Detachable mortise and tenon joint arrangement for a timber frame

Abstract

Detachable tenon joint arrangement (100; 100') for a timber frame with at least: - a vertically arranged post (10; 10'), - a horizontal beam (20; 20') resting on or below it, and - a wedge (30; 30') that can be inserted between the post (10; 10') and the beam (20; 20'); wherein the post (10; 10') has a tenon (11; 11') on its end face facing the beam, which engages in a mortise (21; 21') of the beam (20; 20'); characterized in that: - the tenon (11; 11') has at least one tenon projection (12; 12') on a front side, at which the length of the tenon (11; 11') measured in the longitudinal direction of the beam (20; 20') is at its maximum, and below it at least one taper and / or a recess, at which the length is at its minimum, so that an undercut (13; 13') is formed; - the tenon (11; 11') fits into a mortise (21;21') engages and thus forms a positive-locking connection; - the length of the mortise (21; 21') is greater than the maximum length of the tenon (11; 11') and - the wedge (30; 30') can be inserted into a wedge-receiving groove (23; 23') extending transversely to the longitudinal extent of the beam (20; 20') and supports the rear side (14; 14') of the tenon (11; 11') against the beam (20; 20').

Description

The invention relates to a detachable pin connection arrangement for a timber rack comprising at least:a vertically arranged post,a horizontal beam resting thereon or below, anda wedge insertable between the post and the beam;wherein the post has a pin on its end side facing the beam, which pin engages into a pin hole of the beam.Pin connections are among the traditional room man-made wood connections. A distinction is made between, among other things, full and blind tenons full of tenons penetrates a mortise in the beam completely, the brain of the tapped wood being flush with the rear side of the coil wood. The inserted pin fills the pin hole completely.Nowadays, metallic connecting elements are often used for connecting adjoining wood components, since such connections are much faster to produce than pin connections. From the standpoint of permanent building, however, it is desirable to avoid metallic fastening elements and the screws or nails necessary therefor. In the case of later retrobubbling of a timber stand, damage to tools is thus avoided. Without holes, nail holes and the like, a re-use of the inserted beams and posts is possible. Discoloration of the wood by the metal contact or by corrosion inhibitors adhering to the metal and the like is also avoided.DE 10 2015 013 229 A1 discloses a reversible corner connection for the furniture and object area. For a connection free of adhesive and metal, milled posts and latches are provided which are plugged together with self-interlocking wood-to-pin connections. The wood connection is locked with the aid of a T-shaped plastic clip in that the cavity remaining after the pin has been inserted into the pin hole is filled by the clip. By releasing and removing the plastic part, the connection can be released again. However, the use of specially shaped plastic components conflicts with the basic idea of a lasting construction with natural construction materials and can be economical for the plastic component only in large quantities. The connection is also not scalable from furniture construction to framed timber stands because with the much larger dimensions of posts and beams the clips to be inserted would become strongly caught in the pin hole after being driven into the remaining cavity, so that no readily detachable connection would be achieved.Well known traditional pin connections of posts and beams with a polygonal full pin are not tensile loadable and require a securing for this by a member such as a metal pin or a wood nail that leads transversely through the beams and pins. The load-bearing capacity of a pin connection by means of tensile forces is necessary in particular in the case of such timber stands which form individually loadable components, for example modules of a ready-made house. Even if, after installation, the pin connections in the holmake with vertical posts and beams resting on top are generally only loaded under pressure, there must be tension-proof pin connections for the moment of raising and inserting the woodmakeke by crane.The object of the present invention is thus to provide a tension-resistant, room-man-made pin connection arrangement.This object is achieved by a pin connection arrangement for a timber stand having the features of claim 1.In the following, the pin connection arrangement according to the invention is described such that a horizontal beam rests on a vertically oriented post, wherein the post and beam are connected by the pin connection arrangement. This corresponds to a frequent application. However, the invention relates generally to the particular pin connection arrangement without fixing to a particular spatial arrangement of post and beam. In particular, the invention also includes the reverse arrangement, that is to say a horizontal beam which is mounted in another way and has a vertical post which rests thereon.The invention is derived from the conventional technical view that in a pin joint arrangement a pin is intended to completely fill the pin hole and accepts a cavity in the pin hole which, however, is not at all disadvantageous for the use of the pin joint arrangement in a timber stand, as will be explained below.The term "length" refers hereinafter to the extension in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the beam resting on the