Stackable shopping trolley with a weighing unit

Abstract

Stackable shopping trolley (100) with a weighing unit (140), comprising at least: - a chassis (120) comprising two pairs of supports (121, 122) splayed forwards and backwards, each equipped with a roller (123), which join in pairs at an upper apex (124); - the weighing unit (140) comprising at least one electronic evaluation device and at least two load cells (141, 142); - a shopping item receiving unit (130) mounted on the chassis (120) via the load cells (141, 142) arranged below it, characterized in that a foldable goods shelf (200) is provided at the rear of the shopping trolley, which hangs only on the shopping item receiving unit (130) without touching the chassis (120).

Description

The invention relates to a stackable shopping cart with a weighing unit, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.A shopping cart of conventional design without floor storage is known from DE 20 2009 011 480 U1. The spread-apart supports of the so-called S chassis, at the end of which a respective roller is mounted, do not require a deep floor frame, so that, for example, the risk of people hitting the ankle area is reduced.EP 2 439 125 A2 describes a stackable chassis for such a shopping cart, but does not provide a weighing unit.EP 2 335 998 A2 discloses a foldable goods store for a shopping cart without a floor store. The shaping of the two articulated sub-elements allows simple assembly of the sub-elements respectively previously pretreated with corrosion protection, so that a continuous corrosion protection coating is achieved without aftertreatment. This has a shopping article receiving unit with a basket as the upper part and a floor tray as the lower part. The entire shopping article receiving unit is supported in a floating manner on the floor frame of the chassis via three load cells. This principle cannot be easily transferred to a shopping cart with an S-chassis with spread-apart supports and without floor support, since below the basket there is no frame available on which the weighing cells can be arranged. It is also not possible to supplement such a frame, since otherwise the stacking ability of the shopping cart would no longer be given or at least be limited.A common feature of all known stackable shopping carriages with a weighing unit is that they cannot have a foldable goods store which, in conventional shopping carriages, can be provided as accessories in the rear region in order that customers, despite a lack of floor storage, can carry a beverage crate or another heavy and / or bulky object without having to use the volume of the wire basket for this purpose.The object of the invention is thus to adapt a stackable shopping cart with a weighing unit for a chassis with spread-apart supports, which are not connected via a base frame, a so-called S chassis, such that a foldable merchandise store can also be provided. In the case of a plurality of shopping carriages stacked one inside the other, a small stack dimension is to be maintained.This object is achieved by a shopping cart with a weighing unit having the features of claim 1.The load cells are arranged at the top at an apex on the chassis. There, the supports are brought together which support the rollers, wherein in particular two side parts are brought together with a respective front and a rear support. The basket, in particular wire basket, which forms the most important part of the shopping article receiving unit, is arranged completely above the chassis and is mounted on the chassis via the at least two, in particular three, load cells. In order to enable weight detection even with a foldable merchandise store, the invention provides a foldable merchandise store which is attached in a hanging manner only to the shopping article receiving unit, but without touching the chassis.The part suspended from the shopping article receiving unit thus forms a unit which extends downwards beyond the support plane formed by the weighing cells on the upper side of the chassis. An important advantage of the invention is that no separate weighing unit is required for the product deposit. The storage of the upper shopping article receiving unit on preferably three load cells does not have to be changed. No additional load cells are required either. The second advantage is that, due to the passage of the support plane through parts of the goods store, the latter can be mounted as deeply as usual by conventional shopping carriages, namely only slightly above the region of the rollers. In order to be able to place the product shelf deeply in the vicinity of the chassis but without contact with the chassis, supporting elements are preferably provided on both sides, which extend laterally outwards from the product receiving unit downward, wherein a pivot bearing for the product shelf is formed at the bottom of the supporting elements.The product shelf itself is formed in particular by at least two partial elements which are connected to one another in an articulated manner on a common pivot axis. This pivot axis can change its position during folding in and out. Each of the sub-elements is also mounted on the shopping article receiving unit such that it can move by itself via a further pivot axis, wherein an upper pivot axis is situated further forward in the