Access control system for buildings

Abstract

Access control system (1) for buildings (2) with a stationary unit (20) and a mobile unit (10), wherein the mobile unit (10) has a mobile transceiver (11) which is designed to transmit wirelessly and encrypted signals (S) for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit (10) with respect to the stationary unit (20) and for control of the stationary unit (20) by the mobile unit (10) to a stationary transceiver (21) of the stationary unit (20), wherein the stationary unit (20) comprises a control device (22) which is designed to determine a position of the mobile unit (10) relative to the stationary unit (20) from the signals (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) and to control a function if a control command for triggering the function is transmitted to the stationary unit (20) by a mobile unit (10) authenticated and authorized by the stationary unit (20) and / or the position of the mobile unit (10) is within a predetermined access area (30), and wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine an angle (ϕ) from which the signals (S) were received from the signals (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21), to determine a measured distance (rg) between the stationary transceiver (21) and the mobile transceiver (11) from a signal (S) received at the stationary transceiver (21) from the mobile transceiver (11) and from the measured distance (rg) and a vertical distance (rv) stored as a correction value in the control device (22) between the stationary transceiver (21) and the mobile transceiver (11), to determine a horizontal distance between the stationary transceiver (21) and the mobile transceiver (11) in the polar coordinate system lying in the horizontal plane as a distance (r) from which the signals (S) were received, so that the position of the mobile unit (10) can be specified as polar coordinates of a polar coordinate system lying in a horizontal plane, in whose coordinate origin the stationary transceiver (21) is arranged.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an access control system for buildings.

[0002] An access control system within the meaning of the invention refers to systems that have a stationary or fixed unit and a mobile unit that can be carried by a user, and in which said units communicate wirelessly with each other for the authentication and authorization of the mobile unit, and thus of the user, vis-à-vis the stationary unit. Based on the authentication and authorization, the stationary unit controls various functions and, in particular, the release or locking of an associated access, for example, a door or gate. Going beyond most conventional access systems, the access system according to the invention also provides for position determination, as explained in more detail below.

[0003] Wireless access control systems are state of the art and are known, for example, from the documents WO 2023 / 222462 A1 and DE 10 2020 114 403 A1.

[0004] However, such systems can be further optimized.

[0005] The invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming the aforementioned disadvantages and providing an access control system with improved security and increased convenience.

[0006] This problem is solved by the combination of features according to claim 1.

[0007] According to the invention, an access control system for buildings or a building access control system is therefore proposed, which accordingly has a stationary unit, i.e. a fixed unit that is preferably connected to the building in a fixed manner, and a mobile unit, i.e. a non-stationary unit that can be carried by a user. The mobile unit is essentially an electronic key, which can be designed, for example, in the form of a smart FOB or a smartphone. Basically, both the stationary unit and the mobile unit have a respective transceiver, wherein a transceiver is to be understood as a transmitting / receiving unit. The transceiver of the mobile unit, referred to as the mobile transceiver, preferably has at least one antenna and an evaluation unit for transmitting signals via the at least one antenna and for evaluating the signals received via the at least one antenna.The transceiver of the stationary unit, referred to as the stationary transceiver, preferably has at least two antennas and an evaluation unit for transmitting signals via at least one of the two antennas and for evaluating the signals received via both antennas. The mobile transceiver is designed to transmit wirelessly, in particular via radio, and encrypted signals for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit to the stationary unit, as well as optionally for control of the stationary unit by the mobile unit, to the transceiver of the stationary unit, referred to as the stationary transceiver.

[0008] Fundamentally, it should be noted that authentication is understood as the verification of whether the mobile unit or its identity is known to the stationary unit, in particular, whether a unique identification number of the mobile unit is stored in the stationary unit. Authorization, on the other hand, is understood as the verification of whether the authenticated mobile unit has access authorization for the access controlled by the access control system. Authentication and authorization can be carried out integrally or separately.