post to be connected, the pin hole therein and the pin engaging therein.The term "width" denotes the dimension orthogonal thereto, i.e. the profile width of the beam and of the pin or of the post transversely to the mentioned longitudinal direction.According to the invention, the pin does not have a constant length at the end of the post, but rather has-as seen in the insertion direction into the pin hole-at least one pin projection at which the length is maximum and below it, towards the full cross section of the post below the pin projection, a taper or a recess at which the length is minimum, so that at least one undercut is formed.On a rear side of the pin facing away from a front side with the undercut, the shape plays no particular role, since in the finished pin connection arrangement they border a cavity in the pin hole.The pin hole in the beam is formed on one side complementary to the cross-sectional shape of the pin, so that the pin and pin hole form positive and negative shapes of the same boundary contour and form locking is produced as soon as the pin has been inserted into the pin hole and then laterally displaced in the pin hole.In order to make it possible to insert the pin despite an undercut, the pin hole is at least as long as the greatest longitudinal extent of the pin. Preferably, the longitudinal extension of the pivot hole is even greater in order to enable a comfortable insertion, possibly also pivoting, of the post into the beam. When the pin is fully inserted into the pin hole, it must still be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the beam in order that the sides of the pin and of the pin hole profiled in a complementary manner to one another engage in one another.After the post has been advanced in the longitudinal direction of the beam and the form-fit has been established between the pin and the correspondingly shaped part of the pin hole, a hollow space remains in the pin hole at the rear side of the pin. According to the invention, this is not completely filled, but rather the positively locking connection produced is secured merely by driving in a wedge. The wedge is driven into a wedge recess on the upper side of the beam, which extends transversely to the longitudinal course of the beam and preferably runs through the pin hole.The pin connection arrangement according to the invention is designed such that all load cases which usually occur in a timber stand can be absorbed without problems:When the beam is subjected to pure compressive stress from above, the force is dissipated via wide bearing surfaces in the posts underneath, which are present on both sides of the pin.In the case of vertical lifting forces on the beam, tensile forces act on the pin connection arrangement. These are received in the beam via the form fit between the undercut side of the pin and the associated, complementarily profiled side of the pin hole. Although only the remaining cross section at the transition between the post and the pin can be loaded for tensile forces, it must be taken into account that a timber stand is either not yet fully planked during crane transport and / or that the mass of the timber stand is distributed over a plurality of pin connection arrangements of the same type.Torque loads acting in a plane formed by beams and posts are compensated for on the one hand by the support of the beam underside on the support surfaces next to the pin and on the other hand by the inserted wedge.Bending stresses from the outside, for example due to wind loads, are compensated for in an excellent manner in that a full-surface and tight contact of the underside of the beam on the bearing surfaces of the item is ensured by the form fit of the pin in the pin hole, wherein the pin is guided with its side flanks without play in the pin hole.As a result, the pin connection arrangement proposed by the invention is not weakened for the load cases conceivable on a timber stand, although no full-surface support in the pin hole is necessary on the rear side of the pin.It is furthermore advantageous if the wedge, pin and beam top side form a flush surface. This ensures continuous transfer of load from identically designed posts located above it. Brain wood in this case stands for brain wood. As a result, no transverse wood stress and no possibility of settling occurs, because wood exhibits almost no swelling / shrinkage behavior along the fiber direction.For securing the pin connection arrangement according to the invention, a flat wedge is sufficient, which can be cut, for example, from laminated board wood, which is dimensionally stablePreferably, the rear of the stud is smooth and is flush with the corresponding rear of the post.It is furthermore advantageous if the rear delimitation of the pivot hole is produced flush with the rear delimitation of the wedge recess. The pin hole is then trapezoidal, as seen from the insertion side of the pin. Also the cavity remaining in the tap hole after insertion and securing of the pin has a trapezoidal shape, which is of no significance for the function of the pin connection arrangement according to the invention. The continuous production of a side wall of the wedge receiving groove and a boundary wall of the pivot hole offers production-related advantages.The at least one support surface formed laterally next to the pin or the plurality of support surfaces together preferably amounts to at least 30% of the horizontal profile cross section of the post.The height of the wedge and of the wedge receiving groove preferably each amounts to at most 25% of the vertical profile cross section of the beam.