Ventilation system for building interiors

Abstract

Ventilation device for interior spaces (1) of buildings, comprising a ventilation device (2) which supplies fresh air from the building environment (15) into the interior spaces (1), an exhaust air device (3) which removes the used air from the interior spaces (1), wherein both devices (2, 3) have one or more air distribution channels (5) for supplying fresh air (18) and discharging exhaust air (19) and are routed via a heat exchanger (4) to save heating energy, characterized in that the exhaust air device (3) is designed as a floor intake device (6) for extracting used air and CO2 gas in the floor area (12) of an interior space (1) and the ventilation device (2) is designed for supplying fresh air (18) via the ceiling area of ​​the room ceiling (17) of an interior space (1), wherein the air distribution channels (5) are designed as fresh air channels (8) and exhaust air channels (11),which are used for heat recovery via a heat exchanger (4).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a ventilation device for the interiors of buildings, such as single-family or multi-family houses, public buildings, office or commercial premises or event rooms, which are intended and equipped for the temporary or permanent occupancy of persons, a method for its operation and for saving heating energy to improve room hygiene.

[0002] Ventilation systems are air handling units and serve to supply the interior spaces of a building with fresh air and to remove the exhaust air, which is particularly consumed by human breathing and contains CO2 and water vapor, in order to create and maintain a healthy indoor climate.

[0003] Common ventilation systems or ventilation equipment usually have separate air ducts for the supply and exhaust air at different temperatures for the ventilation of interior spaces, as well as heat recovery for heat transfer and saving heating energy.

[0004] Decentralized systems for individual rooms are often built in a single-piece design and integrated into the masonry of a building, usually combining all essential operating components, as well as the respective air ducts, in one housing.

[0005] In conventional ventilation systems, the separate air ducts extend, preferably along walls, ceilings, and floors, into the room volume to be ventilated. The most common method, supplying fresh air and extracting stale air, takes place within the ceiling structure. In newer systems, fresh air is introduced into the interior via suitable floor outlets, while exhaust air is drawn in through the ceiling.

[0006] The indoor climate and the well-being of people in building interiors depend significantly on the air quality. Air quality is primarily determined by the number of people in the room, their duration of stay and activities, as well as the room size in relation to its floor area. Recent findings from indoor air measurements indicate that room size (room height) does not have such a significant impact on CO2 distribution.

[0007] As numerous studies have shown, the increase in CO2 levels above certain limits in indoor air plays a special role in the well-being of people and the perceived indoor climate.

[0008] Humans (and other living beings) themselves, with their various emissions such as water vapor, odors, gases and especially the CO2 increase caused by respiration, are a major cause of changes in indoor air quality.

[0009] Further factors arising from human use (skin flakes, food particles, germs, dust, and airborne and adhering particles from outside), as well as the building environment of the ventilated spaces, are exacerbated by external fine dust pollution in unfavorable residential locations near traffic and should be considered in the ventilation system. In addition, there are emissions from furniture, textiles, cleaning agents, building materials, etc.

[0010] In general, however, the CO2 content in the breathing air is considered an essential parameter for assessing indoor air quality and therefore plays a crucial role in adjusting the air volume flow of ventilation systems.

[0011] Therefore, numerous well-known ventilation systems and ventilation technology use the CO2 level in indoor spaces as a setting parameter for creating and maintaining a comfortable indoor climate for humans.

[0012] A suitable measure for this is the air exchange rate, which is mainly controllable by the system technology, for a specific room or building volume.

[0013] The air exchange rate indicates the multiple of the room volume that must be supplied to the room in the form of fresh air and removed as exhaust air, and is determined primarily by the CO2 content generated by the number of people in the interior spaces.

[0014] Accordingly, the air exchange rate depends on the change in air quality over time and must be adjusted accordingly by the ventilation system.