direction of travel of the chassis than a lower pivot axis, which is preferably mounted in the end points of the support elements.The upper, front pivot axis of the front partial element is preferably arranged directly in the base region of the shopping article receiving unit. The connection of the sub-element for this purpose can be produced in that the front sub-element has at least two hooks spaced apart from one another, and in that a base unit is connected to the base region of the shopping article receiving unit, which base unit has a horizontally oriented wire strap spaced apart from the base region. This forms the pivot axis as soon as the hooks of the front partial element are hooked onto it.The base unit can be supplemented by a fastening of the support elements present on both sides. The support elements extend from the connection to the base element in the base region of the shopping article receiving unit preferably first in a vertical section to below the rear load cells, then in a horizontal section laterally to the height of the rear supports outwards and from there finally obliquely downwards to the pivot bearings. The support elements are thus guided outward at a double angle, so that, on the one hand, the chassis is not touched and, on the other hand, the stacking space between the supports of the chassis remains free.Since many load-bearing parts in shopping carriages are usually formed from steel wire, it is also advantageous in the shopping carriage of the invention to form the load-bearing elements as a double-wire bow at least in an end section which leads to the pivot bearings and runs outside the chassis supports. The wire bow comprises two partial sections running parallel to one another at a distance, which are joined together in an arc at the end pivot bearings. The double-wire bar, which is galvanized in particular, offers high stability, simple workability and good corrosion protection, since large outer surfaces are avoided as are hollow structures in which moisture can collect.In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the end sections of the support elements, as viewed in the plan view of the shopping cart, each extend below the rear supports of the chassis, so that the interior space of the chassis required for stacking remains free between the supports. In this case, they should preferably extend parallel to the rear supports of the chassis so that the pivot bearings arranged at their end are positioned as far as possible at the rear and at the bottom. The horizontal and vertical spacing of the pivot bearings at the lower end of the support elements from the further pivot bearing in the base region of the shopping article receiving unit results in the length and inclination of the surface available for placing beverage boxes and the like. The distance inside between the supporting elements determines the maximum width thereof.Due to the goods store projecting far to the rear from the shopping article receiving unit, a strong moment is obtained with respect to the supports of the shopping article receiving unit on the chassis. Therefore, the load cells must be selected such that at least one load cell is provided in a rear region of the shopping article receiving unit and that a front load cell is fastened to the chassis, which load cell can be loaded under pressure but also under tension.The configuration of the sub-elements can also be carried out according to the invention in principle in the manner known from EP 2 335 998 A2 and has proven successful. The guide tracks, in which the common imaginary pivot axis can travel, are formed in particular on the front partial element to be connected to the shopping article receiving unit. The beets adjacent the guide tracks lie in a plane perpendicular to the two planes passing through the parallel wire brackets on the guide track. Viewed in a plan view, the two books which are arranged at the beginning of the guide track thus form a threading point into the respective guide track. On the other partial element of the beverage crate holder, two parallel L-shaped bracket pieces are provided. These have at their ends so-called stirrup extensions, i.e. short bent-over ends, which preferably point inwardly, i.e. towards one another. With these bent-over ends, the rear partial element of the beverage crate holder is simply positioned from above at the recess formed by the indentations on the front partial element and thereby threaded into the guide tracks. This simple plug connection makes it possible for both parts of the product store to be produced individually at first and to be provided with a corrosion protection coating which can thus be applied without gaps.