filter device

Abstract

Filter device (1) for filtering out at least one undesired compound from at least one fluid (100), comprising at least one filter body (2) with at least one filter volume (3), wherein the filter body (2) comprises at least one inlet (4) for supplying a fluid (100) to be filtered into the filter volume (3) and at least one outlet (5) for discharging the at least partially filtered fluid from the filter volume (3), and wherein at least one filter medium (6) is arranged at least in sections in the filter volume (3), characterized in that that the filter medium comprises pyrite (7).

Description

The present invention relates to a filter device for filtering out at least one undesired compound at least from at least one fluid, in particular for filtering out at least one pollutant, comprising at least one filter body having at least one filter volume. The filter body comprises at least one inlet for supplying a fluid to be filtered into the filter volume and at least one outlet for discharging the at least partially filtered fluid from the filter volume. At least one filter medium is arranged in the filter volume at least in sections.Drinking water is one of our most important foods and must have quite specific properties according to the drinking water regulation and must not exceed specific limit values of a wide variety of compounds.For example, the nitrate guideline, the groundwater guideline and the German groundwater and drinking water regulation state that a limit value for nitrate of 50 milligrams per liter must not be exceeded. Nevertheless, this limit value is regularly exceeded at some measurement point.The increased nitrate content in groundwater and thus later in drinking water or during the production of drinking water is attributable to a large part of agriculture, which sometimes applies large amounts of nitrogen-containing fertilizer in order to achieve a sufficient surface yield.Too high a nitrate content is problematic, among other things, since the nitrate can be converted in the digestive tract into nitrite or nitrosamines. These substances can interfere with oxygen transport, inter alia, by a change in the red blood cells, and cancer-causing substances can arise. In addition, they can interfere with iodine uptake.At present, a sufficiently low nitrate content in the drinking water of water supplies is ensured by various treatment methods such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, biological methods and / or electrodialysis. These processes can also be used to remove other undesirable compounds, but are sometimes very complicated and expensive.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an alternative possibility for removing an undesired compound and in particular nitrate from the drinking water.This object is achieved by a filter device having the features of claim 1. Further advantages and features of the present inventions are evident from the general description and the description of the exemplary embodiments.The filter device according to the invention serves for filtering out at least one undesired connection from at least one fluid, wherein the filter device comprises at least one filter body with at least one filter volume and wherein the filter body comprises at least one inlet for supplying a fluid to be filtered into the filter volume and at least one outlet for discharging the at least partially filtered fluid or the fluid freed from the undesired connection from the filter volume. Furthermore, at least one filter medium is arranged in the filter volume at least in sections. The filter medium comprises pyrite.The fluid to be filtered is in particular a liquid or comprises at least one liquid, but can also be and / or comprise a gas or a gas mixture.The filter medium is in particular a reactive filter medium which converts or converts undesired compounds or pollutants. As a result of the conversion or conversion or chemical reactions, the filter medium can then be used up, depending on the configuration, so that the filter medium must be replenished at certain intervals, depending on the configuration.The filter device is designed in particular as a gravity filter, so that the fluid to be filtered passively runs through the filter volume at a predetermined speed, depending on the filter medium used. Depending on the configuration, however, it is also possible to expediently use active passage of the fluid through the filter body or the filter volume. In this case, the fluid can be pressed and / or sucked through the filter body, for example.The filter device according to the invention offers many advantages. By using as pyrite as filter medium, in particular if nitrate is to be filtered out of the fluid or from drinking water as undesirable compound, an effective and relatively additionally cost-effective alternative to the known treatment techniques can be created. Since pyrite is a naturally occurring raw material which then provides a nitrate filter, a particularly environmentally friendly filter system can be provided.Preferably, the filter medium is pyrite. In such an embodiment, it is provided that only pyrite is provided as the filter medium.The undesired compound is particularly preferably at least one pollutant.In this case, the undesired compound to be filtered or the pollutant to be filtered is in particular at least one nitrogen compound or comprises at least one nitrogen compound.Preferably, the nitrogen compound to be filtered is nitrate, so that the filter device according to the invention provides a nitrate filter. Chemically, pyrite is the cubic modification or crystal form of the iron(II) disulfide. Thus, pyrite can react in conjunction with nitrate or potassium nitrate to form potassium sulfate, iron oxide, nitrogen and oxygen (12 KN 3+ 3 FeS 2- ► 6 K 2 SO 4+ 6 N 2+ 3 FeO+6 O 2).Preferably, the fluid is water and in particular drinking water. Depending on the configuration, other liquids and / or gases or gas mixtures or other mixtures can also be filtered by means of the filter device according to the invention.Preferably, the pyrite is at least partially in ground form. By painting the pyrite bricks, an increase in surface area is effectively achieved, so that a particularly good filtering or converting effect or reactivity of the pyrite is achieved. The particle size can vary greatly depending on the application. In particular, grains from very coarse up to very or even fine can be used.It is generally preferred that the pyrite is surface-maximizingly treated. This is to be understood in particular as meaning that the surface area available for reaction with the fluid is made as large as possible. Thus, for example and preferably, a type of rock wool can be produced from the pyrite.It is particularly preferred that the pyrite is at least partially present as a pyrite foam. Pyrite foam or generally rock foams have an extremely large surface area due to foaming, so that a particularly large reactive surface area is formed in particular.Preferably, the filter medium substantially completely fills the filter volume. In such a configuration, the filter volume can, for example, be completely filled or fully filled with pyrite stones, pyrite flour and / or another filter medium.In expedient refinements, the filter medium is present in a layered manner in the filter volume. In this case, in particular at least two layers, three layers, four layers, five layers or even more layers of filter medium can be provided. Preferably, several layers of pyrite are provided and, in particular, pyrite is provided in all layers.At least one auxiliary substance is then provided in particular as an intermediate layer. Thus, for example, cotton can be used as auxiliary material, wherein a flow deceleration of the