[0015] With a normal atmospheric CO2 concentration of 350 ppm in the vicinity of buildings, average CO2 concentrations of approximately 400–700 ppm (730–1280 mg / m³) were found in residential buildings. 3 ) found, which can vary greatly throughout the day (Keskinen et al. 1987).

[0016] Since room temperature, in addition to air quality, is an important parameter for a comfortable indoor climate, its generation and maintenance by heating, air conditioning, and ventilation systems is also of particular importance. Furthermore, for energy efficiency reasons, it is desirable to keep heating energy costs as low as possible and to minimize heat loss, for example, through the building envelope and its openings.

[0017] Modern building envelopes are therefore often equipped with good thermal insulation and constructed in an energy-saving and airtight manner.

[0018] Therefore, the natural gas exchange between the interior spaces and the fresh air of the building environment is reduced to a minimum, which in turn leads to an increase in the CO2 content due to people and contradicts a good indoor climate.

[0019] A regular supply of fresh air to indoor spaces is therefore essential.

[0020] However, the usual manual opening of windows as necessary room ventilation leads to uncontrolled heat losses and a significant increase in heating energy consumption.

[0021] In contrast, modern ventilation systems with heat recovery offer the advantage that the heat contained in the exhaust air is transferred to the fresh air supply via heat exchangers.

[0022] This type of heat recovery is widely used and allows such ventilation systems with low heat losses to transfer the exhaust air heat to the cooler fresh air and use it for room temperature control and heating cost savings.

[0023] In general, ventilation systems can be designed as a central ventilation system for the ventilation of several interior rooms in a building or as decentralized ventilation systems for individual interior rooms.

[0024] Depending on the building size and intended use, various types and designs of ventilation systems are known and described in the technical literature.

[0025] Decentralized ventilation systems, primarily installed room by room, are also suitable for retrofitting in the interiors of old buildings.

[0026] Many well-known ventilation systems contain comparable assemblies and system components, such as fresh air and exhaust air routing in separate air ducts through a heat exchanger or fans to generate the respective air volume flow.

[0027] Filter units, ventilation flaps and ventilation grilles are frequently used to protect the system components against contamination such as dust and vermin.

[0028] The control and adjustment of such ventilation systems is usually carried out by a central control unit with a user interface, which, depending on the design, is equipped with additional gas, humidity and / or temperature sensors to record the relevant parameters.

[0029] The determined gas parameters can be incorporated into the control of automatic operation or provide additional setting instructions for operation by the user.

[0030] Ventilation systems of all types are subject to constant further development.

[0031] The aim of these further developments is usually to improve and stabilize the quality of the air being breathed and to achieve a quiet and energy-saving mode of operation.

[0032] German patent DE102016105305A1 discloses a one-piece, wall-mounted interior ventilation system which has an internal supply air duct for bringing in fresh air and an internal exhaust air duct for discharging exhaust air to the outside environment. The aim of this invention is, among other things, the rapid reduction of fine dust and a low airflow rate for ventilating interior spaces.

[0033] The proposed arrangement includes a mixing chamber with an air purification element, connected to the supply air duct and a recirculation duct. The recirculation duct, in turn, connects to the interior space and uses a recirculation fan to direct the contaminated room air into the mixing chamber for filtration.

[0034] Fresh air and recirculated air are mixed in the mixing chamber, with the recirculated air proportion being adjustable. An air quality sensor is provided to monitor air quality. A pressure sensor is also provided, which maintains a slight overpressure in the interior to prevent contaminated air from entering through window gaps. Fresh air ducts or exhaust air ducts extending into the interior volume for air exchange are not described.

[0035] Even though this well-known indoor ventilation system effectively filters fine dust particles, this is likely to only marginally improve air quality, as the increase in CO2 concentration is not taken into account. No information is provided regarding a reduction in the air exchange rate and thus an improved heat balance.