[0009] It is essential to the invention that the stationary unit has a control device which is designed to determine a position of the mobile unit relative to the stationary unit from the signals transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver and to trigger or control a function which corresponds in particular to a corresponding control command if a control command for triggering the function is transmitted to the stationary unit by a mobile unit which is authenticated and authorised by the stationary unit and / or the position of the mobile unit is within a predetermined access area which can be learned in particular by a user or an authenticated and further preferably authorised user, which access area can be learned for example solely by a distance of the mobile unit from the stationary unit orthe position of the mobile unit can be determined, so that the mobile unit can be considered to be within the access area if the distance referred to below is less than a predetermined limit.

[0010] Accordingly, it is crucial for comfort and safety that the user's position is determined as accurately as possible.

[0011] For this purpose, the invention now provides that the control device is designed to determine an angle from which the signals were received from the signals transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver, and to determine a distance from which the signals were received, so that the position of the mobile unit can be specified as polar coordinates of a polar coordinate system lying in a horizontal plane, in whose coordinate origin the stationary transceiver is arranged.

[0012] The access area is understood to be a two-dimensional and horizontally extending area on or around the stationary unit and, accordingly, for example and in abstract terms, an area on a floor in the area of ​​the stationary unit or of an access controllable by the access control system, as could be represented, for example, in a view from above or a plan view.

[0013] Accordingly, the polar coordinate system preferably lies in a horizontal plane relative to the earth or the ground.

[0014] The functions that can be controlled by corresponding control commands include, in particular, comfort functions, so that lighting elements, for example, can also be controlled by a corresponding control command.

[0015] However, basic functions of the access control system, and thus in particular unlocking and locking an access controlled by the access control system, preferably do not require the transmission of a control command, but are performed automatically by the control device when an authenticated and authorized mobile unit, i.e., its position, is within the access area. Repeated position determination also makes it possible to distinguish between entering and exiting the access area, and to trigger a corresponding function, e.g., unlocking the access upon entering and locking the access upon exiting.

[0016] The transceivers are preferably combined Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE for short, and ultra-wideband transceivers, UWB transceivers for short, although other radio methods or radio transceivers can also be used as long as they enable the position to be determined according to the invention.

[0017] It is generally known that position determination is possible using such transceivers.

[0018] In the present case, however, an advantageous development provides that the access control system has, in particular, exactly one stationary transceiver, and the stationary transceiver has exactly two antennas for receiving the signals transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver, wherein the exactly two antennas are spaced apart by a predetermined distance in the horizontal plane. Based on this, the control device is configured to determine the angle from a phase shift between a signal received at both antennas and the distance between the antennas.

[0019] The phase shift can be determined using the so-called Phase Difference of Arrival (PDoA).

[0020] The angle is preferably determined using the formula Φ=arcsin(α*λ2*π*d) with Φ is the angle from which the signal from the mobile transceiver was received by the stationary transceiver, α phase shift between the signal received at both antennas, λ as a wavelength of a carrier frequency of the signal and d is the distance between the two antennas in the horizontal plane.

[0021] With regard to the phase shift, it should be clarified that a signal is received by the two antennas spaced apart from each other with waves or phases shifted from each other due to the distance, whereby the phase shift corresponds to the shift of the phases or carrier waves from each other.

[0022] With regard to the wavelength of the carrier frequency of the signal, this is determined by the control device from the signal, but can preferably already be stored in the control device or be retrievable by it.

[0023] The same applies to the distance between the two antennas in the horizontal plane, which can preferably already be stored in the control device or can be retrieved by it.

[0024] Furthermore, according to the invention, it is provided that the control device is designed to determine a measured distance between the stationary transceiver and the mobile transceiver from a signal received at the stationary transceiver from the mobile transceiver.

[0025] The measured distance can be determined, for example, in that the control device is designed to determine the measured distance from a transmission time of a signal received at the stationary transceiver from the mobile transceiver (Time of Flight (ToF)) and / or from a transmission time of a signal received at the stationary transceiver from the stationary transceiver via the mobile transceiver and / or from a signal strength of a signal received at the stationary transceiver from the mobile transceiver (RSSI).

[0026] However, the measured distance corresponds to the length of the direct connection between the stationary and the mobile transceiver, so that a deviation may occur in the polar coordinate system extending in the horizontal plane due to a possible height difference between the mobile transceiver and the stationary transceiver in three-dimensional space.