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings. The figures show in detail: FIG. 1 shows a shopping cart in a perspective view obliquely from behind, FIG. 2 shows a perspective view obliquely from below onto a rear region of the shopping cart; FIGS. 3 to 6 show the shopping cart with different positions of the goods store, each in a lateral sectional view from the right; FIG. 7 is a rear view of the shopping cart; FIGS. 8 to 10 show a stacking process with a plurality of shopping carriages in a side view; FIG. 11A shows a stack with a plurality of shopping carriages in a perspective view obliquely from the front and FIG. 11B is an enlarged fragmentary view of the embodiment of FIG. 11AFIG. 1 shows a perspective view from behind of a shopping cart 100 without a floor support, which comprises a so-called S chassis 120. A shopping article receiving unit 130 is placed on the chassis, which is designed as a wire basket in the exemplary embodiment shown.The shopping cart 100 is designed and provided for the purpose of detecting and checking the weight of the goods inserted into the shopping article receiving unit 130, for which purpose, on the one hand, the customer scans the goods with a hand scanner 146 and, on the other hand, a weighing unit compares the weight of the inserted goods with the standard weight of the scanned article stored in a data memory. The detected articles are displayed on a display 145 and further instructions are given to the customer. The display 145 is part of an evaluation unit to which a plurality of load cells 142 and the hand scanner 146 are connected.The chassis 120 is firmly connected to a handle bracket carrier 110, on the top side of which a cross bar is held as handle bracket 111. The chassis 120 comprises two front supports 121, each of which carries a movably mounted pendulum roller 123, and two rear supports 122, at the end of which a respective pendulum roller 123 is likewise mounted. A front and rear support 121, 122 are joined at an upper apex 124 to which the handle bracket 110 is also attached.In order to be able to carry out the weight detection of the goods, the shopping article receiving unit 130 is completely decoupled from the handle bracket 110 and the chassis 120. In the region of the apex 124, a weighing cell 142 is arranged on the right and on the left in the rear region, which weighing cell extends with its longitudinal axis in the direction of travel of the chassis 120. Not visible in FIG. 1 is another front weighing cell, which is arranged transversely below the base area 131 of the shopping article receiving unit 130. The shopping article receiving unit 130 has a rockingly suspended basket flap 132 at its rear side.In order to avoid damage to the load cells 142 by impacts when stacking a plurality of shopping carriages 100 one inside the other, protective elements are provided on said load cells. On the one hand, the load cells 142 themselves are each accommodated in a protected manner in U-shaped metal profiles. The chassis 120 also has a rear guard 126 which extends at the apex 124 between the rear supports 122 and which absorbs shocks which may arise when another shopping cart is pushed in from behind. At the top of the handle bracket support 110 is another protective bracket 112 which is arranged exactly at the height of a pivot axis of the movably suspended basket flap 132. Finally, in the lower region of the chassis 120, that is to say at the lower end of the front supports 121, a further transverse bracket 125 is inserted, which serves to support the two front supports121 against one another, which beams project significantly further in the longitudinal direction than the rear supports122 and thus to increase the rigidity of the chassis 120.The shopping cart 100 according to the invention also comprises a foldable merchandise tray 200. In order to be able to reliably grasp the weight of beverage boxes and other goods which are placed in the region of the goods store 200, the entire goods store 200 is connected in a suspended manner to the base region 131 of the shopping article receiving unit 130. The merchandise tray 200 does not contact the chassis 120 or the handle support 110 either in the unfolded state shown in FIG. 1 or in the folded state.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the merchandise tray 200, which consists of a front sub-element 240 and a rear sub-element 250 movably connected thereto, is suspended from an upper pivot axis, which is situated at the front in the direction of travel and is situated directly below the base region 131 of the shopping article receiving unit 130.In addition, a further, lower pivot axis 231 is formed via two pivot bearings 230, which is decoupled from the chassis 120. For this purpose, support elements 220 are provided on both sides, of which only one end section, which is designed as a double-wire bow and on the lower end of which a pivot bearing 230 is arranged, is visible in FIG. 1. The two partial elements 240, 250 are connected to one another in that a guide is formed between them, along which a common pivot axis 251 can travel. In the unfolded state, portions of the front sub-element 240 which extend straight forward lie on the front portions of the rear sub-element 250 which are provided with an arcuate bay 256 and form a stable support with one another. The indentations 256 also serve during assembly to pass through bracket extensions 252 on the other partial element 250.FIG. 2 shows a perspective view obliquely from below onto the rear region of the shopping cart 100 with the foldable merchandise store 200. It can be seen here that a base unit 210, which is made of a wire strap, is directly connected to the base region 131 of the shopping article receiving unit 130. The base unit 210 has a pivot axis 211 formed by a wire portion extending horizontally and spaced from the bottom portion 131. Hooks 241 on the front side of the front sub-element 240 are hooked into