[0036] German patent DE10 2011002734B4 also describes a one-piece ventilation device for installation in a building envelope (masonry, wall box), designed for air exchange between the building's exterior and interior. This ventilation device comprises, within a single housing, a heat exchanger for heat transfer between the two airflows, as well as measuring devices for the humidity and CO2 concentration of the interior. Humidity and CO2 concentration are recorded as parameters and serve as additional control variables for the user-adjusted air exchange rate. The air exchange is regulated by an adjustable comfort parameter, which incorporates the user-adjustable deviation limits for relative humidity and CO2 concentration, and these limits are used as control variables.In addition, outside humidity, the heating season, and the day / night cycle are to be incorporated as parameters into the control of the ventilation system. Despite the numerous control variables to be considered, the invention aims for ease of use and increased efficiency. Air ducts into the interior volume are not included.

[0037] Another feature is a direct ventilation mode that bypasses the heat exchanger, directing the fresh air flow directly into the interior. However, this ventilation system is likely to result in undesirably large heat losses, particularly during the colder months.

[0038] Furthermore, for many heating systems in residential units, it is generally true that the convective air component is usually quickly directed upwards towards the ceiling.

[0039] When conventional ventilation systems draw air upwards, this further accelerates the loss of air and heat. To compensate for this rapid heat loss for the user, these ventilation systems are either set to a lower speed or the heat flow of the heating system is increased.

[0040] Other well-known ventilation systems also have separate air ducts for fresh air and exhaust air, which are connected to corresponding air outlets in the floors of rooms and intake devices in the ceilings of interior spaces.

[0041] For example, AT508645B1 specifies a residential ventilation system for the central ventilation of residential buildings, in which a main supply air duct branch transitions into two or more room supply air duct branches after a heat exchanger device and transports fresh air to different interior spaces.

[0042] Fresh air is supplied to the interior spaces to be ventilated via ventilation ducts and floor outlets, which are described, for example, in EP2735810B1 or DE19604504A1.

[0043] The object of the present invention is to largely reduce heat losses through a ventilation device and to create and reliably maintain a comfortable indoor atmosphere for people with consistently high air quality.

[0044] The operation of the ventilation system should be clean and energy-efficient.

[0045] This problem is solved by the characterizing features of claims 1 and 8 in conjunction with their preamble.

[0046] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the further dependent claims.

[0047] The ventilation system according to the invention is preferably used for the central ventilation of building interiors or as a decentralized ventilation system for ventilating individual interior rooms of a building and for removing stale air to the building's exterior. In multi-story buildings, central system components, such as the control unit, heat exchangers, filters, and supply and exhaust air fans, are preferably located on an upper floor, since the fresh air there contains less CO2 and the exhaust air can be removed more effectively due to the stronger airflow on pitched roofs.

[0048] According to the invention, the ventilation device has a ventilation device for introducing fresh air from the outside of the building into the ceiling area of ​​one or more interior rooms and discharging it via at least one fresh air outlet, as well as an exhaust air device designed as a floor extraction device for extracting used air and CO2 gas from the floor area of ​​interior rooms.

[0049] The separately routed air ducts are designed as fresh air ducts and exhaust air ducts, the number and routing of which in the interior spaces depend on their geometry, use and the number of people present.

[0050] The floor extraction system according to the invention, which extracts exhaust air with a high CO2 content, utilizes the greater density of CO2 than that of ambient air, resulting in an increased CO2 concentration in the floor area of ​​interior spaces. According to this novel ventilation concept of floor extraction, the CO2 gas concentrated near the floor of interior spaces is extracted significantly faster and more effectively and replaced by fresh air with a low CO2 content via ceiling diffusers in the interior spaces.

[0051] By reducing the CO2 concentration in indoor spaces more effectively, the required air exchange rate to ensure air quality can be significantly reduced according to the invention.

[0052] Previously common heat losses due to the required higher volume flow during air exchange are further reduced by the present invention, regardless of the effectiveness of the built-in heat recovery.

[0053] Since lighter, warm breathing air in indoor spaces tends to accumulate primarily in the ceiling area, while the exhaust air extraction takes place in the floor area, the CO2-laden exhaust air is also significantly cooler than with previously known ceiling-based ventilation systems, which, according to the invention, leads to an additional saving of heating energy.