[0027] This height difference can also be understood and referred to as the vertical distance between the stationary transceiver and the mobile transceiver, which is the distance between the transceivers along the axis orthogonal to the horizontal plane.

[0028] In order to improve a resulting incorrect determination of the distance and thus at the same time increase the safety and the comfort of the system, it is provided that the control device is designed to determine a horizontal distance between the stationary transceiver and the mobile transceiver, i.e. the distance between the transceivers in the horizontal plane, in the polar coordinate system lying in the horizontal plane as a distance from the measured distance and a vertical distance between the stationary transceiver and the mobile transceiver stored as a correction value in the control device.

[0029] This can be done simply by the Pythagorean theorem, where r=rg2−rv2 with r Distance between the transceivers in the horizontal plane, rg measured distance between the transceivers corresponding to the length of the direct connection between the transceivers in three-dimensional space and rv is the vertical distance between the transceivers stored as a correction value.

[0030] Since the distance between the transceivers and the reception angle can be determined separately and then, if necessary, further processed separately, it is preferably provided that the control device is designed to store the phase shift determined from a signal and / or the angle determined for the signal as well as the distance measured for the signal and / or the distance determined for the signal in a manner that can be assigned to one another. This assignability, i.e. that the values ​​were determined for a common signal, can be achieved by storing the aforementioned values ​​together as a data packet or separately with a unique identifier, which can be, for example, a time and which enables the assignment to one another.

[0031] Although the position of the mobile transceiver can be determined from each signal transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver, this is not absolutely necessary and, when using a large number of mobile transceivers or when a large number of signals are transmitted in rapid succession, is detrimental to the convenience and security of the access system.

[0032] Therefore, it is preferably provided that the control device is designed to determine the phase shift and / or the angle as well as the measured distance and / or the distance from a signal received by the stationary transceiver, in particular exclusively at predetermined time intervals.

[0033] Alternatively or additionally, it can also be provided that the control device is designed to transmit a command by means of the stationary transceiver to the mobile transceiver, by means of which command a signal is transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver at predetermined time intervals, from which signal the phase shift and / or the angle as well as the measured distance and / or the distance is determined. The command can, for example, be transmitted once and trigger the transmission of several signals at predetermined time intervals. Alternatively, the command itself can be transmitted at predetermined time intervals and in each case trigger exactly one transmission of a signal from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver.Furthermore, in this variant, the determination of the phase shift and / or the angle as well as the determination of the measured distance and / or the distance is preferably carried out exclusively based on the signals whose transmission was triggered by the command.

[0034] Since the vertical distance between the transceivers depends in particular on the installation situation of the stationary transceiver and can therefore vary in practice from system to system, it is preferably provided that the control device has a learning mode in which the vertical distance can be stored as a correction value for determining the distance in the control device and / or can be set by a user.

[0035] In particular, it can be provided that the control device is designed in the learning mode, when a learning control command is transmitted by the mobile unit to the stationary unit, to store a value transmitted with or immediately after the learning control command from the mobile unit to the stationary unit as the vertical distance or to determine the vertical distance on the basis of this value and to store it accordingly.

[0036] For example, the vertical distance can be transmitted directly as a value.

[0037] Alternatively, it is possible that a vertical distance of the stationary unit to the ground is transmitted as a value, wherein an assumed vertical distance of the mobile unit to the ground is stored in the stationary unit or is transmitted in addition to the vertical distance of the stationary unit to the ground, so that the vertical distance can be determined from the difference between the two distances.

[0038] An important aspect of a further development of the invention is that the vertical distance between the mobile unit and the stationary unit and / or the vertical distance of the mobile unit from the ground can be stored in the control device specifically for a mobile unit that can be identified by an identification number. Accordingly, a unit- or user-specific correction factor can be determined or stored for different mobile units with correspondingly different identification numbers, which can be assigned to different users and thus, in particular, to users of different sizes, and a corresponding individual correction of the horizontal distance can be performed.

[0039] Preferably, it is further provided that the polar coordinate system is divided or segmented by a distance grid and an angle grid, and virtual, i.e., imaginary, nodes are formed at the intersection points of the distance grid and the angle grid. The control device is designed to normalize the position of the mobile unit to the nearest node or to the node determined according to a predetermined rule, i.e., to store the coordinates or position of the nearest node as the coordinates or position of the mobile unit. Instead of normalization to the nearest node, normalization could, for example, be provided to the one of two nodes that is further away from the stationary unit in the radial direction.