the pivot axis 211 formed in this way.Furthermore, the configuration of the lateral support elements 220 can be clearly seen in FIG. 2. The support elements 220 here comprise three essential sections, namely a vertical section 222 which extends downwards from the base region 131 to the level of contact so far that a horizontal section 223 adjoining it at right angles extends below the load cells 142. A further section is joined by a further right-angled bend, which is formed by parallel-guided part sections 224, 225, both of which extend parallel to the rear support 122 and are joined at their respective end in an arc. In the area of the junction, the pivot bearing 230 is formed. The two mutually opposite pivot bearings 230 of the two supporting elements together form the pivot axis 231 for the rear, lower partial element 250.Formed on the front partial element 240 are wire loops 243, which are oriented on edge and run parallel to one another. In each of them, a guide track 242 is formed. Bracket extensions 252 of the rear partial element 252 engage on both sides in the guide track 242 and form the common pivot axis 251 of the two partial elements 240, 250. As indicated by the block arrow, the pivot axis 251 can travel along the guide track 242.On the rear partial element 250 in the rear region, bent-up portions 254 are formed which prevent a beverage crate from sliding off the inclined attachment plane of the product store 200. Between the bent-up portions 254 and the lateral outer portions which lead to the respective pivot bearings, a respective sliding rod portion 255 is formed, the function of which will be explained in more detail below.FIGS. 3 to 6 each show the shopping trolley 100 in a lateral view from the right with different positions of the goods store, wherein the respective position of the three pivot axes 211, 231, 251 can also be seen.The weighing cells 141, 142 and the display 145 with an integrated evaluation device form the basic configuration of an electronic weighing unit 140.In FIG. 3, the product store 200 is folded in. The pivot axis 251 has its deepest possible position. The guide track 242 of the front sub-element 240 faces downward and forms a V-shaped configuration with the parts of the rear sub-element 250 serving as a support in the side view.To unfold the product deposit 200, the rear partial element 250 is gripped, for example, at one of the bent-up portions 254. If the user then exerts a pulling force to the rear, the next stage of the movement of the article store 200 is obtained, which is shown in FIG. 4. The rear end of the sub-member 250 is located approximately above the rear roller 123. The common pivot axis 251 is located between the support elements 220.In FIG. 5, the product store 200 is fully unfolded, so that parts of the two partial elements 240, 250 form a common support surface on their upper side. The common pivot axis 251 has moved forward in the guide track 242.In FIG. 6, the same situation of the shopping cart and the goods store 200 is shown as in FIG. 4, but a beverage crate 2 is placed on the goods store 200. Due to the mass of the beverage crate 2, a torque is exerted on the shopping article receiving unit 130 via the partial elements 240, 250, the upper pivot axis 211 and the lower pivot axis 231. Insofar as this is not accidentally compensated by sufficiently heavy goods which are located in the very front section of the articles receiving unit 130, compressive forces are exerted on the rear supports of the articles receiving unit 130 on the chassis 120 formed by the rear load cells 142. At the same time, the front load cell 141 arranged at the very front at the apex of the chassis 120 is loaded under tension. A reverse moment load is also possible at any time if heavy goods are located in the front region of the shopping article receiving unit 130 and the goods store 200 is unused or is only fitted with an empty box for handing. However, the load cells 141, 142 must also be suitable at least for the load type shown in FIG. 5.In FIG. 7, the shopping cart 100 is shown from the rear side. In the upper region, it is designed like conventional stackable shopping carriages with an S chassis, that is to say the shopping article receiving unit 130 runs narrow toward the front, so that a shopping carriage can be inserted from the rear between the two vertical spars of the push bar carrier 110 on the front shopping carriage and in the process pivots up the basket flap 132. In this case, the basket flap 132 is protected via the already mentioned protective bracket 112. Abutment against the rear load cell 142 is avoided by the rear guard 126.The width distribution in the chassis 120 below the protective bracket 126 is essential for the stackable situation. The rollers 123 on the front supports 121 are closer together than on the rear supports 122, as is common in this type of chassis. In order to achieve the automatic folding-in of the unfolded goods store 200 when a plurality of shopping carriages 100 are stacked one inside the other, a sliding rod section 255 is formed on the rear partial element 250 on both sides, in each case between the pivot bearing 230 and the bent-up portions 254. This extends at least as far from the inside to the outside as the front support 121 extends from the middle to the outside, so that during