[0054] Since the ventilation device according to the invention can be installed for both single rooms and several rooms in multi-story houses, the number and course of the exhaust air ducts can be adapted according to the requirements and geometry of the interior space, routed via suitable duct distributors and integrated into the interior floor or into the lower wall area (floor area).

[0055] Corresponding exhaust air intake inserts at the intake ends of the exhaust air ducts are equipped with filter elements to prevent the accumulation of dust in the exhaust air ducts.

[0056] According to the invention, the exhaust air outlet and the fresh air inlet are arranged sufficiently far apart to prevent the exhaust air and fresh air, with their different CO2 concentrations and air components, from mixing. It is proposed that the exhaust air drawn in at floor level of the ventilated interior spaces, particularly when the ventilation system is installed on an upper floor, be discharged via the increased airflow from the roof surface.

[0057] This new, inventive ventilation device and its operating concept employs a completely different method of air distribution compared to the operating concept of known ventilation systems, in which the fresh air supply via the ceiling area in counterflow hinders the warm air of the interior from rising and thus helps the user of a residential unit to save energy while improving indoor air quality.

[0058] The invention further relates to a method for saving heating energy through the operation of the ventilation device according to the invention.

[0059] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to two figures and exemplary embodiments.

[0060] They show: Fig. 1 the arrangement of the ventilation system for an interior space 1, Fig. 2 the arrangement of the ventilation system on the upper floor of a multi-story building.

[0061] The first embodiment refers to the one in Fig. 1. Ventilation device shown for an interior space 1 of a building.

[0062] Central components of the ventilation system according to the invention, such as the fresh air supply unit 2 and the exhaust air supply unit 3, are housed together with the heat exchanger 4 in a control unit 20 housing, preferably for wall mounting. Both the exhaust air ducts 11 integrated according to the invention in the floor area 12, in particular in the floor 16, and the fresh air ducts 8 routed in the ceiling area 17, are routed through the heat exchanger 4, which is designed as a cross-flow heat exchanger, for heat transfer. The term "floor area 12" refers to both the lower wall area and the floor 16. Similarly, the "ceiling area 17" of the interior space 1 refers to the ceiling itself and its upper side wall sections.

[0063] The central exhaust air duct 11, which leads to the heat exchanger 4 in the floor 16, splits into three individual exhaust air ducts 11 leading to the respective exhaust air intake inserts 9. This makes it possible to capture the CO2-laden exhaust air near the floor at various preferred locations in the lower area of ​​the interior and to discharge it via the heat exchanger 4, which is designed as a cross-flow heat exchanger, into a more distant building environment (outside the building).

[0064] The arrangement of the exhaust air ducts 11 is determined according to the size, use and number of people in the interior space 1, by means of one or more exhaust air intake inserts 9.

[0065] According to the invention, a filter cassette is arranged in the housing of the respective exhaust air intake insert 9, which prevents the accumulation of dust or dirt in the exhaust air ducts 11. The exhaust air intake insert 9 in the floor 16 is covered by a panel with numerous air slots.

[0066] The fresh air intake line 10 is connected to a fresh air inlet 13, which protects the fresh air from penetrating contaminants by means of an air filter, in particular a filter cassette, and prevents the ingress of dust into the cross heat exchanger 4.

[0067] The fresh air (supply air) drawn in from the building environment 15 is also filtered, for example by a filter cassette, and positioned sufficiently far away from the exhaust air outlet 14. This spatial separation of the fresh air inlet 13 and the exhaust air outlet 14 prevents the fresh air 18 from mixing with the exhaust air 19 and ensures a low CO2 content in the fresh air.

[0068] The fresh air 18 drawn in by means of a fan in the central unit 20 is preheated via the cross heat exchanger 4 and takes over the heat contained in the exhaust air 19.