fluid through the filter body can be achieved by the layer-by-layer provision of the filter medium and, for example, cotton.Preferably, at least one further filter medium is provided in addition to pyrite. Thus, a filter can be provided by means of a filter device or by means of a filter body, which filter can filter several undesired compounds or other substances from the fluid or convert them. For example, activated carbon or another filter medium can preferably be provided.Preferably, at least one measuring device is connected upstream or associated with the inlet of the filter body in order to determine the concentration of the undesired compound before entering the filter volume. Depending on the configuration, a measuring device can also be assigned to the output in order to check the concentration of the undesired connection even downstream of the filter.In this case, in particular, at least one photometric measuring device is included in the measuring device. Thus, a concentration can be determined reliably and accurately.In advantageous refinements, at least one valve device is connected downstream of or associated with the outlet. By means of such a valve device, the flow rate or the dwell time of the fluid in the filter volume can be adjusted and / or also regulated as required.For this purpose, the valve device preferably comprises at least one automatic adjustment system, so that the valve can be automatically moved into a specific position.In expedient embodiments, at least one control device is provided.Preferably, the control device is operatively connected to the measuring device and the valve device, wherein the control device is suitable and configured to adjust the flow rate of the fluid through the filter volume by means of the valve device based on the measured concentration of the undesired connection. In this case, the control device can be in particular connected, for example, to the database in which flow rates determined for specific concentrations of an undesired compound are stored.The invention also relates to a method for filtering out undesired compounds from a fluid using a device as described above and the use of pyrite as nitrate filter. In this case, the method and the use can also be further developed as the above-described filter device.Further advantages and features of the present invention result from the exemplary embodiments which are explained below with reference to the attached figures.The figures show: FIG. 1 shows a purely schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a filter device according to the invention in a sectional view from the side; FIG. 2 shows a purely schematic illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a filter device according to the invention in a sectional view from the side; FIG. 3 shows a purely schematic illustration of another exemplary embodiment of a filter device according to the invention in a sectional view from the side; and FIG. 4 shows a purely schematic illustration of a next exemplary embodiment of a filter device according to the invention in a sectional view from the side.FIG. 1 shows purely schematically an exemplary embodiment of a filter device 1 according to the invention in a sectional view from the side. The filter device 1 shown in this exemplary embodiment comprises a filter body 2 with a filter volume 3 for filtering out at least one undesired connection from a fluid 100.The filter body 2 comprises an inlet 4 for supplying a fluid 100 to be filtered into the filter volume 3 and at least one outlet 5 for discharging the at least partially filtered fluid 100 from the filter volume 3.A filter medium 6 is arranged in the filter volume, which filter medium can filter out an undesired connection from the fluid 100 or is intended to convert or convert this connection. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the fluid 100 is drinking water 200 or water during processing to drinking water 200, and the undesired compound is a pollutant and, in particular, nitrate here.In order to filter out the nitrate from the drinking water 200 or to react it with the filter medium 6, the filter medium 6 in the exemplary embodiment shown is pyrite 7, which is present here as pyrite stones 16. Pyrite is the cubic crystal form of iron(II) disulfide which, in conjunction with nitrate and potassium nitrate, respectively, reacts to form potassium sulfate, iron oxide, nitrogen and oxygen.Furthermore, a measuring device 11 is assigned to the inlet 4, by means of which the concentration of the undesired compound can be measured before entering the filter volume 3. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the measuring device 11 comprises a photometric measuring device 12.In the exemplary embodiment shown here, a valve device 13 is assigned to the outlet, which valve device comprises an automatic adjusting mechanism 14 here. Thus, in the exemplary embodiment shown, it is possible to control or regulate the flow of the fluid 100 or of the drinking water 200 through the filter volume 3 by means of a control device 15 which is operatively connected to the measuring device 11 and the valve device 13. Thus, the dwell time or the treatment time with the filter medium 6 or here with the pyrite 7 can be adapted as required. Depending on the embodiment, a measuring device can also be assigned to the output 5 in order to check the concentration of the undesired compound even downstream of the filter.FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a filter device 1 according to the invention, wherein in this case the same structure of the filter device 1 as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 is provided in principle.Unlike in FIG. 1, the filter medium 6 or the pyrite 7 is provided here as pyrite flour 17. By grinding the pyrite stones 16 to form pyrite flour 17, a considerable increase in surface area is achieved, so that the active surface area of the filter medium 6 is greatly increased.FIG. 3 shows a next exemplary embodiment of a filter device 1 according to the invention purely schematically in a sectional view from the side, which corresponds to the basic structure of the embodiments already shown above.Unlike the previously shown, the filter medium 6 or here the pyrite 7 or the pyrite flour 17 is not provided in the entire filter volume but is arranged in a layered manner in the filter volume 3.In the intermediate layers 8, 9 cotton 18 is provided here as auxiliary material in order to separate the pyrite layers from one another and to reduce the flow rate through the filter volume 3. Depending on the configuration, other auxiliary materials 9 can also be used.In FIG. 4, a next exemplary embodiment of a filter device 1 according to the invention is illustrated purely schematically in a sectional view from the side, which corresponds in principle to the structure of the embodiments shown above.In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the pyrite 7 is present in a layered form, wherein an auxiliary material 9 or batt 18 is again provided as intermediate layers 8.Unlike the above, however, the laminated filter medium 6 is not only made of pyrite flour 17, but a layer of pyrite stones 16 and a layer of pyrite flour 17 are provided. In addition, a further layer is provided, which comprises a further or different filter medium 10, wherein its activated carbon 19 is provided.List of reference characters1 Filter device 2 Filter body 3 Filter volume 4 Inlet 5 Outlet 6 Filter medium 7 Pyrite 8 Intermediate layer 9 Auxiliary material 10 Further filter medium 11 Measuring device 12 Photometric measuring device 13 Valve device 14 Automatic adjusting device 15 Control device 16 Pyrite brick 17 Pyrite flour 18 Cotton 19 Activated carbon 100 Fluid 200 Drinking water

