal 2. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, when the guide bar 3 is in the first position, the internal terminal 9 and the guide bar 3 are connected via the separable connection structure 32, and the lower terminal 2 and the guide bar 3 are also connected via the separable connection structure 32. When a low-power fault current occurs, the action unit 30 is activated upon receiving the excitation signal, allowing the separable connection structure 32 to be disconnected and the guide bar 3 to move downwards until the electrical connection between the internal terminal 9 and the guide bar 3 is broken, thus achieving active protection.It should be noted that in a preferred embodiment, the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9 are connected via the separable connection structure 32, and the guide rod 3 and the lower terminal 2 are connected via the separable connection structure 32, so that the connections between the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9 and between the guide rod 3 and the lower terminal 2 are more stable, and an air gap between the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9 or the lower terminal 2 is reduced when the guide rod 3 moves downwards under the drive of the action unit 30 in order to reduce the generation of an arc.For a person skilled in the art, the guide rod 3 can be connected to a variety of connection fittings 31 via the separable connection structure 32. For example, a flange structure can be arranged in the fuse housing 29, and the flange structure is connected to the guide rod 3 via the separable connection structure 32, so that the guide rod 3 is secured in the first position. Provided that, under normal operating conditions, the guide rod 3 can be secured in the first position via the separable connection structure 32, the guide rod 3 is electrically connected to the upper and lower terminals in conjunction with the conductive connecting element, and the connection between the connection fitting 31 and the guide rod 3 can be relatively easily disconnected under the actuation of the action unit 30. This is obvious to a person skilled in the art and falls within the scope of protection of this application.Details will not be described again here.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, as in Fig. 2 and Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the action unit 30 of the pyro-fuse 200 provided in this application comprises an ignition device 10, an ignition tube base 11, and an air duct 12. A gas cavity 13 is formed inside the air duct 12. One end of the air duct 12 is supported at the internal terminal 9, and the other end of the air duct 12 is connected to the ignition tube base 11. The ignition device 10 is arranged on the ignition tube base 11. A detonation section 14 of the ignition device 10 extends into one end of the gas cavity 13, and a connecting section 15 of the guide rod 3 extends into the other end of the gas cavity 13.When a low-power fault signal occurs, the ignition device 10 receives the excitation signal from the excitation signal source, causing passivated gunpowder to detonate in the detonation section 14 of the ignition device 10, furthermore generating high-pressure gas in the gas chamber 13 of the air duct 12, and the high-pressure gas exerting a downward force on an upper end face of the connecting section 15 of the guide rod 3 and separating the separable connecting structure 32 between the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9 and between the guide rod 3 and the lower terminal 2, thereby moving the guide rod 3 downwards along a guide rod cavity 16 of the lower terminal 2.During the downward movement of the guide rod 3, a connection between the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9 is broken, so that an electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2 is interrupted in a rapid response to the excitation signal when a low-power fault current occurs, thus interrupting the current in the circuit to protect a power line or device. When a low-power fault current occurs, the Pyro fuse 200 can quickly disconnect a faulty circuit after receiving the excitation signal, and the Pyro fuse 200 generates less heat under normal operating conditions.It should be noted that the action unit 30 in this application has various embodiments and can be replaced by another embodiment driven by an electromagnetic force or a hydroelectric effect, provided that, after the reaction, the guide rod 3 overcomes an interference fit force and is moved downwards until the circuit is interrupted. This is obvious to a person skilled in the art and falls within the scope of protection of this application. Further details are not discussed here.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, the guide bar cavity 16 is formed within one end of the lower terminal 2, a flange support section 23 is formed within the lower terminal 2, and a guide section 17 of the guide bar 3 extends into the guide bar cavity 16. When the guide bar 3 moves into the second position under the influence of high-pressure gas thrust and gravity, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the flange support section 23 can support the guide rod 3, thus stopping its further movement. In this way, a connection between conductors is relatively stable during the process in which the guide rod 3 moves downwards into the second position, thereby reducing ignition and arcing between the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9, as well as between the guide rod 3 and the lower terminal 2, to further improve the safety and reliability of the Pyro fuse 200.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, the air duct 12 comprises a seamless steel sleeve 24 and an insulating tube 25. The insulating tube 25 is applied to an outer surface of the seamless steel sleeve 24, such that the seamless steel tube 24 is separately and insulatedly connected to the upper terminal 1 and the internal terminal 9. The connecting piece 31 further comprises an insulating tube 25, and the insulating tube 25 and the guide rod 3 are connected via the separable connecting structure 32 to ensure the sealing performance of the air duct 12, allowing the guide rod 3 to be more easily displaced by the high-pressure gas generated during the detonation of the ignition device 10.Furthermore, the stability between the conductors is further increased to better prevent ignition and arcing between the conductors, and the insulating tube 25 prevents direct electrical connections between the seamless steel tube and the upper terminal 1, as well as between the seamless steel tube and the guide bar 3. When a high-power fault current occurs, the conductive fusible link 4 melts, thus breaking the electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the internal terminal 9, and the insulating tube 25 prevents direct electrical connections between the seamless steel sleeve 24 and the upper terminal 1, as well as between the seamless steel sleeve 24 and the guide bar 3, thereby breaking the electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the separable connection structure 32 is a press-fit connection structure or a snap-fit ​​connection structure. However, for a person skilled in the art, various embodiments of the separable connection structure 32 are possible in this application, provided that the separable connection structure 32 can be connected to the guide bar 3 and the connecting piece 31 before the action unit 30 is triggered, and that the separable connection structure 32 can be separated relatively easily after the action unit 30 has been triggered. This falls within the scope of protection of this application. Details are not described again here.In a preferred embodiment, the upper housing 5 and the lower housing 6 are connected by a locking ring 7, the lower terminal 2 is connected to the lower housing 6 by a screw, the fuse housing 29 further comprises an end cap 18 and a sealing cover 19, and the upper housing 5 is separately connected to the end cap 18, the sealing cover 19, and the ignition tube base 11 by a screw. Several removable connection structures facilitate the replacement of a defective ignition device 10, a defective guide rod 3, and a defective arc quenching medium 20 of the pyro-fuse 200.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the fuse housing 29 is filled with an arc-quenching medium 20, and a spike structure 21 is formed in the connection section 15 for arc guidance. When a strong fault current occurs, the arc-quenching medium 20 filled in the upper housing can extinguish an arc that arises when the fuse section of the fuse piece 41 separates. When a weak fault current occurs, the detonator 10 detonates and pushes the guide rod 3 downwards.When the Pyro fuse 200 is used in a high-voltage circuit, an arc can occur if there is an air gap between the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9, whereby the spike structure 21 can concentrate the resulting arc into the lower housing cavity 61, and the arc-quenching medium 20 in the lower housing cavity 61 is used to extinguish the arc, thereby improving the arc-quenching capability of the Pyro fuse 200 and further improving safety when using the Pyro fuse 200 in the high-voltage circuit.