[0069] According to the invention, one or more fresh air ducts 8 are led into the ceiling area 17 to the fresh air outlets 7 arranged there. The fresh air outlets 7 are preferably designed as disc valves for the discharge of fresh air.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, at least one fresh air outlet 7 is arranged centrally in the middle of the ceiling area 17, preferably in the ceiling. Since warm room air accumulates particularly in the ceiling area 17, and the cooler fresh air 18 is heavier than the room air located below the ceiling, the sinking of the fresh air 18 through the warm room air 19 results in further warming of the fresh air 18 into the area occupied by people. This further reduces heat loss through ventilation and creates a refreshing, pleasant indoor climate.

[0071] In a further preferred embodiment, all air distribution ducts 5, as well as their fresh air outlet 7 and the exhaust air intake insert 9, are integrated into the ceiling or floor 16 of the interior space 1 and, if necessary, equipped with appropriate air filters and ventilation grilles / baffles, in order to reduce the microbial load in the room air. However, the installation of the air distribution ducts 5, as well as their outlet and intake inserts 7, 9, can also be installed and integrated in the respective lower or upper wall area.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, one or more CO2 sensors are arranged which continuously or at specific intervals measure the CO2 content in one or more interior spaces 1 and transmit the data to the control unit 20 for controlling the ventilation system or providing information to the user.

[0073] Another embodiment relates to the design of the ventilation system for interior spaces 1 in a multi-story building, as shown in Fig. 2. The arrangements and functions of the individual components are similar to those described in Figure 2. Fig. 1.

[0074] In contrast, the central components of the ventilation system of this preferred embodiment, such as the control unit 20 with heat exchanger 4, fans, air filters and parts of the air distribution ducts 5, are located on the upper floor of a building.

[0075] Accordingly, the routing of the air ducts 5 is adapted to the building dimensions and interior geometries.

[0076] Due to the elevated position of the fresh air inlet 13 above the ground, fresh air with a reduced CO2 content is drawn in and released into the ceiling area 17 via a disc valve as a fresh air outlet 7.

[0077] Furthermore, the arrangement on an upper floor allows for the simple routing of the exhaust air duct 11 from the heat exchanger 4 to the exhaust air outlet 14 via the roof and a rapid removal of the CO2-laden exhaust air 19 via the roof surface (not shown) due to the stronger wind currents there.

[0078] The inventive method for operating the ventilation device described above includes, in particular, the extraction of the used exhaust air 19 from the floor area 12 of an interior space 1 and the supply of fresh air 18 via the ceiling area 17 of the ventilated interior space 1. The inventive floor extraction of the exhaust air and the resulting rapid reduction of CO2 in interior spaces 1, in conjunction with the inventive supply of fresh air via the ceiling area 17, enable lower air exchange rates while maintaining at least the same air quality for occupants. The resulting lower air exchange volume flow between the cooler external environment and the warmer internal room air 1 allows for significant savings in heating energy.

[0079] As already described, the fresh air supply should come from a low-CO2 environment (fresh air inlet 13, Fig. 2), and of course sufficiently far away from the exhaust outlet 14.

[0080] According to the invention, the exhaust air is directed via the roof surface into the building environment 15.

[0081] The control of the ventilation system implemented in the control unit 20 is coupled to a control panel and is designed for various operating modes, which can be selected by the user via the control panel or selected by the system in automatic operation.

[0082] The inventive ventilation device can therefore be easily adapted to the use of the interior spaces.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a control operating mode is provided which, for a known number of people, usage, and room size, represents the normal case for this derived basic setting. The parameters for this basic setting of the ventilation system are selected such that the CO2 concentration does not rise above the defined limit.

[0084] In the event of deviations from normal operation, such as excessive use or an increase in the number of people in the indoor spaces 1, the control system switches to a correspondingly different operating mode and increases or decreases, for example, the air exchange rate from the basic setting to maintain air quality. The switch to a different operating mode occurs in particular when the CO2 measuring device(s) connected to the control unit 20, which are also designed as data loggers, deliver CO2 readings to the control unit 20 that deviate from the norm.