Claims

Filter device (1) for filtering out at least one undesired connection from at least one fluid (100), comprising at least one filter body (2) with at least one filter volume (3), wherein the filter body (2) comprises at least one inlet (4) for feeding a fluid (100) to be filtered into the filter volume (3) and at least one outlet (5) for discharging the at least partially filtered fluid from the filter volume (3), and wherein at least one filter medium (6) is arranged in the filter volume (3) at least in sections, characterized in that the filter medium comprises pyrite (7).The filter device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the filter medium is pyrite (7).The filter device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the undesired compound is at least one pollutant.The filtering device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the undesired compound to be filtered comprises at least one nitrogen compound.The filter device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the nitrogen compound is nitrate.The filter device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fluid (100) is water and in particular drinking water.The filter device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pyrite (7) is at least partially in ground form.Filter device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pyrite (7) is surface-maximizingly treated.Filter device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the pyrite (7) is at least partially present as a pyrite foam.The filter device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the filter medium (6) substantially fills the filter volume.The filter device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the filter medium (6) is present in a layered manner in the filter volume (3).Filter device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein at least one auxiliary substance (9) is provided as intermediate layer (8).Filter device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one further filter medium (10) is provided in addition to pyrite (7).Filter device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one measuring device (11) is connected upstream of the inlet (4) of the filter body (2) in order to measure the concentration of the undesired compound.Filter device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the measuring device (11) comprises at least one photometric measuring device.Filter device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one valve device (13) is arranged downstream of the outlet (5).Filter device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the valve device (13) comprises an automatic adjusting mechanism (14).Filter device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one control device (15) is provided.Filter device (1) according to one of the preceding claims 14 to 18, wherein the control device (15) is operatively connected to the measuring device (11) and the valve device (13), and wherein the control device (15) is suitable and configured to adjust the flow of the fluid (100) through the filter volume (3) by means of the valve device (13) based on the measured concentration of the undesired connection.

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