stacking the sliding rod section 255 of the front shopping cart slides on the upper edge of the front support 121 of the rear shopping cart and thereby automatically brings about the folding-in of the goods store 200.It is also important that the support elements 220, which are provided on both sides in order to support the pivot bearings 230, extend offset outwards in such a way that they do not have an interfering effect during the stacking process. It has proven to be optimal if the support elements 220 extend directly behind the rear supports 122. The support elements 220 then jump inward only in an upper region by means of the horizontal section 223. The position of the horizontal sections 223 is selected such that they are not pushed by the front supports 121 of a shopping cart 100 inserted from behind during stacking. In particular, the horizontal sections 223 extend below the rear load cells 142 and then merge into the vertical section 222, which is connected to the base element 210, which in turn is connected to the wire basket serving as the shopping article receiving unit 130.In the rear view of FIG. 7, the U-shaped protecting members 144 on the two rear load cells 142 and a protecting member 143 surrounding a front load cell are also visible.A stacking process with a plurality of shopping carriages 100 according to the invention with a foldable goods store 200 is explained with reference to the movement sequence illustrated in FIGS. 8 to 10.In FIG. 8, a shopping cart 100 is shown on the left without touching other shopping cart arranged in front of it in the direction of travel. The goods store 200 is unfolded on all shopping carriages. A beverage crate 2 is located on the left-hand shopping cart on the immediately preceding, middle shopping cart 100 in FIG. 8, there being a first contact between the front of the shopping article receiving unit 130 and the right-hand shopping cart in FIG. 8. The front portion of the center shopping cart's shopping article receiving unit 130 is already inside the right shopping cart's handle bracket 110. In addition, there is first contact of the slide bar portion 255 of the rear part member 250 on the right-most shopping cart with the front support 121 of the middle shopping cart.In FIG. 9, a total of six shopping carriages are at least partially illustrated, wherein the stack depth increases from left to right, that is to say the overlapping ratio of the wire baskets pushed into one another. It can be seen in particular here that the respective sliding rod sections 255 are pushed further and further on the front support 211, which protrudes obliquely forwards, with increasing stack depth and in the process raise the rear partial element 250 further and further. The front partial element 240 is hardly visible in this illustration, since it extends behind the support elements 220.In FIG. 10, the end of the stacking process is reached in the left three shopping carriages. The slide bar portion 255 has been maximally slid upward on the front support 121 of the adjacent shopping cart, thereby raising the rear sub-element 250 movable about the pivot bearing 230. The front sub-element 240 has lowered further and further until it has reached its lowest position and the common pivot axis 251, via which the sub-elements 240, 250 are coupled, is also in the lowest position.If a shopping cart 100 is removed from the front end of the stack, the product store 200 remains completely folded in in the stack, as shown in the shopping cart shown on the far right in FIG. 10.In FIG. 11A, the stack of several shopping carriages 100 from FIG. 10 is shown in a perspective view obliquely from the front. The region marked there is shown in enlarged form in FIG. 11B in order to reveal two details:The support element 220 initially extends laterally outwards from the central region of the shopping cart via its horizontal section 223 and continues outside the chassis; it simultaneously covers the respective front supports 121 of two adjacent shopping cart in the stack without touching them. The support member 220 also does not contact a rear support 122 in the stack.The transverse bracket 125, which serves for stiffening purposes, is shaped and arranged in such a way that, during stacking, it does not touch the lower end of the guide track 242 and the common pivot axis 251 even when these are in the lowest position, which is shown in FIGS. 3 and 10, respectively.List of reference characters1 Standing plane 2 beverage crate 100 shopping cart + 110 handle bracket carrier 111 handle bracket 112 protective bracket 120 chassis 121 front supports 122 rear supports 123 rollers 124 apex 125 transverse bracket 126 protective bracket 130 shopping article receiving unit 131 base region 132 basket flap 140 weighing unit 141 weighing cell 142 weighing cell 143, 144 protective elements 145 display 146 hand scanner 200 foldable goods store 210 base unit 211 upper, front pivot axis 220 support elements 222 vertical section 223 horizontal section 224, 225 partial sections 230 pivot bearing 231 rear, lower pivot axis 240 front partial element 241 hook 242 guide track 243 wire loops 250 partial element 251 middle pivot axis 252 bracket extensions 254 edge 255 slide rod section 256 bayReferences included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedDE 20 2009 011 480 U1