[0040] Based on a necessary and expected accuracy of the position determination by means of the stationary transceiver, the distance grid can provide a step size or subdivision between 2 cm and 50 cm, in particular 5 cm and 30 cm, preferably between 10 cm and 20 cm and further preferably approximately 15 cm or even approximately 30 cm.

[0041] Analogously, the angle grid can provide a step size or subdivision between 1° and 30°, in particular between 2° and 20°, preferably between 5° and 15°, and more preferably approximately 10° or even approximately 20°. Due to better and simpler implementation and, at the same time, sufficient resolution, 5° is preferably used as the lower limit.

[0042] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that polar coordinates to the right of the stationary transceiver are located in the positive angular direction of the polar coordinate system, and polar coordinates to the left of the stationary transceiver are located in the negative angular direction of the polar coordinate system. Left and right are to be understood as pointing away from a top view and from the perspective of the stationary transceiver, as well as from the building. Accordingly, angles from -90° to +90°, and thus 180°, are preferably detected using two antennas. A total coverage of 360° can also be achieved with more antennas.

[0043] To determine the nearest node or for normalization, it can be provided that a virtual distance threshold limit runs centrally between each two virtual circles that determine the distance grid and are arranged concentrically to the coordinate origin, and a virtual angle threshold limit runs centrally between each two virtual rays that determine the angle grid and extend radially away from the coordinate origin, so that each segment of the polar coordinate system segmented or gridded by the distance grid and the angle grid, each segment having four nodes, is divided into four sectors, each of which is assigned a node. Based on this, the control device is designed to normalize the position of the mobile unit to the node in whose sector the position lies.

[0044] For borderline cases, i.e., when the position lies exactly on the distance threshold and / or exactly on the angle threshold, predetermined rules can be provided or stored in the control device. Relative to the distance threshold, the position can always be assigned to the virtual circle or sector that is closer or further away from the coordinate origin. Relative to the angle threshold, the position can always be assigned to the virtual ray or sector that is larger or smaller in its angular value.

[0045] Furthermore, normalization can be performed starting from the position and thus after determining both the angle and the distance, as well as starting from the individual angles and the individual distances.

[0046] If the angle and distance are determined for a position, the position can be normalized as a whole. Alternatively, the individual angle can be assigned to the nearest virtual ray and the individual distance can be assigned separately to the nearest virtual circle, thus normalizing the values ​​separately.

[0047] According to a further aspect of the invention, an access control system according to the invention, and in particular the control device, is designed to carry out a method for determining polar coordinates of a mobile unit relative to a stationary unit arranged at the coordinate origin in a polar coordinate system of an access control system according to the invention lying in a horizontal plane, so that everything stated regarding the access control system also applies directly to the method. According to the method, it is provided that, in particular, the control device determines an angle from which the signal was received from a phase shift between a signal received at two antennas of a stationary transceiver of the stationary unit.Subsequently or simultaneously and in particular also by the control device, a measured distance between the stationary transceiver and the mobile transceiver is determined from the signal and for this purpose subsequently and again preferably by the control device from the measured distance and a vertical distance stored as a correction value between the stationary transceiver and a mobile transceiver of the mobile unit, a horizontal distance between the stationary transceiver and the mobile transceiver in the polar coordinate system lying in the horizontal plane is determined as a distance.

[0048] The features disclosed above can be combined as desired, as long as this is technically possible and they do not contradict each other.

[0049] Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are presented in more detail below, together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, with reference to the figures. They show: Fig. 1 an access control system in a plan view; Fig. 2 a segmentation of a polar coordinate system determined by distance grids and angle grids; Fig. 3 Section of an access control system in a top view; Fig. 4 Section of an access control system in a side view; Fig. 5 a procedure for determining polar coordinates of a mobile unit.

[0050] The figures are schematic examples. Identical reference numerals in the figures indicate identical functional and / or structural features.

[0051] In Fig. 1, the essential components of an access control system 1 on a building 2 according to the invention are shown schematically.