[0037] The spike structure 21 can improve the performance of the pyroelectric fuse 200 during arc quenching, but the spike structure 21 mechanically reduces the driving force of the high-pressure gas. In another preferred embodiment, an insulating cone 22, whose upper surface is a plane, is mounted on the upper end face of the connecting section 15. The insulating cone 22 is able to interact with an inner surface of the air duct 12 to insulate the guide rod 3 and the high-pressure gas generated by the ignition device 10. When a weak fault current occurs, the ignition device 10 detonates and presses the insulating cone 22 against the connecting section 15 of the guide rod 3, the upper end face of which is a plane. Compared to directly pressing the spike structure 21 formed on the connecting section 15, a greater driving force can be generated under the pressure of the high-pressure gas.Furthermore, the guide rod 3 and the high-pressure gas containing high-energy plasma, which is generated during the detonation of the ignition device 10, are blocked by the insulating cone 22. This prevents a coupling effect between the high-pressure gas containing the high-energy plasma and the arc generated by the guide rod, thus reducing the difficulty of arc quenching in the pyro-fuse 200. The insulating cone 22 also protects the tip of the spike structure 21 from damage by the high-pressure gas, making the arc quenching function of the pyro-fuse 200 more reliable. Based on the pyro-fuse 200 mentioned in the preceding technical solution of this application, this application provides an energy system.A circuit of the power plant is connected to the Pyro-Fuse 200 described in this application, so that the circuit can be quickly disconnected if a fault current occurs in the circuit, in order to improve the safety of the power plant in the event of a circuit fault.

[0038] Based on the Pyro-Fuse 200 mentioned in the preceding technical solution of this application, this application provides a vehicle. A circuit of the vehicle is connected to the Pyro-Fuse 200 described in this application, so that the circuit can be quickly disconnected if a fault current occurs in the circuit, in order to improve the safety of the vehicle in the event of a circuit fault.

