Fire protection clothing

Abstract

Fire protection cladding for interior and exterior construction of buildings, consisting of at least one dry construction panel (1) and at least one carrier panel (2) which can be attached to each other, characterized in that the carrier panel (2) is designed as a sheet metal panel.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a fire protection cladding for the interior and exterior construction of buildings, consisting of at least one drywall panel and at least one carrier panel, which can be fastened to one another.

[0002] It is well known that large-format panels are used in interior and, to a limited extent, exterior construction in or on buildings. These panels are attached to suitable supports, known as drywall. For example, in drywall construction, these panels are attached to a framework made of metal profiles or wooden battens, either inside to create partition walls and installation walls, or outside to clad buildings.

[0003] Examples of such boards include particleboard, gypsum fiberboard, plasterboard, cement-bonded boards, and boards made of silicate-bonded materials. The well-known gypsum fiberboard consists of gypsum in which fibers from ground wood or recycled paper are embedded, while plasterboard consists of gypsum with a cardboard coating. These types of boards are referred to throughout as drywall boards.

[0004] Fire protection plays a significant role in the interior and exterior construction of buildings. The goal of fire protection is to limit the spread of fire and smoke within a building in order to minimize the risk of fire damage and give occupants more time to evacuate. Different areas within buildings are subject to different requirements. For example, components installed in escape routes must withstand fire without failure for longer than other areas within the building. For this reason, building materials are classified into fire resistance classes (sometimes also referred to as fire protection classes).

[0005] Fire resistance classes indicate the resistance of building components to fire. They play a central role in the planning and construction of buildings by ensuring that structures and materials can withstand a fire for a certain period of time. Fire resistance classification is regulated in Germany by DIN 4102-2 (Fire behavior of building materials and building components) and at the European level by DIN EN 13501-2 (Classification of building products and building elements according to their fire behavior).

[0006] The fire resistance class takes three performance criteria into account: load-bearing capacity, integrity, and thermal insulation. In the German standard, the fire resistance class is abbreviated with a letter such as "F." The number after the F indicates the minimum number of minutes for which the component can withstand the effects of fire. For example, the abbreviation "F30" means that the respective component can withstand a fire for at least 30 minutes. The fire resistance classes are divided into 30-minute increments. In the lowest class, the component must withstand at least 30 minutes, and in the highest class, at least 180 minutes.

[0007] To improve the fire-retardant properties of the aforementioned drywall panels, they are coated with ceramic or reinforced with fiberglass. The panels thus formed meet the requirements.

[0008] In addition to fire resistance, there are now requirements for components that also meet higher impact resistance against mechanical influences. This is intended to prevent a component from suffering damage due to mechanical influences and thus losing its ability to withstand fire over the specified period.

[0009] To meet these requirements, it has been suggested, on the one hand, to double the number of drywall panels used to achieve greater stability. However, this approach has the disadvantage that the required number of drywall panels is also doubled. Furthermore, the labor required to construct the respective interior or exterior structure is significantly increased.

[0010] Alternatively, it has been suggested to reinforce the drywall panels themselves, for example, by adding carbon fibers or metal fibers. However, this solution significantly increases manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the addition of metal fibers, in particular, leads to a significant increase in the weight of the drywall panels, which is counteracting the predominantly desired one-person handling of such panels.

[0011] Against this background, the present invention is based on the object of creating a fire-protection cladding for the interior and exterior construction of buildings that, on the one hand, has the required stability against the effects of fire and, on the other hand, exhibits increased impact resistance against mechanical influences. According to the invention, this object is achieved with the features of claim 1.

[0012] The invention provides a fire-resistant cladding for the interior and exterior construction of buildings that provides the required stability against fire and, at the same time, increased impact resistance against mechanical influences. The drywall panel in the fire-resistant cladding according to the invention provides the required stability against fire. This can be, for example, known gypsum boards or plasterboards that meet the usual fire resistance classes. The carrier board, designed as a sheet metal panel, in contrast, provides the required stability against mechanical influences. Consequently, the fire-resistant cladding according to the invention provides a hybrid component that meets both requirements.