[0052] Such an access control system 1 basically comprises a stationary unit 20 and a mobile unit 10, wherein the stationary unit 20 is stationary or connected to the building 2 and is designed to control the access 3, for example a door, of the building 2 and accordingly, in particular, to lock or unlock the access 3 or the door 3 depending on the position of the mobile unit 10, wherein the stationary unit 20 receives signals S from the mobile unit 10 to determine the position and to authenticate and authorize the mobile unit 10. The mobile unit 10 has a mobile BLE-UWB transceiver 11, which is designed to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals S for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit 10 to the stationary unit 20 and, if necessary, for control of the stationary unit 20 by the mobile unit 10 to a stationary BLE-UWB transceiver 21 of the stationary unit 20.

[0053] In general, identification and authentication preferably take place via BLE, whereas localization and positioning preferably takes place via cryptologically secured communication via UWB.

[0054] It can be provided that the control of the stationary unit 20 should not be based, or preferably at least not exclusively, on control commands received from the mobile unit 10, but rather it should be checked whether the mobile unit is located within a predetermined access area 30.

[0055] Accordingly, the stationary unit 20 has a control device 22, which is designed to determine a position of the mobile unit 10 relative to the stationary unit 20 from the signals S transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21 and to automatically control a function when the position of the mobile unit 10 is within a predetermined access area 30. Optionally, it may also be necessary for a control command to trigger the function to be transmitted to the stationary unit 20 by a mobile unit 10 authenticated and authorized by the stationary unit 20.

[0056] As exemplified in Fig. 1 and Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the predetermined access area can be a delimited area or a delimited region within a polar coordinate system, in the center of which the stationary unit 20 is located. However, the predetermined access area 30 can be a predetermined angular range, distance range, a combination of angular and distance range, or the entire area of ​​the stationary unit that can be detected by the polar coordinate system, so that in the latter case, the access area 30 would be determined solely by a maximum transmission or reception power of the two transceivers 11, 21.

[0057] Basically, it is provided that the control device 22 determines an angle ϕ from which the signals S were received from the signals S transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21, and determines a distance r from which the signals S were received, so that the respective position of the mobile unit 10 can be specified as polar coordinates of the polar coordinate system.

[0058] As particularly with reference to Fig. 4, the polar coordinate system is understood as extending in a horizontal plane 5, which accordingly runs essentially parallel to the ground 6 or to a surface 6 of a reference system that can be designated as ground 6.

[0059] In order to simplify and thus accelerate calculations and comparisons, it is provided that the polar coordinate system is divided by a distance grid 41 and an angle grid 42 or is segmented into individual segments 46, so that virtual, i.e. imaginary, nodes 43 are formed at the intersection points of the distance grid 41 with the angle grid 42, whereby each segment 46 is determined by four nodes 43, as shown in Fig. 2 is shown.

[0060] Based on this, the control device 22 is designed to normalize the previously determined position of the mobile unit 10 to the nearest node 43.

[0061] Such normalization can, however, be achieved, for example, by placing a virtual distance threshold limit 44 centrally between each two virtual circles arranged concentrically to the coordinate origin, which determine the distance grid 41, and a virtual angle threshold limit 45 centrally between each two virtual rays extending radially away from the coordinate origin, which determine the angle grid 42. Each segment 46, each having four nodes 43, is thus divided into four sectors, each of which is assigned a node 43.

[0062] Based on this, the position of the mobile unit 10 as a whole can be normalized, ie changed or rounded, to the node 43 in whose sector the position lies.

[0063] However, the normalization does not have to be based on the position as a whole, but can also be done separately for the angle ϕ and the distance r, as in Fig. 5 explained.

[0064] Also with reference to Fig. 2 shows that the access area 30 can be determined, for example, by boundary points 31 normalized to the node points 43.

[0065] The determination of the angle ϕ is schematic and simplified in Fig. 3, where only the mobile transceiver 11 and the stationary transceiver 21 are shown in the configuration already shown in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 referenced view from above.

[0066] According to the illustrated embodiment, the stationary transceiver 21 has exactly two antennas 23 for receiving a signal S transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21, wherein the exactly two antennas 23 are spaced apart by a predetermined distance d in the horizontal plane. Alternatively, however, four or exactly four antennas 23 can also be provided.