[0039] This application implements a preferred embodiment of a Pyro-fuse 200, as described in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 to Fig. Figure 4 shows that an upper end of the pyro-fuse 200 is connected to an upper terminal 1, and a lower end of the pyro-fuse 200 is connected to a lower terminal 2. The upper terminal 1 comprises a first upper connecting wire section 26 and a second upper connecting wire section 27. The lower terminal 2 comprises a lower connecting wire section 28. A guide bar cavity 16 is formed at the lower terminal 2. A flange support section 23 is formed within the lower terminal 2. The fuse housing 29 of the pyro-fuse 200 is hollow and comprises an upper housing 5 and a lower housing 6. The upper housing 5 and the lower housing 6 are connected by a locking ring 7. A stepped support surface 8 is formed between the upper housing 5 and the lower housing 6, and an inner terminal 9 is supported on the stepped support surface 8.The pyro-fuse 200 further comprises an action device 30, a conductive melting device 4, and a guide rod 3. A spike structure 21 is formed on the connecting section 15 of the guide rod 3, an insulating cone 22 is mounted on an upper end face of the guide rod 3, the conductive melting device 4 is arranged around the action device 30, and one end of the conductive melting device 4 is supported on the internal terminal 9, and the other end of the conductive melting device 4 is connected to the upper terminal 1. The guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9 are press-fitted. A guide section 17 of the guide rod 3 extends into the guide rod cavity 16 of the lower terminal 2. The guide rod 3 and the lower terminal 2 are press-fitted. The action device 30 comprises an ignition device 10, an ignition tube base 11, and an air duct 12.The air duct 12 comprises a seamless steel sleeve 24 and an insulating tube 25. The insulating tube 25 is mounted on the outer surface of the seamless steel sleeve 24. A gas cavity 13 is formed inside the air duct 12. One end of the air duct 12 is supported by the internal terminal 9, and the other end of the air duct 12 is connected to the ignition tube base 11. The ignition device 10 is mounted on the ignition tube base 11. A detonation section 14 of the ignition device 10 extends into one end of the gas cavity 13, and the connecting section 15 of the guide rod 3 extends into the other end of the gas cavity 13. The upper housing 5 and the lower housing 6 are connected to each other via the locking ring 7. The lower terminal 2 and the lower housing 6 are connected to each other via a screw. The fuse housing 29 also includes an end cap 18 and a sealing cover 19.The upper housing 5 is separately connected to the end cap 18, the sealing cover 19, and the ignition tube base 11 via a screw. The upper housing cavity and the lower housing cavity 61 are filled with an arc-quenching medium 20. When the pyro-fuse 200 is functioning normally, the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2 serve as the input and output ends of the pyro-fuse 200, respectively, to provide access to and protect the two working circuits. The ignition device 10 is connected to an external excitation signal source. A current flows into the upper terminal 1 via the first upper connecting wire section 26 and the upper connecting wire section 27, passes successively through the conductive fuse 4, the internal terminal 9, and the guide rod 3, and exits the lower connecting wire section 28 of the lower terminal 2.In this way, the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2 are electrically connected. Furthermore, the active and passive disconnect sections of the pyro-fuse 200 are not shared. Therefore, the conductive melting device 4 does not require a weak disconnect structure, thus reducing the heat generated by the conductive melting device during normal operation. When a strong fault current occurs, the conductive melting device 4 melts rapidly to break any electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the internal terminal 9, and the insulating tube 25 prevents a direct electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the internal terminal 9.In this way, an electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2 is interrupted, allowing the pyro-fuse 200 to disconnect a faulty circuit. Additionally, an arc-quenching medium 20 in the upper housing cavity can extinguish an arc that occurs when the pyro-fuse 200 operates in a high-voltage environment and melts the conductive melting device 4. When the pyro-fuse 200 receives a low-power fault signal, the conductive melting device 4 melts relatively slowly.In this case, the external excitation signal source emits an excitation signal, and the ignition device 10 receives the excitation signal, causing passivated gunpowder to detonate in the detonation section 14 of the ignition device 10, furthermore generating high-pressure gas in the gas chamber 13 of the air duct 12, and the high-pressure gas exerting a downward force on the insulating cone 22, which is connected to the upper end face of the guide rod 3, and overcoming the contact forces between the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9 and between the guide rod 3 and the lower terminal 2, thereby moving the guide rod 3 downwards along the guide rod cavity 16 of the lower terminal 2.During the downward movement of the guide rod 3, a connection between the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9 is interrupted, thus breaking an electrical connection between the upper terminal 1 and the lower terminal 2, and the pyro-fuse 200 interrupts a faulty circuit. As in . Fig.As shown in Figure 3, the guide rod 3 moves downwards under the influence of the pressure of the high-pressure gas and gravity, and is finally supported on the flange support section 23, which is formed within the lower terminal 2. Under high-voltage conditions, the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9, the insulating tube 25 and the guide rod 3, and the guide rod 3 and the lower terminal 2 are each connected by an interference fit, allowing the guide rod 3 to move downwards more stably. Air gaps between the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9, as well as between the guide rod 3 and the lower terminal 2, are reduced, thereby decreasing the generation of an arc and improving the safety of the pyro-fuse 200 in high-voltage operating conditions.The spike structure 21 is formed at the connection section of the guide rod 3, and the spike structure 21 can direct an arc, which occurs when the guide rod 3 and the internal terminal 9 are separated, into the lower housing cavity 61, where the arc is extinguished by the arc-quenching medium 20 in the lower housing cavity 61, thus further improving the arc-quenching capability and the safety performance of the pyro-fuse 200. Furthermore, the insulating cone 22 can protect the tip of the spike structure 21 from damage caused by the high-pressure gas, thereby improving the reliability of the arc-quenching function of the pyro-fuse 200.Furthermore, the insulating cone 22 can block the high-pressure gas and the guide rod 3 to prevent an increase in arc quenching difficulty due to the coupling between the high-energy plasma in the high-pressure gas and the arc generated by the guide rod 3, thus further improving the safety performance of the pyro-fuse 200. The conductive melting device 4 is formed by connecting several flexible fuse pieces 41 in parallel, and bridging is achieved by the parallel-connected fuse pieces 41, enabling the pyro-fuse 200 to handle a high-current scenario. The pyro-fuse 200 uses a removable connection structure, so that a corresponding defective component can be replaced after the pyro-fuse 200 melts or detonates, thereby reducing costs.