[0002] EP 2 439 125 A2

[0003] EP 2 335 998 A2 [0004, 0016]DE 10 2018 132 059 A1

[0004]

Claims

Stackable shopping trolley (100) with a weighing unit (140), at least comprising: - a chassis (120) comprising two pairs of supports (121, 122), which are spread out forwards and backwards and each provided with a roller (123) and which unite in pairs at an upper apex (124), - the weighing unit (140) comprising at least one electronic evaluation device and at least two weighing cells (141, 142); - a shopping item receiving unit (130), which is mounted on the chassis (120) via the weighing cells (141, 142) arranged underneath, characterized in that a foldable goods store (200) is provided at the rear of the shopping trolley, which only hangs on the shopping item receiving unit (130) without touching the chassis (120).Shopping trolley (100) according to claim 1, characterised in that on both sides of the shopping article receiving unit (130) are provided carrying elements (220) which extend downwards from the shopping article receiving unit (130), and in that a pivot bearing (230) for the goods store (200) is formed on each of the carrying elements (220).Shopping trolley (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the goods store (200) comprises at least two part elements (240, 250) which are connected to one another in an articulated manner on a common pivot axis (251), wherein both part elements (240, 250) are each movably mounted on the shopping item receiving unit (130) via a respective further pivot axis (211, 241), wherein an upper pivot axis (211) is located further forward in the direction of travel of the chassis (120) than a lower pivot axis (241).Shopping trolley (100) according to claim 3, characterised in - that the front sub-element (240) is articulated on the upper, front pivot axis (111), which is arranged in the base region (131) of the shopping article receiving unit (130); - that a pivot bearing (230) for the lower, rear pivot axis (231) is formed on each of the support elements (220), on which pivot bearing the second sub-element (240) is articulated.Shopping trolley (100) according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in - that the front part element (240) has at least two hooks (241) spaced apart from one another, and - that a base unit (210) is connected to the base region (131) of the shopping article receiving unit (130), which base unit has a horizontally oriented wire strap spaced apart from the base region (131), which wire strap forms the pivot axis (211) and on which the hooks (241) of the front part element (240) are hooked.Shopping trolley (100) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the support elements (220) are connected to the base region (131) of the shopping article receiving unit (130) and extend from there in a vertical section (222) to below the rear load cells (142), in a horizontal section (223) laterally to the height of the rear supports (122) outwards and from there obliquely downwards to the pivot bearings (230).The shopping cart (100) of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the vertical portion (222) is connected to the base unit (210).Shopping trolley (100) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterised in that the support elements (220) are each designed as a double wire bow with two partial sections (224, 225) running parallel to one another at a distance, at least in an end section leading to the pivot bearings (230), which partial sections are joined together at the pivot bearings (230).Shopping trolley (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end sections of the carrying elements (220), as seen in the plan view of the shopping trolley (100), each run below the rear supports (122) of the chassis (120).Shopping trolley (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end portions of the support elements (220) extend parallel to the rear supports (122) of the chassis (120).Shopping trolley (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shopping article receiving unit (130) is mounted on the chassis (120) via at least one weighing cell (142), which can be loaded under pressure, in a rear region of the shopping article receiving unit (130) and at least one weighing cell (141), which can be loaded under tension, in a front region of the shopping article receiving unit (130).Shopping trolley (100) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that three load cells (141, 142) are provided, of which one load cell (141, 142) is arranged laterally on both sides of the chassis (120) and a front load cell (141, 142) is arranged transversely between the two sides.Shopping trolley (100) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one protective element (143, 144) is provided for each load cell (141, 142), said protective element at least partially surrounding the housings of the load cells (141, 142).Shopping trolley (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front part element (240) of the goods store (200) has two U-shaped wire loops (243), which are set vertically and aligned parallel to one another and each form a guide track (242), in which the rear part element (250) is movably guided via two angled bracket extensions (252) which lie on the common pivot axis (251).

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