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. They show in detail: FIG. 1 shows a pin connection arrangement according to a first embodiment in an exploded perspective view; FIG. 2 shows the completely assembled pin connection arrangement in a perspective view; FIG. 3 shows the pin connection arrangement in a lateral view before assembly; FIG. 4 shows the completely assembled pin connection arrangement in a side view; FIG. 5 shows the completely assembled pin connection arrangement from above; FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a pin connection arrangement in an exploded perspective view; FIG. 7 shows the assembled pin connection arrangement according to FIG. 6 in a perspective view; FIG. 8 is a side view of the pin connection arrangement according to FIG. 6 before assembly; and FIG. 9 shows the assembled pin connection arrangement according to FIG. 6 in a side view.Referring now to FIG. 1, a pin connection assembly 100 according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown prior to assembly. A post 10 with a rectangular post profile has at its upper end a specially formed pin 11 which is flush at a rear side 14 with the corresponding rear side of the post profile. The width of the pin 11 is less than the width of the post profile, so that bearing surfaces 15 are formed on both sides of the pin 11. The front side facing away from the rear side 14 has an undercut 13 in the form of a recess which is formed below a pin projection 12.A pin hole 21 is prepared on a beam 20. On the top side of the beam there is a key-receiving groove 23 which extends over the entire width of the beam 20 and thereby intersects the pin hole 21. After the pin 11 is inserted into the pin hole 21 from below and slid leftward in the pin hole, a key 30 is inserted into the key receiving groove 23.The final assembled state resulting therefrom is depicted in a further perspective view of the pin connection arrangement 100 in FIG. 2.The brain wood of the pin 11, the top of the wedge 30 and the top of the beam 20 lie flush in one plane. In order to carry out disassembly, the wedge 30 can be easily removed from the other side. It can even be removed from the bottom to the top in certain cases, since a cavity, which is not visible here, is located below the wedge 30.FIG. 3 shows the state of the pin connection assembly 100 before assembly in a side view, in which hidden lines are also shown to show the inner shape of the pin hole 21. A right boundary wall 26 of the pivot hole 21 in the beam 20 is indicated by two dashed lines. This is because the boundary side of the pin hole 21 is made flush with the upper right boundary of the spline receiving groove 23 so that the width of the pin hole decreases from front to rear as viewed in FIG. 3. In the left-hand region, the pin hole 21 is worked out in such a way that it has, above a bearing shoulder 24, a receiving pocket 22, in which the pin projection 12 of the pin 11 can engage. The support shoulder 24 also engages in the undercut 13, whereby a form-fit is formed which absorbs tensile forces acting in the longitudinal direction of the post 10.A side view of the assembled state of the pin connection assembly 100 is shown in FIG. 4. The underside of the beam 20 rests on the receiving surfaces 15 on the post 10. The inserted wedge 30 clamps the rear side 14 of the pin 11 against the beam 20. From there, the wedge 30 can even be released by looking upward if the posts 10 and beams 20 have already been planked.Figure 5 shows the assembled pin connection arrangement viewed from the top of the beam 20. It is particularly clear here that on both sides of the pin 11 wide contact surfaces 15 are present, on which surfaces of equal width can rest on the underside of the beam 20.Figure 6 shows in perspective view another pin connection arrangement 100' for a post 10' and a beam 20'. In this embodiment too, a post 10' is provided, on the top side of which a pin 11' is formed and in which bearing surfaces 15' are formed on both sides of the pin 11'. A rear face 14' of the pin 11' is flush with the rear face of the rectangular post profile.The greatest length of the pin 11' in this embodiment is at the upper end between the rear side 14' and a pin projection 12'. From there, the length of the pin 11' is reduced downwards, so that an undercut 13' is formed at the bearing surface 15'. The profiling of the pin 11' is not only formed in one dimension of the cross section in this embodiment. As the illustration shows, additional slopes are provided on the pin 11', so that the pin 11' resembles a halved truncated pyramid with an octagonal base.A pin hole 21' in the beam 20' has a negative shape which is formed complementary to the positive shape defined by the pin 11'. A key receiving groove 23' extends across the beam 20' intersecting the pin hole 21'. The right-hand end edge of the key receiving groove 23' is flush with a rear end wall 26' of the pin hole 21'.After the insertion of the pin 11' into the pin hole 21' and the wedge 30' into the wedge receiving groove 23', the finished pin connection arrangement 100' shown in FIG. 7 results.In FIG. 8, the second embodiment of the pin connection arrangement 100' is again shown in a lateral view before assembly and in FIG. 9 after assembly. Also in this embodiment of the pin connection arrangement 100', after the insertion of the wedge 30', a cavity 25' remains between the rear side 14' of the pin 11' and the boundary wall 26' of the pin hole 21'.References included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedDE 10 2015 013 229 A1