[0040] The preceding descriptions indicate that the advantages of this application are as follows. First, the movement of the guide rod is less affected by the arc-quenching medium, allowing for rapid disconnection of an active protection system. This eliminates the need to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​a disconnection section to increase the disconnection speed, resulting in low heat generation and minimal electrical energy loss during normal operation. Second, active and passive protection are combined. In the case of a high fault current, the passive protection system responds first, while in the case of a low fault current, the active protection system responds first.Third, the disconnecting components for active and passive protection are separate, allowing for quick disconnection of the active and passive protection systems and reducing the heat generated by the Pyro-Fuse 200 during normal operation, thus minimizing energy loss. Fourth, the structure is simple, space-efficient, meets miniaturization and low-weight requirements, and is convenient to install and use. Fifth, a removable structure facilitates the replacement of damaged parts, saving costs. Sixth, it can handle high-voltage, high-current operating conditions. Seventh, the spike structure, insulating cone, and arc-quenching medium enhance the performance of the Pyro-Fuse 200 under high-voltage conditions.

[0041] Preferred embodiments of this application are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to specific details of the preceding embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this application, several simple variations of the technical solutions of this application may be made. These simple variations fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] Furthermore, it should be noted that the specific technical features described in the preceding specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable way, provided there are no conflicts. To avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described in this application.

[0043] Furthermore, different embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily, provided that the embodiments do not violate the idea of ​​this application, which is also to be regarded as part of the content of this application. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] CN 202311035514.6

[0001]