[0085] In a further preferred embodiment, the operation of the ventilation device according to the invention is maintained permanently in its basic setting. This prevents the CO2, which originates primarily from the users' breathing air, from combining with the H2O, also originating from the users, to form H2CO3 (carbonic acid). This would occur, however, if the system were only switched on above a certain CO2 threshold and switched off again when this threshold was undershot.

[0086] The carbonic acid that would otherwise form is considered another trigger for mold growth in buildings used for the permanent residence of people.

[0087] Another preferred embodiment of the ventilation device according to the invention relates to complete buildings that serve for the permanent occupancy of people and have humid interior spaces.

[0088] According to the invention, the specified ventilation device can be used for all dry rooms, while the known classic ventilation systems are used for all humid interior rooms, such as kitchens and bathrooms.

[0089] In humid indoor spaces, the proportion of water vapor (H2O) predominates over that of CO2, due to human respiration and the additional household use of water in all its states of matter (showering, cooking, etc.). In these humid indoor spaces, the exhaust air, laden with water vapor and CO2, collects at the highest point of the room under the ceiling, since humid air is lighter than dry air.

[0090] In this further development of the invention, fresh air is supplied, for example, via wall ducts and behind the heating system.

[0091] According to the invention, in complete buildings with humid and dry interior spaces, in addition to the proposed ventilation system, various other ventilation systems of different designs are used.

[0092] A significant advantage of the present invention lies particularly in the possibility of achieving a reduced air exchange rate through the rapid removal of CO2 gas from the ventilated volume of individual rooms and entire buildings by operating the ventilation device according to the invention. This minimizes heat losses due to the required ventilation and contributes to reducing heating costs.

[0093] The inventive method requires a smaller volume of air and therefore a lower air exchange rate for the ventilation process. The achievable air exchange rate is even below the specifications of, for example, the ventilation DIN standard or the recommendations of the German Federal Environment Agency, without any reduction in air quality.

[0094] The required lower volume of fresh air slows down the incoming cooler air via the ceiling, resulting in a longer dwell time to absorb the accumulated heat above the heads of the occupants and reach the occupants' upper air layer.

[0095] By implementing multiple operating modes in the control of the ventilation system to adjust the air exchange rate for effective reduction of the CO2 content, and by using a preferred embodiment of a permanently operated basic setting for a specific CO2 level adapted to the room usage, consistently good air quality is ensured.

[0096] The inventive ventilation system with the new arrangement of the exhaust air routing near the floor, in conjunction with the fresh air preheated via the heat exchanger, and the physical principle that cooler air is heavier than warm air and moves downwards faster while absorbing the heat located under the ceiling, creates a significant, refreshing, and pleasant climate for the occupants.

[0097] This air quality is further improved by the simultaneous accelerated settling of airborne dust, germs, etc. by the slightly cooler fresh air flowing in from above.

[0098] The presented ventilation system can also be retrofitted cost-effectively in old buildings with minimal effort, with the central unit 20 preferably being installed near windows. Reference list for ventilation equipment 1 Interior spaces, ventilation spaces (residential or commercial spaces) 2 Fresh air ventilation system, consisting of 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13 3 Exhaust air device for exhaust air, consisting of 6, 4, 5, 9, 11, 14 4 heat exchangers, heat exchanger unit, cross heat exchanger 5 air ducts, 8, 11 (fresh air, exhaust air) 6. Bottom suction device, bottom inlet 5, 9, 11 7 Fresh air outlet, disc valve, in the ceiling area of ​​1 8 Fresh air duct (supply air pipe), for fresh air 9 Exhaust air intake insert in the floor area 12, possibly filter 10 Fresh air intake pipe with 13 11 Exhaust air duct, exhaust air routing, ventilation 12 Floor area (lower room area, walls of 1, floor 16) 13 Fresh air intake (ventilation grille, air filter) 14 exhaust outlet in 15 15 Building environment, exterior of the building 16 floors of 1 17 Ceiling area of ​​interior space 1, room ceiling and upper side walls 18 Fresh air 19 Exhaust air, room exhaust air from 1 20 control unit, central unit with 4 and parts of 2, 3 QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 102016105305A1