[0067] The angle ϕ is determined from a phase shift α between the signal S received at both antennas 23 or a phase shift α between the carrier waves 24 of the signal S received at both antennas 23 and the distance d between the antennas 23.

[0068] In particular, the angle ϕ is given by the formula Φ=arcsin(α*λ2*π*d) determined, where λ is known in advance as a wavelength of the carrier frequency or the carrier wave 24 of the signal S and is stored in particular in the control device 22 or can be retrieved by it.

[0069] Fundamental to the invention and as can be seen from Fig. 4, the installation situation of the stationary unit 20 and in three-dimensional space may result in the measured distance rg not corresponding to the actual distance r in the polar coordinate system extending or lying in the horizontal plane 5 due to a vertical distance rv between the stationary unit 20 or its stationary transceiver 21 and the mobile unit 10 or its mobile transceiver 11.

[0070] In order to increase the accuracy and thus also the comfort and security of the access system 1, the control device 22 is therefore designed to determine the horizontal distance r between the stationary transceiver 21 and the mobile transceiver 11 as distance r from the distance rg determined or measured, for example, from a transmission duration of the signal S and the vertical distance rv stored as a correction value in the control device 22 or determinable by the control device 22.

[0071] In this case, the formula r=(rg)2−(rv)2 used.

[0072] The vertical distance rv, i.e. the distance between the transceivers 11, 21 along a straight line or vertical axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane 5, can be stored by a user 4 in the control unit 22.

[0073] Alternatively, the user 4 can also simply store the distance d20 of the stationary transceiver 21 or the stationary unit 20 to the ground 6 along the vertical axis in the control device 22, wherein the vertical distance rv results from a distance d10 of the mobile transceiver 11 or the mobile unit 10 already stored in the control device 22 by appropriate subtraction.

[0074] Furthermore, the user 4 can determine both the distance d20 of the stationary transceiver 21 or the stationary unit 20 to the ground 5 along the vertical axis and the distance d10 of the mobile transceiver 11 or the mobile unit 10 to the ground 5 along the vertical axis by the user 4 and store them in the control device 22, whereby the vertical distance rv is again obtained by corresponding subtraction.

[0075] An example procedure for determining such a corrected position is shown in Fig. 5, wherein the control device 22 can be designed accordingly to carry out a method based thereon or at least some of the steps.

[0076] According to the Fig. The procedure shown in Figure 5 and based on a flow chart includes, in particular, the following steps: Step A A user 4 measures the vertical distance rv between the stationary unit 20 or its stationary transceiver 21 and the mobile unit 10 or its mobile transceiver 11. Step B The user 4 transmits a learning control command via the mobile unit 10, which is designed, for example, as a smartphone, to the stationary unit 20 together with the vertical distance rv measured by him, which he can enter as a value into the mobile unit 10. Step C The mobile unit 10 or its mobile transceiver 11 and the stationary unit 20 or its stationary transceiver 21 communicate with each other wirelessly and by transmitting at least one signal S from the mobile unit 10 to the stationary unit 20. Step D The measured distance rg is determined from the signal S using its ToF. Step E From the signal S, the phase shift α of the signal arriving at two antennas 23 is determined. Step F From the measured distance rg, in particular, as in Fig. 4 explains how the horizontal distance r is determined. Step G The horizontal distance r is normalized by means of the distance thresholds 44 to the value of the nearest virtual circle determining the distance grid 41. Step H From the phase shift α and in particular how to Fig. 3 explains how the angle ϕ is determined. Step J The angle ϕ is normalized by means of the angle thresholds 45 to the value of the nearest virtual ray determining the angle grid 42. Step K The normalized horizontal distance r and the normalized angle ϕ are assigned to each other by a unique identifier as the position of the mobile unit 10, where the identifier can be, for example, the time at which the signal S was received. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2023 / 222462 A1

[0003] DE 10 2020 114 403 A1

[0003]