[0004]

Claims

A detachable pin connection arrangement (100; 100') for a timber framework, comprising at least: - a post (10; 10') to be arranged vertically, - a horizontal beam (20; 20') resting thereon or below, and - a wedge (30; 30') insertable between the post (10; 10') and the beam (20; 20'); wherein the post (10; 10') has, on its end side facing the beam, a pin (11; 11') which engages into a pin hole (21; 21') of the beam (20; 20'); characterized in that - the pin (11; 11') has, on a front side, at least one pin protrusion (12; 12') on which the length of the pin (11; measured in the longitudinal direction of the beam (20; 20'); 11'), and including at least one taper and / or a recess, at which the length is minimal, so that an undercut (13; 13') is formed; - the pin (11; 11') engages in a pin hole (21; 21') adapted to the shape of the pin protrusion (12; 12') and the undercut (13; 13') and thus forms a positive connection; - the length of the pin hole (21; 21') is greater than the maximum length of the pin (11; 11'), and - the wedge (30; 30') can be inserted into a wedge receiving groove (23; 23') extending transversely to the longitudinal extension of the beam (20; 20'), and the rear side (14; 14') of the pin (11; 11') opposite the beam (20; 20').The pin connection arrangement (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that - the pin (11) has a pin protrusion (12) with a constant cross section, which extends parallel to the longitudinal extension of the beam (10) to one side of the pin (11) and which engages in a pin pocket (22), which adjoins the pin hole (21) laterally, above a support shoulder (24); and - the length of the pin π (11) measured via the pin protrusion (12) corresponds at most to the extension of the pin hole (21) measured in the same direction.The pin connection arrangement (100') according to claim 1, characterized in that - the largest length of the pin (11') at the upper end consists between a rear side (14') and a pin protrusion (12') and from there the length of the pin (11') is reduced up to an undercut (13'), - one side of the pin hole (21') in the beam (20') has a negative shape which is formed complementary to the positive shape predetermined by the pin (11'), and - a positive fit is formed between the pin hole (21') in the beam (20') and the pin (11') inserted therein.The pin connection arrangement (100') according to claim 3, characterized in that additional lateral inclined surfaces are provided on the pin (11'), and the pin (11') has the shape of a halved truncated pyramid with an octagonal base.The pin connection arrangement (100; 100') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum length of the pin (11; 11') measured via the pin protrusion (12; 12') corresponds to the profile length of the post (10; 10').The pin connection arrangement (100; 100') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one support surface (15) formed laterally next to the pin (11; 11') or a plurality of support surfaces (15; 15') together amount to at least 30% of the horizontal profile cross section of the post (10; 10').The pin connection arrangement (100; 100') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height of the wedge (30; 30') and of the wedge receiving groove (23; 23') is in each case at most 25% of the vertical profile cross section of the beam (20; 20').The pin connection arrangement (100; 100') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper end face of the pin (11; 11') and the upper side of the wedge (30; 30') are flush with the upper side of the beam (20; 20').A pin connection assembly (100; 100') according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the wedge (30; 30') is formed from laminated board wood.

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