[0013] In a further development of the invention, the carrier board has a bevel on two sides. These bevels allow the fire protection cladding to be easily attached to a stud frame, for example, without damaging the drywall and the carrier board.

[0014] It is advantageous to provide the bevels with at least two mounting holes. This allows the fire protection cladding to be attached to a stud frame without the need for tools.

[0015] Preferably, the mounting openings have a slot-like design. This provides an installation aid because the fire protection cladding simply needs to be guided up to the respective stud frame and then automatically moves into its final position, locking it in place.

[0016] In another embodiment of the invention, the support plate has a fire barrier on two sides. This creates a partition from adjacent fire-resistant cladding. In particular, the fire barriers can interrupt a chimney effect, which can occur in the installation level behind the fire-resistant cladding.

[0017] In one embodiment of the invention, the drywall panel and the carrier panel are screwed together. The screw connection between the panels provides a simple yet stable fastening. It also offers the possibility of attaching the two panels together on-site at the respective construction site. Consequently, the drywall panel and the carrier panel can be delivered to the construction site separately, simplifying logistics.

[0018] Further developments and refinements of the invention are specified in the remaining subclaims. An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawings and described in detail below. They show: Fig. 1 the three-dimensional representation of a drywall panel and a carrier panel; Fig. 2 the side view of a fire protection cladding in assembled condition; Fig. 3 the schematic three-dimensional representation of the fire protection cladding in assembled state and Fig. 4 the three-dimensional representation of a carrier plate.

[0019] The fire protection cladding chosen as an example for the interior and exterior construction of buildings consists of at least one drywall panel 1 and at least one carrier panel 2. The drywall panel 1 and the carrier panel 2 are attached to each other in the assembled state. In the example, the drywall panel 1 and the carrier panel 2 are screwed together.

[0020] Drywall panel 1 is rectangular. In the example shown, it has a width of 570 mm, a height of 1,200 mm, and a thickness of 18 mm. Other dimensions are, of course, possible.

[0021] In this example, drywall panel 1 is made of plasterboard. Plasterboard is a building material made of gypsum with cardboard on both sides. The plasterboard panels' flexural rigidity is provided by the cardboard on both sides, which absorbs tensile forces. In a variation of the example, drywall panel 1 can additionally contain fibers made of plastic, glass, or cellulose, which makes the panel more structurally resilient and also suitable for use in damp rooms.

[0022] Instead of plasterboard, gypsum fiberboards can also be used, which do not require cardboard wrapping because they contain fibers inside that make these boards sufficiently rigid.

[0023] Drywall panel 1 is highly fire-resistant and, in this example, corresponds to resistance class F60. It can therefore withstand flames for at least 60 minutes. The use of panels that fall under other resistance classes is also possible.

[0024] The carrier plate 2 is designed as a sheet metal plate. It is also rectangular. In the illustrated example, it has a width of 570 mm, a height of 1,200 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm. As can be seen, the width and height of the carrier plate 2 are identical to those of the drywall panel 1. Therefore, in the illustrated example, both panels completely overlap. In a modification of the illustrated example, it is also possible to combine the two panels with different dimensions. The carrier plate 2 is provided with holes (not shown) through which the fastening screws for the drywall panel 1 pass.

[0025] The support plate 2 has a bevel 21 on two sides; in the exemplary embodiment, the bevels 21 are formed on the two long sides of the support plate 2. The bevels 21 are aligned at right angles to the plate and extend essentially over the entire length of the support plate 2.

[0026] According to the invention, the bevels 21 are each provided with at least two suspension openings 22; in the exemplary embodiment, four suspension openings 22 are provided in each of the bevels 21. The suspension openings 22 are formed by punched-out portions. They have a slot-like design. In the exemplary embodiment, the suspension openings 22 have a horizontal section that extends from the free end of the bevel 21 approximately to the center of the bevel 21. From there, each suspension opening 22 extends upwards in a second section at an angle in the direction away from the floor.

[0027] The carrier plate 2 has a fire barrier 23 on two sides; in the exemplary embodiment, the fire barriers 23 are formed on the two end faces of the carrier plate 2. The fire barriers 23 are aligned at right angles to the plate and extend essentially across the entire width of the carrier plate 2.