Claims

[1] Pyro fuse (200) comprising a hollow fuse housing (29) connected to an upper terminal (1) and a lower terminal (2), a guide rod (3), an action unit (30) and a terminal adapter (31) mounted inside the fuse housing (29), wherein the guide rod (3) and the terminal adapter (31) are connected by a separable connection structure (32) and are arranged in a first position, and then, when the guide rod (3) is in the first position, the upper terminal (1) and the lower terminal (2) are electrically connected via the guide rod (3) and the action unit (30) is capable of separating the separable connection structure (32) so that the guide rod (3) moves from the first position to a second position to break an electrical connection between the upper terminal (1) and the lower terminal (2). [2] Pyro-fuse (200) according to claim 1, wherein the separable connection structure (32) is a press-fit connection structure or a snap-fit ​​structure. [3] Pyro fuse (200) according to claim 1, further comprising a conductive melting device (4), wherein, when the guide rod (3) is in the first position, the upper terminal (1) and the lower terminal (2) are electrically connected to the guide rod (3) via the conductive melting device (4), the conductive melting device (4) is capable of interrupting the electrical connection between the upper terminal (1) and the lower terminal (2), the conductive melting device (4) comprises at least one fuse element (41), fuse elements (41) are connected in parallel, the fuse element (41) has at least one series of fuse sections, and the fuse element (41) is arranged around the action unit (30). [4] Pyro fuse (200) according to claim 3, wherein the upper terminal (1) comprises a first upper connecting wire section (26) and a second upper connecting wire section (27), the conductive melting device (4) comprises at least two fuse pieces (41), the first upper connecting wire section (26) is electrically connected to one part of the fuse pieces (41), the second upper connecting wire section (27) is electrically connected to the other part of the fuse pieces (41), the lower terminal (2) comprises a lower connecting wire section (28), and the lower connecting wire section (28) is electrically connected to the guide rod (3). [5] Pyro fuse (200) according to claim 4, further comprising an internal terminal (9), wherein the fuse housing (29) comprises an upper housing (5) and a lower housing (6), an upper housing cavity (51) and a lower housing cavity (61) are each formed within the upper housing (5) and the lower housing (6), a stepped support surface (8) is formed between the upper housing cavity (51) and the lower housing cavity (61), the internal terminal (9) is supported on the stepped support surface (8), one end of the conductive melting device (4) is connected to the upper terminal (1), the other end of the conductive melting device (4) is connected to the internal terminal (9), the connection fitting (31) comprises the internal terminal (9) and the lower terminal (2), then, when the guide bar (3) is in the first position,the internal terminal (9) and the guide rod (3) are connected by the separable connection structure (32), and the lower terminal (2) and the guide rod (3) are connected by the separable connection structure (32), and then, when the guide rod (3) is in the second position, the internal terminal (9) is separated from the guide rod (3). [6] Pyro-fuse (200) according to claim 5, wherein the action unit (30) comprises an ignition device (10), an ignition tube base (11) and an air duct (12), a gas cavity (13) is formed within the air duct (12), one end of the air duct (12) is supported on the internal connection terminal (9), the other end of the air duct (12) is connected to the ignition tube base (11), the ignition device (10) is arranged on the ignition tube base (11), a detonation section (14) of the ignition device (10) extends into one end of the gas cavity (13), a connecting section (15) of the guide rod (3) extends into the other end of the gas cavity (13), and the ignition device (10) is capable of generating high-pressure gas after detonation, such that the separable connecting structure (32) is separated and the guide rod (3) is moved from the first position towards the second position. [7] Pyro-fuse (200) according to claim 6, wherein a guide bar cavity (16) is formed within one end of the lower terminal (2), a flange support section (23) is formed within the lower terminal (2), a guide section (17) of the guide bar (3) extends into the guide bar cavity (16) so that the guide bar (3) moves from the first position along the guide bar cavity (16) to the second position, and then, when the guide bar (3) is in the second position, the guide bar (3) is supported on the flange support section (23) and the guide bar (3) is separated from the internal terminal (9). [8] Pyro-fuse (200) according to claim 6, wherein the air duct (12) comprises a seamless steel sleeve (24) and an insulating tube (25), wherein the insulating tube (25) is applied to an outside of the seamless steel sleeve (24) such that the seamless steel tube (24) is separately connected to the upper terminal (1) and the internal terminal (9) in an insulated manner, the terminal fitting further comprises an insulating tube (25), and the insulating tube (25) and the guide rod (3) are connected by the separable connection structure. [9] Pyro-fuse (200) according to claim 6, wherein the upper housing (5) and the lower housing (6) are connected by a locking ring (7), the lower terminal (2) and the lower housing (6) are connected by a screw, the fuse housing (29) further comprises an end cap (18) and a sealing cover (19) and the upper housing (5) is separately connected to the end cap (18), the sealing cover (19) and the ignition tube base (11) by a screw. [10] Pyro-fuse (200) according to claim 6, wherein the fuse housing (29) is filled with an arc quenching medium (20) and a spike structure (21) is formed for guiding the arc at the connecting section (15). [11] Pyro-fuse (200) according to claim 10, wherein an insulating cone (22) of whose upper surface is a plane is mounted on an upper end surface of the connecting section (15) of the guide rod (3), wherein the insulating cone (22) is able to interact with an inner surface of the air duct (12) to insulate the high-pressure gas generated by the ignition device (10). [12] Energy system comprising the pyro-fuse (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 11. [13] Vehicle comprising the pyrotechnic safety device (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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