Claims

[1] Access control system (1) for buildings (2) with a stationary unit (20) and a mobile unit (10), wherein the mobile unit (10) has a mobile transceiver (11) which is designed to transmit wirelessly and encrypted signals (S) for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit (10) with respect to the stationary unit (20) and for control of the stationary unit (20) by the mobile unit (10) to a stationary transceiver (21) of the stationary unit (20), wherein the stationary unit (20) comprises a control device (22) which is designed to determine a position of the mobile unit (10) relative to the stationary unit (20) from the signals (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) and to control a function if a control command for triggering the function is transmitted to the stationary unit (20) by a mobile unit (10) authenticated and authorized by the stationary unit (20) and / or the position of the mobile unit (10) is within a predetermined access area (30), and wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine an angle (ϕ) from which the signals (S) were received from the signals (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21), to determine a measured distance (rg) between the stationary transceiver (21) and the mobile transceiver (11) from a signal (S) received at the stationary transceiver (21) from the mobile transceiver (11) and from the measured distance (rg) and a vertical distance (rv) stored as a correction value in the control device (22) between the stationary transceiver (21) and the mobile transceiver (11), to determine a horizontal distance between the stationary transceiver (21) and the mobile transceiver (11) in the polar coordinate system lying in the horizontal plane as a distance (r) from which the signals (S) were received, so that the position of the mobile unit (10) can be specified as polar coordinates of a polar coordinate system lying in a horizontal plane, in the coordinate origin of which the stationary transceiver (21) is arranged. [2] Access control system according to claim 1, wherein the stationary transceiver (21) has exactly two antennas (23) for receiving the signals (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21), wherein the exactly two antennas (23) have a known distance (d) from each other in the horizontal plane, and wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine the angle (ϕ) from a phase shift (α) between a signal (S) received at both antennas (23) and the distance (d) between the antennas (23). [3] Access control system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control device (22) is designed the measured distance (rg) from a transmission time of a signal (S) received at the stationary transceiver (21) from the mobile transceiver (11) and / or from a transmission time of a signal (S) received at the stationary transceiver (21) from the stationary transceiver (21) via the mobile transceiver (11) and / or from a signal strength of a signal (S) received at the stationary transceiver (21) from the mobile transceiver (11). [4] Access control system according to one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the control device (22) is designed the phase shift (α) determined from a signal (S) and / or the angle (ϕ) determined for the signal (S) and to store the distance (rg) measured for the signal (S) and / or the distance (r) determined for the signal (S) in a manner that can be assigned to one another. [5] Access control system according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine the phase shift (α) and / or the angle (ϕ) as well as the measured distance (rg) and / or the distance (r) at predetermined time intervals from a signal (S) received by the stationary transceiver (21) and / or to transmit a command from the stationary transceiver (21) to the mobile transceiver (11), by means of which a signal (S) is transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) at predetermined time intervals, from which signal the phase shift (α) and / or the angle (ϕ) as well as the measured distance (rg) and / or the distance (r) is determined. [6] Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (22) has a learning mode in which the vertical distance (rv) can be stored as a correction value for determining the distance (r) in the control device (22) and / or can be set by a user. [7] Access control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the control device (22) is designed in the learning mode, when a learning control command is transmitted by the mobile unit (10) to the stationary unit (20), to store a value transmitted with or immediately after the learning control command from the mobile unit (10) to the stationary unit (20) as the vertical distance (rv) or to determine the vertical distance (rv) based on the value. [8] Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the polar coordinate system is divided by a distance grid (41) and an angle grid (42) and virtual node points (43) are formed at the intersection points of the distance grid (41) with the angle grid (42), wherein the control device (22) is designed to normalize the position of the mobile unit (10) to the nearest node point (43). [9] Access control system according to the preceding claim, wherein a virtual distance threshold limit (44) runs centrally between each two virtual circles which determine the distance grid (41) and are arranged concentrically to the coordinate origin, and a virtual angle threshold limit (45) runs centrally between each two virtual rays which determine the angle grid (42) and extend away from the coordinate origin in the radial direction, so that each segment (46) of the polar coordinate system segmented by the distance grid (41) and the angle grid (42), each having four node points (43), is divided into four sectors, each of which is assigned a node point (43), wherein the control device (22) is designed to normalize the position of the mobile unit (10) to the node point (43) in whose sector the position lies.

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