[0032] DE 10 2011002734B4

[0036] AT 508645B1

[0041] EP 2735810B1

[0042] DE 19604504A1

[0042] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] Keskinen et al. 1987

[0015]

Claims

[1] Ventilation system for interior spaces (1) of buildings, comprising a ventilation system (2) which supplies fresh air from the building environment (15) into the interior spaces (1), an exhaust system (3) which removes the used air from the interior spaces (1), wherein both systems (2, 3) have one or more air ducts (5) for supplying fresh air (18) and for removing exhaust air (19) and are guided via a heat exchanger (4) to save heating energy, characterized by, that the exhaust air device (3) is designed as a floor intake device (6) for extracting used air and CO2 gas in the floor area (12) of an interior space (1) and the ventilation device (2) is designed for supplying fresh air (18) via the ceiling area of ​​the room ceiling (17) of an interior space (1), wherein the air distribution channels (5) are designed as fresh air channels (8) and exhaust air channels (11), which are routed via a heat exchanger device (4) for heat recovery. [2] Ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized by , that the floor intake device (6) has one or more exhaust air ducts (11), at the respective intake ends of which one or more exhaust air intake inserts (9) are arranged for the extraction of CO2-laden exhaust air (19), wherein both the exhaust air ducts (11) and the exhaust air intake inserts (9) are arranged in the floor area (12) of the room (1). [3] Ventilation device according to claim 2, characterized bythat the one or more exhaust air ducts (11) and one or more exhaust air intake inserts (9) are fully or partially integrated into the floor (16) or into the side walls of the floor area (12), wherein the exhaust air intake inserts (9) have an air filter to prevent the deposition of dust in the exhaust air duct (11). [4] Ventilation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that They, with their essential components (2, 3, 4, 20) and the respective fresh air inlet (13), the exhaust air outlet (14), as well as their sections of the air distribution ducts (5, 8, 11), are arranged in one of the upper floors of multi-story buildings, wherein the routing of one or more exhaust air ducts (11), starting from the central unit (20), is carried out to efficiently discharge the exhaust air into the building environment (15) to the roof surface and over the roof, wherein the exhaust air outlet (14) is located away from the fresh air inlet (13). [5] Ventilation device according to claim 4, characterized by, that the ventilation device (2) has one or more fresh air ducts (8) each with at least one fresh air outlet (7) for supplying fresh air (18) at the end of their ducts, which are arranged in the ceiling area (17) of the room (1), wherein the fresh air ducts (8) are connected via a heat exchanger (4) to a fresh air intake duct (10) and its fresh air inlet (13) for drawing fresh air (18) from the building environment (15), and wherein the fresh air inlet (13) has an air filter to protect the heat exchanger (4) from dust, and wherein the fresh air inlet (13) is arranged away from the exhaust air outlet (14) in order to draw in fresh air with a low CO2 concentration. [6] Ventilation device according to claim 5, characterized by, that the fresh air ducts (8) and the fresh air outlets (7) are partially or completely integrated into the ceiling area (17), wherein at least one fresh air outlet (7) is arranged centrally in the ceiling area (17) and one or more fresh air outlets (7) are designed as disc valves (7) and the heat exchanger (4) as cross-flow heat exchangers (4) and wherein one or more measuring devices for determining the indoor humidity and CO2 content are provided and connected to the control unit (20). [7] Ventilation device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that one or more interior rooms (1) of a building are equipped with a ventilation device according to claims 1 to 6 and the wet rooms of the building, such as kitchens or bathrooms, are equipped with one or more known conventional ventilation systems.

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