[0028] In the exemplary embodiment, the fire protection claddings according to the invention are arranged on wall modules 3 for the construction of prefabricated houses in a stud- and frameless construction (cf. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). The modules 3 have a substantially cuboid shape. When installed, the modules 3 are almost completely closed. Mounting devices (not shown) are arranged on all modules for connecting them to adjacent wall modules.

[0029] In the illustrated embodiment, the wall modules 3 are formed of three levels that extend across the entire height and width of the respective module. These three levels are an insulation level 31 located in the center, a rear ventilation level 32 located on the outside, and an installation level 33 located on the inside. Levels 31, 32, and 33 are separated from each other by particle boards 34 (so-called OSB boards).

[0030] The insulation level 31 is filled with insulating material and thus provides the required thermal insulation.

[0031] The rear ventilation layer 32, which faces outward when the wall modules 3 are assembled, allows for air circulation and air exchange. The rear ventilation layer 32 is closed with facade elements 35. These can be made of a wide variety of materials. The key criterion for selecting the material is its weather resistance. In the illustrated example, the facade elements 35 are arranged on support plates 2, with the support plates 2 being screwed to the facade elements 35.

[0032] In the illustrated example, the support plates 2 are attached to system profiles 4. The attachment can, of course, also be made to other structural elements, e.g., to wooden stud frames. In the illustrated example, the system profiles 4 are aluminum profiles with a U-shaped cross-section. The system profiles 4 are provided with holes for fastening pins 41. Furthermore, the system profiles 4 are provided with openings 42 through which, for example, cables or pipes for the building's installation can be routed.

[0033] The fire protection cladding according to the invention is easily mounted on the system profiles 4 by guiding a carrier plate 2 between two adjacently positioned system profiles 4, in which fastening pins 41 are inserted at the level of the suspension openings 22. The carrier plate 2 is then moved horizontally towards the wall module 3 so that the fastening pins 41 enter the horizontal sections of the suspension openings 22. As soon as the fastening pins 41 reach the end of the horizontal sections of the suspension openings 22, the carrier plate 2 can be released by the worker so that the carrier plate 2 slides downwards along the second section at an angle until the fastening pins 41 rest in the end of the second sections of the suspension openings 22. The carrier plate 2 is then reliably arranged between two system profiles 4.

[0034] Next, a drywall panel 1 is positioned on the support plate 2 and screwed to it, completing the fire protection cladding. Fire protection cladding is then installed on adjacent system profiles in the same way. Joints between adjacent fire protection claddings can be filled with filler in the usual way.

[0035] The fire protection cladding according to the invention, on the one hand, provides the well-known good properties against the effects of fire. By selecting the appropriate drywall panels, it is possible to meet the requirements of various fire resistance classes. Furthermore, by providing the carrier panel in the form of a sheet metal plate, the stability and resistance of the fire protection cladding according to the invention are significantly increased compared to fire protection cladding consisting solely of drywall panels.

[0036] In addition, the fire protection cladding according to the invention is very easy to handle, as the drywall panels and the carrier panels are usually only attached to each other on site. This ensures the often desired one-man operation. Alternatively, it is of course also possible to deliver and install the drywall panels and carrier panels pre-assembled at the construction site.

Claims

[1] Fire protection cladding for the interior and exterior construction of buildings, consisting of at least one drywall panel (1) and at least one carrier panel (2) which can be fastened to one another, characterized by that the carrier plate (2) is designed as a sheet metal plate. [2] Fire protection clothing according to claim 1, characterized by that the carrier plate (2) has a bevel (21) on two sides. [3] Fire protection clothing according to claim 2, characterized by that the folds (21) are each provided with at least two hanging openings (22). [4] Fire protection clothing according to claim 3, characterized by that the hanging openings (22) have a slot-like design. [5] Fire protection clothing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the carrier plate (2) has a fire barrier (23) on two sides. [6] Fire protection clothing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the drywall panel (1) and the support plate (2) are screwed together.

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